starter guides

8/10/2019 Starter Guides

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'Venture'out with ewes

How to getstarted in

sheep farming

The document is part of a series of information products providingsnapshots to young aspiring entrepreneurs regardingviable business opportunities in the state.

a starters guide

EDI


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Sheep farming is a rewarding activity particularly for livelihood. However, it requires good planning and

persistent management of the farm to fetch you a decent earning.

Thanks to its agro-climatic conditions, rich alpine pastures and host to other natural endowments, the state

of Jammu and Kashmir is ideally suited for sheep rearing. Sheep has multifaceted utility for wool, meat,

skin and manure.

Starting pointers to help thos

Market Snapshot:

1. Demand/consumption of Meat: 600 lakh kg

2. Local production : 310 lakh kg

3. Deficit/ imports: 290 lakh Kgs

4. Supply sources (local): chopans, Gujars, Bakerwals etc5. Increase in demand (2 years) : 5-7%

6. Future projections: Will continue to grow at 5-7%

So, you think you are game for the trade? But be sure you are strong enough to raise sheep. Or,

have someone employed who is strong enough to flip sheep over for various activities such as

checking feet, trimming feet, shearing, vaccinating, birthing etc.

1. Sheep farming is considered one of the most vibrant sectors for economic development

2. The market for meat is readily available

3. The production of wool, meat and manure provides three different sources of income

4. Sheep waste is a better garden fertilizer than horse or cow manure

5. Wool and manure have tremendous market within and outside the state. 75% of locally sheared woolis exported

6. It has a good scope for expansion as foundation stock and flock can be multiplied rapidly

7. Construction cost for pen is low as compared to other similar activities

8. Equipments are provided by the department at subsidized costs

There may be some hiccups also

1. Pasture fields have shrunk due to illegal encroachment and occupation

2. Shearing machines are difficult to procure

3. No skilled manpower for wool extraction is readily available

4. Harsh winters may pose extra challenge to farmers

Take a look at opportunities

The activity is loaded with huge challenges and advantages as well


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Checklist:

1. Land Area: 2 kanal

Nature: Hard

Legal documentation: Lease deed, no-objection from PCB

2. Building Size: 1400 sq feet (Shed 1200 sq feet and two stores with 10X10 sq feet dimension)

Structure: Concrete with east-west orientation

Permissions: Revenue department, NoC from PCB, Electricity permission, water connection

permission, registration with Sheep Husbandry Deptt.

3. Equipment Hard coke iron bukharis

Feeding troughs

Waterers for drinking

Electric and water fitting appliances

4. Money Check various schemes at JKEDI

5. Buyers Households (on special occasions like Eid-ul-Azha, marriages)

Wholesale dealers

Retailers

Hotels and restaurants

6. SuppliersRegistered dealers of

Feed

Medicine

Equipments

JKEDIBusiness Assistance & Support Services

JAMMU & KASHMIR

ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

INSTITUTE

Disclaimer: Users of this document should not solely rely on the information contained here and are advised to consult domain experts prior to the start of their venture based on the identified market opportunity.

EDI

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A possible dream in KashmirWhite revolution

The document is part of a series of information products providingsnapshots to young aspiring entrepreneurs regarding viable business opportunities in the state.

a starters guide

EDI


6/40

There is a great demand for establishing dairy farming units in Jammu and Kashmir

because the state is still miles away from attaining self-sufficiency in milk and milk

products.

According to an estimate, presently some 1,700 dairy units are required in the Kashmir so

the dependence on imports from neighbouring states is cut permanently.

Owing to its profitability and increase in demand, the sector has attracted a number ofeducated youth who have set out their ventures and are running them relatively successfully.

Costs involved to set up a 10-cow unit

Fundamentals of setting up a dairy farm

Market Snapshot

Demand/consumption for milk : 12.85 lakh tonnes per year

Local Production: 12.34 lakh tones per year

Imports from other states : 51,000 thousand tonnes per year

Liquid milk: 6,000 tonnes

Skimmed Milk 5,000 tonnes (mixed in the ratio of 1:9) = 45000 tonnes

Approximate sales per year

By sale of 36000 litres of milk Rs.9.0 lakh

By sale of gunny bags and manure Rs. 0.3 lakh

Total Returns/Earnings Rs.9.30 lakh


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But, look before you leap into the trade

DoEnsure the availability of land at properly raised place and away from residential area(300 m)/ water

bodies(250 m)Build sheds with mud. This will keep them warm.

