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Forest Carbon Partnership Facility

Status of the REDD Readiness process in the Democratic Republic of Congo

André Aquino, AFTEN

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Forests in DRC - Basic data

• 155 million hectares (ha) of forests (different types).

• Carbon stock: 105-140 Gt of CO2 (3 years of global anthropogenic GHG emissions at current rates).

• Historical rates of deforestation varied between 0.2% and 0.3% over the past 20 years – Low compared to the global average - 0.6% …

– … but high in absolute terms: 395.000 ha annually between 2005 and 2010 (OSFAC-FACET)

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Overall status of REDD Readiness in DRC

• Process led by the Ministry of the Environment. Officially started in January 2009

• R-PP approved in March 2010 (FCPF & UN-REDD)

• R-PP under implementation. Overall budget: USD22 million: FCPF (USD3.4 million), UN-REDD (USD5.5 million). New sources under identification (request for USD9 million from Australia prepared)

• Investments on the ground– 7 pilot REDD projects with support from the Congo Basin Forest Fund (16 million Euros)

– Forest Investment Program (USD 60 million)

– Carbon transactions led by private companies (ERA, Jadora, CI/ Disney)

• Other initiatives related to REDD+– REDD higher in the national policy agenda (High Level Conference on REDD, September 2011)

– Joint Declaration on REDD+ by Donors and Congo Basin countries at Durban conference

– Emission Reduction program Idea Note (ER-PIN): 40 million USD ER-Program over 10 years in the Bolobo and Kwamouth Territoiries of Bandundu Province. Synergies between FCPF, readiness Fund, FIP and FCPF Carbon Fund

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Institutional Arrangements

• National REDD Coordination

– Fully operational with MECNT staff, ntl and intl consultants (funding from WB, UNDP and UNEP)

– Provincial-level REDD focal points (procurement in process)

• National REDD Committee and REDD Interministerial committee– Emerging roles: Vet the national REDD strategy, the FIP Investment Plan,

approve REDD+ transactions

– Full operationalization has been a major challenge (despite incentives to participation of members) + continued capacity building necessary

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Consultations and Communication

• Consultations ongoing throughout the process– All major studies entail in-depth consultations at national and local levels

– Strategic partnerships with major national CSO networks

– Still more work to do with private sector (once message is clearer!)

• Production of material– Various materials distributed in national and international events

– Website under preparation - http://kmp.clients.codepositive.com/fr

– Radio programs

• Second REDD University– 300 participants over 10 days

• Challenges at the Coordination level– HR management (new Coordinator for the Component being hired)

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REDD+ Strategy

• Study on Drivers of Deforestation and Forest Degradation completed– Remote sensing (UCL) + Ground truthing (FAO)

• 30 working groups reflecting on the strategic options

– Performance across WGs has varied a lot in function of leadership

• Economic analysis of REDD options in 2012

– Training on REDD+ cost analysis with WBI support

• Political Economy Analysis of REDD in DRC

– Collaboration with PREM (GAC TF)

– Institutional and sectoral issues (biomass and community forestry) addressed

• SESA and ESMF

– Firm hired (AGRECO) to lead work alongside National REDD Coordination

– National Committee on Social and Environmental Risks and Co-benefits operational

– National social and environmental standards on REDD+ prepared after a participatory process 6


Study on causes of deforestation and forest degradation (Ex. North Kivu)

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Territoire de Walikale

Causes de la Déf et Dégrad :

- Exploitation minière artisanale à

grande échelle

- Exploitation artisanale de bois (bois

d’œuvre)

- Agriculture vivrière itinérante sur

brulis

- Coupage de liane

- Carbonisation (charbon de bois)

- Bois de chauffe

Territoire de Beni



d’œuvre)

- Agriculture itinérante sur brulis

- Agriculture sur brûlis

- Agriculture pérenne (caféier,

riziculture

- Scierie


- Bois de chauffe

Territoire de Lubero


- Agriculture itinérante sur brulis

- Pâturage /Elevage

- Agriculture sur brûlis


d’œuvre)

- Feu de brousse

- Fumage des poissons /pêcherie


- Bois de chauffe

Territoire de Rutchuru



- Agriculture itinérante sur brûlis


d’œuvre)


- Bois de chauffe

Territoire de Masisi


- Pâturage /Elevage


dans le PNVi

- Exploitation artisanale et anarchique

de bois

- scierie

- feu de brousse exagéré


Territoire de Nyiragongo



dans le PNVi


d’œuvre)


brulis

- Bois de chauffe


National Social and Environmental Standards for REDD+ in DRC

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Principe 1 : Les projets/initiatives REDD+ protègent les forêts naturelles existantes contre

la déforestation, la dégradation ou la conversion à d’autres usages éventuels, notamment

en plantations forestières ou agricoles, exploitations minières, pétrolières ou industrielles.

