status of the geoscience workforce
DESCRIPTION
2009. Status of the Geoscience Workforce. Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2009. Chapter 1: K-12 through Community College. Note: Only states that reported values for all time periods are shown. Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2009. Chapter 2: Four-Year Colleges and Universities. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Status of the Geoscience Workforce
2009
Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2009
Chapter 1: K-12 through Community College
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1990 1996 2000 2002 2004
Percent of Grade 7-8 StudentsTaking Selected Science Courses
(1990-2004)
General Science
Life Science
Earth Science
Physical Science
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
AR CA ID IN LA MN MO MS ND NE NM OH OK SD TX UT WI WV
Percent of Grade 9 Students Enrolled in Earth Science(1996-2004)
1996-1997
1997-1998
1999-2000
2003-2004
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's National Status Report on K-12 Earth Science Education, 2002, 2007
Note: Only states that reported values for all time periods are shown.
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
1982 1987 1990 1994 1998 2000 2005
Percentage of U.S. High School Graduates Taking Science Courses in High School
(1982-2005)
Biology (1 yr) Chemistry (1 yr)
Physics (1 yr) Geology / Earth Science (1 semester)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NCES, Digest of Education Statistics, 2007
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
1990 2000 2002 2004 2006
Number of U.S. High School Science Teachers (1990-2006)
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
Earth Science
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1990-2000 2000-2002 2002-2004 2004-2006 1990-2006
Percent Change in U.S. High School Science Teachers(1990-2006)
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
Earth Science
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001,2003, 2005, 2007
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1990 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006
Percent of High School Teachers Certified in Assigned Field (1990-2006)
Biology
Chemistry
Physics
Earth Science
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program data derived from the CCSSO, State Indicators of Science and Mathematics, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2007
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Percent of SAT Test Takers with Course Work or Experience in Selected Sciences
(1996-2007)
Biology Chemistry Physics Geology, Earth, or Space Science
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2005
460
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Mean Verbal SAT Scores for Test-takers with Course Work or Experience in Selected Sciences
(1996-2007)
Biology ChemistryPhysics Geology, Earth, or Space ScienceAll Test Takers
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2005
470
480
490
500
510
520
530
540
550
560
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Mean Math SAT Scores for Test-takers with Course Work or Experience in Selected Sciences
(1996-2007)
Biology ChemistryPhysics Geology, Earth, or Space ScienceAll Test Takers
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2005
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Intended Degree Level of SAT Test-takers (2000-2007)
Certificate
Associate
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctoral
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 2000-2007
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Number of SAT Test Takers Intending a College Degree in Interdisciplinary or Physical Science
(1996-2007)
Physical Science
Interdisciplinary Science
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2007
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Mean Verbal Scores for SAT Test-takers Planning a College Degree in Interdisciplinary or Physical Sciences
(1996-2007)
Interdisciplinary Science Physical Science All Test Takers
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2005
460
480
500
520
540
560
580
600
620
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Mean Math Scores for SAT Test-takers Planning a College Degree in Interdisciplinary or Physical Sciences
(1996-2007)
Interdisciplinary Science Physical Science All Test Takers
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the College Board College-Bound Seniors, Total Group Report, 1996-2005
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
20,000,00019
6319
6519
6719
6919
7119
7319
7519
7719
7919
8119
8319
8519
8719
8919
9119
9319
9519
9719
9920
0120
0320
05
Num
ber
of S
tude
nts
Total Fall Enrollments in Credit Courses at Post-Secondary Institutions
(1963 - 2006)
4-Year
2-Year
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NCES, Digest of Education Statistics, 2007
145
12 12
20
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
General Programs Technology / Technician Programs
Geoscience Engineering
Number of Community College Programs in Geoscience Disciplines
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from ies NCES College Navigator
(Physical Science, Environmental
Science, Natural Science)
(Metallurgical,Petroleum, Physical
Science)
(Earth Science / Geology,
Paleontology, Oceanography,
Atmospheric Science, Hydrology)
(Mining, Mineral,
Petroleum)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
Geoscience Associate Degrees byType of Program(1984-2006)
Total Number of Degrees in Geoscience Disciplines
General Geoscience (%)
Geoscience Technology (%)
Core Geoscience (%)
Geoscience Engineering (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from IPEDS
Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2009
Chapter 2: Four-Year Colleges and Universities
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Num
ber o
f Fac
ulty
Num
ber o
f Stu
dent
sMean Department Size by Faculty and by Students
(1994-2007)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments and 2003 Report on the Status of Academic Geoscience Departments, Katz, B.J., 2003.
