start of report acknowledgement ,abstract etc

8/3/2019 Start of report acknowledgement ,abstract etc

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/start-of-report-acknowledgement-abstract-etc 1/9

~ i ~

CERTIFICATE



~ ii ~

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It’s a great pleasure to present this report of summer training course in Waayoo An

educational division of Vaskoe Technologies Pvt. Ltd.(Lucknow) in partial fulfilment of

Bachelor of Technology under M.I.T Moradabad . First I thank our Robotics program

developers for creating such an opportunity for the students to broaden their frame of skills.

My sincere gratitude also goes for initiating us into this training Mr. Kuldeep Panday And

as well as my guide Mr. Amit Saini who have helped me to perform own internship and be

familiar to the practical aspect and uses of theoretical knowledge.

At the outset, I would like to express my immense gratitude to Mr. Amit Saini

guiding me right from the inception till the successful completion of the Course. I am falling

short of words for Mr. Kuldeep Panday expressing my feelings of gratitude towards him for

extending their valuable guidance share your experience and knowledge about projects and

Expects above all the moral support he had provided me with all stages of this training.

I would also like to thank my friends and all my group members for their help and

cooperation throughout the training period. Finally, if I have mistakenly omitted to giving

credits, I want to accept the humble apology and I want them to know that without their

support there will have differences in this task.

Gaurav Kumar Yadav

Roll no.- 0808231033



~ iii ~

ABSTRACT

The field of robotics engineering is a sub field of mechanical engineering. Robotics

engineers design robots and develop new applications for them for use in a wide range of

industries. With new possibilities for robotics due to advances in the computer sciences,

robotics engineering is growing rapidly. From production line robots to experimental robotics

for the medical, military, and automotive industries, the future of robotics engineering will

certainly offer a range of opportunities for professionals entering the field.

As robots migrated out of the fixed automation, fully structured factory assembly

lines into the unstructured and unpredictable worlds of space, underwater, in the air and on

the ground, where many of the future applications could be imagined, it became clear that a

complementary range of sensors and considerable artificial intelligence would be needed to

achieve autonomy. This striving for autonomy in complex, unstructured and unpredictable

environments, sometimes cohabited by humans became and still is the holy grail of robotics

and has given rise to the field of 'intelligent robotics' where perception, reasoning and

actuation are highly coupled to achieve useful tasks with little human guidance.

This document gives a short introduction to the basics of robotics in the context of

artificial intelligence. It describes the very basics of robotics like sensors and effectors, gives

an overview on robotic history, and introduces some basic problems encountered in modern

robotics. It describes possible solutions to those problems without going deeply into theory.

The problems introduced are perception, basic pose description, transition and sensor models,

localization as a special case of perception.



~ iv ~

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Description Page No.

Fig.1 Servo Motor 4Fig.2 Body of Humanoid Robot 6

Fig.3 Rack and Pinion Gear 8

Fig.4 Cams and Cranks 9

Fig.5 Worm Gear with Motor 9

Fig.6 (a) Conduction(b) Non-conduction state of an ideal diode 10

Fig.7 AND logic Gate 11

Fig.8 OR logic Gate 11

Fig.9 Series Negative Clipper 12

Fig.10 Parallel Negative Clipper 12

Fig.11 Switching Operation Of Transistor 13

Fig.12 Darlington Pair 14

Fig.13 H-Bridge Motor Driver 14

Fig.14 741 Chaning In Cascade 15

Fig.15 741 As A Comparator 16

Fig.16 311 As a Comparator IC 16

Fig.17 324 As A Comparator 17

Fig.18 Windowing Output Between Thresholds 17

Fig.19 Astable Multivibrator 18

Fig.20 Monostable Multivibrator 19

Fig.21 Bistable Timer 19

Fig.22 230V AC To 5V DC Converter Circuit 21

Fig.23 Layout Design Of PCB Of AC To DC Converter 22

Fig.24 Lamp Switch with LDR Circuit 24

Fig.25 Layout design of PCB of Switching using LDR 25

Fig.26 IR Detector Mechanism 26

Fig.27 IR Module Circuit 27

Fig.28 Layout Design Of PCB Of IR Module 28

Fig.29 IR Transmitter Circuit 29

Fig.30 ASK Modulated Signal 30



~ v ~

Fig.31 Receiver Block Diagram 31

Fig.32 Relay Driver Circuit 32

Fig.33 Line Follower Without Microcontroller 33

Fig.34 Block Diagram Of LFR 33

Fig.35 Movement Of Robot with Two Wheels 35

Fig.36 L293 Pin Diagram 36

Fig.37 Block Diagram Of Wireless Robot 37

Fig.38 RF Transmitter Circuit Using Encoder 38

Fig.39 RF Transmitter Kit With Manual And Pc Operation 38

Fig.40 RF Receiver Circuit Using Decoder 39

Fig.41 RF Receiver Kit With Motor Driver 40

Fig.42 Motor Driver L298 40

Fig.43 Parallel Port Pins 41

Fig.44 Opto-coupler MCT2E 42

Fig.45 PC Controlled Transmitter Circuit 42



~ vi ~

List of Abbreviation

BJT Bipolar junction transistor

IC Integrated circuit

PCB Printed circuit board

LDR Light Dependent resistor

IR Infra-red

LED Light Emitting diode

LFR Line following robot

GND Ground

ASK Amplitude shift keyingRF Radio frequency

MUX Multiplexer



~ vii ~

List of Symbols

1N4001 P-N junction diode

2N3904 N-P-N transistor

2N2222 N-P-N transistor (for high freq.)

741 OP-AMP IC

311 Differential comparator IC

324 Quadruple op-amp IC

555 Timer IC

7805 Voltage Regulator (5V)

Vss High voltage

0 Low voltage

L293 Motor driver

HT12E 4 bit encoder

HT12D 4 bit decoder

TWS434 RF transmitter

RWS434 RF receiver

L298 Motor driver(high operating voltage)



~ viii ~

List of Contents

Content Page

No.

Certificate i

Acknowledgement ii

Abstract iii

List of Figures iv

List of Abbreviations vi

List of Symbols vii

Chapter 1. Introduction 1

1.1 Waayoo Robotics Workshop 1

1.2 Components of robots 2

1.2.1 Power Source 3

1.2.2 Actuators 3

1.2.3 Sensors 4

1.2.4 Manipulation 5

1.2.5 Robot locomotion 5

1.2.6 Control and Feedback 6

1.3 Classification of Robotics 7

1.4 Basic Mechanics 8

Chapter 2. Basic Electronics 10

2.1 Diode 10

2.2 Transistor 13

2.3 Operational Amplifier(OP-AMP) 15

2.4 555 Timer 18

Chapter 3. Projects 20

3.1 Regulated Power Supply 20

3.2 Lamp Switch Using LDR 23



~ ix ~

3.3 IR Module With IR Transmitter and Receiver 26

3.4 Home Appliances Control using IR 29

3.5 Line Follower Robot 33

3.6 Wireless Robot (RF Transmission and

reception)

37

3.6.1 Robot Control with Parallel Port of

Computer

41

Chapter 4. Literature Review 43

4.1 Training Services at Waayoo 44

Chapter 5. Conclusion 45

start of report acknowledgement ,abstract etc

Documents