stcw maritime language sep2011

8/13/2019 STCW Maritime Language SEP2011

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INTRODUCTIONON THE TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

The international convention on Standards of Training, Certificationand Watchkeeping for Seafarers (or STCW), 1978, as amended, setsqualification standards for masters, officers and watch personnel onseagoing merchant ships.

1978 STCW was adopted

1984 STCW entered into force

1995

STCW was significantly amended, i.e. training requirements: theamendments require that seafarers be provided with "familiarizationtraining" and "basic safety training" which includes (1) basic firefighting, (2) elementary first aid, (3) personal survival techniques,and (4) personal safety and social responsibilities.


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Test your knowledge - fill in the blanks

Q1: (V) canal vs. (Z) channel

A ___ is the physical confine of a river or ocean straitconsisting of a bed and banks.

___ are human-made ___ for water; types: aqueduct(or water conveyance); waterway canals; city-canal(gracht).

Q2. Put elements of the Beaufort Wind Force Scale inascending order(K) storm, (R) strong wind, (E) gale, (C) calm,(O) breeze, (T)hurricane

1c


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Match characters with a numbersMaritime term Civilian term

B bulkhead 1 room

C keel 2 main body

D hull 3 bottom part

E compartment 4 bunk

F frames 5 wall

G starboard 6 ribs

H hatch 7 emptyI berth 8 right side

J head 9 journal

K void 10 restroom

L log book 11 cover

B5C3D2E1F6G8H11I4J10K7L9 2c


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Mooring lines and more The lines are fixed to deck fittings on the vessel at one end, and fittings on the shore

2b


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Parts of sailing ship

2d


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Three rotational degreesof freedom of a ship

Roll is when the vessel rotates about the longitudinal (front/back) axis

Pitch is when the vessel rotates about the transverse (side-to-side) axisYaw is when the vessel rotates about the vertical (up-down) axis 2a


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A wrench or spanner is a tool used to provide grip and mechanical advantage inapplying torque to turn objects usually rotary fasteners, such as nuts andbolts or keep them from turning. Higher quality wrenches are typically made

from chromium-vanadium alloy tool steels and are often drop-forged. They are frequently chrome-plated to resist corrosion.

In American English, wrench is the standard term, while spanner refers to aspecialized wrench with a series of pins or tabs around the circumference. Themost common shapes are called open-end wrench and box-end wrench.

In British English, spanner is the standard term. The most common shapes arecalled open-ended spanner and ring spanner. The term wrench refers to a typeof adjustable spanner.

FYI

7a


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FYI

Boatswain / bosn /A warrant officer on awarship, or a petty officer

on a merchant vessel, incharge of rigging, anchors,cables, mending, etc.Also: bo's'n, bosun;Other: b. pipe, b. chair

8a


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COMPETENCE 9 ORGANISATION ON BOARD

9a


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Senhouse slip

If the ship sinks, the waterpressure will, within 4 m,activate the sharp knifewhich cuts the white strongrope and the liferaft willfloat free.

hydrostatic release

10

Liferaft's - how to launch

if the vessel sinks


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Liferaft Install the raft where it can be easilylaunched , but where it will float clearif the ship sinks before launching.

Do not install the raft vertically. The gascylinder inside will fall to the bottom andchafe the fabric. Install it in a cradle orshaped bed, secured with a senhouse slip

and weak link or a hydrostatic release .

The painter must be secured to a strongpoint on the vessel.

The raft should not be exposed to paint,

exhaust smoke, sparks, heavy seas orspray.

Have the liferaft inspected and repackedand the hydrostatic release testedaccording to the recommendations andrequirements of the manufacturer.

If you have an inflatablelife raft, be sure it is

installed properly. 10l


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Before setting off to sea get your EMERGENCY PACK
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Italian_Gas_Horn.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pea_Whistle.jpg


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Methods of

signaling

Signal mirror

Dye markers

On a sunny day, a mirror is your best signaling device - pilots have reportedseeing mirror flashes up to 160 km away under ideal conditions.

Red flare

10k

ORANGESAFETY FLAG
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Italian_Gas_Horn.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pea_Whistle.jpg


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Methods ofsignaling

10j

Personal Locator beacon (PLB)1. Transmit on 121,5 and 406 MHz2. Activation automatic if immersed in water for

15 or manual when activation button pressed 3. Illumination cord around the neck transmits and

flashes SOS signal for 20-30 hrs
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0e/New_C-S_System_Overview.jpg


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TEMPERATURE MIGRATION

hypothermia vs. hyperthermiaHypo is a condition inwhich core temp . dropsbelow that required fornormal metabolism and

body functionswhich is defined as 35.0 C .

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

28

32

35

36.5

37.5

38.3

40

Human body temperature [C]

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Hyper is an elevatedbody temperature due to failed thermoregulation.