Faculty
Students
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Num
ber
of A
ttend
ees
Total U.S. Field Camp Attendance(1998-2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by Dr. Penny Morton, UMN-Duluth
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700M
ITX WA
CA
MN IL IN OH
OK WI
ID NY
PA
SD
CO
NM OR
MO AR IA FL WY
MT
KS UT
NC
WV
MA
GA AL
KY TN AK AZ
VA
Num
ber
of A
ttend
ees
State
U.S. Field Camp Attendance by State(1998-2008)
1998-2003
2004-2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by Dr. Penny Morton, UMN-Duluth
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
2,000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Num
ber
of A
ttend
ees
U.S. Field Camp Attendance by Region(1998-2008)
Northeast
South
Midwest
West
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by Dr. Penny Morton, UMN-Duluth
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Per
cent
of T
otal
Atte
ndee
sPercent of U.S. Field Camp Attendance by Region
(1998-2008)
Midwest
West
South
Northeast
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by Dr. Penny Morton, UMN-Duluth
Non-tenure track 14%
Emeritus 12%
Full professors
38%
Assistant professors
19%
Associate professors
17%
Percentage of Geoscience Faculty by Rank (2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
<36 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76+
Nu
mb
er o
f F
acu
lty
Age Group
Number of Geoscience Faculty per Age Group and Rank(2008)
Faculty Counts Emeritus Professor Associate Professor Assistant Professor
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
<36 36-40 41-45 46-50 51-55 56-60 61-65 66-70 71-75 76+
Perc
enta
ge o
f Age
Gro
up
Age Group
Geoscience Faculty Rank Percentage per Age Group(2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Full professors
Associate professors
Assistant professors
Non-tenure track
Emeritus
Per
cen
tag
e o
f F
acu
lty
Percentage of Female Geoscience Faculty by Rank (2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Per
cen
t o
f G
eosc
ien
ce J
ou
rnal
Pu
bli
cati
on
sGeoscience Journal Publications by Topic
(1970-2006)
Total Number of Geology Publications Geology Interdisciplinary OceanographyEngineering
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI GeoRef database
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Per
cen
t of
Geo
scie
nce
Fac
ulty
Geoscience Faculty Specialties(1999-2008)
1999
2006
2007
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Midwest Northeast South West
Per
cent
of F
acul
ty in
Geo
scie
nce
Dis
cipl
ine
Faculty Specialties by Region(1999-2008)
GEOLOGY (1999)
GEOLOGY (2008)
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY (1999)
ECONOMIC GEOLOGY (2008)
GEOCHEMISTRY (1999)
GEOCHEMISTRY (2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Midwest Northeast South West
Per
cent
of F
acul
ty in
Geo
scie
nce
Dis
cipl
ine
Faculty Specialties by Region(1999-2008)
GEOPHYSICS (1999)
GEOPHYSICS (2008)
PALEONTOLOGY (1999)
PALEONTOLOGY (2008)
HYDROLOGY (1999)
HYDROLOGY (2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Midwest Northeast South West
Per
cent
of F
acul
ty in
Geo
scie
nce
Dis
cipl
ine
Faculty Specialties by Region(1999-2008)
SOIL SCIENCE (1999)
SOIL SCIENCE (2008)
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY (1999)
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY (2008)
OCEANOGRAPHY (1999)
OCEANOGRAPHY (2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Midwest Northeast South West
Per
cent
of F
acul
ty in
Geo
scie
nce
Dis
cipl
ine
Faculty Specialties by Region(1999-2008)
PLANETOLOGY (1999)
PLANETOLOGY (2008)
OTHER (1999)
OTHER (2008)
NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED (1999)
NOT ELSEWHERE CLASSIFIED (2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Per
cen
t of
Fac
ulty
in D
isci
plin
eFaculty Specialties within Geology
(1999-2008)
1999
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
General Economic Geology
Metals Coal Oil and Gas Non-Metals
Per
cen
t of
Fac
ulty
in D
isci
plin
eFaculty Specialties within Economic Geology
(1999-2008)
1999
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Per
cen
t of
Fac
ulty
in D
isci
plin
eFaculty Specialties within Geochemistry
(1999-2008)
1999
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Per
cen
t of
Fac
ulty
in D
isci
plin
eFaculty Specialties within Geophysics
(1999-2008)
1999
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%2%4%6%8%
10%12%14%16%18%20%
Per
cen
t of
Fac
ulty
in D
isci
plin
e
Faculty Specialties within Paleontology(1999-2008)
1999
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Per
cen
t of
Fac
ulty
in D
isci
plin
eFaculty Specialties within Hydrology
(1999-2008)
1999
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%P
erce
nt o
f Fac
ulty
in
Dis
cipl
