STATISTICS

(Kinds of Graphs)

OBJECTIVES:

1. Present data in graphs, tables and charts.

2. Analyze and interpret data from graphs, tables and charts.

3. Appreciate the importance of the lesson in the real-life situation.

GRAPHSGood graphs convey information quickly and easily to the user.

Graphs highlight salient features of the data. They can show relationships that are not obvious from studying a list of numbers.

Graphs can also provide a convenient way to compare different sets of data.

GUIDELINES IN CONSTRUCTING GRAPHS

a. The length of the vertical axis (y-axis), called the ordinate, is about two thirds to three-fourths the length of the horizontal axis (x-axis), called the abscissa.

b. The vertical axis starts with a zero.c. Recording the score values is from left to

right and from the lowest to highest. d. A space of one-half to one column is left

between the vertical axis and the first column, and between the last column and the end of the horizontal axis.

e. The graph is given a title.

PARETO DIAGRAM OR BAR GRAPH

A bar graph contains a bar for each category of a set of qualitative data. The bars are arranged in order of frequency, so that more important categories are emphasized.

It is a really good way to show relative sizes: it is easy to see which types of movie are most liked, and which are least liked, at a glance.

You can use bar graphs to show the relative sizes of many things, such as what type of car people have, how many customers a shop has on different days and so on.

Imagine you just did a survey of your friends to find which kind of movie they liked best:

Table: Favorite Type of MovieComedy Actio

n Romance Drama Sci-fi

4 5 6 1 4

PIE CHART OR CIRCLE GRAPH A pie chart displays qualitative data in the form of a pie.

Each slice of pie represents a different category.

A special chart that uses "pie slices" to show relative sizes of data.

Pie chart is very useful in the analysis of business data. Developers are using pie chart to represent the business data to stakeholders.

A pie chart is a type of a circle graph normally used in showcasing a wholesome quantity; we have to show that how this whole quantity is broken into parts. The whole quantity depicts entire sample space and the pieces of pie in the circle graph are called sectors.  

Imagine you just did a survey of your friends to find which kind of movie they liked best.

Here are the results:

Table: Favorite Type of MovieComedy Action Romanc

eDrama Sci-fi

4 5 6 1 4

HISTOGRAM

A histogram in another kind of graph that uses bars

in its display. This type of graph is used with

quantitative data. Ranges of values, called classes,

are listed at the bottom, and the classes with greater

frequencies have taller bars.

A Histogram is a graphical display of data using

bars of different heights.

Histograms are a great way to show results

of continuous data, such as: weight, height, how

much time and the like.

You asked customers who bought one of the "Aurora" range of skirts how old they were.

The ages were from 5 to 25 years old. You decide to put the results into groups of 5:

Dress Shop Survey

LINE GRAPHS

A line graph is a way of representing two pieces of information, which is usually related and vary with respect to each other. This is useful when comparisons are needed.

At each end of the polygon, a line is drawn back to zero.

PICTOGRAPHA Pictograph is a way of showing data using images.

Each image stands for a certain number of things.

A pictograph uses one or more rows of identical symbols, has a key explaining the meaning of the symbol, and is frequently used to compare output.

Here is a pictograph of how many apples were sold at the local shop over 4 months:

Apples Sold

AREA GRAPHSThese graphs are used to show how something changes with respect to time.

A. Choose only one. Make your own pictograph.

How much money you have (week by week)

How much exercise you get (each day)

How many hours you watch TV every week

How many sports stories are in each newspaper

B. Interpret the graph shown. Then make statements about the data given.

REFERENCES:

mathisfun.com (internet) Making connections in mathematics.

THANK YOU!

PREPARED BY:Ms. Aries M. Masbate

Student Teacher in Mathematics

Mrs. Elizabeth Belbes

Cooperating Teacher