Hyperthermia occurs

when the body producesor absorbs more heatthan it can dissipate.

When the elevated bodytemperatures are

sufficiently high,hyperthermia is a

medical emergency andrequires immediate

treatment to preventdisability or death.

10i
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Titanic-New_York_Herald_front_page.jpeg


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HYPOTHERMIA history of tragic

events

During Napoleon s Bonaparte's retreat from Russiamany troops suffered from hypothermia [1812]

Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 only 16 out of 45 survived [13OCT1972]

RMS Titanic is sinking on the 14 APR 1912

10h

Military and civilian examples of de aths caused by hypothermia
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Napoleons_retreat_from_moscow.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Napoleons_retreat_from_moscow.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Napoleons_retreat_from_moscow.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Titanic-New_York_Herald_front_page.jpeghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Titanic-New_York_Herald_front_page.jpeghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Napoleons_retreat_from_moscow.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/Titanic-New_York_Herald_front_page.jpeghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Napoleons_retreat_from_moscow.jpg


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Hypothermia SIGNS &SYMPTOMS RISK FACTORS

Mild (32-35C) - shivering,Moderate (28-32 C) - shiveringbecoming more violent; The victimbecomes pale. Lips, ears, fingersand toes may become blue.Severe (


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Heat productionThe word mitochondrion comes from the Greek or mitos, thread + or chondrion, granule.

Mitochondria

In cell biology, a mitochondrion( plural mitochondria ) is a

membrane-enclosed organelle

found in most cells.

These organelles range from0.5 to 10 micrometers ( m ) in

diameter.

Mitochondria are sometimesdescribed as "cellular power

plants Approx. 400-700 in each cell 10f
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Biological_cell.svg


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What to do to reduce of heat

escape? Q: What happens in cold water?Cold water removes heat from the body 25 times faster than cold air. About50% of that heat loss occurs through the head. Physical activity such asswimming, or other struggling in the water increases heat loss. Survivaltime can be reduced to minutes.DO YOU KNOW that strong swimmers have died before swimming 100m incold water. In water under 40 F, victims have died before swimming 30m.

Cold ShockWithout a life jacket, a victim may inhale while under water (involuntarygasping reflex) and drown without coming back to the surface. This canonly be prevented by wearing a life jacket at all times on the water in theoff-season. There is no second chance.Exposure of the head and chest to cold water causes sudden increases inheart rate and blood pressure that may result in cardiac arrest.

Other responses to cold water immersion result in immediate loss ofconsciousness and drowning. 10e


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What to do to reduce of heat

escape?

USCG: 50/50 F/50%

1. STAY ON THE RAFT

as long as you can -cold water kills evengood swimmers;

2.Hypothermia numbsyour senses, easiest

activities becomeimpossible;3.Take care of your

blood circulation, i.e.wiggle yourfingers/thumbs,reduce heat escape;

4. While warming up do it slowly, in stages- cold blood in yourarteries is maincause of stroke. 10d

1 Dehydration is best


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Dehydration?1.Dehydration is best

avoided by drinkingsufficient water.The greater theamount of water

lost throughperspiration, themore water must beconsumed toreplace it and avoiddehydration.

2.Body cannottolerate largedeficits in totalbody water -without water ahuman can survive

4 days (max 7).3.Long term

dehydration leadsto fatigue, drop ofimmunity,unconsciousnessand to death. 10cwoman

man

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.53

3.5

4

4.5

2.2 4.5

2.9

4.5

duringextremeexercise

Humans daily water demand [litres]

Dehydration symptoms generally become noticeableafter 2% of one's normal water volume has been lost.

Initially, one experiences thirst and discomfort, possiblyalong with loss of appetite and dry skin.

Clean drinking water is essential to humans

Min.1,5 litre


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Consumption of seawaterAccidentally consuming small quantities of clean seawater is not harmful, especially if the

seawater is consumed along with a larger quantity of fresh water. However, drinking seawaterto maintain hydration is counterproductive; more water must be excreted to eliminate the salt

(via urine) than the amount of water that is gained from drinking the seawater itself.

3.5% ions of dissolved sodium chloride9 g/L (0.9% by weight)

seawater vs. human body

After drinking seawater, the bloods sodium concentration will rise to toxic levels,

removing water from all cells and interfering with nerve conduction, ultimatelyproducing fatal seizure and heart arrhythmia. 10b

2. Water covers 70.9%of the Earth's surface(fresh water: 3%oceans +0.9% other+2% rivers andswamps)3. The salinity ofwater in major seasvaries from about0.7% in the Baltic Seato 4.0% in the RedSea.

70%

A h b d i ll b t 95%


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Life jacket

A human body is usually about 95%of the density of water and so willnormally float with about 5% of itabove the surface, but unfortunatelythe stable position for it to float iswith the upper back just breakingthe surface and the head, arms andlegs hanging down.