ine
Faculty Specialties within Soil Science(1999-2008)
1999
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
General Engineering
Geology
Rock Mechanics
Mining Engineering
Petroleum Engineering
Mining Tech/Extractive
Metallurgy
Earthquake Engineering
Per
cen
t of
Fac
ulty
in D
isci
plin
eFaculty Specialties within Engineering Geology
(1999-2008)
1999
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Biological Oceanography
Physical Oceanography
Chemical Oceanography
Geological Oceanography
Shore and Nearshore Processes
General Oceanography
Per
cen
t of
Fac
ulty
in D
isci
plin
eFaculty Specialties within Oceanography
(1999-2008)
1999
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Extraterrestrial Geology
Extraterrestrial Geophysics
Meteorites & Tektites Cosmochemistry
Per
cen
t of
Fac
ulty
in D
isci
plin
eFaculty Specialties within Planetology
(1999-2008)
1999
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%P
erce
nt o
f Fac
ulty
in D
isci
plin
eFaculty Specialties within Other Geosciences
(1999-2008)
1999
2008
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,00019
5519
5719
5919
6119
6319
6519
6719
6919
7119
7319
7519
7719
7919
8119
8319
8519
8719
8919
9119
9319
9519
9719
9920
0120
0320
0520
07
Stu
den
ts
U.S. Geoscience Enrollments(1955-2007)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments
Undergraduate
Graduate
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
8,000
Deg
rees
Aw
arde
dU.S. Geoscience Degrees Granted
(1973-2007)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments
Bachelor's
Doctorate
Master's
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Per
cen
tag
esPercentage of Geoscience Degrees Conferred to Women
(1990-2007)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workfoce Program
Bachelor's
Master's
Doctoral
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
5.0%
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Underrepresented Minority Enrollments in Undergraduate Geoscience Programs
(1993-2004)
Native American/ Alaskan Native
Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS S&E Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
5.0%
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Underrepresented Minority Enrollments in Graduate Geoscience Programs
(1993-2004)
American Indian / Alaskan Native
Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS S&E Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
All Science & Engineering
Biological sciences
Computer sciences
Earth, atmospheric,
and ocean sciences
Mathematical sciences
Chemistry Physics Psychology Social sciences
Engineering
Percent of Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities in Science & Engineering Fields(1995-2004)
Bachelor's
Master's
Ph.D.'s
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Science and Engineering Degrees, by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
7.0%
1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Geoscience Bachelor's Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities
(1995-2004)
American Indian / Alaskan Native
Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS S&E Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004
0.0%
0.5%
1.0%
1.5%
2.0%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
4.5%
5.0%
1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Geoscience Master's Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities
(1995-2004)
American Indian / Alaskan Native
Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS S&E Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004
0.0%
1.0%
2.0%
3.0%
4.0%
5.0%
6.0%
1995 1996 1997 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Geoscience Doctoral Degrees Conferred to Underrepresented Minorities
(1995-2004)
American Indian / Alaskan Native
Hispanic
Black, non-Hispanic
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS S&E Degrees by Race/Ethnicity of Recipients: 1995-2004
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%19
73
197
419
75
197
619
77
197
819
79
198
019
81
198
219
83
198
419
85
198
619
87
198
819
89
199
019
91
199
219
93
199
419
95
199
619
97
199
819
99
200
020
01
200
220
03
200
420
05
200
620
07
Pri
ce o
f O
il ($
/bar
rel)
adju
ste
d to
20
07
Co
mp
letio
n R
ate
of
Ge
os
cien
ce D
egre
es
Geoscience Degree Completion Rates and the Price of Oil(1973-2007)
Bachelor's Master's Ph.D. Oil ($USD / barrel)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments, and http://inflationdata.com/inflation/Inflation_Rate/Historical_Oil_Prices_Table.asp
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Geosciences Other Sciences & Math
Engineering Other Business
Per
cent
of S
tude
nts
Bachelor's Degree Fields of Terminal Geoscience Master's and Doctoral Degree Recipients
(2003)
Master's
Ph.D.
