statnorway tis ukrain okt 2008 1 external trade in services per Øivind grindalen division for...
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StatNorway TIS Ukrain okt 2008 1
External trade in services
Per Øivind Grindalen
Division for External Trade (22)
Statistics Norway
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External trade in services External trade in services
•Background / History of the statistics (1)Background / History of the statistics (1)
•Key terms – (2)Key terms – (2)
•The reporting system (3)The reporting system (3)
•Data revision (4)Data revision (4)
•Publishing (5)Publishing (5)
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Background / Changes in Norway 2004 / 2005
• Central bank of Norway (Norges Bank) discontinued the foreign payments statistics at the end of 2004
• The Customs & excise authorities established a new Register of crossborder transactions and currency exchange (Valutaregisteret)
• Statistics Norway took over responsibility for data on non-financial sector for balance of payment purposes
– Pilot reports 2003 and 2004– First real reports 2005 (quarterly and annual) – only used for BoP-
purposes– Data for 2006 (Annual survey) – published as separate statistics
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External trade in services – 2
The concept of services Services – What is a service?Services – What is a service?
– Type of services = CPA – EU Classification of Products by Activity
– It is difficult to define the concept of services in a short and precise manner. In the BoP-reporting it is therefore to some extent necessary for the reporting firms to apply their own understanding of the concept, both when it comes to distinguish between goods and services and to identify the different types of services. When deciding on what types of services that are exported and/or imported the reporting firms should use the document "Statistical characteristics".
– A service will also typically lead to a change in the principal's own state or condition or in an item she owns; a medical service leads to the patient's recovery; a freight service ensures that a commodity is moved to another location.
– many services are closely related to goods. The transport, storage and repairs of goods are examples of such services. Other examples are information and media services that are stored on physical objects such as on a compact disc.
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Overview of CPA-codes000091 – 000099 / 4 Contract work and repairs
112011 – 112012 / 2 Services related to oil and gas exploration, excluding surveying
450001 – 450002 / 2 Building and construction projects
511000 – 519000 / 2 Wholesale trade and intermediate trade
555210 / 1 Canteens and catering
601010 – 601020 / 2 Transport by rail
602100 – 602400 / 3 Other land transport
603010 / 1 Pipeline transport
611010 – 611034 / 4 Sea and coastal water transport
621010 – 622032 / 6 Air transport
631110 – 634000 / 8 Supporting and auxiliary transport activities; travel agency activities
641110 – 642000 / 3 Post and telecommunication
651000 / 1 Financial services
672000 / 1 Activities auxiliary to insurance and pension funding
702000 – 703000 / 2 Real estate activities
710000 / 1 Renting of transportation, machinery and equipment
721000 – 726000 / 6 Computer services
730000 / 1 Research and development (R & D)
741100 – 748000 / 12 Business services
900000 / 1 Collection and treatment of waste and sewage and other environmental services
921000 – 927000 / 7 Leisure activities, cultural services and sports
981000 – 989000 / 3 Other services
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External trade in services The concept of exports and imports
• Exports / incomeExports / income• Services delivered to and paid for by foreign counterparts
– All services that are delivered by the reporting firm (resident in Norway) to companies, affiliates, physical persons or other units abroad are regarded as exports. Note that the services could be delivered either in Norway or abroad.
• Imports / expenditureImports / expenditure• Services received from and paid out to foreign counterparts
– All services that are delivered to the reporting firm (resident in Norway) from foreign units are regarded as imports, including services that are activated in the balance sheet and written off over a period of time. Note that the services could be delivered either in Norway or abroad.
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Resident (Norwegian / domestic enterprise) Resident (Norwegian / domestic enterprise) Non-resident (foreign enterprise)Non-resident (foreign enterprise)• Norwegian / domestic resident
– The following units are regarded as Norwegian in the balance of payments statistics:
– Legal persons registered as Norwegian, excluding their affiliates abroad. The definition is valid regardless of the owners' nationality. Hence, foreign owned companies registered as Norwegian are regarded as Norwegian units.
