starting seeds indoors by chris turse rooting dc
TRANSCRIPT
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Starting Seeds Indoors
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Mendell and His Peas…
• Contains genetic material
• Heirloom
• Open-pollinated vs. hybrid
• Seed saving
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Fertilization
• When a male pollen cell (sperm cell) forms a union with a female egg cell (ovum), a seed is formed
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Seed Anatomy
• Three main parts– embryo
• young plant
– seed coat• protects
– seed leaves (cotyledons)
• food reserve
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Seeds!• 4-18% water
• Smallest seed?
• The largest seed?
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Seed Selection • USDA Zone 7 • Early frost (around October 10th)• Late frost (around May 10th)• Annual• Biennial• Perennial • Season extension
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Seed Selection• Trustworthy dealer • Read information in seed catalogs and on seed
packets
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Germination• Mature seed: right
environment– stratification
– scarification
• KEYS: water, oxygen, and temperature
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Seed Storage
• Leftovers?– Keep inside packet,
place into a plastic bag, and then into a refrigerator
– Time of storage is variable
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Planting Media
• Two groups: soilless media and amended soil mixes
• Soilless media is generally used to start seeds• Amended soil mixes generally used to transplant
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Soilless Media
• Sphagnum moss, pumice, peat moss,vermiculite, perlite, sand, pine bark, coconut fiber, good compost!
• Environmental concerns• Key: fine and uniform yet well aerated and loose• Oxygen!
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Amended Soil Mix
• Transplanting • Contains compost and/or a mixture of organic plant
nutrients • Mix your own or buy pre-mix• Oxygen!
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Sterile Soil• No insects, disease organisms, or weed seeds • Compost contains benefical micro-organisms and may
help fight disease
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Re-using Soil?
• ‘Treat’ the soil in an oven to sterilize it • 250 degrees Fahrenheit • Cook soil at an internal temperature of 180 degrees Fahrenheit for at
least a half hour. • Do not overheat • Smelly process!
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Containers
• Must be sterile • Rinse with 9:1
water:chlorine • Plastic cups, milk
cartons, egg cartons, Newspaper, and yogurt cups, soil blockers
• Put holes in bottom for drainage and oxygen supply to roots
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Containers• Purchase plastic
‘flats‘and ‘trays’• Different sizes for
different crops
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Planting Your Seed
• Fill it to within 3/4 inches from the top with moistened medium
• Gently tamp down (do not press hard!) and create a flat, uniform surface
• Remove rocks, sticks, and/or large clumps of soil from the surface
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Label!
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Planting Depth
• Seed packet • Twice the diameter rule• Most plants germinate in dark• Plant more seeds than you will use
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Water!
• After seeds have been sown, water with room temperature water
• Don’t wash the seeds away or change their depth with heavy watering
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Water!
• ‘Wicking’ action works
• Or…cover the container with a plastic bag or sleeve• One inch away from the soil and there should be air flow
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Water!
• Soil should remain moist throughout germination • Remove the plastic as soon as the seedlings
emerge
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Water!• After seedlings emerge, watering increases • If utilizing the wicking method, run water through
containers occasionally to keep plants healthy and inhibit disease.
• The soil should always be moist to the touch and not dry or soggy.
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Temperature• Temperature is probably the most important factor
in starting seeds indoors without a greenhouse. • Optimal germination temps for different crops • Purchase seed starting heating mats • Start seeds that require lower temperatures to
germinate such as: lettuce, brassicas, and alliums
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Temperature• After germination, move seeds to cooler temp. • 55-60 degree F night temp• 65-70 degree F day temp • Different temperature for different crops
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Light Requirements
• Intense light needed after germination • South facing windor- at least four hours of direct sun • 40-watt cool fluorescent tube or special plant growth lamp
(HPS)• Sixteen hours each day • 6-12 inches above seedlings
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Buy or Build Your Own!
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Transplanting
• True leaves?• Time to step-up to soil mix• Select strongest seedling • Thin by cutting top of plant off; don’t disturb roots • ‘Strongest’ criterion- straight, strong stems, no
discoloration and/or odor throughout entire seedling, and lush leaf growth
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Transplanting
• Be very gentle with your seedling and try to avoid tearing the roots in the process!
• Handle by leaves and not delicate stems
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Transplanting• Fill a container to about an inch from the top (to allow
room for watering) • Make a hole in the center of the container• Gently place the plant into the whole and make sure that
the roots have room to spread out • The depth of the plant should mirror the depth at which the
seedling was originally at in the old container• Gently tamp soil down around the plant and water softly
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Hardening Off• Last step- essential to ensure healthy, vigorous plants• Process of acclimating young plants to the outdoors from
their indoor environment • Gradually lowering temperatures, relative humidity, and
reducing water about one-two weeks before planting in the garden
• Meant to slow plant growth, not stop• After proper hardening, cold-hearty plants can be planted
outdoors and light frosts will not damage them (even tomatoes!)
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Hardening Off
• Shaded area protected from intense wind, full sunlight, and very low temperatures
• Optimal temperature- 45-50 degrees F• Cold-frame is ideal
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Transplanting to Field
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Transplanting to Field
• Raised beds
• Correct depth
• Stimulate roots
• Mulch
• Water-in
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Direct Seeding
• Some plants respond better to direct seeding and should not be transplanted (dill, carrot, cilantro)• Usually larger seeded veggies, root crops, flowers
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Questions?