status update on winter moth in new england
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Joe Elkinton University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA. Status Update on Winter Moth in New England. Discovery of winter moth in E. Massachusetts. 2003. Persistent outbreaks of spring-feeding geometrids have occurred in eastern Mass in the late 1990s - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Status Update on Winter Moth in New England
Joe Elkinton
University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA USA
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• Persistent outbreaks of spring-feeding geometrids have occurred in eastern Mass in the late 1990s
• Large male flight at Xmas 2002 suggested something new: possibly winter moth Operophtera brumata, native to Europe.
2003
Discovery of winter moth in E. Massachusetts
Boston
Cape Cod
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June 5, 2006
Widespread defoliation of many deciduous tree species: oaks, maplesFailure of the blueberry crop
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Defoliation by winter mothIn 2011
Map courtesy ofKen Gooch and MassDept. of Conservation andRecreation
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A
Elkinton et al. 2010 . Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 103:135-145.
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Oak mortality on Martha’s Vineyard
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Collection and importation of Cyzenis albicans
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Winter moths have been established in N. America twice before
Nova Scotia before 1950
Pacific NW in 1970s
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In both cases WM populations were permanently controlled by introducing two parasitoids from
Europe • Cyzenis albicans
• Agrypon flaveolatum
Photos thanks to Nicholas Conder
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Nova Scotia: Percent defoliation and parasitism following release (Embree 1966)
First parasitoid release
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The best place to collect winter moth parasitoids is Victoria, British Columbia
Imre Otvos
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The bio-control project mostly due to the heroic efforts of Jeff Boettner
Jeff Boettner
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In the last few years I have hired my own winter moth collecting
crew on Vancouver Island
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Winter moth parasite rearing in British Columbia in 2011: 130 five gal. buckets in motel = 62,800 pupae shipped to Quarantine.
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Last year (2010) we had the first clear evidence for establishment (recovery a
year or more after release) of C. albicans at three of six release sites
• We hope this follows the same trajectory as Nova Scotia
First parasitoid release
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Flies Released 2005- 2010
Flies Released 2011
Flies Recovered 2010
Flies Recovered 2011
Cyzenis albicansRelease and Recovery Sites 2005-2011
Defoliation 2011
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Summary of biological control effort
We have now established Cyzenis albicans at 5 of 6 earlier release sites
In 2011 we released spread 7000 flies out over 9 new release sites
We have not yet seen the big increase in % parasitism that we are expecting. We believe it is just a matter of time