stat lingk- slide vi - 2011- analisis data stat deskriptif 2
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Abdul Hadi Kadarusno, SKM, MPH
http://statistiklingkungan.blogspot.comhttp://alhiko.blogspot.com
ANALISIS DATAANALISIS DATASTATISTIK DESKRIPTIFSTATISTIK DESKRIPTIF
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O u t l i n eO u t l i n e
Pengantar: Analisis Data
Statistik Deskriptif: Ukuran nilai
tengah & Ukuran keragaman. Tugas
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KEGIATAN STATISTIKKEGIATAN STATISTIK
PENGOLAHAN
DATA
PENYAJIAN
DATA
PENGUMPULAN
DATA
KESIMPULAN
ANALISIS
DATA
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Ukuran Nilai Tengah/ central tendency:
mean, median, modus
Ukuran Keragaman :Range, Variance, SD, koefisien keragaman
ANALISA DESKRIPTIFANALISA DESKRIPTIF
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PerhitunganPerhitungan
Ungroup data
Group data
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UKURAN NILAI TENGAHUKURAN NILAI TENGAH
(Ungroup Data) MEAN:
cara: menjumlahkan semua nilai pengamatankemudian dibagi dengan jumlah pengamatan
yang dilakukan (interval, ratio) MEDIAN:
nilai yang di tengah pada data yang diperolehsetelah data di array(diurutkan)
MODUS:
nilai yang paling sering muncul / nilai denganfrekuensi tertinggi (nominal, ordinal)
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MeanMean arithmaticarithmatic
Lama perawatan (hari) di Rumah Sakit yangdilaporkan dari 5 penderita yaitu 3,5,2,3,2
Tentukan rerata lama perawatan ke-5 penderita tsb dirumah sakit.
Jawab: XiMean = = --------------
n
3+5+2+3+2
= ---------------- = 3,0
5
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MEDIANMEDIAN
Nilai pengamatan yang terletak ditengah apabilanilai pengamatan yang disusun dalam array.
Suatu nilai yg membtsi 50 % frek distrbs bagianbawah dgn 50 % frek distrbs bagian atas.
Pada jumlah pengamatan yang ganjil, nilaimedian terletak ditengah dan membagi duabagian yang sama besar pada array.
Sedang pada jumlah pengamatan yang genap
nilai pengamatan yang terdapat ditengah tengah array
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MedianMedian
Contoh : Lama perawatan (hari) di RS yangdilaporkan dari 5 penderita yaitu 3,5,2,3,2.Tentukan median lama perawatan
Jawab:1. Susun nilai pengamatan dalam array ; 2, 2, 3, 3, 52. Letak median ditentukan.
Letak Md = n + 1
2= 5 + 1
2= 3, pd observasi ke-3 yaitu 3 hari.
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MedianMedian
Bila 6 penderita, mempunyai lama perawatansbb ; 6, 3, 2, 6, 1, 8
Jawab :
1. Susunlah nilai pengamatan dalam bentuk
array:1, 2, 3, 6, 6, 8
2. Letak Median = n + 1
2
= 6 + 12
= 3,5
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Nilai Median terletak pada pengamatanyang ke-3 dan ke-4.
Nilai Median = 3 + 6
2= 4,5
Jadi Median lama perawatan adalah:4,5 hari.
MedianMedian
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MODE / MODUSMODE / MODUS
Nilai ini jarang digunakan. Mode dapatdidefenisikan sebagai nilai pengamatan yangmempunyai frekwensi terbanyak.
Suatu kumpulan data mempunyai satu mode(unimodal), dua mode (bimodal). Mode dapatdigunakan dalam mendiskripsikan datakualitatif, misalnya diagnose penyakit.
Contoh Data kualitatif:
1. Kebanyakan pemuda Indonesia merokok
2. Kebanyakan tentara berambut pendek
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ModusModus
Data kuantitatif: Tentukan nilai modelama perawatan: 3,5,2,3,2
Jawab : Dari pengamatan diperoleh
nilai pengamatan 2 mempunyaifrekwensi yang terbanyak yaitu 2penderita.
