status of invasive alien species in uganda with design · status of invasive alien species in...
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Status of Invasive alien species in UgandaPeter Kiwuso and Dr. Epila Otara
National Forestry Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research
Organization Box 1752 Kampala-Uganda
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Introduction
• Uganda is currently under threat from alien invasive species. Those known so far are plant and insect species.
• These are threatening to change the ecosystem of the country.
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Insect species
• Cypress aphid - Cinara cupressi
Pest attacks cypress trees. At the height of attack in 1995 on average 60% of the trees were under damage category 3 (26-60%).
• Following release of P. juniperorum1995-1996, damage dropped to category 2(11-25%) in 1999 and category 1(0-10%) in release sites in 2006.
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Pine woolly aphid
• Before release of Tetraphleps raoi most of trees in woolliness category 1 (woolly spots<=10% adjacent spots touching)
• After release most trees >95% in woolliness category 0 ( no wool spots) in release sites and adjacent
• Redistributing in other sites
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Blue Gum Chalcid• Currently major problem
• Present in all agro ecological zones but absent in Kabale district – Highland and cold.
• Hill top areas of Mbale and Sironko districts-mild attacks
• Most clones showing resistence. GU clones showing more resistance at seedling level. GC Clones 784, 540,and 514 showing susceptibility in that order at clonal hedge (mother garden)
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Plant invasive
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Senna spectabilis
• Species considered a major problem
• Widespread in compartments N11, N13, N14, W29 of the Budongo Forest Reserve where it has colonised vast areas at expense of other species
• Estimated that more than 1,000 ha are affected.
• Thought to have been introduced by the Indian Sawmill operators or introduced during the colonial era for firewood in an attempt to preserve the forest
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S. spectabilis (cont’d)
• Thought to have been brought in during the gazetting of the forest for planting at boundaries of compartments as boundary marker
• Common along logging trails/landing sites in the Budongo
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Broussenetia papyrifera
• Introduced for paper manufacture in Mabira and Budongo
• Colonizes open sites in pure stands
• Other than for monkey food, no other use
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Broussenetia papyrifera
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Lantana camara
• Lantana camara is widely distributed all over the country where it forms dense thickets.
• Believed to have been introduced in 1960s for hedges and to construct stands for drying plates.
• Habitat for tsetse flies.
• Dominates (or suppresses) other plant species
• Thought to add fertility to soil
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Acacia hockii
• Acacia hockii is a major problem in MburoNational Park where it suppresses grass for animals and thus causes migration of game
• Has a remarkable ability to sprout after the fires making it extremely invasive
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Water hyacinth
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Azolla filiculoides covers water bodies preventing
efficient utilisation
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Mimosa pigra - supresses grass, prevents entry by cattle
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NaFORRI Infrastructure development
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Laboratories
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Guest house
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Green houses