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Static Liquid Measurement Standards Tank Gauging (Ch 3) Christian Skaug, Emerson
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• Large storage tanks (65+ ft high, 160+ ft diameter) • Think about Oil price @ ~100 USD / bbl • Each mm is a lot of inventory value $$$$
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1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Average Oil Price USD/bbl
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• API standards – MPMS Ch. 2 Tank Calibration – MPMS Ch. 3.1A Manual Gauging – MPMS Ch. 3.1B Automatic Tank Gauging (Atmospheric) – MPMS Ch. 3.3 Automatic Tank Gauging (Pressurized) – MPMS Ch. 3.4 Automatic Tank Gauging (Marine, Atmospheric) – MPMS Ch. 3.5 Automatic Tank Gauging (Marine, Pressurized) – MPMS Ch. 3.6 Hybrid Measurements – MPMS Ch. 7 Temperature Measurements – MPMS Ch. 7.3 Automatic Tank Temperature Measurements – MPMS Ch. 11 Physical Properties Data (VCFs) – MPMS Ch. 12 Calculations – API 2350 Overfill Protection – …
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Ch. 8 (Sampl.) Ch. 9
(Density)
Ch. 3.1A
ATT ATG
PT
PT
Ch. 7 Ch. 3.1B
Ch. 3.6 (Online Density)
Ch. 11 (VCF) Ch. 12
(Calc.) Ch. 2 (Tank Cal.)
Ch. 3.3 (Level)
Ch. 7.3 (Temp)
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The API standards typically covers:
• Equipment requirements – Design – Performance
• Installation guidelines for best measurement result in the field for
different applications (best practice, considerations…)
• Procedures
• Physical Properties Data and Calculations
Best practices in tank gauging
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MPMS Ch. 3.1A (Manual Gauging):
- Land and marine tanks
- Health and safety precautions
- Equipment
- Gauging procedures
- Accuracy and Traceability
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MPMS Ch. 3.1A, verification of working tapes:
- Calibrated master tape - Regular intervals - Within +/-2 mm
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MPMS Ch. 3.1B & 3.3, installation and procedures (example):
Typical guidance include: - Stability, still pipe requirements etc… - Considerations such as turbulence… - Calibration/Verification procedures
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MPMS Ch. 3.1B, CT accuracy requirements
Requirement Custody transfer
Factory calibration 1 mm (1/16 in) Effect of installation 3 mm (1/8 in) Initial verification 4 mm (3/16 in) Subsequent verification
4 mm (3/16 in)
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Example (verification of ATG)
Tank Movement
Good procedures are very important!
Date Time Ullage Dip 1 Ullage Dip 2 Ullage Dip 3 Avg. Ullage Level Gauge Diff. Level Remark/ Tape id Sign
Dip Reading Gauge - Dip
mm mm mm mm Ullage mm mm
200x-xx-xx 10.20 16144 16144 16144 16144 16144 0 TT-CS tape (calibrated) TT-CS
200x-xx-xx 10.30 16149 16149 16144 -5 Tape No. 1 (bad) Person 1200x-xx-xx 10.35 16142 16142 16142 16144 2 Tape No. 2 (OK?) Person 1
200x-xx-xx 10.40 16143 16143 16144 1 TT-CS tape (calibrated) Person 1
200x-xx-xx 11.00 16699 16701 16704 16701 16694 -7
16713 after (tank was emptying despite information that level should be stable, would'nt be discovered if only one handdip was taken.) TT-CS
200x-xx-xx 16.00 16838 16837 16838 16838 16839 1 TT-CS
Bad tape Different person
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MPMS Ch. 3.6, Hybrid Tank Measurement System: - Four major components
- ATG - ATT - Pressure sensors - Hybrid processor
- Density or Mass
- Uncertainty calculations
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MPMS Ch. 3.6, Hybrid Tank Measurement System:
CT Accuracy Requirements @ 4 m level: Requirement Custody transfer Density 0.5%
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MPMS Ch. 7.x overview Current Ch 7 will be split up in the following chapters: Ch. 7.1: Liquid-In-Glass Thermometers (pending) Ch. 7.2: PETs (pending) Ch. 7.3: Fixed Automatic Tank Temperature Systems (Oct 2011) Ch. 7.4: Dynamic Temperature Measurement (pending)
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MPMS Ch. 7.3, Equipment requirements (example):
Maximum filling height
Sensor 1
Sensor 2
Sensor n
Sensor n+1
Sensor 3
Anchor weight
Flexible element housing (probe)
Junction box or temperature transmitter
-Temperature sensors -Stratification -...
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MPMS Ch. 7.3, CT system accuracy requirements:
Requirement Custody transfer Factory calibration 0.25 °C (0.5 °F) Initial Field Verification 0.25 °C (0.5 °F) Subsequent Verification
0.5 °C (1 °F)
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MPMS Ch. 11 (Reference Density Calculations)
• Different tables for different product types (53A, 53B,…)
• Input: – Observed Density – Average Temperature – Etc…
• Output:
– Reference Density
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MPMS Ch. 11 (VFC Calculations)
• Different tables for different product types (54A, 54B,…)
• Input: – Reference Density – Average Temperature – Etc…
• Output:
– VCF
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MPMS Ch. 12.1.1 (Calculations Static Petroleum Quantities)
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Ch. 8 (Sampl.) Ch. 9
(Density)
Ch. 3.1A
ATT ATG
PT
PT
Ch. 7 Ch. 3.1B
Ch. 3.6 (Online Density)
Ch. 11 (VCF) Ch. 12
(Calc.) Ch. 2 (Tank Cal.)
Ch. 3.3 (Level)
Ch. 7.3 (Temp)
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Tank gauging coverage
Leve
l perf
orman
ce
Tempera
ture p
erform
ance
Equipm
ent Certif
icatio
n
Lega
l referen
ce
Labo
ratory
enviro
nment
Field Envir
onment
Installa
tion gu
idelines
Procedure
s
Tank
Calibrat
ion
Hybrid
mea
surem
ent
Physical
Properties
Data
Calculat
ions
Custody T
ransfer
Inventory
API
OIML
ISO
Other
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API standards usage:
• Customers want guidelines they know will be accepted world wide (buying/selling). Much easier if possible to say in compliance with API requirements.
• Some customers more or less adopt the standards as their own and make them mandatory requirements.
• Easy to use already written procedures at situations like FAT, SAT (inspections etc)
• Up to date standards
• Aim to harmonize requirements with standards in other standardization organizations => wider acceptance
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THANK YOU!