– Affiliates in Norway of foreign registered legal persons.– Physical persons permanently residing in Norway, regardless of citizenship.
• Foreign / foreigner– The following units are regarded as foreign in the balance of payments
statistics:– Legal persons registered abroad, including Norwegian owned companies
that are registered abroad.– Norwegian companies' affiliates abroad.– Physical persons permanently residing abroad, regardless of citizenship.
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Sources of misinterpretation – Terms not part of the vocabulary of the bookkeepers
• Purchaser / seller
• Settlement part
• Country of delivery
• Domestic trade included
• Goods
• Mix of exports and imports
• Value of services included in the price of the goods
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Possible initiatives to improve data quality
• Clear and consistent feedback to the reporters
• Frequent reporting – quarterly surveys vs. annual surveys
• Internal competence
• Differentiation
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External trade in services - procedures
I
Population
Sample
Letter
Respondents
Web-form
Ssb-receiv syst
T I S -syst
Controls
Revised data
Revised/Reporteddata vs data for the Whole population
Publishing
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External trade in services - 3External trade in services - 3
THE REPORTING SYSTEMTHE REPORTING SYSTEM
How to report How to report Exports and imports of services Exports and imports of services
to and from abroadto and from abroad
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Our Websites
• Information about the survey and link to forms– http://www.ssb.no/skjema/tjh/
Information in Norwegian
– http://www.ssb.no/english/skjema/tjh/ Information in English
– The form is only in Norwegian
Statistics on services
• http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/09/05/uhtjenester_en/
• BoP-statistics
• http://www.ssb.no/english/subjects/09/ur_okonomi_en/
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External trade in services - 4External trade in services - 4
Data revision Data revision
methods and toolsmethods and tools
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Controls & revision Respondent
Controls
TISOK
YESControls
NOControls
GrowthDecline
New serviceOld service missing
New enterprise
Previous reportContact phoneAnnual report
Web-site
Revision
System revisionWeighing up
Missingreports
Use in the BoPOther publishing
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Overview
• The annual survey: 2006– Data revision methods and tools– Test – Other sources – Problems around trade of goods and services
• The quarterly survey: 2q 2007– Data revision methods and tools– Data revision: an example
• Challenges and further developments in surveys of external trade in services
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The annual survey
• The sample for 2006 has ca 4 000 respondents
• Pr 19 of September 184 respondents are missing
• Response rate about 98%
• As for the quarterly survey, we run daily updates on incoming data (SAS program)
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Data revision
The respondents are divided into 4 groups mainly based on NACE (Standard Industrial Classification) and every auditor has their own group
Afterwards, data are organised into 3 groups:1. Respondents which also participates in the quarterly survey (540)2. Respondents from the annual survey 2005 (1575)3. New respondents (1865)
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Data revision : Test
• If total figures 200612 and 2006 differs more than 5%
• Data ok if less than 5%
• Absolute error (AF) if more than 5%
• New and/or missing cpa codes compared with 200612 or previous year
– Based on information from the testing program, the data application and maybe other SAS-programs every auditor does
MANUALLY corrections
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Data revision: Other sources
• External trade in goods
• Sales income / expenditure
• Annual accounts
• Web-site
• Comments from respondents – IDUN web-form
• and / or feedback from respondents via e-mail / telephone
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Problems around trade of goods and services • Services related to products• Started a working group which is going to analyze the relationship
between goods and services – Contract work and repairs
000091 Installation and assembly 000092 Repairs and maintenance 000093 Rebuilding and outfitting conducted for others 000099 Contractual work and other industrial services
– Construction 450001 Construction abroad 450002 Construction in Norway
– Intermediate trade 519000 Intermediate trade
– Computer services 721000 Hardware consultancy 722000 Software and system consultancy
– Film and video activities 921000 Film and video activities
– Royalties and licence fees 981000 Royalties and licence fees
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Data revision: Challenges
• Communication with respondents– Do enterprises understand what they are asked to report?
