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GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
Status report of JMA and
calibration policy for AHI
Meteorological Satellite Center of JMA
Arata OKUYAMA and Toshiyuki KURINO
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
Contents
2
� Update of JMA GSICS members
� Progress of JMA GRWG activities
• Infrared channel
• Visible channel inter-calibration/vicarious calibration
� Progress of JMA GDWG activities
� Contribution to SCOPE-CM phase2 projects
� Towards Himawari-8/AHI inter-calibration
• VIS/NIR vicarious calibration using Metosat-9/SEVIRI as proxy data
• Observation quality monitoring
� Summary and future plans
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 3
2014 JMA GSICS members
Executive Panel (EP)• (new) Arata OKUYAMA (Mr)
GSICS Research Working Group (GRWG)• (new) Ryoko YOSHINO (Dr)• (new) Arata OKUYAMA (Mr)• Masaya TAKAHASHI (Mr) (now staying at EUMETSAT)
GSICS Data management Working Group (GDWG)• (new) Keita HOSAKA (Dr)• Masaya TAKAHASHI (Mr), vice chair
GPRC points of contacts for operational matters• (new) Arata OKUYAMA (Mr)
We acknowledge EUMETSAT for taking in Masaya as a visiting scientist.We acknowledge EUMETSAT for taking in Masaya as a visiting scientist.
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
Contents
4
� Update of JMA GSICS members
� Progress of JMA GRWG activities
• Infrared channel
• Visible channel inter-calibration/vicarious calibration
� Progress of JMA GDWG activities
� Contribution to SCOPE-CM phase2 projects
� Towards Himawari-8/AHI inter-calibration
• VIS/NIR vicarious calibration using Metosat-9/SEVIRI as proxy data
• Observation quality monitoring
� Summary and future plans
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
Progress of the MTSAT IR calibration system on GSICS
5
� Current status of MTSAT-1R/-2 IR GSICS Correction
� Demonstration phase, started in July 2010
� Reference sensor: Metop-A/IASI and Aqua/AIRS
� Toward the Pre-Operational phase
� Additions and modifications to the netCDF conventions, merge
of RAC (Re-Analysis Correction) files
• To meet the requirement of EUMETSAT bias plotting tool, completed
in July 2013
� Uncertainty evaluation
• ongoing, will be completed in 2014
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 6
Preparation for pre-operational phase
� Method: Hewison (2013), already evaluated for MSG/SEVIRI and GOES/Imager
� Progress of MTSAT-2/Imager:
• Systematic errors have been calculated (but not for full error sources)
• Random error evaluation is underway (will be finished in 2014)
3.8 [μm] 6.8 [μm] 10.8 [μm] ch 12.0
[μm]
Contribution on each source of systematic error to the standard uncertainty of TB
Total systematic uncertainty Temporal mismatch Longitudinal mismatch Latitudinal
mismatch in collaboration with Dr. Tim Hewison at EUMETSAT
WG_13.10 : JMA to complete Uncertainty analysis for MTSAT-IASI products by analyzing
random errors contribution from spatial and temporal variability at least …
[K]
Un
cert
ain
ty o
f T
B [
K]
Open
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 7
Comparison of TB bias on the EUMETSAT bias plotting tool
� Requirements for the visualization on the bias plotting tool
• RAC data are only supported (all information should be contained in one file)
• We modified MTSAT-2 vs. AIRS/IASI IR RAC format in July 2013
• Easy comparison of GSICS Corrections are realized!
