stat lingk- slide vi - 2011- analisis data stat deskriptif 2

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  • 8/6/2019 STAT LINGK- Slide VI - 2011- Analisis Data Stat Deskriptif 2

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    Abdul Hadi Kadarusno, SKM, MPH

    http://statistiklingkungan.blogspot.comhttp://alhiko.blogspot.com

    ANALISIS DATAANALISIS DATASTATISTIK DESKRIPTIFSTATISTIK DESKRIPTIF

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    O u t l i n eO u t l i n e

    Pengantar: Analisis Data

    Statistik Deskriptif: Ukuran nilai

    tengah & Ukuran keragaman. Tugas

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    KEGIATAN STATISTIKKEGIATAN STATISTIK

    PENGOLAHAN

    DATA

    PENYAJIAN

    DATA

    PENGUMPULAN

    DATA

    KESIMPULAN

    ANALISIS

    DATA

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    Ukuran Nilai Tengah/ central tendency:

    mean, median, modus

    Ukuran Keragaman :Range, Variance, SD, koefisien keragaman

    ANALISA DESKRIPTIFANALISA DESKRIPTIF

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    PerhitunganPerhitungan

    Ungroup data

    Group data

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    UKURAN NILAI TENGAHUKURAN NILAI TENGAH

    (Ungroup Data) MEAN:

    cara: menjumlahkan semua nilai pengamatankemudian dibagi dengan jumlah pengamatan

    yang dilakukan (interval, ratio) MEDIAN:

    nilai yang di tengah pada data yang diperolehsetelah data di array(diurutkan)

    MODUS:

    nilai yang paling sering muncul / nilai denganfrekuensi tertinggi (nominal, ordinal)

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    MeanMean arithmaticarithmatic

    Lama perawatan (hari) di Rumah Sakit yangdilaporkan dari 5 penderita yaitu 3,5,2,3,2

    Tentukan rerata lama perawatan ke-5 penderita tsb dirumah sakit.

    Jawab: XiMean = = --------------

    n

    3+5+2+3+2

    = ---------------- = 3,0

    5

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    MEDIANMEDIAN

    Nilai pengamatan yang terletak ditengah apabilanilai pengamatan yang disusun dalam array.

    Suatu nilai yg membtsi 50 % frek distrbs bagianbawah dgn 50 % frek distrbs bagian atas.

    Pada jumlah pengamatan yang ganjil, nilaimedian terletak ditengah dan membagi duabagian yang sama besar pada array.

    Sedang pada jumlah pengamatan yang genap

    nilai pengamatan yang terdapat ditengah tengah array

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    MedianMedian

    Contoh : Lama perawatan (hari) di RS yangdilaporkan dari 5 penderita yaitu 3,5,2,3,2.Tentukan median lama perawatan

    Jawab:1. Susun nilai pengamatan dalam array ; 2, 2, 3, 3, 52. Letak median ditentukan.

    Letak Md = n + 1

    2= 5 + 1

    2= 3, pd observasi ke-3 yaitu 3 hari.

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    MedianMedian

    Bila 6 penderita, mempunyai lama perawatansbb ; 6, 3, 2, 6, 1, 8

    Jawab :

    1. Susunlah nilai pengamatan dalam bentuk

    array:1, 2, 3, 6, 6, 8

    2. Letak Median = n + 1

    2

    = 6 + 12

    = 3,5

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    Nilai Median terletak pada pengamatanyang ke-3 dan ke-4.

    Nilai Median = 3 + 6

    2= 4,5

    Jadi Median lama perawatan adalah:4,5 hari.

    MedianMedian

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    MODE / MODUSMODE / MODUS

    Nilai ini jarang digunakan. Mode dapatdidefenisikan sebagai nilai pengamatan yangmempunyai frekwensi terbanyak.

    Suatu kumpulan data mempunyai satu mode(unimodal), dua mode (bimodal). Mode dapatdigunakan dalam mendiskripsikan datakualitatif, misalnya diagnose penyakit.

    Contoh Data kualitatif:

    1. Kebanyakan pemuda Indonesia merokok

    2. Kebanyakan tentara berambut pendek

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    ModusModus

    Data kuantitatif: Tentukan nilai modelama perawatan: 3,5,2,3,2

    Jawab : Dari pengamatan diperoleh

    nilai pengamatan 2 mempunyaifrekwensi yang terbanyak yaitu 2penderita.

