State Assessment ReviewState Assessment Review

Physical SciencePhysical Science

S.HS.2B.3.5S.HS.2B.3.5

subatomic particlessubatomic particles – the three main – the three main particles that exist in an atom (proton, particles that exist in an atom (proton, neutron, and electron)neutron, and electron)protonproton – a subatomic particle that has a – a subatomic particle that has a

positive charge and is found in the nucleus of positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atoman atom

electronelectron – a subatomic particle that has a – a subatomic particle that has a negative charge and is located outside the negative charge and is located outside the nucleus in the electron cloud, much smaller nucleus in the electron cloud, much smaller than the proton and neutronthan the proton and neutron

Two charged particles exert a force on one Two charged particles exert a force on one another. These forces become stronger another. These forces become stronger with an increased magnitude of charge with an increased magnitude of charge and are decreased when the distance and are decreased when the distance between the charges becomes greater. between the charges becomes greater. Opposite charges attract each other.Opposite charges attract each other. Like charges repel each other.Like charges repel each other.

When charged particles accelerate, a magnetic When charged particles accelerate, a magnetic field is produced. field is produced.

In the presence of a magnetic field, an electric In the presence of a magnetic field, an electric current can be produced (moving charged current can be produced (moving charged particles).particles). Every electron is moving around the nucleus of an Every electron is moving around the nucleus of an

atom, so every electron is a tiny magnet. atom, so every electron is a tiny magnet. Not all objects are magnetic because the electrons Not all objects are magnetic because the electrons

are spinning in different directions and their magnetic are spinning in different directions and their magnetic fields cancel each other out.fields cancel each other out.

The electric field given off by the charged The electric field given off by the charged particle combined with the magnetic field particle combined with the magnetic field given off by its motion produces an given off by its motion produces an electromagnetic wave.electromagnetic wave.electromagnetic waveelectromagnetic wave – a transverse wave – a transverse wave

composed of alternating electric and magnetic composed of alternating electric and magnetic fields arranged in order of their wavelength fields arranged in order of their wavelength and frequencyand frequency

Electromagnetic waves include:Electromagnetic waves include: (low frequency, high wavelength) Radio Waves – (low frequency, high wavelength) Radio Waves –

Microwaves – Infrared Waves (Heat) – Visible Light Microwaves – Infrared Waves (Heat) – Visible Light (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet) – (Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet) – Ultraviolet Rays – X Rays – Gamma Rays (high Ultraviolet Rays – X Rays – Gamma Rays (high frequency, low wavelength)frequency, low wavelength)

The energy of electromagnetic waves are carried in The energy of electromagnetic waves are carried in packets which have a magnitude that is inversely packets which have a magnitude that is inversely proportional to the wavelength.proportional to the wavelength.

QuestionsQuestions

1. Stars emit wave energy as electromagnetic 1. Stars emit wave energy as electromagnetic radiation. Which statement best explains the radiation. Which statement best explains the origin of these waves?origin of these waves? A. Accelerated electrons give off energy of various A. Accelerated electrons give off energy of various

wavelengths.wavelengths. B. Electrons that maintain constant kinetic energy B. Electrons that maintain constant kinetic energy

give off waves with constant energy.give off waves with constant energy. C. Accelerated neutrons give off energy at constant C. Accelerated neutrons give off energy at constant

wavelengths.wavelengths. D. Neutrons that maintain maximum kinetic energy D. Neutrons that maintain maximum kinetic energy

give off waves with maximum wavelengths.give off waves with maximum wavelengths.

QuestionsQuestions

1. Stars emit wave energy as electromagnetic 1. Stars emit wave energy as electromagnetic radiation. Which statement best explains the radiation. Which statement best explains the origin of these waves?origin of these waves? A. Accelerated electrons give off energy of A. Accelerated electrons give off energy of

various wavelengths. – correct answervarious wavelengths. – correct answer B. Electrons that maintain constant kinetic energy B. Electrons that maintain constant kinetic energy

give off waves with constant energy.give off waves with constant energy. C. Accelerated neutrons give off energy at constant C. Accelerated neutrons give off energy at constant

wavelengths.wavelengths. D. Neutrons that maintain maximum kinetic energy D. Neutrons that maintain maximum kinetic energy

give off waves with maximum wavelengths.give off waves with maximum wavelengths.

QuestionsQuestions

2. An electron will attract2. An electron will attractA. a proton.A. a proton.B. a neutron.B. a neutron.C. another electron.C. another electron.D. An electron does not attract any other D. An electron does not attract any other

subatomic particles.subatomic particles.

QuestionsQuestions

2. An electron will attract2. An electron will attractA. a proton.A. a proton.B. a neutron.B. a neutron.C. another electron. – correct answerC. another electron. – correct answerD. An electron does not attract any other D. An electron does not attract any other

subatomic particles.subatomic particles.

QuestionsQuestions

3. Which of the following electromagnetic 3. Which of the following electromagnetic waves carries the most energy?waves carries the most energy?A. radio wavesA. radio wavesB. infrared wavesB. infrared wavesC. ultraviolet wavesC. ultraviolet wavesD. X-raysD. X-rays

QuestionsQuestions

3. Which of the following electromagnetic 3. Which of the following electromagnetic waves carries the most energy?waves carries the most energy?A. radio wavesA. radio wavesB. infrared wavesB. infrared wavesC. ultraviolet wavesC. ultraviolet wavesD. X-rays – correct answerD. X-rays – correct answer

QuestionsQuestions

4. What is the source of a magnetic field?4. What is the source of a magnetic field?A. moving neutronsA. moving neutronsB. stationary protonsB. stationary protonsC. moving electronsC. moving electronsD. stationary neutronsD. stationary neutrons

QuestionsQuestions

4. What is the source of a magnetic field?4. What is the source of a magnetic field?A. moving neutronsA. moving neutronsB. stationary protonsB. stationary protonsC. moving electronsC. moving electrons – correct answer – correct answerD. stationary neutronsD. stationary neutrons