statistik intro
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1.0) INTRODUCTIONWhat is Statistics?
Statistics is the science that deals with the collection, classification, analysis and interpretation of information/data in order to make decisions.
Statistics is divided into 2 parts:
1. Descriptive statistics
2. Inferential statistics
Descriptive statisticsInferential statistics
Process of data gathering, presentation and summaryConcerns with making conclusions or inferences from samples about the populations from which they have been drawn.
Example: A researcher collects on the amount students spent on food, leisure and academic requirements from their study loan. He then summarizes the data by finding the mean and standard deviation of the data. He also did some graphs and charts to present his findings. Example:
A researcher did an analysis to find out if it is true students spend less than 10% of their study loan text books.
Measure of Central TendencyA ) Mean is the sum of the values, divided by the total number of values.
B ) Median is the most centrally located (middle) value.
M = C ) Mode is the value that occurs most often in the data set. It is said to be the most typical case. = L + C Variance and Standard deviation
-Variance is the average of the squares of the distance each value from the mean. The symbol for the population variance is , sigma square. Whereas for sample variance is .
= -Standard deviation measure the distance of each value from the mean. It is the square root of the variance. The symbol for the population variance is , sigma and s for sample standard deviation.
1.1) VariableNo.NameLast two digits of I.C number
lAhmad Farriz Bin Shahidan950107145031
2Ainur Anisha Binti Amijan950619145692
3Edriz Syahzrel Bin Zimi Hakiem950213035135
4Farrah Nuramanina Binti Mohd Anuar950830145452
5Juliza Binti Abu Bakar950921675010
6Khairul Fahmie Bin Nazree950324015815
7Mah Muddin Bin Amin950609126543
8Mohamad Hazwan Bin Tohid950909016071
9Mohamad Syazwi Akram Bin Ab Razak950203075571
10Mohamad Zaid Bin Mohd Sani950806016511
11Mohammad Asnizam Bin Ramdani950721015085
12Mohammad Azwan Bin Arifin950729015055
13Mohammad Shahrul Fahmy Bin Mohd azmi950914016869
14Mohd Haziq Bin Mazlan960121015751
15Mohd Nur Hafiz Bin Mahadi950501055173
16Muhamad Aiman Afiq Bin Jamal950831016169
17Muhamad Khairul Fitri Bin Sarimin910419015483
18Muhamad Nazmi Bin Mohamad Norrizal951208145107
19Muhamad Taufiq Bin A. Jalil891015235155
20Muhammad Amzar Bin Othman950201145003
21Muhammad Hambali Bin Md. Muidnudin950405015593
22Muhammad Irfan Syafri Bin Saifullizan950420105351
23Muhammad Najwan Bin Rusli951105015561
24Muhammad Nur Aiman Bin Adnan950805145813
25Muhammad Shahruzi Bin Mahadzir950924016117
26Norliyana Afiqah Binti Lakman950108015124
27Norliza Binti Sutrisman950921115670
28Nur Akiela Fathonah Binti Mohd Salleh950217115538
29Nur Amalin Binti Hishamuddin950831035570
30Nur Anis Natasha Binti Che Rahim950415145500
31Nur Shairah Binti Mohd Noah950921146074
32Nur Syahira Binti Zakaria951220115170
33Nur Syuhadah Binti Mohd Ramli950813055156
34Nuratikah Binti Ahmad950602015840
35Nurazmina Zafira Binti Abd Aziz950330015942
36Nurul Fattiha Binti Ishak950729065220
37Nurul Hayati Binti Mat Rozi951115145888
38Nurul Nabiha Nadia Binti Abd. Aziz950312015316
39Siti Khadijah Binti Md. Ali Shifudin951104015762
40Siti Khalidah Binti Abd Aziz950203025064
41Siti Maziah Binti Mokhtar951021016698
42Siti Nadia Syuhada Binti Mohd Satti950203115182
43Siti Norazzah Azwa Binti Misman950213106194
44Syazwi Hakimi Bin Saaidin950707086469
45Syed Abd Hamid Bin Sd. Hassan950527016033
1.2) FILA Table.FactsIdeasLearning issuesAction
1) List of names of students in 2DAA_GA
2) I.C number of each students1. 2. M = 3. = L + C 4. =
1) What is the class limit?
2) What is the class midpoint?
3) How to calculate the variables from the formulae given?
1) Internet
2) Statistics module
3) Library books
1.3) Minutes of meeting
2.0) PROBLEM BACKGROUND
We have chosen the I.C number of each students of 2DAA as we choose to collect a numeric data for the tasks. A numerical data is also known as quantitative data which consists of numbers that can be used for calculations. A quantitative data can be divided by two parts, Continuous Data and Discrete Data. I.C number is considered as discrete data because the data is whole number. Based on the data that we have collected, all of I.C number of each students in the class appear to be in whole number.
