BOOK REVIEWS 591

in treatment, even in an adjunctive role. The preface states “TRD continues to confaund our conventional nemochemical, psychopharmacological and psychodynamic theories and assumptions about affective disorders”. Has the editor confused ‘psychological’ with ‘psychodynamic’ approaches (one would hope not!) and if not, why do outcome measures fail to account for whether their patients are in receipt of psychological treatments, which have some proven effectiveness, and especially as their own results are in the main confusing? Another major weakness is the faihrre to state outcome aims (mood improvement, prophylactic, educative, to increase receptivity to psychological interventions etc). How, then, can relative efficacy be measured? If the book’s remit was to limit itself to the neurological, it has certainly achieved this, but in my view this extreme btinkering is antithetic to its aims and the book thus ill-conceived from the beginning.

S. WETNBERG and K. GOLDEERG: Smristics for the Behaviouraf Sriences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge U.K. (1990). xiii + 62t pp. f25.00.

This handbook covers the basics of both descriptive and inferential statistics, in a manner which is digestible for the average clinician delving into research practice. It is a revised version of Basic Stakvticsfor Education and the Behauioural Sciences by the same authors. Added topics not covered in the first edition include elements of exploratory data analysis, conditional probability and nonparametric statistics. There are also some revisions of basic topics covered in the earlier edition such as binomial and normal probability models, probability levels in hypothesis testing as distinct from significance levels, analysis of variance and correlation regression.

There are additional chapters on descriptive statistics, measures of variability, correlation, simple linear regression, probability, sampling and thorough coverage of inferential statistics. The authors also provide a helpful appendix on basic mathematical skills.

This volume is a ~om~rehensjve basic statisticaI textbook which is written in an informal, almost ~onv~rsat~ona1, style and shoufd prove to be an invduable source book for psychofogicai training, practice and research.

MICHELLE NEW

S. EUMAN and J. S. ANTROBUS (Eds): The Mt’nd in Sleep, 2nd Edn. Wiley, Chichester, U.K. (1991). xv + 588 pp.

This book is concerned mainly with the nature and functions of dreaming. Depriving subjects of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. and waking subjects during REM are the major tools in this research. The chapters are all reviews either of methodology, such as the analysis of dream reporting, or findings on topics such as sleep-onset mentation.

The chapters are, as a rule, not written from a clinical perspective: little attention is devoted to sleep mentation and clinical problems. There is a comprehensive introductory chapter on sieep disorders but this stands apart. Some recent studies of insomnia have investigated the role ofeognitions immediately preceding sleep. However, a chapter on S&J onset mentation scarcely touches on this, atthough it does briefly compare sleep onset mentation with ha~ucinat~ons in psychosis.

In conclusion, this book wilt be invaluable to researchers interested in s&p mentation. It has much less to offer clinicians or clinical research workers.

S. J. R. LtNDSAY

W. DRYDEN: Dryden on CounseIling. Vol. 1, Seminal Papers; Vol. 2, A Dialogue. Whurr, London (199 1). Vol. 1, viii + 155 pp. E17.50; Vol. 2, ix + 73 pp. f12.50.

Dryden on Counseiling, as the name implies, represents mostly the author’s own views and experience as a counsellor. Volume 1 consists of 10 chapters covering mostly the issues of therapeutic alliance and eclectic approach. Volume 2 is exclusively interviews of Dryden by a fellow counsellor.

Volume I is obviously written for very inexperienced counsellors. It contains important messages to counsellors and yet assumes the. readers are totally naive about basic therapeutic issues. For example, in Chapter 2 there is a summary of the different emphases among differing approaches to individual counseihng. The chapters on therapeutic alliance in the context of individual work and coupIe counseiiing are we&written, Rehaviourists who deem alliance issues as incidentaf factors could web learn from it. The author also spells out his view on eclectic approach and emphasizes the importance of e&&c: counsellors being exphcit about the rationale of treatment choice, based on empirical research. On the other hand, the limitation of science’s contribution to the moment-to-moment decision-making is highlighted. Furthermore, he argues that eclectics do not need to integrate all parts of ail available theories but only those parts which has validity and are clinically helpful to form new structures.

Chapters 2 and 3 in Vol. 2 are mostly repetitions of themes of therapeutic alliance and eclecticism in Vol. I. The initial chapter describing the author’s background and how he became a rational-emotive therapist is highly personal. It might make interesting reading to people who know him. However, I doubt whether there is enough justification for publishing it in a counselling series. I like the chapter intended for clients and the chapter an client deterioration and counsellor burnout. I would recommend the chapter for clients to people who do not know much about therapy and are thinking of starting personal counsdling.

0n the whole, I feel the two volumes are useful and would recommend them to novice counselfors. However, it would have been better if the author had been more succinct and perhaps the material condensed into one volume.