    Jadi nilai mode adalah 2 hari.

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    Contoh Data Kuantitatif:

    Hasil pencatatan umur pegawai di

    kantor X adalah sbb ( dalam tahun):20, 45, 60, 56, 45, 45, 20, 19, 57, 45,45, 51, 35.

    ModusModus

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    Tabel data sbb:

    13JUMLAH

    1

    2

    1

    5 ( Modus)1

    1

    1

    1

    JUMLAH

    19

    20

    35

    4551

    56

    57

    60

    UMUR PEGAWAI

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    PerhitunganPerhitungan nilainilai tengahtengah padapada datadata

    yangyang dikelompokkandikelompokkan

    ((GROUPED DATA)GROUPED DATA)

    Bila kita mempunyai data yang banyak

    misalnya ribuan banyaknya, makaperhitungan mean, median, dan modememerlukan waktu yang banyak. Untukitu data perlu dikelompokkan lebih

    dahulu untuk membentuk distribusifrekwensinya.

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    DataData KadarKadar DebuDebu UdaraUdara didi 6060 titiktitik KotaKota

    YogyaYogya ((MingguMinggu KetigaKetiga OktoberOktober 10).10).

    69697787677177816591

    71518393606373895759

    83917358679145946769

    41759653614975795561

    56697365926770626571

    59897363577752777356

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    STATISTIK DESKRIPTIFSTATISTIK DESKRIPTIF

    UNTUK GROUPED DATAUNTUK GROUPED DATA Menentukan jumlah / banyaknya kelas :

    K = 1 + 3,322 (log n)

    Menentukan lebar / Interval kelas :

    Range

    W =

    K

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    41 45 49 51 52 53 55 56 56 57 5758 59 59 60 61 61 62 63 63

    65 65 65 67 67 67 67 69 69 69 69

    70 71 71 71 73 73 73 73 73

    75 75 77 77 77 77 79 81 83 83

    87 89 89 91 91 91 92 93 94 96

    Menyusun data dalam bentuk Array:

    a. Menentukan jumlah kelas

    K = 1 + 3,3 Log NK = 1 + 3,3 Log 60

    K = 1 + 3,3 (1,78)K = 6,8 atau 7

    b. Menentukan Interval Kelas

    = 8,09 dibulatkan jadi 9

    K

    RangeCi

    8,6

    4196Ci

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    ---60Jumlah

    0

    2

    1123

    42

    50

    58

    60

    44

    5362

    71

    80

    89

    98

    39.5

    48.5

    57.566.5

    75.5

    84.5

    93.5

    102.5

    2

    912

    19

    8

    8

    2

    40 - 48

    49 - 5758 - 66

    67 - 75

    76 - 84

    85 - 93

    94 - 102

    FKKDNilai Tengah(x)

    Tepi KelasFDistribusi

    TabelTabel DistribusiDistribusi FrekuensiFrekuensi

    (bergolong)(bergolong) KadarKadar DebuDebu

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    f x

    x = dimana :

    n

    = sigma

    f = frekuensi tiap kelas

    x = nilai tengah (mid point) tiap kelas

    n = banyaknya observasi/data

    MEAN / RERATA :MEAN / RERATA :

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    Tabel data menghitung Mean

    = 4.166-n= 60Jumlah

    48

    477

    744

    1.349640

    712

    196

    44

    53

    62

    7180

    89

    98

    2

    9

    12

    198

    8

    2

    40 - 48

    49 - 57

    58 - 66

    67 - 7576 - 84

    85 - 93

    94 - 102

    f xNilai Tengah(x)

    FDistribusi

    4.166

    Mean = --------- = 69,4333

    60

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    MedianMedian Rumus :

    ( N/2 F)

    Md = b + p -------------

    f

    b = batas bawah kelas median terletak.

    N = jumlah observasi/data

    F = jumlah frekwensi kumulatif sblm kelas Me

    p = interval/panjang kelas Me

    f = jumlah frekwensi kelas Me.