3.0) Solution of variable
Class LimitLower Class BoundaryClass Midpoint,
Frequency, Cumulative Frequency, F
0-904.5313.520.2560.753
10-199.514.5687.0210.251261.59
20-2919.524.5249.0600.251200.511
30-3929.534.54138.01190.254761.015
40-4939.544.53133.51980.255940.7518
50-5949.554.56327.02970.2517821.524
60-6959.564.56387.04160.2524961.530
70-7969.574.57521.55550.2538851.7537
80-8979.584.54338.07140.2528561.041
90-9989.594.54378.08930.2535721.045
= 45= 2372.5=159141.25
Table 1.0 Frequency distribution of 46 students last two digits of I.C number in 2DAA_GA
a) Mean,
= b) Median, MM = = 49.5 + 10 = 57.0c) Mode, = L + C = 69.5 + 10 = 72.0
d) Standard Deviation, s
= = = 774.04
s = = 27.82
4.0) Result and discussionThe population that we used in this process of data gathering, presentation and summary is UTHM students. As for the sample for our research, we use the students in 2DAA_GA . The variable measures are the last two digits of IC number in 2DAA_GA. Our quantitative data is discrete data which it is a whole number.
After that we organize the data as our data is ungrouped data. The size of class is 9. After that, we build a table of frequency distribution with the size class of 5. So for our frequency, for class limit between 0-9 there is 3 frequency of students, 10-19 there is 6 frequency of students, 20-29 there is 2 frequency of students, 30-39 there is 4 frequency of students, 40-49 there is 3 frequency of students, 50-59 there is 6 frequency of students, 60-69 there is 6 frequency of students, 70-79 there is 7 frequency of students, 80-89 there is 4 frequency of students, 90-99 there is 4 frequency of students . For the sum of frequency, we got 45.Firstly, we need to search for the class midpoint , xi for the class limit between , 0-9 , we calculate like this , 0+9 and divide by 2 , so we get 4.5 . so for the other class limit , the value is , 14.5 , 24.5, 34.5 , 44.5, 54.5 , 64.5 , 74.5 , 84.5, 94.5 . So for the lower class boundary , how to calculate it , example for the class limit of 0-9 , the lower class boundary is 0 , but for the class limit of 10-19 , how to calculate it , 10 add with 9 and divide by 2 , so we get 9.5 . So for lower boundary of class limit , we get 0 , 9.5 , 19.5, 29.5, 39.5 , 49.5, 59.5 ,69.5 , 79.5 and 89.5.For the cumulative frequency, we just add the frequency of class limit before and the class limit of the data that you calculate. For example, for cumulative frequency of class 0-9 , the cumulative frequency is just 3 . Because, there is no value before 3 so we just add 3 plus 0 so we get 3 . For the next class limit, that is 10-19, the frequency that is 6 is added with frequency before that is 3 , so 6 plus 3 we got 9 .It is the same way to calculate the other cumulative frequency of class limit . So from the class limit 0 to 9 , 9 to 19 and after that , the value is 3,9,11,15,18,24,30,37,41 and 45 .
To measure of central tendency that is mean, mode and median, we need to gather all the information. In the nutshell , we get the class midpoint , it is 2372.5 . As we have shown, we the value of mean is 52.72 , median is 57.0 , mode is 72.0 . The variance is 774.04 and the standard deviation ,s is 27.82 . So mean for this case study of the last two digits of IC number in 2DAA_GA is 52.7252 which show for the girls and the median is 57.0 which is show the guy . So as the conclusion , we can conclude that the numbers of boys and the girls in the class is approximately .
5.0) References
Books
Nafisah@Kamariah Md. Kamaruddin el. Al. (2015). Statistics (DAS 20502) . Pusat Pengajian Diploma, UTHM Publisher .
Wadpole Mayer . Probability And Statistics For Engineers And Scientists. Prentice Hall .1993.
6.0)
Attachment a) Probability and Statistics For Engineers And Scientist
b) Statistics DAS 20502
Minutes of meeting 1
DATE: 19 March 2015
TIME: 10p.m-12p.m
PLACE : Taman Universiti
ATTENDANCE:
Fattiha
Syuhadah
Farrah
Azzah
ACTIVITIES
Discuss on the variables.
Divide the job scopes: Fattiha : Variables, minutes of meetings
Syuhadah: FILA Table, solutions
Farrah: Result and discussion, references
Azzah: Introduction, problem background
Verified by,
...........................................
( Nurul Fattiha Binti Ishak) Date:
Minutes of Meeting 2
DATE: 24 March 2015
TIME: 10p.m-12p.m
PLACE : Taman Universiti
ATTENDANCE:
1)Fattiha
2)Syuhadah
3) Farrah
4) Azzah
ACTIVITIES
1)Discuss on the problem arises.
2)Collect parts of the report from every member and combine them.
3)Preparation for the presentation.
Verified by,
...........................................
( Nurul Fattiha Binti Ishak) Date:
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