Not only is a life jacket designed tokeep you afloat but also to keep

you afloat with your face above thewater , and to do this it must be puton correctly. Nothing except aproperly designed and properlyworn life jacket should ever be usedas a life preserver.

I i i


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Emergency suit for fishing vessels, merchantshipping and on offshore installations coated flame retardant, waterproof body warmth reflecting inner layer 3mm buoyancy foam with closed cells for insulationand buoyancy Sewn and welded seams Watertight zip, Adjustable ankle straps Approved light, buddy line and lifting strap Attached three finger gloves Whistle Storage bag included SOLAS approved and in accordance with MarineEquipment Directive 96/96/EC

Immersion suitIs it possible to survive more than 1 hour in 5C cold water?

With regular clothing - it isn't! With an immersion suitit is possible to survive more than 5 hours at 1C.

11f

As of 1 JUL 2006: 1 immersion suit per person on board(Maritime Safety Committee)


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Safety_Q1. A person has fallen overboard and is being picked up with a lifeboat. If the person appears

in danger of drowning, the lifeboat should make ______. (A-an approach from leeward;B-the most direct approach; C-an approach from windward; D-an approach across the wind)

2. A person who sees someone fall overboard should _______. (A-go to the bridge for thedistress flares; B-run to the radio room to send an emergency message; C-call for help andkeep the individual in sight; D- immediately jump in the water to assist the individual)

3. The key to rescuing a MOB is _______. (A-good communication; B-dedicated crew; C-good

equipment; D-well-conducted drills) 4. One of your crew members falls overboard from the starboard side. You shouldIMMEDIATELY _______. (A-begin backing your engines; B-apply left rudder; C-throw thecrew member a life preserver; D-position your vessel to windward and begin recovery)

5. On a small boat, if someone fell overboard and you did not know over which side theperson fell, you should ____. (A-immediately reverse the engines; B-stop the propellers

from turning and throw a ring buoy over the side; C- increase speed to full to get the vesselaway from the person; D-first put the rudder hard over in either direction.

6. You are standing the wheel watch when you hear the cry, "Man overboard starboard side".You should instinctively _____. (A-give full right rudder / B-give full left rudder / C-put therudder amidships / D- throw a life ring to mark the spot)

7. The #2 lifeboat on a tanker would be _____. (A-forwardmost on the port side /

B-forwardmost on the starboard side / C-abaft #1 lifeboat port side / D-abaft #1 lifeboatstarboard side 11g

COMPETENCE 11 HOW TO USE A LIFE JACKET


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COMPETENCE 11 - HOW TO USE A LIFE JACKET

Owning a lifejacket is not a guarantee of safetyunless you know how to use it

1. In an emergency there is no time to learn how equipment works. You should practiceputting on your lifejacket and making the final adjustments for a safe fit.

2. Children should be encouraged to learn how to put on their lifejackets for themselves.

3. You should also practice in the water so that you know how the equipment functionsand in particular, get used to the flotation position it gives you.

4. Crewsaver recommend the use of thigh straps with all Lifejackets, most versions havethese fitted as standard. They make the Lifejacket safer to use by helping to prevent it

riding up in the water.

11b


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Safety fire-fighting situations1. What would happen if you took one of the sides of the FIRE TRIANGLE away? The fire

would stop.2. What type of nozzle do you have at the end of your fire hoses? Either Jet or Jet/Spray

Nozzle.3. Do you carry spare fire hoses on your ship? You should have at least one spare.4. Why so many extinguishers in the engine room? Because this is the primary source for a fire

to start.5. You see a fire in the galley, its a chip pan on fire, what are you going to do? Your priority isto make sure you do not get hurt, close the door for the galley, scream "FIRE" and make sureeveryone is alerted.

6. Can you manage to put this fire out? This would depend on what the heat source was, is itgas, electric, or diesel?

7. It's an electrical source of heating, can you put the fire out now? Yes, outside the galleythere should be an isolator switch, if I switch off the electricity to the fire, this would help,now I can go in and put a fire blanket over the chip pan, as long as I have a fire teamalongside me . What would you do if it was a gas fueled cooker? Turn off the gas at themains (Bottled Gas ) What would you do if it was a diesel fueled cooker? Turn off the mainfuel source in the engine room.

12g


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Key elements of fire safety fill in the blanks

1. Maintaining proper fire exits and proper exitsignage .

2. Never allow the fire to come between you and yourmeans of escape .

3. Placing and maintaining fire extinguishers in easilyaccessible places.

4. Prohibiting flammable materials in certain areas ofthe facility.

5. Conduct fire drills at regular intervals throughoutthe year.

6. Keep your senses allert and vigilat , do not neglectany symptoms of fire. easily accesible, fire drills, flammable, fire exits

12f


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Wh i h i l f


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Model forunderstanding the

major componentsnecessary for fire

Heat

Fuel

Oxygen

What is the triangle fora fire to start?