MTSAT-2 10.8 um
Meteosat-10 10.8 um
Many thanks for supports and comments of EUMETSAT and NOAA
Time series of 11μm channel TB difference against Metop-
A/IASI
on http://vgsics.eumetsat.int/plotter/
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
Progress of the MTSAT VIS calibration system on GSICS
8
Result of MTSAT-2 in Feb. 2011
Sim
ula
ted
re
fle
ctiv
ity
Observed reflectivity
A) Vicarious calibration using radiative transfer calculation
� Method: Comparison of observed and simulated
radiance for particular targets
� Target: Wide range of radiances
• Cloud-free ocean/land, Liquid water cloud, Deep
Convective Cloud (DCC)
� Radiative transfer calculation:
• RSTAR (Nakajima and Tanaka [1986,1988])
� Input data: Independent of GEO data
• JMA Re-Analysis atmos. profiles, MODIS L1B,
BRDF, Aura/OMI total column ozone, …
• Aerosol/Cloud optical parameters (e.g., optical
thickness) are retrieved from MODIS L1B data
in collaboration with the University of Tokyo
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
9
In collaboration with Dr. Sebastien Wagner (EUMETSAT)
• JMA compared MTSAT-2 visible sensor
gains computed by two vicarious
calibration approaches.
a. Deep convective cloud (DCC)
observation based approach
(used by GSICS Processing and
Research Centers)
b. Radiative transfer model (RTM)
based approach
• MTSAT-2 visible sensor gain trends
based on DCC and RTM approaches
are consistent, whereas large seasonal
variation in the RTM based approach.
• GSICS correction using DCC will enter
the demonstration phase
� DCC approach
� RTM approach
MTSAT-2 VIS Gain (monthly) [(Radiance)/DN]
B) Inter-calibration of NASA’s method using DCC
Progress of the MTSAT VIS calibration system on GSICS
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 10
C) Lunar calibration using the ROLO model
Progress of the MTSAT VIS calibration system on GSICS
In collaboration with Dr. Bartolomeo Viticchie at EUMETSAT
• Applicable to JMA GEO satellites except for MTSAT-1R (due to its scanning pattern)
• Experience of GMS-5 lunar calibration with the support of Dr. Tom Stone
• We got started with MTSAT-2 lunar calibration in this March w/ Dr. Viticchie
• In the near future, this method will be applied to Himawari-8/AHI VIS/NIR bands
Preliminary result of MTSAT-2
lunar calibration using the
ROLO model (time series of
calibration slope against the
ROLO model)
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
Contents
11
� Update of JMA GSICS members
� Progress of JMA GRWG activities
• Infrared channel
• Visible channel inter-calibration/vicarious calibration
� Progress of JMA GDWG activities
� Contribution to SCOPE-CM phase2 projects
� Towards Himawari-8/AHI inter-calibration
• VIS/NIR vicarious calibration using Metosat-9/SEVIRI as proxy data
• Observation quality monitoring
� Summary and future plans
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
JMA GDWG activities
12
• JMA GPRC website updates
– URL of JMA GPRC will be changed in 2014. We will announce in the
near future.
– New page describing AHI inter-calibration will be created by the
summer 2015.
• Satellite event log
– Logs opened to the public on the JMA sites (monthly report):
http://mscweb.kishou.go.jp/operation/opr_report.htm
– Logs before 2000 have been archived, but not digitized
– Ready for providing information to be hyper-linked from the WMO
OSCAR
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 13
Calibration change alerts
Prototype of calibration change alert derived from MTSAT-2 vs. IASI NRTC Correction
ΔT
B [
K]
10.8 [μm]
� Calibration change alert discussed in the June 2013 web meeting
• We have created prototype image using MTSAT-2 vs. IASI NRTC netCDF
and reported to gsics-dev.
Based on Action EP 14.01
GCC, GDWG and GRWG to evaluate the relevance and implications of adding “calibration alert system”
and “SNO and GEO-LEO collocation data” to the GSICS portfolio, and report to the Executive Panel.
5σ
5σ
₋ NRTC product
• Daily
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 14
Change of GEO-LEO IR Correction (NetCDF) content
� Requirements for the visualization on the bias plotting tool
• RAC files are only supported (all information should be contained in one file)
• We modified MTSAT-2 vs. AIRS/IASI IR RAC format in July 2013
• Easy comparison of GSICS Corrections are realized!
