stars of the universe
TRANSCRIPT
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Stars of the universeBINARY AND VARIABLE STARS.
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GALAXY, NEBULAE AND STAR CLUSTERS
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HUGE MASS OF STARS SMALLEST GALAXY -100000 STARS LARGEST GALAXY-3000 BILLION STARS MILKY WAY SPIRAL GALAXY GALAXY ROTATING IN SPACE,WITH STARS
MOVING FASTER.
GALAXY
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CLOUD OF DUST AND GAS EMISSION AND REFLECTION NEBULAE NEBULAE OF DYING STARS : PLANETARY
NEBULAE AND SUPERNOVA REMNANTS OPEN AND GLOBULAR CLUSTERS
NEBULAE AND STARS CLUSTERS
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BC HIPPARCHUS’ CLASSIFICATION 6 GROUP CATEGORISATION 1ST GROUP- BRIGHTEST STARS 6TH GROUP-FAINTEST STARS 1ST MAGNITUDE STAR= 100 X 6TH
MAGNITUDE
STELLAR MAGNITUDE SEQUENCE
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POGSON’S CALIBERATION
Bm/Bn=(n-m)Log2.512
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LUMINOSITIES OF STAR
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L = 4πr2 σ T4eff
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COLOUR INDEX OF STAR
HOT STARS COOL STARS
SHORTER WAVELENGTH
HIGH TEMPERATURES EMITS MORE LIGHT OF
BLUE VIOLET
LONGER WAVELENGTH LOW TEMPERATURES EMITS MORE LIGHT OF
YELLOW RED COLOUR
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KNOWLEDGE PROGRESSED IN TWO STEPS 1. MASS DETERMINATION 2.RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MASS AND
LUMINOSITIES.
BINARY STARS
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KINDS OF BINARY
1.VISUAL BINARY2.SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY
3. ECLIPSING BINARY
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1867, JOHN STONEY’S THEORY MACMILLAN’S THOERY FISSION THEORY
ORIGIN OF BINARY STARS
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FORMATION OF ROCHE LOBES FILLING OF ROCHE LOBE
MASS TRANSFER IN CLOSE BINARY SYSTEMS
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WIDE SEPARATION IN ORBITS REVOLUTION OF FAINTER STAR ABOUT ITS
BRIGHTER COMPONENT WITH A COMMON CENTER OF GRAVITY.
ANGULAR SEPARATION AND THE POSITION ANGLE.
VISUAL BINARIES
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VISUAL BINARY
ACCRETION DISK
SIRIUS SEEN BY HUBBLE TELESCOPE
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SIRIUS (49.5 YEARS) CYGNI (720 YEARS) ᾳ-CENTURI (80 YEARS)
EXAMPLES
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PICKERING’S OBSERVATION SHIFTING OF ABSORPTION LINES CLOSE STARS OF EQUAL BRIGHTNESS. DOPPLER SHIFTS- VELOCITY CURVES MASS- AMPLITUDE OF VELOCITY CURVE
RELATIONSHIP1. 2πrp = vpƮ2. 2πrs = vsƮ also,3. mp/ms = rs/rp = vs/vp
SPECTROSCOPIC BINARY
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FIRST OBSERVED IN MIZAR SHORTEST PEROD OF REVOLUTION 1. VISUAL-4.5YEARS 2. SPECTROSCOPIC- FEW HOURS TO 150
DAYS.
EXAMPLE
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PERIOD ECLIPSE OCCURRENCE TOTAL AND ANNULAR ECLIPSES BASED ON
SIZE OF STARS. CHANGE IN LIGHT INTENSITY.
ECLIPSING BINARIES
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EXAMPLE- ALGOL
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LIGHT CURVE OF ECLIPSING BINARY
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STARS ORBITTING ARPOUND EMPTY SPACE NO VISIBLE COMPANION DIM,MASKED BY GLARE OF PRIMARY, EMITS
LITTLE OR NO RADIATION
ASTROMETRIC BINARIES
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CENTRE OF MASS CALCULATION IN BINARIES
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MOTION OF STARS AROUND COMMON BARYCENTRE
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EQUAL MASSES
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SMALL DIFFERENCE IN MASS
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LARGE DIFFERENCE IN MASS
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EXTREME MASS DIFFERENCE
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SIMILAR MASSES ORBITTING IN ELLIPSE AROUND COMMON B.C.
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INTRINSIC VARIABLES EXTRINSIC VARIABLES LIGHT CURVES DATA
1. BRIGHTNESS VARIATIONS PERIODICAL,SEMIPERIODICAL, IRREGULAR
2. SHAPE OF LIGHT CURVES
VARIABLE STARS
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PULSATING- ALTERNATE EXPANSION & CONTRACTION
ERUPTIVE- ERUPTIONS AND FLARES ON SURFACE
CATACLYSMIC OR EXPLOSIVE VARIABLES
INTRINSIC VARIABLES
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EFFECECLIPSING BINARIES, DOUBLE STARS ROTATING VARIABLES – (SUNSPOT TS)
EXTRINSIC VARIABLES
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HERTZSPRUNG –RUSSELL DIAGRAM FOR INTRINSIC VARIABLES
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CEPHEIDS-CLASSICAL CEPHEIDS, TYPE II, RR LYRAE, DELTA SCUTI ETC.
LONG PERIOD VARIABLES- MIRA, SEMIREGULAR, SLOW IRREGULAR
SLOW PULSATING B STARS RV TAURI ALPHA CYGNI PULSATING WHITE DWARFS
EXAMPLES
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INFORMATION OF MASS, RADIUS, TEMPERATURE AND LUMINOSITY
UNDERSTANDING NATURE OF DIFFERENT STARS SYSTEMATIC ANALYZING- PHOTOGRAPHIC,
PHOTOELECTRIC AND CALIBERATED COUPLED DEVICE (CCD)
CEPHEID VARIABLES HELPS IN DETERMINING AGE OF UNIVERSE
CATACLYSMIC HELPS IN UNDERSTANDING ACTIVE GALAXIES AND SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES.
RESEARCH ON STARS
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THERE WILL ALWAYS BE SOME MYSTERIES HIDDEN WITHIN THE STARS AND THE ETERNAL QUEST TO COMPREHEND THE SPLENDOUR OF HEAVENS WILL NEVER CEASE