Purchase cross bred cows.

Choose from Jersey and Holstein Friesian breed because only they thrive in the moderate climate

of the Kashmir Valley. Jersey more preferable because of low green food requirements and high fat

content in milk

Select healthy, high yielding cows with the help of veterinary/animal husbandry officer of state

government, experts etc.nd rd

Purchase freshly calved cows/in late pregnancy. Age should be 3-4 years or should be in 2 or 3

lactation.

Get the building permission from the local body

Don'tConstruct concrete sheds because low temperature will threaten the survival of animal

Hire or purchase land without proper legal documentation

Construct sheds on marshy or swampy land

Purchase cows without expert help

Get tempted to purchase pure breed with high milk yield

The trade though fraught with risks has a great potentialto become a money spinner with quick returns

OpportunitiesContinuous surge in domestic demand because consumption of milk and milk products is ever

increasing

Milk processing are rapidly coming up in the valley and the industry also needs good quality milk

New hotels, restaurants and small eateries are being set up in great numbers

Profit margin is significant

ChallengesIt is a capital intensive activity and its profitability is influenced by a number of factors including non-

availability of owned land

Procurement of quality cross bred cows

Skilled labour charges are very high

Feed and Fodder costs are very high as the state battles fodder deficiency of 66 per cent and 80 per

cent of feed is imported


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Checklist:Land(pre-owned, leased or hired)

Area: 10 kanals

Nature: Raised land, ideally with adequate grazing area

Building Shed for cows : 40 X 14 sq ft

Calf shed : 10 X 10 sq ft

Heifer shed : 10 X 10 sq ft

Feed Store : 10 X 10 sq ft

Structure: Muddy with concrete flooring

Permissions: Revenue department (tehsildar), Electricity permission, Water Connection permission

Equipment Dairy Utensils(bucket, milk pails) 5 No.

Milk cans (40 litres) 5 No.

Motor driven chaff cutter 1 No.

Hand pump with motor (Optional) 1 No. Milking machine (Optional) 1 No.

Finances Check various schemes at JKEDI

Suppliers Registered Dealers of

Livestock

Feed

Medicine

Equipments

Buyers Cooperatives

Milk Processing Plants

Households

Hotels & Restaurants

Milkmen

Relevant government departments to approach for Department of Animal Husbandry, Kashmir for expert advice on breed selection

Sher-e-Kashmir Agricultural University of Science and Technology (SKUAST) for technical expertise

Revenue department (tehsildar, local body) for land registration

State Pollution Control Board for no pollution certificate

Power Development Department (PDD) for electricity connection Public Health Engineering (PHE) for water connection



Source: Department of Animal Husbandry

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A huge gap between supply and demand of

poultry products in Jammu and Kashmir

makes the sector potentially a great

income generator for youth of the job-

starved state.

Poultry worth Rs.400 crore is imported

annually into the state. The Kashmir Valley

alone needs some 1,800 poultry farms with

a crop size of at least 1,000 birds per hatch

to attain self sufficiency. This will not only

create thousands of jobs but also help

reduce the capital outflow from the state.

EDI

Count your

Broiler poultry farming i Kashmir at a glancen

own

The document is part of a series of information products providing

snapshots to young aspiring entrepreneurs regardingviable business opportunities in the state.


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Jammu and Kashmir produces some 3.5 lakh quintals of walnut every year, thus

contributing around 98 per cent of the total walnut output in India. Of this, the Kashmir

Valley alone produces 95 per cent and the rest is grown in Doda and Kishtwar districts

of the Jammu region.

The fruit also earns huge revenue in terms of foreign reserves as it is exported to

Europe where India has a close to 20 per cent of the market share.

Total requirement for walnut in India is projected to increase from 3.6 lakh quintalsproduced currently to 7.25 lakh quintals by 2020-21. (source APEDA)

The state enjoys a near monopoly in the

fruit production. But it has only 136

processing units for the crop against a

total demand of at least 6,200 plants ofvarying sizes. Isn't the market up for

grabs?

Market scenario for Kashmiri walnuts (For raw and processed kernels)

Local consumption (including tourists): 10-15 per cent of the total production.