Ex) Merchanting services (Intermediate trade)For year 2006, it is reported 83 imports (corr. MNOK 3 039) and 53exports (corr. MNOK 2 230), which shows obvious misunderstandingabout the reporting
– Consistency in questionnaires over time Ex) Transportation services
Changes in CPA use has caused confusions to some of the respondents
• Communication with IT support in SSB– Necessary to have better communication with IT support section for
updating questionnaires, data transfers and detecting/recovering of system failures
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Further developments
• Obtaining expertise – Increasing sample size of quarterly report – Eventually, removing yearly report (planed from yearly report 2008)– Having closer relationships with each respondents, especially within
the problem areas such as merchanting services and transportation services
• Cooperation with IT support– Updating UTBASE – Alternative solutions for questionnaires (Excel / Altinn)
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External trade in services - 5
Published statistics
for non-financial enterprises, 2006
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External trade in services, 2006
• Transport dominates trade in services
• Enterprises engaged in transport, storage and communication accounted for more than 50 per cent of both exports and imports of services to and from Norway in 2006. European countries were the most important trading partners.
• The statistics on external trade in services for non-financial enterprises are part of the statistical basis for Norway’s balance of payments. These statistics do not include trade in services for financial enterprises, households, non-profit organisations and public administration. The figures presented here are therefore not comparable with the figures presented in Balance of Payments - Current and Capital account (cf. About the statistics).
• These statistics were established in 2005 when Norges Bank discontinued their foreign payment statistics, which were an important basis for the balance of payments. This article presents the 2006 figures for external trade in services for main types of services for non-financial enterprises, including enterprises operating in ocean transport. Figures on external trade in services regarding geographical specification are also included.
• The purpose of the statistics on external trade in services is to provide information about the service flows between Norway and other countries. Income and expenditure in connection with exports and imports of services to and from other countries are important economic indicators both in describing structural changes and in monitoring economic trends (cf. About the statistics on limitations and other conditions).
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External trade in services, by CPA-codes, aggregated. 2006. NOK million
Service types Export Import
NOK million Share NOK million Share
Total 155 036 100.0 127 689 100.0
Contract work and repairs 7 192 4,6 % 8 912 7.0%
Services related to oil and gas exploration, excluding surveying 11 778 7,6 % 18 645 14,6 %
Building and construction projects 1 774 1,1 % 2 670 2,1 %
Wholesale trade and intermediate trade 3 457 2,2 % 5 280 4,1 %
Transport by rail and other land transport 1 902 1,2 % 1 982 1,6 %
Sea and coastal water transport 82 230 53.0% 15 436 12,1 %
Air transport 904 0.6% 1 216 1.0%
Supporting and auxiliary transport activities, travel agency activities 4 960 3,2 % 28 784 22,5 %
Post and telecommunication 4 117 2,7 % 4 865 3,8 %
Renting of transportation, machinery and equippment 5 141 3,3 % 3 432 2,7 %
IT services 3 819 2,5 % 4 048 3,2 %
Research and development (R & D) 1 571 1.0% 1 423 1,1 %
Business services 21 629 14.0% 23 540 18,4 %
Leisure activities, cultural services and sports 872 0.6% 2 390 1,9 %
Other services 3 691 2,4 % 5 067 4.0%
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External trade in services, by major industry activities, aggregated. 2006. NOK million
Major industry activities Export Import
NOK million Share NOK million Share
Total 155 036 100.0 127 689 100.0
Mining and quarrying 14 056 9,1 % 21 870 17,1 %
Manufacturing 14 217 9,2 % 11 950 9,4 %
Electricity, gas and water supply 126 0,1 % 1 007 0,8 %
Construction 1 119 0,7 % 1 289 1,0 %
Wholesale and retail trade 4 671 3,0 % 10 149 7,9 %
Transport, storage and communication 98 821 63,7 % 65 829 51,6 %
Business activities 21 086 13,6 % 13 572 10,6 %
Other industry activities 940 0,6 % 2 022 1,6 %
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External trade in services, geographical specification
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And that’s it
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And that’s it
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Data revision: example
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Data revision: example (cont.)
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Data revision: example (cont.)
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Data revision: example (cont.)