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Status of the Proton Accelerator Program in Korea- Focused on KOMAC Facility -

2019. 7. 9.

Ky Kim

KOMAC / KAERI

KAIST-KAIX Workshop for Future Particle Accelerators, July 9, 2019, KAIST, Korea

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KAERI HQ (Daejeon) 20-MW RR Hanaro (1995~)

KAERI-KOMAC (Gyeongju) 100-MeV Proton Linac (2013~)

New RR (Busan) 20-MW RR (2019~)KAERI-ARTI (Jungup)

30-MeV Cyclotron (2014~)

Overview: KAERI

Nuclear R&D Institute (Power & Radiation Applications) established in1959Located in 3 sites : HQ(Daejeon, 1980), ARTI(Jungup, 2005), KOMAC(Gyeongju, 2013)

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Located on Miraero (road to the future), Gyeongju (a historic city)

KOMAC Site

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History (1)

Feasibility Studies & Proposals to have a Multi-purpose 1-GeV Proton Linac ADS : Accelerator Driven Subcritical System(Reactor) – an Energy Amplifier ATW : Accelerator Transmutation of Waste – a Spent Fuel Burner SNS : Spallation Neutron Source – a Neutron Science Facility※ Project Cost : 1.2B $US (R&D budget of ROK in 1999 : ~2.8B $US)

1991 ~ 1999 : Dreaming to build a 1-GeV, MW-class Proton Accelerator - KOMAC

Schematics of KOMAC 1-GeV Proton Linac

※ KOMAC : KOrea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex

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History (2)

Nominated as a candidate of Korean 21C Frontier Projects (2000) 250-MeV Proton Linac: Proton & Neutron SourcesApproved as a 21C Frontier Project (2002) : Proton Engineering Frontier Project Goal: 100-MeV, 20-mA Proton Linac - Proton & Neutron Sources, RI production, etc. Budget: ~300M $US (Gov. 180M, Gyeongju120M)

2000 ~ 2002 : Launching a project to build a 100-MeV proton linac - PEFP

PEFP 100-MeV, 20-mA Proton Linac

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KOMAC 100-MeV Proton Linac [1]

2002~2012: Building the KOMAC 100-MeV Linac

RF System Modulators: -105kV, 50A, 5.8 MW, 10% Klystrons: 350 MHz, 1.6 MW, 9% RCCS, Circulators, RF windows, RF power couplers

DTL107100MeV

DTL10691.7MeV

DTL10580.4MeV

DTL10469.1MeV

DTL10357.1MeV

DTL10245.3MeV

DTL10133.1MeV

MEBT

DTL2420.0MeV

DTL2315.8MeV

DTL2211.5MeV

DTL217.2MeV

RFQ3MeV

LEBT Ion Source50keV

M04 M03 M02 M01

K03K20K101K102K103K104K105K106K107

RCCS107 RCCS106 RCCS105 RCCS104 RCCS103 RCCS102 RCCS101 RCCS24 RCCS23 RCCS22 RCCS21 RCCS03

Accelerator Body IS: 2.45 GHz Magnetron, 50 keV, 20 mA, 2 ms RFQ: 4-vane, 50keV ~ 3MeV, 20 mA, 350 MHz DTL: 3~100 MeV, 20mA, 24%/8% , 350 MHz

DTLIon Source RFQ Modulator Klystron RCCS

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Commissioned and Started User Service in July 2013

KOMAC 100-MeV Proton Linac [2]

Extraction Energy (MeV) 20 100Peak Beam Current (mA) 20Max. Beam Duty (%) 24 8Avg. Beam Current (mA) 4.8 1.6Pulse Length (ms) 2.0 1.33Max. Repetition Rate (Hz) 120 60Max. Avg. Beam Power (kW) 96 160

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Beam Irradiation Chamber Beam profile at the target

Beamlines (1)

Applications : Materials, Nano-device, Semiconductor, etc.Beam characteristics Energy: 20 MeV, 33~100 MeV, Beam power : 10 kW @ 100 MeV (~1014 pps)

General-purpose Beamlines - TR23 & TR103 : In Service (2013~)

Beam window

Proton beam

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RI Production Facility

Beamlines (2)

Applications : Medical Radioisotope production – Cu-67, Ge-68, Sr-82, Ac-225, etc.Beam characteristics Energy: 33~100 MeV, Beam power : 30 kW @ 100 MeV (~1014 pps)

RI Production Beamline - TR101 : In Operation (2016~)

natRb(p,x)82Sr(511 keV, 776 keV gamma from 82Sr Decay)

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Beam Irradiation Target Room Beam profile at the target

Beamlines (3)

Applications: Space/Natural radiation effects, Biological effects, Detector R&D, etc.Beam characteristics Energy: 33~100 MeV, Flux: 1×105 ~ 1×108/cm2/pulse, Uniformity < 5% over 100 mmϕ

Low-flux Beamline - TR102 : In Service (2018~)

Accelerator Octupole Doublet Collimator

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Year 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Sum

Operation hours 2,290 2,863 2,948 2,961 3,231 3,038 17,331

Unplanned Downtime 412 392 280 151 164 134 1,534

Machine Availability 82.0% 86.3 % 90.5% 94.9% 94.9% 95.6% 91.1%

Machine Availability: Stabilized to ~95% Downtime: Utility, IS, RF, Vacuum fails

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Operation Statistics (2013~2018)

Operation Stat. of 100-MeV Proton Linac (1)

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Utilization Fields: Materials(31.9%), Bio-Life(25.9%), Space/Basic(19.5%) etc.