Exports: 85-90 of the total production

Major markets outside the state: Delhi and Mumbai

Processed in local industries: 60-65 per cent

Total unprocessed export: 35-40 per cent

Walnut processing units needed in the state:

According to a survey, there are a total number of 136 walnut processing units of varying capacity in the state. The

actual demand of such units of different capacity (see the chart) as per the crop production is 6,181.

Picture this

Market snapshot

Total walnut production in the state: 3.5 lakh quintals

Major areas of production in the state: Kupwara, Pulwama,

Anantnag, Ganderbal, Budgam

Rs.10 lakh

Rs.25 lakh

Rs.50 lakh

Rs.1 crore

Rs. 3 crore

Rs. 6 crore

investments units needed cumulative

Rs.10 lakh 5000

Rs.25 lakh 1000 6000

Rs.50 lakh 100 6100

Rs.1 cr 60 6160

Rs. 3 cr 20

Rs. 6 cr 1 6181

6180


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Your


EDI

A starters guide tomushroom cultivation


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Introduction

Mushroom cultivation has been a great source of income for centuries even as the farming tookits organized shape in India only recently. The cultivation of this nutritious vegetarian delicacy --rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, folic acid and iron in controlled conditions started recently inIndia.

The much-in-demand vegetable can be grown in a temperature between 20 and 30 degreesCelsius and required relative humidity is 55-75 per cent. This makes Jammu and Kashmir asuitable place for mushroom cultivation and processing.

Mushrooms are of different types:

a) Button Mushroomb) Dhingri (Oyster)c) Paddy Straw Mushroom

Market Potential

Market for mushroom is growing rapidly owing to nutritious values and special tastes. The mainconsumers of mushrooms are Chinese food restaurant, hotels, clubs and households as well. Thegrowing domestic and export market as also the delicacy and food value provides extensive andgood potential for cultivation of mushroom. There is also growing market for processed, driedand packed mushrooms as their shelf life is longer.

In 2011-12, the production of mushrooms was at 6,983.23 quintals, out of which 5,442 quintalswere from Jammu division and 1,541.23 quintals from Kashmir.

Steps to mushroom cultivation

For successful cultivation, careful attention has to be paid to three aspects good compost,mushroom seeds and right temperature during growing period.

Natural compost is prepared from horse dung and wheat or barley straw. Some quantity ofchicken manure and three kilograms of urea per ton of compost can be added.

Mushrooms are grown in wooden trays or boxes of 100 cm x 50 cm x 15 cm. They are filled wellwith the compost and pressed firmly leaving 3 cm clear space on top of the tray. The seed isscattered on the surface of the compost which is then covered with a thin layer of compost.

After that the trays are covered with old newspaper sheets and water is sprayed to providehumidity. The trays are then stacked vertically. At a temperature of around 24 - 25 degrees Celsiuswhite cottony mycelium (fungus) spreads and permeates through the compost.

It takes around 12 to 15 days for the complete spawn running.

Ultimately, the surface of the compost is covered with half to one inch levelof casing soil. It is sterilized to kill insects, nematodes and molds. The casingsoil is spread over plastic sheets and treated with formalin and stirredfrequently for a week to remove formation fumes. After casing, thetemperature has to be maintained at 24-25 degree Celsius for threedays after which it must be lowered to 18 degree Celsius. Thus, batches of

trays must be arranged in such a way that there is a regular production.

Mushroom Processing

Fresh mushrooms are washed in cold water and then blanched in boiling water for around 34minutes. Then they are dehydrated in drier and packed. It is advisable to pre-treat freshmushrooms in a solution containing salt water to prevent discoloration.

Packing is very critical as formation of moisture contaminates mushrooms very quickly. Henceplain cans and water of 2 percent salt and 0.2 percent citric acid are used for packing.


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The cans are exhausted at 19O degree Celsius for 7-8 minutes, sealed and processed underpressure for around half an hour. Yield of final product depends up on the quality of dryer,manufacturing process employed, moisture content in fresh mushrooms and moisture requiredin the final product. Hence, average yield is taken at 25 percent.

