start. the population of high-redshift type-2 quasars found in deep chandra and xmm-newton surveys...
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STARTSTART
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The population of high-redshifttype-2 quasars found in deep
Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys
The Formation and Early Evolution of Galaxies, Irsee Workshop, July 1th 2003
Ingo LehmannMPE-Garching, Germany
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ContentContent
XMM-Newton Deep Survey in the Lockman Hole & Chandra XMM-Newton Deep Survey in the Lockman Hole & Chandra Deep Field-South SurveyDeep Field-South Survey
Optical/X-ray properties of the new sourcesOptical/X-ray properties of the new sources
The population of type-2 QuasarsThe population of type-2 Quasars
SummarySummary
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CollaborationCollaboration
Maarten Schmidt (Caltech)Günther Hasinger, Gyula Szokoly (MPE)Vincenzo Mainieri, Yas Hashimot (MPE)Jaqueline Bergeron (Institut d‘Astroph. Paris)Piero Rosati (ESO)Andy Fabian (Cambridge, UK)Roberto Della Ceca (Osserv. Astron. di Brera)Steve S. Murray (Cambridge, US)Pat Henry (University of Hawaii)Masayuki Akiyama (Subaru)Xavier Barcons (Santander)
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ROSAT All Sky Survey
(NH=5.9 x 1019 cm-2)
Lockman Hole Field
106 sources: 3.810-16 cgs 69 sources: 2.110-15 cgs 34 sources: 3.210-15 cgs
0.5-2.0 keV2.0-4.5 keV4.5-10 keV
~100 ksec PN/MOS1+2
Soft/Hard/Ultrahard samples:
CDF-S
HDF-N
12 / 7 sources notdetected in the soft band
XMM-Newton Deep SurveyXMM-Newton Deep Survey
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Comparison ROSAT/XMMComparison ROSAT/XMMROSAT HRI-PSPC (0.1-2 keV)
1.3 Msec 100 ksec
XMM EPIC pn/Mos (0.5-10.0 keV)
Flux factor: ~3 (CDFS/HDF-N 1Msec ~ 6 times fainter) (0.5-2.0 keV) Giacconi et al. 2001, Brandt et al. 2001
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XMM PN+MOS (PV): 100 ksec
0.5-2.0 keV2.0-4.5 keV4.5-10 keV
Hasinger et al. 2001
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860 ksec PV+AO1+AO2
0.5-2.0 keV2.0-4.5 keV4.5-10 keV
Core sample:213 sources: 1.010-16 cgs173 sources: 2.710-16 cgs 78 sources: 1.010-15 cgs(253 sources in 0.5-10 keV band)
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940 ksec exposureACIS-I 64 arcmin2
Smin = 6*10-17
0.3-1.0 keV1.0-2.0 keV2.0-7.0 keV Giacconi et al., 2001Giacconi et al., 2001
GiacconiBergeronBorganiChenGilliGilmozziHasingerLehmannKellermannKewleyNoninoNormanRosatiSchreierSzokolyTozziZheng
Chandra Deep Field-South SurveyChandra Deep Field-South Survey
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logN-logSlogN-logS
Rosati et al. 02
Chandra DeepField South(940 ksec)XMM LH 100 ksec
Gilli et al., 2001 models
HDF NorthFluctuations(970 ksec)Miyaji&Griffiths2002
XMM LH 860 ksec
90-100% of the 0.5-2.0 keV XRB
~60% of the 5-10 keV XRB
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ROSAT/XMM optical/NIR IDsROSAT/XMM optical/NIR IDs
AGN type1 AGN type2 Cluster/group Star + unidentified
spectroscopylimit
fX/fopt=11
XMM limit
spectroscopylimit
fX/fopt=11
+++
+++
+
+
EROs
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Photometric redshiftsPhotometric redshiftsR-K‘>5.0EROs
V RI
z
J H K
H line z=2.42
Lehmann et al. 2001 (L. Pozzetti)
Subaru ICRS*H line z=2.45
(*PI: M. Akiyama, P. Henry)
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Optical counterpartsOptical counterparts
type II AGN
GAL (log LX=40.2,soft source)
type II AGN (log LX~43.0)
type II/Gal (log LX~42.0)
Keck LRIS spectra
PI: M. Schmidt
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DEIMOS Spectroscopy of the 860 ksecLockman sources
4 masksobservedin March 2003
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360 Mbyteper file
DEIMOS – mask
RedCCD
BlueCCD
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High-redshift cluster (z=1.13)High-redshift cluster (z=1.13)
KECK VIK
z=2.57
ARC ERO
z=1.13ERO
ERO‘sHigh-z Cluster
Merging? Hasinger et al. 1999Thompson et al. 2001Hashimoto et al. 2002
DEIMOS
LRIS
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XMM absorbed AGN spectraXMM absorbed AGN spectra
AGN type II – intrinsic absorption (1021-1024 cm-2)
AGN type I AGN type II Fe II K line
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Colour segregationColour segregation
Lehmann et al. (2001)Mainieri et al. (2002)
type-2 AGNshow galaxycolours
Lockman Hole CDF-S
Intrinsicabsorption
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Photon index vs. Intrinsic Abs.Photon index vs. Intrinsic Abs.
Mainieri et al. 2002
AGN type IIstronglyabsorbed
Sign for intrinsicabsorptionin severalAGN type I !