CRITERES INDICATEURS

1.1. Les projets/initiatives REDD+ comportent une planification à petite et moyenne échelle pour toute forme d’usage dans sa zone de mise en œuvre et/ou d’influence, pendant toute sa durée.

1.1.1. Plan d’aménagement géo référencié ;

1.1.2. Indication d’affectation des parcelles définies sur le plan ;

1.1.3. Résultats des inventaires d’aménagement périodique dans la zone de mise en œuvre et/ou d’influence du Projet/initiative.

1.2. Les projets/initiatives REDD+ mettent en place des mécanismes pour éviter la conversion des forêts naturelles à d’autres usages.

1.2.1. La note de projet/initiative détaillant le plan de permanence ;

1.2.2. Rapport de suivi de la permanence des forêts naturelles.


Implementation Framework

• Legislation on carbon transactions adopted– Creation of a national registry for REDD projects and initiatives

(transparency, support business environment, synergies, env integrity)

– Regulations approved by REDD Committee, to be signed into an Arrêté

– Establishment of a model contract for REDD projects

• Funds management– DRC is opting for the creation of an independent REDD fund

– Detailed study to be launched soon (firm under selection)

– UNDP has suggested to the Government the creation of a MDTF as an interim measure to channel potential new funding

• Benefit sharing– Background paper + further national discussions + regulations by Gov.

– WB preparing a note on the DRC process

• Study on overall legislation for REDD+ to be launched (UNEP) 9


Registry

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Diagram of project approval

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MRV

• FAO / INPE partnership led to the development of the “DRC Forest Monitoring Platform”

• Capacity building continues. Long way.

• Institutional issues are challenging (who is responsible, with what resources, sustainability, etc.)

http://unredd.geo-solutions.it/

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Reference Scenario

• National Householder Survey– Data on household consumption of forest-related products and

agriculture needs

• Exercise de Scenarios building– Forge a national « vision » for REDD

– Preparation of development scenarii for the next 25 years (in line with the Congo 2035 Vision). Qualitative and then modeling.

– 4 scenarii based on two variables: Governance (more or less) and valuation of environmental services (yes/ no)

– Green growth Scenario – takes into account REDD+

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Reference Scenario

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Emission Reductions Program

• 629,000ha of forest of which 373,000ha primary forests in 2010 (OSFAC-FACET)

• Deforestation rate around 1% (loss of 83,000ha over the period 2000-2010)

• Preliminary estimates suggest potential annual emissions reductions of around 2,5 MtCO2

• Integrated Development Approach– Enabling Activities: Land use planning, support to CBNRM, support to

increasing land tenure security

– Sectoral activities: biomass energy, alternatives to slash and burn agriculture

• Institutional arrangements:– Partnership between Government (national and provincial), WWF,

NOVACELL, local NGOs, churches15


Emission Reductions Program

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Major challenges to the REDD Readiness process

• Achieving REDD+ Readiness– How will it be defined? (Readiness Package). Bar set too high?

– It will depend strongly on Readiness also includes progress in the overall governance framework (land tenure, rights clarification, etc.)

• Link between REDD+ and the overall governance framework– Policy / institutional reforms linked to REDD have been very slow

– Slow progress on issues such as community rights clarification (community forests law not adopted yet), land tenure securitization, land use planning

• Financial needs for REDD Readiness– Budget for overall Readiness process not fully identified, but promising options

– Donor coordination still challenging (especially on MRV, where many parallel initiatives are ongoing)

• REDD+ - Intersect oral coordination and future threats to forest cover– How to deal with increasing pressure on forests, especially from commercial agriculture, but also

mining and even oil (Virunga). Mechanisms for intersectoral coordination still weak.

– Will REDD+ generate a stream of revenues that can reorient the development path in DRC towards sustainable use of the forests? (Green Growth Scenario)

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www.forestcarbonpartnership.org

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Thank you!


http://www.forestcarbonpartnership.org/

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