Costs for establishing 400 trays mushroom cultivation unit or four batches in a year

Total Capital Cost 9.77 lakhsa) Land Leased/owned/hiredb) Building (1000 sq ft) 5.00 lakhsc) Machinery/Equipments 4.77 lakhsOperational Cost 1.80 lakhs

Grand Total 11.57 lakhs

Earning

Returns per batch from mushrooms 2.40 lakhsReturns per batch from compost used as manure (4 quantals) 0.04 lakhsTotal returns per batch (mushroom + compost) 2.44 lakhsReturns from mushrooms/year (4 batches) 9.60 lakhsReturns from compost per year (4 batches) 0.16 lakhsTotal returns per year (4 batches) 9.76 lakhs

Yield Per batch: 4 kg/trayTotal mushroom yield from 400 trays: 1,600 kgs

Relevant Departments to approach for:

1) Department of Agriculture2) Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural science and Technology, Kashmir.3) Center of Research and Development, University of Kashmir.4) Krishi Vigyan Kendras

(in Rs)

Jammu and Kashmiramoung the bestplaces for mushroom

cultivationand processing


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Checklist:

Land- Area: kanals- Lease deed, No Objection Certificate from Pollution Control Board.Building

Size of different sheds: 25 X 20 (2 Rooms)Equipment1. Stacking Trays/Wooden Trays 4002. Spray Pump with two attachments 13. Water Tank 14. Thermometer 15. Weighing Scale 16. Hot and Cold AC 2

7. Disposable Gloves 5Raw Materials:1. Wheat/ rice bran2. Poultry waste3. Urea4. Potash5. Choker6. Oil cakes7. Molasses

8. Gypsum9. Peat soil10. Soil11. Spawn12. Waste paper/newspapersInvestment- Check various schemes at JKEDI

Buyers- Domestic Market like Households, Hotels and Restaurants.- National Market- Export MarketsSuppliers-Registered dealers of: - Equipments - Chemicals - Spawn - Peat soil - Molasses - Gypsum


Disclaimer: Users of this document should not solely rely on the information contained here and are advisedto consult domain experts prior to the start of their venture based on the identified market opportunity.

EDI

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Honeyyou can do it

Starter's guide to beekeeping


EDI


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Jammu and Kashmir is said to be one of the most important and suitable beekeeping

places in India. Thanks to its vast diverse natural resources and favourable climatic

conditions that make the state as it should be for stationary as well as migratory bee

keeping.

Despite this, the state imports honey worth over Rs. 8.5 million from other states

annually because the potential for beekeeping in Jammu and Kashmir has not been

utilized fully. The state with a huge resources has a great potential for exporting honey

to the rest of India.

Here is a starter's guide for those whowant to taste this sweet success.

Market snapshot

Potential market size (Kashmir): Rs. 77 crore or 770 metric tonnes

Potential market size (national): Rs.190 crore

Local Production of raw honey in the Kashmir Valley: 250 metric tonnes

Honey processed locally: 75 metric tonne's (rest is sold outside for processing)

Imports: Worth Rs 8.6 million (Processed honey)

Registered bee keepingcolonies in the Kashmir Valley: 25,000

Potential no of colonies in the valley: 250,000

Apiculturist: 200

Primary products:

High quality honey from hives

Non-pasteurized liquid and creamed honey

Secondary Products:

Bee wax

Candles

Chapsticks

Cosmetics etc


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Financials involved for a hive of 20 colonies:

Sales first year

Do Speak to experts or beekeepers for an advice before setting up the venture

Start you business at an appropriate seasons not too early, not too late

Procure strong colonies and all the tools required to look after bee hives

Purchase quality wooden boxes for colonies

Select location with abundant flora

Avoid jerks and unnecessary noise in the area

Keep your initial purchases to the things you absolutely need to get started: hives, bees, a smoker and

protective gear

Don't Hire or purchase land without proper legal documentation.

Construct colonies on marshy or swampy land

The place should not be crowded with people

Use excessive sugars

The trade by its nature is very sweet with low start-up cost and quick returns. However, it may cause some

bitterness if proper care is not taken.

Challenges you may face include

Extreme weather conditions can pose a significant threat as it can affect the rearing and production process.

Bee keeping is prone to diseases and attacks from mites and other insects. This can eventually destroy the

whole colony.

Opportunities

Lower start-up costs

Demand for quality honey especially Kashmir brand in the country is huge and increasing

High quality Kashmiri honey has major competitive advantage over other producers and greater scope for

export

Product diversification chances are high with bee wax, chapsticks, cosmetics and candles


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Checklist:

Land

Area: Two kanals

Nature: Agricultural Land (area rich in fauna is ideal)

Land if not owned, legal Documentation required: Lease deed

Building

Shed 12X10 sq ft

Equipment

Hive Tool

Smoker

Bee hive and veil

Hive stand

Comb Foundation Roller

Honey extractor

Wax sheet

Protective gear

Gloves

Frame gripper

Money

Check various financial schemes at JKEDI

Buyers

Households

Whole sellers & dealers

Mainly exported to outside market for further processing of honey products.