74 (98) sources,counts >70
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NGC 6240
ROSAT
ROSAT
XMM
/Cha
ndra
XMM
/Cha
ndra
AGN model – absorbed AGN (II)AGN model – absorbed AGN (II)
Starburst galaxy XMM/Chandra reveal AGN
Komossa et al. 2002
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VLT IDs of CDFS sourcesVLT IDs of CDFS sourcesVLT IDs of CDFS sourcesVLT IDs of CDFS sources
153 spectroscopic redshifts (131 high quality)
R<24 sample : 116/155 (~75%)
Type-1 : 57Type-2 : 67Gal : 26Star : 4QSO-2 : 9
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CDFS Redshift DistributionCDFS Redshift Distribution
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0 1 2 3
Redshift
Nu
mb
er
Most X-ray sources at lower redshift (z<1)
Lockman Hole
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Definition of type-2 QuasarsDefinition of type-2 Quasars
• No broad emission lines in the optical/near- infrared spectrum
• Intrinsic absorption with Hydrogen column densities of NH > 1022 cm-2
• Intrinsic X-ray luminosity LX>1044 erg s-1 in the 0.5-2.0 keV or in the 2.0-10.0 keV energy bands
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Pre-XMM/Chandra EraPre-XMM/Chandra Era
EMSS field z=0.338 Stocke et al. 1982IRAS 20181-2244 z=0.185 Elizalde, Steiner 1994ROSAT QSO Survey z=2.350 Almaini et al. 1995ASCA Lynx field z=0.900 Ohta et al. 1996Deep ASCA Survey z=0.672 Boyle et al. 1998ASCA LSS field z=0.653 Akiyama et al. 2001
EMSS
z=2.35
Georgantopoulos et al. 1999
No evidence for type-2Quasars !
broad H
Halpern et al. 1999
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First high-z type-2 Quasars First high-z type-2 Quasars
Stern et al. 2001
Dawson et al. 2002 Norman et al. 2001
HDF-N* CDF-S
Lynx field
Futher: Crawford et al. 2001, Fabian et al. 2002
Fe K
=0.510.27NH~1024 cm-2
R-Ks=2.5L2-10=10450.5
Radio quietEWK~1keV
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CDF-S type-2 QuasarsCDF-S type-2 Quasars
FHWM< 2000 km/s Szokoly et al. 2003
z=2.940
z=2.562 z=3.660
z=3.240
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X-ray/optical properties of type-2 QSO
X-ray/optical properties of type-2 QSO
CDF-S
fX/fopt=11 3 magfainter in R
Type-2 Quasar are ~3 mag fainter than type-1 quasar
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Fraction of type-2 QSOsFraction of type-2 QSOs
CDFSLockman Hole
~10 % Significant population!!!
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Search for low-z type-2 Quasars Search for low-z type-2 Quasars
LX, obs~5 x 1044 erg/s
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XMM-Newton MOS1+2/PNXMM-Newton MOS1+2/PN
group orcluster pointing
PI: M.Watson
XX-916-46
Serendipitysource
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EPIC-pn spectrumEPIC-pn spectrum
Nh~2 x1022 cm-2
Photon index ~1.6
Black body ~0.12 kT
flux ~3 x 10-13 erg s-1
cm-2 (0.5-10 keV)
First check!
L0.5-10.0=1045 erg/sX-ray bright type-2 Quasar !!!
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XMM SSC XID proposalXMM SSC XID proposal
Optical identification of ultrahard X-ray sources Search for X-ray bright type-2 Quasars (z<1)
Sample selection:
• X-ray sources from the XCAT-DB • X-ray flux0.5-4.5 keV > 10-14 erg s-1 cm-2 (XID-band)• Detection likelyhood > 16• HR2 > -0.3, optical counterpart with 3“ in radius• |b| > 30 degree, R < 21.m0
Southern sample consists of 31 objects !
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Low-z type-2 Quasar candidatesLow-z type-2 Quasar candidates
SourceSource XID fluxXID flux
[10[10-14-14 cgs] cgs]
HR2HR2 zz LLXID,obsXID,obs
[10[104444 erg/s] erg/s]
3411-0233411-023 9.89.8 -0.08-0.080.130.13 0.320.32 0.480.48
916-046916-046 17.017.0 -0.23-0.230.060.06 0.730.73 5.05.0
1183-811183-81 6.86.8 0.080.080.110.11 0.520.52 0.960.96
1143-1091143-109 6.46.4 0.070.070.140.14 0.670.67 1.61.6
1124-251124-25 8.28.2 -0.16-0.160.060.06 0.430.43 0.790.79
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SummarySummary
~90 % of the 2-10 keV X-ray background resolved~90 % of the 2-10 keV X-ray background resolved
Most new XMM sources - ERO‘s (R-K‘> 5.0) Most new XMM sources - ERO‘s (R-K‘> 5.0)
XMM hard sources - type II AGN at z<1, power law spectra with XMM hard sources - type II AGN at z<1, power law spectra with significant intrinsic, absorption.significant intrinsic, absorption.
Significant population of type-2 QuasarsSignificant population of type-2 Quasars
Important to search for low-z type-2 quasarsImportant to search for low-z type-2 quasars
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AGN Space DensityAGN Space Density
Miyaji et al., 2000
?
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ENDEND
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X-ray/Sub-mm CorrelationX-ray/Sub-mm Correlation
Fox et al. 2001
I-band
K-band
LH850.8
HRI
VLA450mJy
AGN type I
NELG
ERO z~0.9
z~0.7
Extremely hard to identify!
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LLAGN Luminosity Function!LLAGN Luminosity Function!
z=0
z>2
Galaxies
AGN
HST Galaxies @z>2