    MEDIAN (MEDIAN (MdMd/Me):/Me):

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    Tabel data menghitung Median

    -60Jumlah

    0

    2

    11

    23

    42

    50

    58

    60

    2

    9

    12

    19

    8

    8

    2

    40 - 48

    49 - 57

    58 - 66

    67 - 75

    76 - 84

    85 - 93

    94 - 102

    FKKDFDistribusi N/2 = 60/2 = 30,

    b = 67,p = 9,

    F = 23,f = 19

    Hitung dgnRumus:

    (N/2 F)

    Md = b + p -------------f

    (30 23)Md = 67 + 9 --------------

    19

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    MODUS (Mo) :MODUS (Mo) :

    Rumus:

    Mo = b + p ( b1 )

    b1 + b2

    Mo = Modus

    b = batas bawah klas interval dengan frekuensi terbanyak

    p = panjang klas interval

    b1 = frekuensi pada klas modus (frekuensi pada klas interval

    terbanyak) dikurangi frekuensi klas interval terdekat

    sebelumnya

    b2 = frekuensi klas modus dikurangi frekuensi klas interval

    berikutnya

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    Modus :

    Nilai tengah (mid point) dari kelas denganfrekuensi paling tinggi berada

    Rumus empiris:

    Mo = 3 Md 2 X

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    ContohContoh SoalSoal Modus:Modus:

    -

    44

    53

    62

    ( 71 )80

    89

    98

    Nilai Tengah (x)

    n= 60Jumlah

    2

    9

    12

    198

    8

    2

    40 - 48

    49 - 57

    58 - 66

    67 - 7576 - 84

    85 - 93

    94 - 102

    FDistribusi

    Mo = 67 + 9 ( 19 12 ) = 70,5

    {(19-12)+(19-8)}Mo = b + p ( b1 )

    b1 + b2

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    Range

    Mean Deviation / Rata2 Simpangan

    Standart Deviation/ Simpangan Baku Variance / Varians

    Koefisien keragaman

    UKURAN KERAGAMAN/UKURAN KERAGAMAN/

    NILAI PENYEBARANNILAI PENYEBARAN

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    RANGERANGE

    Nilai yang menyatakan perbedaan antaranilai terbesar dengan terkecil

    Range = Xt Xr

    Dimana :Xt = Data terbesar

    Xr = Data terkecil

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    41 45 49 51 52 53 55 56 56 57 57

    58 59 59 60 61 61 62 63 63

    65 65 65 67 67 67 67 69 69 69 69

    70 71 71 71 73 73 73 73 73

    75 75 77 77 77 77 79 81 83 8387 89 89 91 91 91 92 93 94 96

    Menyusun data dalam bentuk Array:

    554196 Range

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    VARIANCE (sVARIANCE (s22) :) :

    Rerata hitung dari kuadrat penyimpangansetiap nilai terhadap rerata hitungnya

    Variance utk data bergolong:

    n fx2 - (fx)2

    s2 =

    n (n 1)

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    ContohContoh HitungHitung Varian:Varian:

    -

    1.936

    2.809

    3.844

    5.041

    6.400

    7.921

    9,604

    x2

    304.836

    3.872

    25.281

    46.128

    95.779

    51.200

    63.368

    19.208

    F.x2

    4.166

    48

    477

    744

    1.349

    640

    712

    196

    F.x

    -n= 60Jumlah

    44

    53

    62

    71

    80

    89

    98

    2

    9

    12

    19

    8

    8

    2

    40 - 48

    49 - 57

    58 - 66

    67 - 75

    76 - 84

    85 - 93

    94 - 102

    Nilai Tengah

    (x)

    FDistribusi

    n fx2 (fx)2 60 (304.836) (4.166)2

    s2 = ---------------------- = --------------------------------- = ....? !...n (n 1) 60 (60 1)

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    STANDAR DEVIASI :STANDAR DEVIASI :

    SD = s = Variance

    SD = Simpangan Baku

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    KOEFISIEN KERAGAMANKOEFISIEN KERAGAMAN

    = Koef. Variasi = KV = Untuk mengukur/melihat perbedaan besarnya keragamanantara 2 ukuran yang mempunyai skala/

    satuan berbeda.

    Rumus :

    SD

    KV = --------- x 100 %Mean

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    TUGAS LATIHANTUGAS LATIHAN

    Hitunglah berapa nilai :

    Mean,

    Median &

    Modus

    dari data ujian Mid Smtr lalu.

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    SEKIANSEKIAN

    TERIMATERIMA

    KASIHKASIH SELAMATSELAMAT

    BELAJARBELAJAR