Suppliers

Registered Dealers of

Bee hive colonies

Medicine

Equipments

Relevant government departments toapproach for

Department of Agriculture, Kashmir for expert

advice

Revenue department (for land documentation)



JAMMU & KASHMIR


INSTITUTE

EDI

(Sources: Market survey done by Mercy Corps and interviews with beekeepers by JKEDI)


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A starter's guide to leather tannery

in the Kashmir Valley

The document is part of a series of information products providingsnapshots to young aspiring entrepreneurs regarding viable business opportunities in the state.

Leather

a starters guide

EDI


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People in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, particularly from the valley, are known to

be voracious meat eaters. Every year the state consumes around five million animals-

sheep, goats and cattle (as per the industry figures). This also generates a pile of raw

material for leather industry in the form of skins and hides.

But the raw material is not used to its full potential because the state doesn't have a full

fledged leather industry. That forces people in the trade to sell off these hides at

throwaway prices outside the side.

Market Snapshot

According to industry estimates, Kashmir leather industry has the potential to generate Rs.600 croreannually to the state economy. But the potential has not been exploited fully.

On an average 3.5 million sheep and goat skins plus 1.2 million cattle hides are produced in themarket every year. These hides go out from Kashmir at an average price of about Rs.175 each andreturn processed at the rate of Rs.700 per skin.

There are only a few tanneries in the state. Therefore, the market is primarily untapped.

Financials involved

How much does it cost to set up a leather tannery with processing capacity of2,800 sq ft or 140 animal skins per day

Note: The cost may vary with market fluctuations. The above costing has been done for a minimum capacity leather tanning unit (2800 sq ft)

which require four drums for soaking, liming and tanning of 1,100 kg each.

Sales/earning


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So you are up for having a leather tannery?

Take a look at must dos and don'ts first.

Do Ensure adequate and suitable water, sewage, electrical, and transportation facilities at the plant site

Be sure that necessary raw materials are available in suitable quantity, quality

Check market prices as they fluctuate quite often

Don't Open the unit near a residential area

Hire or purchase land without proper legal documentation

Construct building structure on marshy or swampy land

Opportunities Huge availability of land for leather tannery activities at state industrial areas

Hides sent outside to the state for tanning which results in loss of crores of rupees

Leather products are used across different industries like sports, furniture, garments andaccessories, shoes, automobile etc and therefore has a huge potential for employment and revenue

generation

Challenges Skilled labour scarcity

Can cause environmental hazards in the absence of a proper effluent treatment plant

Is highly capital intensive activity and finances may pose a challenge

Getting people to tan the leather is difficult because it has perceived health issues Spare parts for machinery are not easily available in the local market

Relevant Govt. departments to approach for Industry and Commerce Department for tannery licensing

State Pollution Control Board for pollution free certificate

Power Development Department (PDD) for electricity connection

Public Health Engineering (PHE) for water connection

State Industrial Development Corporation (SIDCO) for land allotment in an industrial area


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Checklist:

Land Area: 05 kanals

Nature: Industrial area

Lease deed with SIDCO

BuildingSize of different sheds Shed for machinery : 35 X 25 sq ft

Raw material (sheep) : 20 X 20 sq ft

Raw material (cow) : 20 X 20 sq ft

Storage for wet blue leather : 30 X 20 sq ft

Office : 10 X 10 sq ft

Equipment Soaking drum 1 No

Liming drum 1 No.

Tanning drums 2 No.

Flashing machines 2 No.

Money Check various finance schemes with JKEDI

Buyers Leather and leather product manufacturing industries

SuppliersRegistered dealers of

Chemicals (from outside the state)

Machinery and equipments (from outside the state)



JAMMU & KASHMIR


INSTITUTE

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Astartersguideto

manufacturingofCorrugatedboxes

EDI


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Introduction

Industrially pre-fabricated boxes are primarily used for packaging goods and materials. It is one ofthe fast growing industries in all over India and also in our state. The business has witnessed asignificant jump in the last decade because of huge growth in processed food, fruits and

vegetables, electronic and consumer durables industries.

