steamships replace sailing ships. improvements in steerage
TRANSCRIPT
Steamships replace Sailing
Ships
Improvements in Steerage
Fear of disease keeps people out
of steerage anyway
Ellis Island
Who Got Turned Back?
(Female “Undesirables”)
“Birds of Passage” and “Return Migration”
Graph: Emigration from the US as a percentage of immigration to the US
Immigrant Destinations,
1905
New York’s Lower East Side, c. 1909
New York’s Mulberry Street, 1901
Dumb-Bell Tenements
Jacob Riis photo: Boarders crowding a NY tenement, c. 1890, “Five Cents a Spot”
Washing and Bathing in Tenements
The problem with fire escapes
Bohemian Cigar Makers in their Tenement
Initially, most sewing takes place in tenements
Sweatshops
Sweatshops defined by compulsion, not conditions
Triangle Waist Company Fire, 1911
Urban Political
Machines