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS NSCG, 2003
Geosciences 11%
Other Sciences & Math 13%
Engineering 19%
Business 22%
Other 35%
Second Master's Degree Field of those who also have a Geoscience Master's Degree
(2003)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS NSCG, 2003
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%19
70
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Per
cen
t o
f G
eosc
ien
ce T
hes
esGeoscience Master's Theses by Topic
(1970-2006)
Total Number of Theses
Geology
Interdisciplinary
Oceanography
Engineering
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's GeoRef database
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%19
70
1972
1974
1976
1978
1980
1982
1984
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
Per
cent
of G
eosc
ienc
e D
isse
rtat
ions
Geoscience Dissertations by Topic (1970-2006)
Total Number of DissertationsGeology
Interdisciplinary
Oceanography
Engineering geology
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI's GeoRef database
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Percent of Total Federal Research Funding Applied to the Geosciences(1970-2007)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%19
7319
7419
7519
7619
7719
7819
7919
8019
8119
8219
8319
8419
8519
8619
8719
8819
8919
9019
9119
9219
9319
9419
9519
9619
9719
9819
9920
0020
0120
0220
0320
0420
05
Mill
ion
s ($
US
D)
Per
cen
t of
Geo
scie
nce
Fu
nd
ing
Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline from Selected Federal Agencies
(1973-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%) Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Mill
ions
($US
D)
Perc
ent o
f Geo
scie
nce
Fund
ing
Department of Agriculture Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline
(1973-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD)
Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%)
Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Mill
ions
($US
D)
Perc
ent o
f Geo
scie
nce
Fund
ing
Department of Defense Percent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline
(1973-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD)
Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%)
Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Mill
ions
($U
SD
)
Per
cent
of G
eosc
ienc
e Fu
ndin
g
Department of EnergyPercent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline
(1973-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD)
Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%)
Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160
$180
$200
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Mill
ions
($U
SD
)
Per
cent
of G
eosc
ienc
e Fu
ndin
g
NASAPercent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline
(1973-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD)
Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%)
Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$400
$450
$500
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Mill
ions
($U
SD
)
Per
cent
of G
eosc
ienc
e Fu
ndin
g
National Science FoundationPercent of University Geoscience Research Funding per sub-discipline
(1973-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD)
Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%)
Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF/SRS Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Funding of Earth Science NSF Proposals(1999-2007)
Number of Proposals
Number of Awards
Funding Rate (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends
$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$100,000
$120,000
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Median Annual Size of Earth Science NSF Awards
(1999-2007)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends
$0
$2,500,000
$5,000,000
$7,500,000
$10,000,000
$12,500,000
$15,000,000
$17,500,000
$20,000,000
$22,500,000
$25,000,000
$27,500,000
$30,000,000
Median Annual Funding of Earth Science NSF Awards (1999-2007)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Nu
mb
er o
f Ear
th S
cien
ce P
rop
osa
ls
Percent of Total NSF Earth Science Proposals by State(1999-2007)
Proposals (#)
California
New York
Massachusetts
Arizona
Minnesota
Illinois
Colorado
Texas
PennsylvaniaSource: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
22%
24%
26%
28%
30%
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Mill
ion
s o
f U
SD
Percent of Total NSF Earth Science Award Funds by State(1999-2007)
Total funds ($)CaliforniaNew YorkMassachusettsArizonaMinnesotaIllinoisColoradoTexas
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
Number of NSF Earth Science Proposals for Selected Topics(1999-2007)
Proposals 1999-2001
Proposals 2002-2004
Proposals 2005-2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Number of NSF Earth Science Awards for Selected Topics(1999-2007)
Awards 1999-2001
Awards 2002-2004
Awards 2005-2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
NSF Earth Science Proposal Funding Rate for Selected Topics(1999-2007)
1999-2001
2002-2004
2005-2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF BIIS Funding Trends
$182,445 $212,255 $224,141
$2,365,761 $2,416,213 $2,560,434
$0
$500,000
$1,000,000
$1,500,000
$2,000,000
$2,500,000
$3,000,000
2006-07 2007-08 2008-09
To
tal A
mo
un
t of
Ava
ilab
le A
war
d M
on
ey
Student Support Available in the Geosciences(2006-2009)
GraduateUndergraduate
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
Other specialties1%
Paleontology1%
Petroleum8%
Mining8%
Geophysics17%
Field mapping/ camp18%
General Geoscience
47%
Student Support in the Geosciences by Sector(2007-2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
$1,200,000
$1,400,000
$1,600,000
2005 2006 2007
Mil
lio
ns
of
do
llar
sValue of NSF Graduate Fellowships Earned
by Geoscience Students (2005-2007)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2009
Chapter 3: Geoscience Employment Sectors
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Perc
en
tag
e o
f S
tud
en
ts w
ith
aP
osit
ive A
ttit
ud
e a
bo
ut
Sp
ecif
ic In
du
str
y Attitudes of Students with Geoscience Bachelor Degrees(2006)
Student
Graduates within 1 year
Graduates beyond 1 year
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Perc
en
tag
e o
f S
tud
en
ts w
ith
aP
osit
ive A
ttit
ud
e a
bo
ut
Sp
ecif
ic In
du
str
y Attitudes of Students with Geoscience Master's Degrees(2006)
Student
Graduates within 1 year
Graduates beyond 1 year
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
Perc
en
tag
e o
f S
tud
en
ts w
ith
aP
osit
ive A
ttit
ud
e a
bo
ut
Sp
ecif
ic In
du
str
y Attitudes of Students with Geoscience Doctoral Degrees(2006)
Student
Graduates within 1 year
Graduates beyond 1 year
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
24% 22%
50%
3%
67%
18%
11%3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Academia Government Private Sector Non-Profit / Other
Perc
enta
ge o
f Gra
duat
es i
n Se
ctor
Employment Sectors of Recent Geoscience Master's & Ph.D. Graduates
(2006)
Master's
Ph.D.