Market snapshot: India is the world's third largest apple producing country only behind China andthe United States. The major portion of the produce comes from our state.

However, rude packaging in wooden boxes is telling upon the industry that forms the backboneof the state's economy.

Other states where apples are grown are using corrugated cardboard boxes. However, most of

growers in Jammu and Kashmir still use wooden boxes to pack the fruit, even as the trend hasstarted shifting.

The packaging tool has turned out to be the most popular goods transporting container. Industryexperts in the state are of the view that it will soon become indispensable for the Rs.4,500 crorehorticulture industry of Jammu and Kashmir, which houses Asia's second largest fruit marketand employs thousands of farmers and people related to the sector.

Opportunities

- It's a huge industry and growing: Corrugated packaging is a Rs.2 billion a yearindustry in India. In another five years, over 90 percent of all products in India wouldbe delivered or displayed in corrugated. It is an industry that will survive well into thenext century, and beyond.

- It's everywhere and everybody needs it: People outside the state have occupied thespace but in Jammu and Kashmir the vacuum remains unfilled. Everybody wants itbecause it is cost-effective, lightweight, functional, versatile and sustainable.

- Corrugated is "green": Corrugated is the most recovered form of packaging, with91 percent of all containers produced being reclaimed for recycling.

The process

The process of manufacturing boxes or containers constitutes five operations.

i) Slitting and longitudinal cutting

ii) Creasing

iii) Slotting

iv) Flap or corner cutting

v) Stitching

After passing the sheet through these operations, a box or container is ready. Slitting and creasingoperations can be simultaneously carried over a four bar rotary cutting and creasing machine.The trimmed and creased sheet is slotted and flap cut on an eccentric slotted machine. Finally, it iseither stitched over a stitching machine or glued/taped manually. For partitionboxes the half

slotted boards are used which can conveniently be produced over a partition spotter machine.

Types of corrugated board:

1. Single face/two ply

2. Single wall/3-ply

3. Double wall/5-ply

4. Triple wall /7-ply


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Raw materials used:

1. Kraft paper/duplex paper2. Gum/adhesive

3. Binding cloth

4. Adhesive tape

5. Stitching wire

6. Printing ink

Economics of the project

Basis & Presumptions:-

No. of working days/year : 300

No. of shifts/day : Single

No. of working hours/shift : 8

Production capacity per annum : 450,000 Boxes

Total Capital Cost Rs. 57.00 lakha) Land Owned/Leased/Hiredb) Building (5800sq.ft) Rs. 22.00 lakh

c) Machinery/Equipments Rs. 35.00 lakh

Operational Cost (For 1 Month) Rs.10.00 lakhGrand Total Rs. 67.00 lakh

Relevant government departments to approach for

Revenue department (Tehsildar, Local Body)

District Industries Centre (DIC) State Industrial Development Corporation(SIDCO) for Land Allotment

Small Scale Industrial Development Corporation Limited (SICOP)

State Pollution Control Board

Power Development Department (PDD)

Public Health Engineering (PHE)

Bureau of Indian Standards


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Disclaimer: Users of this document should not solely rely on the information contained here and are advisedto consult domain experts prior to the start of their venture based on the identified market opportunity.

EDI

design

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Checklist:

1. Land (pre-owned, leased or hired)

Area: 1.5 - 2 kanals

Nature: Industrial Estate is usually preferred

2. Building

Processing hall 50 X 70 ft.

Raw material store 20 X 40 ft

Finished goods store 50 X 30 ft.

3. Machinery Required:

1.Heavy Duty H/S Single Facer Paper (Oblique Type) Bearing Mounted. (Size: 52)2.Reel to Sheet Cutter Machine. (Size: 54)3.Sheet Pasting Machine. (Size: 75)4.Sheet Pressing Machine. (Size: 65x75)5.4 Bar Rotary Slittering & Creasing Machine.(Size: 75)6.Eccentric Slotting Machine. (Size: 75)7.Box Stitcher Straight/ Angular Machine. (Size: 42)8.Die, Punching and Creasing Machine. (Size: 39x52)

9.Double Colour Paper Flexo Printer Machine. (Size: 52x72)

4. Finances

Check various schemes at financial institutes like J&K Bank and DIC and JKEDI

5. Suppliers

Registered dealers of

EquipmentMachinery

Raw materials

6. Buyers

Dealers

Manufacturing units

Packaging units

Exporters of fruits like apple, strawberry and walnut

1 no1 no1 no1 no1 no1 no1 no1 no

1 no


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A starters guide toHollow Block manufacturing


EDI


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IntroductionHollow concrete blocks are substitutes for conventional bricks and stones inbuilding construction. They are lighter than bricks, easier to place and alsoconfer economics in foundation cost and consumption of cement. In

comparison to conventional bricks, they offer the advantages of uniformquality, faster speed of construction, lower labour involvement and longerdurability. In view of these advantages, hollow concrete blocks are beingincreasingly used in construction activities.