• NetCDF metadata checker created by NOAA was so useful for the work!
MTSAT-2 10.8 um
Meteosat-10 10.8 um
Many thanks for supports and comments of EUMETSAT and NOAA
Time series of 11μm channel TB difference against Metop-
A/IASI
on http://vgsics.eumetsat.int/plotter/
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 15
NetCDF metadata checker
Requirements :
1)The tool can only run on a UNIX (Mac OS X, Linux, etc.) computer.
2)Java virtual machine version 1.4 or newer.
3)Saxon-HE, an open source XSLT/XQuery processor for Java.
4)Command-line utililty ncdump that comes with the netCDF library. The ncdump utility
must be able to produce XML representation (option -x) of a netCDF file's content.
FYI: Other checker available online/offline (CF-Convention compliance checker for netCDF format )
Online: http://cf-pcmdi.llnl.gov/conformance/compliance-checker
Offline (python script): http://pypi.python.org/pypi/cfchecker
Current user: NOAA and JMA (but now we do not use because…)
Bash script: controls the validation
stylesheet: specifically prepared for each GEO-LEO-IR NetCDF
We changed the global attributes in Jul 2013. Maintenance is
necessary to catch up this modification.
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
Contents
16
� Update of JMA GSICS members
� Progress of JMA GRWG activities
• Infrared channel
• Visible channel inter-calibration/vicarious calibration
� Progress of JMA GDWG activities
� Contribution to SCOPE-CM phase2 projects
� Towards Himawari-8/AHI inter-calibration
• VIS/NIR vicarious calibration using Metosat-9/SEVIRI as proxy data
• Observation quality monitoring
� Summary and future plans
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 17
Contribution to SCOPE-CM phase2 projects
� A possible contribution of GSICS to SCOPE-CM phase 2 project with
regard to GEO IR and VIS calibration reprocessing
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
Contents
18
� Update of JMA GSICS members
� Progress of JMA GRWG activities
• Infrared channel
• Visible channel inter-calibration/vicarious calibration
� Progress of JMA GDWG activities
� Contribution to SCOPE-CM phase2 projects
� Towards Himawari-8/AHI inter-calibration
• VIS/NIR vicarious calibration using Metosat-9/SEVIRI as proxy data
• Observation quality monitoring
� Summary and future plans
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
Himawari-8/9: Next generation JMA’s GEO satellites
� “Himawari”: a nickname of JMA’s GEO
satellites, meaning sunflower in Japanese
� JMA will launch Himawari-8 in summer
2014 and begin its operation in 2015. The
launch of Himawari-9 is also planned in
2016.
� AHI (Advanced Himawari Imager) has 16
bands
� 10 minutes for full disk observation, 2.5
minutes around Japan
19
BandCentral
Wavelength[μμμμm]
SpatialResolution
1 0.43 - 0.48 1Km
2 0.50 - 0.52 1Km
3 0.63 - 0.66 0.5Km
4 0.85 - 0.87 1Km
5 1.60 - 1.62 2Km
6 2.25 - 2.27 2Km
7 3.74 - 3.96 2Km
8 6.06 - 6.43 2Km
9 6.89 - 7.01 2Km
10 7.26 - 7.43 2Km
11 8.44 - 8.76 2Km
12 9.54 - 9.72 2Km
13 10.3 - 10.6 2Km
14 11.1- 11.3 2Km
15 12.2 - 12.5 2Km
16 13.2 - 13.4 2Km
●●●●
●●●●: MSG
●●●●
●●●●
●●●●
●●●●
●●●●
●●●●
●●●●
●●●●
●●●●
●●●●
Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI)
BandCentral Wavelength
[μμμμm]Spatial
Resolution
1 0.55 – 0.90 1Km
2 3.50 – 4.00 4Km
3 6.50- 7.00 4Km
4 10.3 – 11.3 4Km
5 11.5 – 12.5 4Km
as of MTSAT-1R/2
Information can be found on: http://mscweb.kishou.go.jp/
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
A Sequence of Himawari-8/9 AHI
Observation in 10 minutes Time Frame
Over Japan (1)
every 2.5 min.