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Ph.D.'s (2006) ; AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Master's (2006).
9% 9%6% 5%
7%4%
6%
21% 20%
9%
2% 3%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Perc
enta
ge o
f G
radu
ates
in S
ecto
rEmployment Sectors of Recent Geoscience Master's Graduates
(2006)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Master's (2006).
50%
14%
3% 2%
14%
1% 1% 3% 2%5%
1%3%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Per
cen
tag
e o
f G
rad
uat
es i
n S
ecto
rEmployment Sectors of Recent Geoscience Ph.D. Graduates
(2006)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Ph.D.'s (2006).
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Per
cent
of G
eosc
ienc
e P
h.D
. Rec
ipie
nts
Employment Sectors of New Geoscience Ph.D.s(1996-2006)
Academia (PD)
Academia (non PD)
Government (PD)
Government (non PD)
Industry (PD)
Industry (non PD)
Non-profit (PD)
Non-profit (non PD)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience PhDs, Class of 2006.
PD : Postdoctoral Positionnon PD: non-Postdoctoral Position
85%
49%
70%65%
75%
92%86% 85% 82%
75%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Cognitive Skills Technical Skills Research Field Broad Knowledge of Geoscience
Management Skills
Perc
ent o
f Deg
ree
Rec
ipie
nts
Knowlege & Skills Used by New Geoscience Master's and Ph.D.'s (2006)
Master's Ph.D.'s
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Ph.D.'s (2006) ; AGI/AGU Survey of New Geoscience Master's (2006).
29.8%27.3%
22.5% 22.0%
29.9%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Per
cen
t of
All
En
viro
nm
enta
l Sci
enti
sts
and
G
eosc
ien
tist
sWomen in Environmental Science and Geoscience Jobs
(2003-2007)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
3.1%
5.1%
3.2% 2.9%
5.4%
3.2%
2.3%
3.0%
1.8%
0.3%
1.0%
1.5%
1.9%
3.4%
3.9%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Per
cen
t of
All
En
viro
nm
enta
l Sci
enti
sts
and
G
eosc
ien
tist
sMinorities in
Environmental Science and Geoscience Jobs(2003-2007)
Asian
Hispanic
African American
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
30 and under
31-40 41-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70 and over
Per
cent
of W
orkf
orce
Age Group
Geoscientist Age Demographics by Membership Society(2008)
Exploration Geophysicists (SEG)
Petroleum Geologists (AAPG)
Economic Geologists (SEG)
Hydrologists (NGWA)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data provided by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Society of Economic Geologists, and the National Ground Water Association
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
< 30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
Per
cent
of
Env
iron
men
tal E
ngin
eers
Age Group
Age Distribution of Environmental Engineers in Government(2003-2007)
2003
2005
2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
Per
cent
of M
inin
g E
ngin
eers
Age Group
Age Distribution of Mining Engineers in Government(2003-2007)
2003
2005
2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
Perc
ent o
f Pe
trol
eum
Eng
inee
rs
Age Group
Age Distribution of Petroleum Engineers in Government(2003-2007)
2003
2005
2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
Per
cent
of G
eoph
ysic
ists
Age Group
Age Distribution of Geophysicists in Government(2003-2007)
2003
2005
2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
Perc
ent o
f Hyd
rolo
gist
s
Age Group
Age Distribution of Hydrologists in Government(2003-2007)
2003
2005
2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
Per
cent
of M
eteo
rolo
gist
s
Age Group
Age Distribution of Meteorologists in Government(2003-2007)
2003
2005
2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
Per
cent
of G
eolo
gist
s
Age Group
Age Distribution of Geologists in Government(2003-2007)
2003
2005
2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
Per
cent
of O
cean
ogra
pher
s
Age Group
Age Distribution of Oceanographers in Government(2003-2007)
2003
2005
2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
<30 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+
Per
cent
of G
eosc
ient
ists
Age Group
Age Distribution of Geoscientists at the USGS(2003-2007)
2003
2005
2007
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the Office of Personnel Management fedscope database
