STATUS OF LIVE POULTRY AND EVALUATION ON BIO-SECURITY CONDITIONS AMONG THE COMMERCIAL BROILER POULTRY FARMS

OF KATHMANDU, NEPAL

Pradhuman YadavB.V.Sc & A.H

Introduction Livestock is the source of livelihood,

income generation and employment. The contribution of the livestock is It 33.1

percent of share to the GDP (MOAD 2014/2015).

21,956 farm/farmers engaged in commercial poultry farming.

Per capita meat availability of commercial poultry is 4.1 kg/year. Per capita egg availability is 43.7 egg/year, (CBS, 2016).

Introduction contd…. Biosecurity is a practice designed to prevent

the spread of disease onto farm. Biosecurity is the cheapest, most effective

means of disease control available. No disease prevention program will work without it, (Joan, 1997).

Commercial poultry growers should be familiar with the specifics of their company’s biosecurity protocols and work closely with company representatives to implement those programs, (Dan and Brian, 2012).

Objectives General objective

To know the status of live poultry and evaluate on the biosecurity conditions among the commercial broiler poultry farms of Kathmandu district.

Objectives Contd… Specific objectives

To determine the status of live broiler poultry in Kathmandu district by questionnaire survey technique.

To study the evaluation of bio-security conditions in broiler farms of Kathmandu district by questionnaire survey technique.

Justification of study

The consumption of white meat is increasing due to growing health consciousness in the masses.

Protecting poultry flocks from microorganism contamination is an extremely important component of commercial poultry production environment.

Justification Contd…

The effectiveness of a biosecurity program can be optimized by regional participation.

Practicing sound biosecurity procedures every day as part of a best management program will help to reduce the possibility of contracting a disease and will reduce the spread of disease.

Limitation of the study

Time factor and budget

The limited number of samples

Study site was confined to Kathmandu district

Data recording system is not well developed in DLSO

The data obtained from farmers might be wrong.

Methodology Site of Study Study was conducted in Kathmandu district

Methodology Contd... Sample Size 50 broilers poultry farms. Questionnaire Survey Individual farm from farmers were selected

and history and relevant information was recorded.

Data Analysis Data entry was done in MS Excel. Graphs were prepared in Microsoft-Excel.

Results And Discussions

Status of live poultry Flock size

< 500 500-1000 1000-5000 >500005

101520253035404550

0

90 %

10 %0

flock size

Results Contd.... Distance of farms from market

5 km 10 km 15 km 20 km02468

10121416

17 %

31 %

23 %

29 %

Distance

Results Contd....

Biosecurity Practices of Biosecurity conditions in

farms Yes No

All in all out system

followed

50 (100%) 0 (0.00) %

Provision of foot dipping 22 (44%) 28 (56%)

Fenced farm 1 (2%) 49 (98%)

Application of lime 13 (26%) 37 (74%)

Visitors allowed to enter the

farm

4 (8%) 46 (92%)

Results Contd....Yes No

Mix birds from unknown

origin

0 (0.00%) 50 (100%)

Entrance of wild bird 0 (0.00%) 50 (100%)

Separate slippers, goods

etc. while working

50 (100%) 0 (0.00%)

Change dress while

entering farm

4 (8%) 46 (92%)

Results Contd....Yes No

Farm is attached with

technical persons

50 (100%) 0 (0.00%)

Disinfection of farm in

regular basis

50 (100%) 0 (0.00%)

Wash hand with soap

after touching the birds

50 (100%) 0 (0.00%)

Results Contd.... History of disease in farms

56%

44%

History of disease occurrenceyes no

Results Contd.... Provision of spraying the visitor and

vehicles

42%

58%

Spraying the visitor and vehiclesyes no

Results Contd....Results of general questions

Source of feed

Ready feeed Own prepared0102030405060

Source of feed

Source of feed

Results Contd.... Uses of antibiotics

2%

98%

Uses of anitibioticsAs a precautionary measure If a disease is diagnosed

Results Contd.... Main sources of water supply

62%

38%

Source of water

Tap waterTube well

Discussion Training and education of poultry handlers

regarding the basic concepts and requirements of personal hygiene (Adams and Moss, 1997).

Poultry handlers should furthermore understand the risks associated with contamination by microbiological hazards.

Poultry handlers are found that they won’t were overalls, hairnets, hardhats and gumboots.

Van Zyl, (1995), proposed that the overalls, hairnets, hardhats, gumboots and aprons should at all times be worn by poultry handlers.

Discussions contd…

Ziady, Small and Louis (1997), explained that the poultry handlers must undergo medical examinations.

Poultry handlers are probable sources of contaminations from micro organisms.

The hands of poultry handlers generally reflect the environment and also the habits of an individual (Jay, 1996).

Vehicles are also a potential source of diseases on the farms. The driver should observe all the required bio-security protocols, (Ali, 2011). 

Conclusion The production of poultry has not been well

sufficient to fulfill the national demand, production by small holders being a major limiting factor.

The products of poultry (egg and meat) have always been playing in uplifting the life standard of small holders and total GDP of the country.

In most of the poultry farms good biosecurity practices was not enough. Implementation and maintained of a package of biosecurity measures, regular monitoring will lower the probability of contamination in poultry farms.

Recommendation Government and the consult authority have to

take initiative to the enforcement of biosecurity. At least foot bath should be established in each

farm before the entry to the farm. Organization of training courses for poultry

handlers to spread awareness about biosecurity principles, training and capacity building on biosecurity measures.

No visitors should be allowed to the farms. Handling and transportation with best biosecurity

measures.

THANK YOU !!!