state standard sb5d. relate natural selection to changes in organisms natural selection (15.3)
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State Standard
SB5D. Relate natural selection to changes in organisms
Natural Selection (15.3)
Evolution
Natural Selection Nature acts to
select the individuals that are best adapted for survival and reproduction in a particular environment
15.3 Natural Selection-Speciation-Resistance
Chapter 15
Principles of Natural Selection
Evolution
Individuals in the population show variations.
The variations are inheritable.
Members of the population have more offspring than can survive on available resources (overproduction).
Variations that increase reproductive success have a greater chance of being passed on.
Chapter 15
Natural selection takes place when…
15.3 Natural Selection-Speciation-Resistance
• Industrialization & the peppered moths
Evolution
Stabilizing selection operates to eliminate extreme expressions of a trait when the average expression leads to higher fitness.
15.3 Natural Selection-Speciation-Resistance
Chapter 15
Ex: Peppered Moths before the Industrial Revolution
Evolution
Directional selection makes an organism more fit by selecting against one extreme.
15.3 Natural Selection-Speciation-Resistance
Chapter 15
Ex: Pollution from the Industrial Revolution caused directional selection in the peppered moths.
Evolution
Disruptive selection is a process that splits a population into two groups.
15.3 Natural Selection-Speciation-Resistance
Chapter 15
Ex: Different rock types in the same biome will favor different coat varieties of these mice
Evolution
Sexual selection operates in populations where males and females differ significantly in appearance.
Qualities of sexual attractiveness appear to be the opposite of qualities that might enhance survival.
15.3 Natural Selection-Speciation-Resistance
Chapter 15
Evolution
Adaptive Radiation – AKA Divergent Evolution/Speciation
Can occur in a relatively short time when one speciesgives rise to many different species in response to the creation of new habitat or some other ecological opportunity
15.3 Natural Selection-Speciation-Resistance
Chapter 15
Evolution
Coevolution
The relationship between two species might be so close that the evolution of one species affects the evolution of the other species.
Associated with mutualism
15.3 Natural Selection-Speciation-Resistance
Chapter 15
Evolution
Unrelated species evolve similar traits because of similar environmental pressures.
Convergent Evolution
15.3 Natural Selection-Speciation-Resistance
Chapter 15
Evolution
Rate of Speciation Evolution proceeds in small, gradual steps
according to a theory called gradualism.
Punctuated equilibrium explains rapid spurts of genetic change causing species to diverge quickly.
15.3 Natural Selection-Speciation-Resistance
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.3 Natural Selection-Speciation-Resistance
Chapter 15
1. A2. B3. C4. D
FQ 14
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EvolutionChapter 15
15.3 Formative Questions
A. coevolution
B. convergent evolution
C. directional evolution
D. divergent evolution
Which evolutionary pattern is represented by the similarities between these two organisms that live on separate continents?
1. A2. B3. C4. D
CAQ 2
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EvolutionChapter 15
Chapter Assessment Questions
A. coevolution
B. mutation
C. adaptive radiation
D. convergent evolution
The divergent evolution of these cichlid fish is an example of what type of speciation?
1. A2. B3. C4. D
CAQ 3
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EvolutionChapter 15
Chapter Assessment Questions
A. gradual
B. elevated
C. sequential
D. punctuated
What tempo of evolution does this model represent?
1. A2. B3. C
STP 5
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EvolutionChapter 15
Standardized Test Practice
Within a population of squirrels, those that live higher in the mountains where it is cooler have long fur. Squirrels that live in the foothills where it is warmer have short fur. The original population is believed to have had intermediate fur length. Which graph represents this type of natural selection?
A. B.
C.