KOPUA: Korea Proton Beam User Association (Self-organized user network) PAC(Program Advisory Committee): Review proposals & Allocate beamtime

User’s Institution

User Services (2013~2018)

Operation Stat. of 100-MeV Proton Linac (2)

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On-going Activities [1-1]

Pulse neutron measurement

Pulsed Neutron Source (1) : Temporary PNS in the Acc. tunnel

Applications : Space/Natural radiation effects, Materials ScienceBeam characteristics Proton : Energy 100 MeV, Beam power 1 kW @ 100 MeV Neutron : ~1013 pps, W Target → To Reproduce Terrestrial Neutron Spectrum

Beam Dump(Neutron Production Target)

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On-going Activities [1-2]

Pulse Neutron Spectra with Diff. Proton Energy

Pulsed Neutron Source (2) : Energy Upgrade to 160 or 200 MeV

Terrestrial Neutron Spectrum

To meet the user demands with more realistic neutron spectra & increased acceleration factors

R&D activities for energy upgrade: SFR cavities

β=0.42, 700 MHz Elliptical Cavity Cold Test result

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On-going Activities [2]

8Li production rate calculated by FLUKA

Li-8 β-NMR Spectrometer

Applications : Materials ScienceBeam characteristics Proton : Energy 100 MeV, Beam power 1 kW @ 100 MeV Li-8 : 1×108 pps, BeO Target (small ISOL target)

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On-going Activities [3]

Single pulse extraction (present: 150 ns)EBIS-SC Test Stand

Short-Pulse Injector : 7T SC EBIS – to be installed this year

2nd Ion Source of KOMAC 100-MeV linac to drive a short pulsed neutron source

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On-going Activities [4]

Development of a 1 MeV/n RFQ

Applications: Heavy ion irradiations, neutron source, etc.Specifications Ions: D, He, … Xe, Beam Energy: 1 MeV/n, Beam current: 1 mA RF: 200 MHz, SSA

Schematics of 1-MeV/n RFQ Under installation

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Neutron Source: Materials, Bio-life, Energy, Environment, etc. Long Pulse (1.3 ms): Spatial resolution: μm~nm, Temporal resolution: μs~ns SANS, Holography, Phase shift interferometry, Static & Dynamic tomography, Spin echo, etc. Short Pulse (~μs): Spatial resolution: 0.01~10 nm, Temporal resolution: ns~fs Elastic scattering, Diffraction, PGAA, Neutron resonance transmission, Neutron resonance capture analysis,

Neutron spectroscopy, Neutron stimulated emission CT, etc.Muon Source: Materials, High Energy Physics, Nuclear engineering, etc.Neutrino Source: High Energy Physics

Upgrade Plan1 GeV, 2 MW SRF Linac

Long PulseNeutron Source

Short PulseNeutron Source

Acc.Ring

Included in a National Facility Road Map (2012)• 1 GeV, 2 MW SRF Linac + Pulsed Neutron Sources (LP + SP)

Dream to have a GeV-class Facility

Upgrade to 1-GeV, 2-MW proton linac, two pulsed neutron sources Included in National Large Research Facility Road Map (2010 & 2012)

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Collaborations

ISIS PSI

GANILEIHEP

KEK/J-PARC LANLBNL

ORNL

TRIUMFESS

LANL(USA) : RFQ, DTL, etc.BNL(USA) : Ion Source, Magnets, etc.ORNL(USA) : HP Modulator, SRF etc.KEK/J-PARC(Japan): RFQ, DTL etc.IHEP(China) : CSNS, Magnets, etc. GANIEL(France) : Shielding, etc.PSI(Swiss) : Targets, etc.ISIS(UK) : Ion Source, etc.TRIUMF(Canada) : RI, Secondary Particles, etc.

CSNS

International Partners around the World

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Summary

Operation of 100-MeV proton linac Machine availability : ~95% User service : with 3 beamlines

Near/Mid-term plan Pulsed-neutron source (with energy upgrade to 200 MeV) 8Li-based β-NMR spectrometer Short pulse injector 1 MeV/n RFQ

Dream to have 1-GeV linac R&D on SFR, MW target, etc.

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Thank you.

슬라이드 번호 1Overview: KAERIKOMAC SiteHistory (1)History (2)KOMAC 100-MeV Proton Linac [1]�KOMAC 100-MeV Proton Linac [2]�Beamlines (1)Beamlines (2)Beamlines (3)Operation Stat. of 100-MeV Proton Linac (1)Operation Stat. of 100-MeV Proton Linac (2)On-going Activities [1-1]On-going Activities [1-2]On-going Activities [2]On-going Activities [3]On-going Activities [4]Dream to have a GeV-class FacilityCollaborationsSummary슬라이드 번호 21