Jadi nilai mode adalah 2 hari.
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Contoh Data Kuantitatif:
Hasil pencatatan umur pegawai di
kantor X adalah sbb ( dalam tahun):20, 45, 60, 56, 45, 45, 20, 19, 57, 45,45, 51, 35.
ModusModus
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Tabel data sbb:
13JUMLAH
1
2
1
5 ( Modus)1
1
1
1
JUMLAH
19
20
35
4551
56
57
60
UMUR PEGAWAI
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PerhitunganPerhitungan nilainilai tengahtengah padapada datadata
yangyang dikelompokkandikelompokkan
((GROUPED DATA)GROUPED DATA)
Bila kita mempunyai data yang banyak
misalnya ribuan banyaknya, makaperhitungan mean, median, dan modememerlukan waktu yang banyak. Untukitu data perlu dikelompokkan lebih
dahulu untuk membentuk distribusifrekwensinya.
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DataData KadarKadar DebuDebu UdaraUdara didi 6060 titiktitik KotaKota
YogyaYogya ((MingguMinggu KetigaKetiga OktoberOktober 10).10).
69697787677177816591
71518393606373895759
83917358679145946769
41759653614975795561
56697365926770626571
59897363577752777356
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STATISTIK DESKRIPTIFSTATISTIK DESKRIPTIF
UNTUK GROUPED DATAUNTUK GROUPED DATA Menentukan jumlah / banyaknya kelas :
K = 1 + 3,322 (log n)
Menentukan lebar / Interval kelas :
Range
W =
K
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41 45 49 51 52 53 55 56 56 57 5758 59 59 60 61 61 62 63 63
65 65 65 67 67 67 67 69 69 69 69
70 71 71 71 73 73 73 73 73
75 75 77 77 77 77 79 81 83 83
87 89 89 91 91 91 92 93 94 96
Menyusun data dalam bentuk Array:
a. Menentukan jumlah kelas
K = 1 + 3,3 Log NK = 1 + 3,3 Log 60
K = 1 + 3,3 (1,78)K = 6,8 atau 7
b. Menentukan Interval Kelas
= 8,09 dibulatkan jadi 9
K
RangeCi
8,6
4196Ci
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---60Jumlah
0
2
1123
42
50
58
60
44
5362
71
80
89
98
39.5
48.5
57.566.5
75.5
84.5
93.5
102.5
2
912
19
8
8
2
40 - 48
49 - 5758 - 66
67 - 75
76 - 84
85 - 93
94 - 102
FKKDNilai Tengah(x)
Tepi KelasFDistribusi
TabelTabel DistribusiDistribusi FrekuensiFrekuensi
(bergolong)(bergolong) KadarKadar DebuDebu
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f x
x = dimana :
n
= sigma
f = frekuensi tiap kelas
x = nilai tengah (mid point) tiap kelas
n = banyaknya observasi/data
MEAN / RERATA :MEAN / RERATA :
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Tabel data menghitung Mean
= 4.166-n= 60Jumlah
48
477
744
1.349640
712
196
44
53
62
7180
89
98
2
9
12
198
8
2
40 - 48
49 - 57
58 - 66
67 - 7576 - 84
85 - 93
94 - 102
f xNilai Tengah(x)
FDistribusi
4.166
Mean = --------- = 69,4333
60
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MedianMedian Rumus :
( N/2 F)
Md = b + p -------------
f
b = batas bawah kelas median terletak.
N = jumlah observasi/data
F = jumlah frekwensi kumulatif sblm kelas Me
p = interval/panjang kelas Me
f = jumlah frekwensi kelas Me.