Nu
mb
er o
f G
eosc
ien
tist
s
Age
Age Demographics of Geoscientists in the Oil & Gas Industry
(2008)
30 605040 70
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
Nu
mb
er
of G
eo
scie
nti
sts
Oil & Gas Industry Demand for Geoscientists(1995-2030)
Total Demand
Current Workforce
Current Workforce + US New Entries
Current Workforce with US & non-US new entries
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
under 25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 +
Per
cen
t o
f W
ork
forc
e
Age Group
Age Demographics of the Mining Industry (Except Oil & Gas Extraction)
(2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the National Mining Association
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
under 25 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65 +
Perc
en
t o
f W
ork
forc
e
Age Group
Age Demographics of the Support Activities for Mining and Oil & Gas Industry
(2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the National Mining Association
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
50
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
66
68
70
72
74
76
78
80
82
84
86
88
90
Nu
mb
er
of
Fa
cu
lty
Age
Number of Geoscience Faculty by Age(2008)
Assistant Professor
Associate Professor
Professor
Emeritus
Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2009
Chapter 4: Geoscience Economic Indicators
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Percent of Total Federal Research Funding Applied to the Geosciences(1970-2007)
Applied Research
Basic Research
Total Research
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0.0
$0.5
$1.0
$1.5
$2.0
$2.5
$3.0
$3.5
$4.0
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Bil
lio
ns o
f d
oll
ars
Perc
en
t o
f G
eo
scie
nce F
un
din
g
Total Federal Funding of the Geosciences(1970-2005)
All Geosciences ($ USD) Atmospheric sciences (%)Geological sciences (%) Oceanography (%)Interdisciplinary Geosciences (%)
Source:AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0.0
$0.5
$1.0
$1.5
$2.0
$2.5
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Bil
lio
ns o
f d
oll
ars
Perc
en
t o
f G
eo
scie
nce F
un
din
g
Federal Funding of Basic Research in the Geosciences(1970-2005)
All Geosciences ($ USD) Atmospheric sciences (%)Geological sciences (%) Oceanography (%)Interdisciplinary Geosciences (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0.0
$0.2
$0.4
$0.6
$0.8
$1.0
$1.2
$1.4
$1.6
$1.8
$2.0
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Bil
lio
ns o
f d
oll
ars
Perc
en
t o
f G
eo
scie
nce F
un
din
g
Federal Funding of Applied Research in the Geosciences(1970-2005)
All Geosciences ($ USD) Atmospheric sciences (%)Geological sciences (%) Oceanography (%)Interdisciplinary Geosciences (%)
Source:AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$5
$10
$15
$20
$25
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Mil
lio
ns
of
do
llar
s
Per
cen
t o
f G
eosc
ien
ce F
un
din
g
Geoscience Research Funding from the Department of Agriculture
(1970-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%) Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$400
$450
$500
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Mil
lio
ns
of
do
llar
s
Per
cen
t o
f G
eosc
ien
ce F
un
din
g
Geoscience Research Funding from the Department of Commerce
(1970-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%) Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$400
$450
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Mill
ions
of d
olla
rs
Per
cent
of G
eosc
ienc
e Fu
ndin
gGeoscience Research Funding from the
Department of Defense(1970-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%) Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$400
$450
$500
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Mill
ions
of d
olla
rs
Per
cent
of G
eosc
ienc
e Fu
ndin
gGeoscience Research Funding from the
Department of Energy(1970-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%) Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
$400
$450
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Mill
ion
s of
dol
lars
Per
cen
t o
f Geo
scie
nce
Fun
din
gGeoscience Research Funding from the
Department of Interior(1970-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%) Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Mill