Air contains 20.95% oxygen 12D


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Firefighting equipment

A. Automatic sprinklerB. CO2 extinguisherC. Fire axeD. Helmet

E. HoseF. Hose couplingG. Hose wrenchH. Life safety lineI. NozzleJ. Pike poleK. SCBAL. Utility ropeM. Fire blanket

12

3

4

5

6 7

89

10

11

12C


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Toxic fumes ( i.e. carbonmonoxide ) and smoke kill

Explosion

Consumption of oxygen

Hard or impossible to control Cause severe burns (skin,lungs, etc.)

Flames and smoke trap thecrew

Is fire considered as the most

devastating to crew and ship?

12b

Evacuation is a challenge blackout, darkalleyways, metal melts or expands


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Match characters with a numbersMaritime term Meaning

B Assembly station 1 Fighting flooding team

C Briefing 2 Turning of a vessel upside down

D Capsizing 3 Concise explanatory information

E Damade control team 4 List of all on board and their functionsduring alarms and drills

F Derelict 5 Meeting place according to the musterlist during alarm or announcement

G General emergency alarm 6 Goods abandoned at sea

H Hampered vessel 7 Act of checking who are present byreading aloud a list of their names

I Muster list 8 7 short blasts and 1 prolonged blast

J PA-system 9 Orders of the Master to the OOW

K Roll call 10 Loudspeakers in the vessels cabins

L Standing orders 11 A vessel restricted in her ability tomanoeuvre by nature/work/draft

B5

C3D2E1F6G8H11I4J10K7L9 12b


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11f

Hope keeps your spirit high

Never give up your hope

Survival at seais a real test of o nes physical and mental

endurance

12c


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Is fire considered as the most

devastating ?

12bThe Windsor Castle fire, 20NOV1992

Raging infernoSmall fire

The Buckingham Palacefire, 3JUN2002


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Transocean Deep-water Horizonoil rig explosion

Major mishaps aboard oilrigs are rare. Butaccidents like theTransocean DeepwaterHorizon oil rig explosionshow the risks ascompanies explorefarther and drill deeper.

A fire aboard the mobileoffshore drilling unitburns 52 miles southeastof Venice, La.Helicopters, ships, andan airplane searchedwaters off Louisiana'scoast Wednesday formissing workers after theoil rig explosion and fire./20APR2010/

Y B t


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Yeoman Bontrup On July 2, 2010 a conveyor belt on the cargo ship Yeoman

Bontrup, berthed at Glensanda Quarry's pier on Loch Linnhe(UK), caught fire and the blaze spread to the superstructure.

The fire, in which no-onewas seriously hurt, burned

for more than 24hrs


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Lisco Gloriasailed from German town Kiel to Lithuania

/9OCT2010/

Nearly 240people wererescued fromthe ferry inthe Baltic Seain the earlyhours ofSaturday, afteran explosionon the shipset it on fire.

Lisco Gloria,the 200-meterlongferryboat, wassailing underthe Lithuanianflag.


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Bulgariathe double-decker turist boat sank on the Volga

Russia is observing a day of mourning after as many as 110 people died when anoverloaded boat sank on the Volga. Some 50 children were said to be among thosewho drowned when the Bulgaria, a tourist boat, sank on Sunday.

Around 80 people were rescued on thewide section of the river in Tatarstan,750km (450 miles) east of Moscow. Some50 bodies have been found. Officials saythe boat's capacity was 120 passengersand crew, but it had been carrying 208people.

/Sunday, 10JUL2011/


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1. Maintaining proper fire exits and proper exitsignage .

2. Never allow the fire to come between you and yourmeans of escape .

3. Placing and maintaining fire extinguishers in easilyaccessible places.

4. Prohibiting flammable materials in certain areas ofthe facility.

5. Conduct fire drills at regular intervals throughoutthe year.

6. Keep your senses allert and vigilat , do not neglectany symptoms of fire. easily accesible, fire drills, flammable, fire exits

Test (use words provided - flamable, allert and vigilant, signage, escape, fire

extinguishers, fire drils - and complete sentences)

S f t Si Pi t


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Safety Signs PictogramsThese types of signs comply with ISO 3864, the specification

for international standards for safety systems

designed toprovide visualinformationspanning alllanguage barriers

S


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Safety pictograms AFETY

PICTOGRAMS

S


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AFETY

PICTOGRAMS


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h l l k


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How the valve looks


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How the valve looks


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Do you know:

during windless day,

survivors cry for helpat sea may be heartfor up to 15 km

stcw maritime language sep2011

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