MEDIAN (MEDIAN (MdMd/Me):/Me):
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Tabel data menghitung Median
-60Jumlah
0
2
11
23
42
50
58
60
2
9
12
19
8
8
2
40 - 48
49 - 57
58 - 66
67 - 75
76 - 84
85 - 93
94 - 102
FKKDFDistribusi N/2 = 60/2 = 30,
b = 67,p = 9,
F = 23,f = 19
Hitung dgnRumus:
(N/2 F)
Md = b + p -------------f
(30 23)Md = 67 + 9 --------------
19
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MODUS (Mo) :MODUS (Mo) :
Rumus:
Mo = b + p ( b1 )
b1 + b2
Mo = Modus
b = batas bawah klas interval dengan frekuensi terbanyak
p = panjang klas interval
b1 = frekuensi pada klas modus (frekuensi pada klas interval
terbanyak) dikurangi frekuensi klas interval terdekat
sebelumnya
b2 = frekuensi klas modus dikurangi frekuensi klas interval
berikutnya
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Modus :
Nilai tengah (mid point) dari kelas denganfrekuensi paling tinggi berada
Rumus empiris:
Mo = 3 Md 2 X
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ContohContoh SoalSoal Modus:Modus:
-
44
53
62
( 71 )80
89
98
Nilai Tengah (x)
n= 60Jumlah
2
9
12
198
8
2
40 - 48
49 - 57
58 - 66
67 - 7576 - 84
85 - 93
94 - 102
FDistribusi
Mo = 67 + 9 ( 19 12 ) = 70,5
{(19-12)+(19-8)}Mo = b + p ( b1 )
b1 + b2
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Range
Mean Deviation / Rata2 Simpangan
Standart Deviation/ Simpangan Baku Variance / Varians
Koefisien keragaman
UKURAN KERAGAMAN/UKURAN KERAGAMAN/
NILAI PENYEBARANNILAI PENYEBARAN
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RANGERANGE
Nilai yang menyatakan perbedaan antaranilai terbesar dengan terkecil
Range = Xt Xr
Dimana :Xt = Data terbesar
Xr = Data terkecil
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41 45 49 51 52 53 55 56 56 57 57
58 59 59 60 61 61 62 63 63
65 65 65 67 67 67 67 69 69 69 69
70 71 71 71 73 73 73 73 73
75 75 77 77 77 77 79 81 83 8387 89 89 91 91 91 92 93 94 96
Menyusun data dalam bentuk Array:
554196 Range
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VARIANCE (sVARIANCE (s22) :) :
Rerata hitung dari kuadrat penyimpangansetiap nilai terhadap rerata hitungnya
Variance utk data bergolong:
n fx2 - (fx)2
s2 =
n (n 1)
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ContohContoh HitungHitung Varian:Varian:
-
1.936
2.809
3.844
5.041
6.400
7.921
9,604
x2
304.836
3.872
25.281
46.128
95.779
51.200
63.368
19.208
F.x2
4.166
48
477
744
1.349
640
712
196
F.x
-n= 60Jumlah
44
53
62
71
80
89
98
2
9
12
19
8
8
2
40 - 48
49 - 57
58 - 66
67 - 75
76 - 84
85 - 93
94 - 102
Nilai Tengah
(x)
FDistribusi
n fx2 (fx)2 60 (304.836) (4.166)2
s2 = ---------------------- = --------------------------------- = ....? !...n (n 1) 60 (60 1)
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STANDAR DEVIASI :STANDAR DEVIASI :
SD = s = Variance
SD = Simpangan Baku
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KOEFISIEN KERAGAMANKOEFISIEN KERAGAMAN
= Koef. Variasi = KV = Untuk mengukur/melihat perbedaan besarnya keragamanantara 2 ukuran yang mempunyai skala/
satuan berbeda.
Rumus :
SD
KV = --------- x 100 %Mean
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TUGAS LATIHANTUGAS LATIHAN
Hitunglah berapa nilai :
Mean,
Median &
Modus
dari data ujian Mid Smtr lalu.
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SEKIANSEKIAN
TERIMATERIMA
KASIHKASIH SELAMATSELAMAT
BELAJARBELAJAR