state of water
TRANSCRIPT
A Down To Earth annual 39
Both surface and groundwater in the country are under stress. One of the reasons is the substantial increase in the number of grossly polluting industries between 2011 and 2018. Groundwater is overexploited,
which is running 94.5 per cent of all minor irrigation schemes in the country
STATE OF WATER
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State of India’s Environment 2019: In Figures40
Haryana Ghaggar
Punjab Satluj,
Ghaggar
Sabarmati
Damanganga
Mithi
Patalganga
Kayamkula KayalParavur
Vembanad
S T A T E O F W A T E R
Gujarat Bhadar, Khari,
Sabarmati
Moonsar
Daman & Diu Dadra & Nagar Haveli
Damanganga
Jhelum
Khari
Bhadar
Moonsar
What is chemical oxygen demand (COD): It is a parameter to assess the chemical contamination of water bodies. The COD level in a water body should not exceed 250 mg/l. The central pollution control board (cpcb), in association with the state pollution control boards, monitors the river water quality across the country through a network of stations under the National Water Quality Monitoring Programme
> 250 mg/l 170 - 250 mg/l 85 - 170 mg/l 50 - 85 mg/l 25- 50 mg/l
38 riverscritically polluted
Rivers
253Total
38
17
53
67
78
27 lakescritically polluted
3 pondscritically polluted
18 tankscritically polluted
Lakes
Ponds
Tanks
133Total
47Total
79Total
27
3
18
11
14
10
2527
8
11
28
15
11
20
31
Source: Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change as on March 2018
Dirty water | 17 per cent of the water bodies monitored by CPCB are critically polluted
CRITICAL WATER BODIES86 water bodies are critically polluted, having a chemical oxygen demand concentration of more than 250 mg/l, which is the discharge standard for a polluting source such as sewage treatment plants and industrial effluent treatment plants
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A Down To Earth annual 41
Rivers
Water bodies (lakes, ponds & tanks)
West Bengal Damodar
Uttarakhand Bhalla, Dhela
Uttar Pradesh Hindon, Kali (W),
Kalinadi (E)
Tamil Nadu Cauvery, Sarabanga,
Thirumanimuthar, Vasista
Nagaland Dhansiri
Meghalaya Umkhrah
Maharashtra Mithi, Patalganga
Madhya Pradesh Betwa, Gour, Khan,
Narmada
Telangana Musi
Fox Sagar, Laxminarayana, Miralam, Noor Md. Kunta, Saroornagar, Asani Kunta, Sai Chivuru, Chinna Waddepally, Gandhigudum, Kajipally, Kistaraddy, Mallapur, Premajipet
Kerala Chitrapuzha, Periyar, Pamba,
Neeleswaram, Karamana, Korayar, Thirur
Kayamkula Kayal, Kodungalloor, Paravur, Punnamada Kayal, Vembanad, Vembanadu
Karnataka Bhima
Arakere, Bellandur, Dalavai, Hebbal, Hulimavu, Karihobanahalli, Mulbhagal, Puttenahalli, Shettykere, Singasandra, Somasundrapalya, Ulsoor, Yediyur, Yennehole, Aianakere, Beenniganahalli, Dhorekere, Herekere, Madavara, Mavenakere, Melekote, Pavagada, Shivapura, Uttarahalli Doraikere, Veerapura, Vengaihnakere
Jammu & Kashmir Jhelum
Himachal Pradesh Giri, Sukhana
Khaziar
Haryana Ghaggar
Chhattisgarh Hitkasa Tailing
Reservoir
Bihar Sikrana
Assam Elangabeel
Punjab Satluj,
GhaggarSatluj
Khaziar
Ghaggar
Giri
Yamuna
Narmada
Dhansiri
Damodar
Sabarmati
Damanganga
Cauvery
Sarabanga
Vasista
Periyar
Thirur
Pamba
Karamana
Thirumanimuthar
Mithi
Patalganga
BhimaMusi
Betwa
Delhi Yamuna
Fox Sagar Chinna WaddepallySaroornagarMiralam
Arakere
Bellandur
Kayamkula KayalParavur
Kajipally
Kajipally
HebbalMulbhagal
HulimavuPuttenahalli
Shettykere
Vembanad
Southward trend | Karnataka, Telangana and Kerala have the most critically polluted rivers and water bodies
Jhelum
Moonsar
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State of India’s Environment 2019: In Figures42
Shuklaganj
Fatehpur
Bridge at Kanpur-I (Bridge at Shukla Ganj)
U T T A R A K H A N D
GANGA RIVER
Haridwar Barrage
Jagjeetpur STP U/SJagjeetpur STP D/S
Water quality at different stretches of the Ganga during 2017-18 pre-monsoon
Madhya Ganga Barrage
Bridge at Anupshahar
River Ganga Kacchla Ghat
Bridge SH21 d/s Kannauj
Bridge at Bithoor
Bridge 2 at Kanpur NH25 (River Pandu)
Barrage at Narora
Bridge on Kali River at Kanpur-Farrukhabad Road near Khudaganj
Shukratal Ghat (Saloni River)
Ramganga d/s of Moradabad
Bijnor
Anupshahr
Muradabad
Narora Budaun
Khudaganj
Ghatia ghat
Kannauj
Bithoor Kanpur
Pandu river
Muzaffarnagar
Jagjeetpur
Haridwar
Between Road rail bridge Bhruti near Panki (River Pandu)
Clean Slight Moderate Severe
Source: Comparison of Biological Water Quality of River Ganga (2014-18) by Central Pollution Control Board
GANGA POLLUTION40 out of 41 stretches of the Ganga were polluted during 2017-18 pre-monsoon season. Three of the stretches at the Pandu river and Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh were severely polluted, while 34 stretches in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal were moderately polluted
S T A T E O F W A T E R
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A Down To Earth annual 43
J H A R K H A N D
W E S T B E N G A L
Bridge at Ghatia Ghat
Bridge SH40 d/s Of Kannauj
Bridge d/s of tributaroy near Sirsa (pontoon bridge near Sirsa, Allahabad) UP40
River Ganga at Malsalami
River Ganga at Gandhi Ghat
2nd inlet stream u/s of Ganga Nallah
River Ganga near Howrah Bridge
River Ganga at Garden Reach
Bridge on GT Road
Shuklaganj
Fatehpur
Patna
Falgu river MurshidabadBerhampore
Srirampore
Belgharia Ballykhal
Howrah Bridge Garden Reach
Barrage U/S Kanpur
U/s Bathing Ghat Kanpur (Deorighat) d/s Kanpur
Bridge on River Ganga near Fatehpur (Asni Village)
Allahabad
Nalla at Allahabad 4
Varanasi Upstream
Varanasi downstream (d/s Rajghat bridge)
Bathing Ghat at Varanasi 1 (Puranapul)
Bridge on River Gomti in Varanasi
Tributary at Rajwari (CCS Pump Canal Pumping station)
River Ganga d/s of Murshidabad (d/s of Behrampore)
Digha Ghat (Janardan Ghat)
1st inlet stream from west u/s of Ganga
Nallah (Falgu River)
River Ganga near Belgharia
River Ganga at Fatuha
River Ganga d/s Murshidabad (u/s
Beharampore)
Nalla opposite Ghat d/s of Srirampore
Nalla at Ballykhal
Varanasi
Kanpur
Pandu river
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