Over Japan (2)
every 2.5 min.
Typhoonmonitoring
every 2.5 min.
Land-mark
extraction (1)
every 30 sec.
Land-mark
extraction (2)
every 30 sec.
A combination of one "Full Disk" and "small sectored” scans in 10 minutes
20
This super-rapidscan (every 30 seconds) mode
will also be used for the lunar observations_
__
__
_
Full Disk Observation
in every 10 min.
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
On-orbit calibration policy of Himawari-8/9
• On-board calibrator – Infrared(3.9um to 13.3um): Blackbody
– Visible/NIR(0.46um to 2.3um): Solar diffuser
• Vicarious calibration– Infrared
• GSICS standard approach (based on hyper-sounder)
• Collocation with GEO
– NIR• Moon
• Ray matching with VIIRS
• RTM (cloud-free bare land)
• RTM (liquid cloud)
– Visible• GSICS standard approach (based on DCC observation)
• Moon
• Ray matching with VIIRS
• RTM (cloud-free bare land)
• RTM (liquid cloud)
• Other approach candidates --> Future work• Simulation on ocean, DCC, sun-glint …
RTM simulationRTM simulation
Deep Convective CloudDeep Convective Cloud
Ray-matching with VIIRSRay-matching with VIIRS
MoonMoon
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 22
preparation monitoring
On-orbit calibration of Himawari-8/9rough schedule
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 23
Metosat-9/SEVIRI observed and simulated reflectivity
sim
ula
tio
n
1.64um0.81um0.635um
BandBandBandBand AHI [um]AHI [um]AHI [um]AHI [um] SEVIRI [um]SEVIRI [um]SEVIRI [um]SEVIRI [um]
1 0.46
2 0.51
3 0.64 0.635
4 0.86 0.81
5 1.6 1.64
6 2.3
7 3.9 3.92
8 6.2 6.25
9 7.0
10 7.3 7.35
11 8.6 8.70
12 9.6 9.66
13 10.4 10.8
14 11.2
15 12.3 12.0
16 13.3 13.4
observation observation observation
Preparation for Himawari-8 AHI calibration
• JMA examined availability of RTM based vicarious calibration approach
using Metosat-9/SEVIRI data as proxy of Himawari-8/AHI data.
• The approach is applicable for NIR (1.6um).
� Regression lines overlaid on all groups of targets in NIR channels as well as
the visible channel.
• The availability is not assessed for 0.46, 0.51 and 2.26 um for Himawari-8
+ ocean
+ land
+ liq.cld.
+ DCC
+ ocean
+ land
+ liq.cld.
+ DCC
+ ocean
+ land
+ liq.cld.
+ DCC
JMA appreciate EUMETSAT for their providing the Meteosat-
9/SEVIRI data.
JMA appreciate EUMETSAT for their providing the Meteosat-
9/SEVIRI data.
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
� MTSAT calibration system on GSICS
• IR:
- Uncertainty evaluation will be finished in 2014
• VIS:
- GSICS correction using DCC will enter the demonstration phase
- Lunar calibration will implement to the JMA calibration system
- RTM based vicarious calibration will continue collaboration research with the Univ.
of Tokyo
� SCOPE-CM phase2 projects
• Join discussions and re-calibrate GEO data for IOGEO, LAGS and ISCCP projects
� Himawari-8/9 (AHI)
• Preparation for operational inter/vicarious calibration system
• Information of GSICS correction will be included in NRT distribution
24
Summary and future plans
We would like to proceed cooperatively with the GSICS colleagues!