ions
of d
olla
rs
Per
cent
of G
eosc
ienc
e Fu
ndin
gGeoscience Research Funding from the
Environmental Protection Agency(1970-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%) Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Mill
ions
of d
olla
rs
Per
cent
of G
eosc
ienc
e Fu
ndin
gGeoscience Research Funding from the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration(1970-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%) Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
45%
50%
Mill
ions
of d
olla
rs
Per
cent
of G
eosc
ienc
e Fu
ndin
gGeoscience Research Funding from the
National Science Foundation(1970-2005)
Geoscience Research Funding ($USD) Atmospheric science (%)
Geological science (%) Oceanography (%)
Interdisciplinary Science (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Survey of Federal Funds for Research & Development
$0.0
$0.5
$1.0
$1.5
$2.0
$2.5
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Bil
lio
ns
of
do
llar
s
Per
cen
t o
f R
&D
Fu
nd
sMining, extraction and support activities:
Distribution of Total Company R&D(1999-2003)
Total Company R&D ($USD) Research (%) Development (%)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from NSF's Industry R&D Funding
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
Pri
ce p
er B
arre
l
Price of Oil by Currency(1999-2008)
Dollars / BBL
Euros / BBL
BBL / oz Gold
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from EIA, OANDA, econostats.com, kitco.com
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Dec
-98
May
-99
Oct
-99
Mar
-00
Aug
-00
Jan
-01
Jun
-01
Nov
-01
Apr
-02
Sep
-02
Feb
-03
Jul
-03
Dec
-03
May
-04
Oct
-04
Mar
-05
Aug
-05
Jan
-06
Jun
-06
Nov
-06
Apr
-07
Sep
-07
Feb
-08
Jul
-08
Inde
x Va
lue
Commodity Price Indices(1998-2008)
Fuel (energy) Price Index
Metals Price Index
Food Price Index
Beverage Price Index
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$0
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$60,000
Dec
-98
May
-99
Oct
-99
Mar
-00
Aug
-00
Jan
-01
Jun
-01
Nov
-01
Apr
-02
Sep
-02
Feb
-03
Jul
-03
Dec
-03
May
-04
Oct
-04
Mar
-05
Aug
-05
Jan
-06
Jun
-06
Nov
-06
Apr
-07
Sep
-07
Feb
-08
Jul
-08
Dolla
rs p
er B
arre
l
Dolla
rs p
er m
etric
ton
Commodity Prices(1998-2008)
Aluminum
Tin
Zinc
Uranium
Copper
Lead
Nickel
Crude Oil
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$0
$1,000
$2,000
$3,000
$4,000
$5,000
$6,000
$7,000
$8,000
$9,000
$10,000De
c-9
8M
ay-9
9O
ct-9
9M
ar-0
0Au
g-0
0Ja
n-0
1Ju
n-0
1No
v-0
1Ap
r-0
2Se
p-0
2Fe
b-0
3Ju
l-0
3De
c-0
3M
ay-0
4O
ct-0
4M
ar-0
5Au
g-0
5Ja
n-0
6Ju
n-0
6No
v-0
6Ap
r-0
7Se
p-0
7Fe
b-0
8Ju
l-0
8
Dolla
rs p
er B
arre
l
Dolla
rs p
er m
etric
ton
Commodity Prices(1998-2008)
Aluminum
Zinc
Uranium
Copper
Lead
Crude Oil
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$160De
c-9
8M
ay-9
9O
ct-9
9M
ar-0
0Au
g-0
0Ja
n-0
1Ju
n-0
1No
v-0
1Ap
r-0
2Se
p-0
2Fe
b-0
3Ju
l-0
3De
c-0
3M
ay-0
4O
ct-0
4M
ar-0
5Au
g-0
5Ja
n-0
6Ju
n-0
6No
v-0
6Ap
r-0
7Se
p-0
7Fe
b-0
8Ju
l-0
8
Dolla
rs p
er B
arre
l
Dolla
rs p
er m
etric
ton
Commodity Prices(1998-2008)
Uranium
Crude Oil
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$0
$200
$400
$600
$800
$1,000
$1,200
Dec
-98
May
-99
Oct
-99
Mar
-00
Aug
-00
Jan
-01
Jun
-01
Nov
-01
Apr
-02
Sep
-02
Feb
-03
Jul
-03
Dec
-03
May
-04
Oct
-04
Mar
-05
Aug
-05
Jan
-06
Jun
-06
Nov
-06
Apr
-07
Sep
-07
Feb
-08
Jul
-08
Dolla
rs p
er B
arre
l
Dolla
rs p
er m
etric
ton
Commodity Prices(1998-2008)
Soybeans
Wheat
Barley
Corn
Rice
Crude Oil
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Dec
-98
May
-99
Oct
-99
Mar
-00
Aug
-00
Jan
-01
Jun
-01
Nov
-01
Apr
-02
Sep
-02
Feb
-03
Jul
-03
Dec
-03
May
-04
Oct
-04
Mar
-05
Aug
-05
Jan
-06
Jun
-06
Nov
-06
Apr
-07
Sep
-07
Feb
-08
Jul
-08
Dolla
rs p
er B
arre
l
Cent
s pe
r pou
nd
Commodity Prices(1998-2008)
Beef
Pork
Crude Oil
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
Dec
-98
May
-99
Oct
-99
Mar
-00
Aug
-00
Jan
-01
Jun
-01
Nov
-01
Apr
-02
Sep
-02
Feb
-03
Jul
-03
Dec
-03
May
-04
Oct
-04
Mar
-05
Aug
-05
Jan
-06
Jun
-06
Nov
-06
Apr
-07
Sep
-07
Feb
-08
Jul
-08
Dolla
rs p
er B
arre
l
Dolla
rs p
er c
ubic
met
er
Commodity Prices(1998-2008)
Natural Gas
Crude Oil
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from indexmundi.com
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Bill
ions
of c
urre
nt d
olla
