states of matter 1. develop a rule for each category. this rule should explain why each item is in...
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States of Matter1. Develop a rule for each category.
This rule should explain why each item is in that category. Hint: figure out what all items in a category have in common.
Category 1-Gasoline- Mercury- Rubbing Alcohol- Tap Water- Kerosene
Category 2-Neon- Oxygen- Carbon Monoxide-Carbon Dioxide- Nitrogen- Helium
Category 3-Silver- Sodium Chloride (salt)- Gold- Wood- Aluminum
Testers2. Write down each of the following and
decide which category they would be in based on your rule.
• Bottled perfume• Marble • Coffee• Air• Concrete• Hydrogen
STATES OF MATTER
• Matter can be classified into groups based on the shape and volume of their moving particles–SOLID–LIQUID–GAS–PLASMA
• SOLID - state of matter when materials have definite shape and definite volume– Atoms are packed tightly
together–Atoms are arranged neatly,
orderly–Atoms vibrate around the same
location
Examples of Solids are
• Ice• Frog• Cheese• Bricks• Wood• Popcscle
• Liquid- state of matter when materials have definite volume and indefinite shape– Liquid takes the same shape as its
container–Particles FLOW past one another easily–Atoms are close, but not tight–Atoms are randomly arranged
Examples of Liquids are
• Orange Juice• Water• Soft drinks• Milk• Rubbing Alcohol• Vinegar
• Gas – state of matter when materials have indefinite shape AND indefinite volume– Take shape and volume of container–Atoms spread to fit container–Atoms move rapidly, constantly–Atoms randomly arranged with large
spaces between them
Examples of Gases are
• Steam• Oxygen• Carbon dioxide• Smog• Tear Gas• Helium
• Plasma – state of matter made up of small electrically charged particles–Found where there is
high temperature and pressure
–Rare to find on Earth–Ex, lightning–Used in fluorescent light
bulbs and neon lights
MATTER• Kinetic Energy (KE) - energy
of motion• Higher KE = Higher Temperature
–All matter is made of millions of tiny particles
– these particles are constantly moving, and have KE
Order the states of matter from lowest KE to highest KE
- Solid- Liquid- Gas- Plasma
KE
SHAPE VOLUMEDRAW A DIAGRAM of the molecules
GIVE AN EXAMPLE
SOLID
LIQUID
GAS
PLASMA
Physical Changes- physical properties change but the substance is still the same
Phase Change - reversible physical
change from one state to another
– heat energy is absorbed or released
Energy determines the state!
Add or Subtract Energy. . .
When energy is added, particles move faster!
When energy is taken away, particles move slower!
• Melting – changing from solid to liquid– When a solid gains heat –Temperature and energy
INCREASE
• Freezing – changing from liquid to solid– When a liquid loses heat –Baked cookies are actually
FROZEN because they are solid.–Freezing does not always mean
COLD.–Freezing point and melting point
are the same temperature
• Evaporation – changing from a liquid to a gas –Only liquid touching air
evaporates –Temperature is below boiling
point–Water VAPOR or STEAM = gas– More area = faster evaporation
• Vaporization (boiling) – Change of liquid to a gas- when vapor pressure is the same as atmospheric pressure and bubbling occurs–Vapor pressure - pressure created
by moving gas particles bumping into each other or the container
–Atmospheric pressure – pressure outside the container
• Condensation – change from gas to liquid–Water vapor particles hit a cool
surface, lose heat, and change into water
• Sublimation- change from solid to gas–NO LIQUID IN BETWEEN–Dry ice
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Red = heatingBlue = cooling
Thermal Expansion and Contraction
• Tendency of matter to expand or contract as a result of changes in temperature.
• Typically: when heat is added, matter expands and when heat is removed matter contracts.
• Expand: Get larger• Contract: Get smaller
Starter 11/7• Determine what characteristics the “Yes”
examples share. Write a list.YES NO
-Gasoline burns in a car engine-An iron nail rusts-A copper roof turns green-Food is digested-Photosynthesis occurs in a plant-A silver spoon turns black
-Wax on a candle melts-Ice melts in a cold drink-Frost forms on a window-Water boils in a kettle-Glass shatters -Alcohol and water mix together-Oil and water do not mix together
Part 2• Write down the following list and decide
whether they are “Yes” or “No”
- Sugar is used by the body to produce energy- Snow changes to water vapor- Sugar dissolves in water- Salt water evaporates to dryness- Wood burns in a campfire- “Crazy Glue” hardens when exposed to air
After reading “Was it a Chemical Change”
• Flip the paper over and answer these questions:
1. Summarize the article in 3 or more sentences
2. Create a list of the indicators (how you know) a chemical change occurred
3. What do you think catalysts are? Write where you got that information (the actual words)
4. Explain the difference between a chemical and physical change. How can you separate substances that have been chemically changed?
Starter 11/5