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 25
Backup Slides
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 26
Observation quality monitoring
Prototype of calibration change alert derived from MTSAT-2 vs. IASI NRTC Correction
Diurnal variation of TB biases derived from GEO-LEO IR collocation
data
ΔT
B
[K]
ΔT
B [
K]
ΔT
B
[K]
ΔT
B [
K]
10.8 [μm]
12.0 [μm]
10.8 [μm]
12.0 [μm]
• Calibration change alert discussed in the June 2013 web meeting
• Diurnal variation of TB biases discussed in the paste F2F/web meetings
• Bias monitoring using global/regional NWP is under development
• GEO-GEO inter-comparison will also be carried out, if data are available in JMA
MTSAT-2 against Metop-A/IASI Aqua/AIRS
MTSAT-2 against Metop-A/IASI Aqua/AIRS
in collaboration with Mr. Peter Miu
Soft limit
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
Predicted SRFs (Spectral Response Function) of AHI
27
Himawari-8
MTSAT-2
Available on http://mscweb.kishou.go.jp/himawari89/space_segment/srf_201206/AHI_SpectralResponsivity.zip
VIS
NIR
LWIR
SWIR
MWIR
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014
NRT (Near Real Time) distribution with GSICS Information
Action EP-12.05: “Each GPRC to consider implementing the near real time
distribution of both the operational calibration information and the
corrected calibration information, as part of the L1 data formats”
For MTSAT:
Difficult to include it due to big impacts on users
For Himawari-8/-9:
Now under consideration (will be announced in a few month)
� Correction coefficients against one reference sensor� Window period to be used in a regression
� Ancillary information (text block)
�Calibration method, reference sensor name, …
Tentative plan of calibration information included in Himawari-8/-9 NRT
data(The information will be valid when GSICS Correction enters Operational-phase)
28
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 29
Function enhancement of the bias plotting tool
� Do we support new GSICS products such as GEO-LEO VIS (DCC) and MW
FCDR if the GRWG require?
� Can we link the calibration alerts to the plotting tool?
• E.g., time series of TB biases are visualized when users clicked the
hyperlink in the calibration alert email (or RSS feed)
� As for current supported products (i.e., GEO-LEO IR), NOAA’s products are
not to be integrated (reported by Aleksandar in July 2013 EP meeting).
• How’s the progress?
� Will CMA THREDDS server also integrate to them?
This tool is very useful and convenient for both of users and developers!
•For users: monitoring what they want, easy comparison of all satellite’s
observation quality
•For developers: reduction of costs creating lots of figures, easy detection of
the product anomaly by changing data period, monitored temperature, …
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 30
Re-calibration of historical satellites:
GMS-5 visible channel re-calibration before 2000
� GMS-5: operated from June 1995 to May 2003
� Developed vicarious calibration technique cannot be directly applied
before 2000 due to a lack of MODIS data
• Solution: Use of constant/climatological value for optical parameters
� Preliminary results:
• show similar tendency, but difference of slope magnitude and some spikes
• can be useful for comparison with other re-calibration methods
Observed reflectivity
w/ MODIS
Sep. 2000
Detector-2
y = 1.241x – 0.0082
DCC
Cloud
Land
Sea
w/o MODIS,
w/ climatological aerosol
Sep. 2000
Detector-2
y = 1.0885 x – 0.0039
Sim
ula
ted
re
fle
ctiv
ity
DCC
Sea
Observed reflectivity 1999 2000
Time series of regression coefficient: slope(monthly mean for detector-2)
GSICS Executive panel : Guangzhou, China, May 16, 2014 31
Towards demonstration-phase …
� GSICS Correction (NetCDF) filename/contents
• Will be proposed in the Wednesday’s GRWG VIS session by Sebastien
and will be checked in the GDWG breakout session
� Product type:
• E.g., Re-Analysis Correction (RAC) and Near Real Time Correction
(NRTC) for GEO-LEO IR product
• Should we produce the same kinds of products as the IR correction?
Time series of MTSAT-2 DCC digital counts statistics (mode/mean)
Monthly average
30-day rolling average
on a daily basis