rsCommoditiy Ouput by Value
(1998-2006)
Oil & gas extraction Mining (except oil & gas) Support activities for mining and oil & gas
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$140
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Bill
ions
of d
olla
rsGross Operating Surplus
(1998-2006)
Oil & gas extraction Mining (except oil & gas) Support activities for mining and oil & gas
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
$16
$18
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Bill
ions
of d
olla
rsTaxes on Production and Imports
(1998-2006)
Oil & gas extraction Mining (except oil & gas) Support activities for mining and oil & gas
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
2002
Q1
2002
Q2
2002
Q3
2002
Q4
2003
Q1
2003
Q2
2003
Q3
2003
Q4
2004
Q1
2004
Q2
2004
Q3
2004
Q4
2005
Q1
2005
Q2
2005
Q3
2005
Q4
2006
Q1
2006
Q2
2006
Q3
2006
Q4
2007
Q1
2007
Q2
2007
Q3
2007
Q4
2008
Q1
Prof
it M
argi
n
Profit Margins of Major and Independent Energy Companies(2002-2008)
Independents
Majors
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Energy Information Administration
$0.0$2.0$4.0$6.0$8.0
$10.0$12.0$14.0$16.0$18.0$20.0$22.0$24.0$26.0
Oil
& g
as
ext
ract
ion
Ge
ne
ral I
nd
ust
ry
En
viro
nm
en
tal r
em
edia
tion
/ G
eo
tech
nic
al
Fin
an
ce &
insu
ran
ce
Pro
fess
ion
al,
scie
ntif
ic, a
nd
te
chn
ica
l se
rvic
es
Fe
de
ral g
ove
rnm
en
t
Util
itie
s
Tra
nsp
ort
atio
n
Sta
te a
nd
loca
l go
vern
me
nt
Wa
ste
ma
na
ge
me
nt s
erv
ice
s
Ma
nu
fact
uri
ng
Info
rma
tion
se
rvic
es
Min
ing
, exc
ep
t oil
& g
as
Bil
lio
ns o
f d
oll
ars
Geoscience Contribution of Industry GDP (2002 - 2016)
2002
2006
2016 (projected)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from U.S .Bureau of Economic Analysis, US Bureau of Labor Statistics, and AGI's Directory of Geoscience Departments
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Nu
mb
er o
f Ro
tary
Rig
sU.S. Rotary Rig Counts
(1990-2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Baker Hughes
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
1,800
Nu
mb
er
of
Rig
sRigs by Location
(1990-2007)
Onshore
Offshore
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Baker Hughes
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
1,600
Nu
mb
er
of
Rig
sRigs by Type(1990-2007)
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Baker Hughes
-60%
-40%
-20%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
Per
cen
t C
han
ge
sin
ce 1
990
Percent Change in Drilling(1991-2008)
Total Wells DrilledTotal FootageAverage Depth
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Energy Information Association
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Nu
mb
er o
f S
and
, G
rave
l,
and
Sto
ne
Min
es
Nu
mb
er o
f M
etal
Ore
Min
es a
nd
In
du
stri
al M
iner
al M
ines
Number of U.S. Mines(1994-2006)
Metal Ore
Industrial Minerals (excluding Sand, Gravel, and Stone)
Sand, Gravel, and Stone
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS Mining & Quarrying Trends
0
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mill
ion
met
ric
tons
Material Handled(1994-2006)
Industrial Minerals (excluding sand, gravel and stone)Metal Ore Sand, gravel, and stone
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS, Mining and Quarrying Trends
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Mill
ion
met
ric
tons
Mine Waste(1994-2006)
Industrial Minerals (excluding sand, gravel and stone)Metal Ore Sand, gravel, and stone
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS, Mining and Quarrying Trends
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
Rat
ioMine Waste : Materials Handled
(1994-2006)
Industrial Minerals (excluding sand, gravel and stone)Metal Ore Sand, gravel, and stone
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS, Mining and Quarrying Trends
$0.0
$5.0
$10.0
$15.0
$20.0
$25.0
Bil
lio
ns o
f d
oll
ars
Total U.S. Non-fuel Mineral Production(1992-2006)
Metals
Industrial minerals (excluding sand, gravel, and stone)
Sand, gravel, and stone
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from USGS Minerals Yearbook
$0
$20
$40
$60
$80
$100
$120
$0
$2
$4
$6
$8
$10
$12
$14
Bil
lio
ns
of
do
llar
s
Bil
lio
ns
of
do
llar
sMarket Capitalization of Geoscience Industries
(2008)
Source: AGI Geoscience Workforce Program, data derived from Google Finance, (12/18/2008)