Market SnapshotHollow concrete blocks can be used for (a) exterior load bearing walls, (b)interior walls, (c) Panel walls, (d) columns, (e) retaining walls and (f)compound walls. In view of their versatile uses and properties, hollowconcrete blocks are in demand not only for household constructions butdepartments/agencies engaged in construction including PWD, HousingBoards and Urban Development Corporations, RoadTransportCorporation and Forest Departments use hollow blocks because of costeffectiveness.

Plant Capacity:A small unit with a production of 800 blocks per dayThe standard size of hollow concrete blocks is

(a) 4X8X16 inches

(b) 6X8X16 inches

(c) 8X8X16 inches

Production: 100 blocks /HrDuration of shift: 8 hours/day.Daily production: 100*8= 800 blocksWorking days/year: 260Annual production: 20.08 lakh blocks

Raw Materials:

The required raw material for such unit is:1. Cement

2. Crusher Bajre and

3. Crusher dust

The annual requirement of raw materials for the production of2.08 lakh hollow concrete blocks per year is as follows:

1. Cement: 270 tons2. Bajre: 6 lakh sq feet3. Crusher Dust: 4.8 lakh sq feet


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Opportunities

1. The product demand is high

2. Units are eco friendly as compared to brick kilns

3. Future belongs to hollow blocks and can replace bricks because oflow cost and high strength

4. ?????

Challenges

1. To keep up with the fast changing technology and machinery

2. Stiff competition in the market as more and more hollow block

units are being established in the market

3. Product designs are highly dependent upon machinery

4. Lack of skilled labourers

Relevant Govt. departments to approach for

Industries and Commerce Department

Pollution Control Board

Power Development Department (PDD)

Public Health Engineering (PHE)

State Industrial Development Corporation (SIDCO)

Financials of a unit with a production capacity of 800 blocks per day

Total capital costa) Land Owned/leasedb) Building Rs. 2.80 lakhc) Machinery/equipments Rs.7.72 lakh

Operational cost per month Costs for

Production of 2,4000 blocks 1.11 lakhGrand Total 11.63 lakh

Sales/Earning

Total Returns/Earnings 7.2 lakh

Sale of Blocks (24000 blocks) @ Rs 30 7.2 lakh

(in Rs)


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YOUR SUCCESS

A starters guide tomanufacturing of wire nails


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Investment cost for setting up a of 32-ton per month capacity unit

Capital Cost Rs.20.00 lakhsa) Land Leased/rentedb) Building Rs.8.10 lakhsc) Machinery/equipments Rs.11.90 lakhs

Operational Cost Rs.17.20 lakhs

Grand Total Rs.37.20 lakhsSales per monthBy sale of 30.4 ton @ Rs.75000/ton(with 2%-5% wastage) (current market rate) Rs.22.80 lakhsTotal Returns/Earnings Rs.22.80 lakhs

Relevant government departments to approach for

Revenue department (Tehsildar, Local Body) District Industries Centre (DIC) State Industrial Development Corporation(SIDCO) for Land Allotment Small Scale Industrial Development Corporation Limited (SICOP) State Pollution Control Board Power Development Department (PDD) Public Health Engineering (PHE)


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Checklist:

1. Land(pre-owned, leased or hired) -Area: 1 kanal -Nature: Industrial Estate is usually preferred.

2. Building(Civil engineering)- Processing shed 40X30 ft.- Finished goods shed 20X20 ft.- Raw material shed 20X20 ft.- Washroom 10X10 ft3. Machinery and Equipments- Nail making machine 5

- Polishing drum 1- Tools and dies 10- Nail cutter grinder 14. Finances- Check various schemes at JKEDI5. Suppliers-Registered Dealers of- Equipments

- Machinery- Raw Materials- Jute Bags

6. Buyers- Dealers- Retail hardware stores- Contractors and suppliers

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