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Scientific and TechnicalAerospace Reports

Volume 39November 16, 2001

National Aeronautics andSpace AdministrationLangley Research Center

Scientific and TechnicalInformation Program Office

The NASA STI Program Office . . . in Profile

Since its founding, NASA has been dedicatedto the advancement of aeronautics and spacescience. The NASA Scientific and TechnicalInformation (STI) Program Office plays a keypart in helping NASA maintain this importantrole.

The NASA STI Program Office is operated byLangley Research Center, the lead center forNASA’s scientific and technical information.The NASA STI Program Office provides accessto the NASA STI Database, the largest collectionof aeronautical and space science STI in theworld. The Program Office is also NASA’sinstitutional mechanism for disseminating theresults of its research and development activities.These results are published by NASA in theNASA STI Report Series, which includes thefollowing report types:

� TECHNICAL PUBLICATION. Reports ofcompleted research or a major significantphase of research that present the results ofNASA programs and include extensive data ortheoretical analysis. Includes compilations ofsignificant scientific and technical data andinformation deemed to be of continuingreference value. NASA’s counterpart of peer-reviewed formal professional papers but hasless stringent limitations on manuscript lengthand extent of graphic presentations.

� TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM. Scientificand technical findings that are preliminary orof specialized interest, e.g., quick releasereports, working papers, and bibliographiesthat contain minimal annotation. Does notcontain extensive analysis.

� CONTRACTOR REPORT. Scientific andtechnical findings by NASA-sponsoredcontractors and grantees.

� CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. Collectedpapers from scientific and technicalconferences, symposia, seminars, or othermeetings sponsored or cosponsored by NASA.

� SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific,technical, or historical information fromNASA programs, projects, and missions,often concerned with subjects havingsubstantial public interest.

� TECHNICAL TRANSLATION.English-language translations of foreignscientific and technical material pertinent toNASA’s mission.

Specialized services that complement the STIProgram Office’s diverse offerings includecreating custom thesauri, building customizeddatabases, organizing and publishing researchresults . . . even providing videos.

For more information about the NASA STIProgram Office, see the following:

� Access the NASA STI Program Home Page athttp://www.sti.nasa.gov

� E-mail your question via the Internet [email protected]

� Fax your question to the NASA STI HelpDesk at (301) 621-0134

� Telephone the NASA STI Help Desk at(301) 621-0390

� Write to:NASA STI Help DeskNASA Center for AeroSpace Information7121 Standard DriveHanover, MD 21076-1320

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Introduction

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports (STAR) is an electronic abstract journal, listing citationswith abstracts for aerospace-related reports obtained from worldwide sources. It is electronicallypublished biweekly and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASAScientific and Technical Information (STI) Database. The documents are of the following types:

� NASA, NASA contractor, and NASA grantee reports;

� Reports issued by other U.S. Government agencies, domestic and foreign institutions,universities, and private firms;

� Translations in report form;

� NASA-owned patents and patent applications

� Other U.S. Government agency and foreign patents and patent applications

� Domestic and foreign dissertations and theses.

Also included are two indexes, Subject Term and Personal Author. The Subject Term Index isgenerated from the NASA Thesaurus terms associated and listed with each document.

STAR subject coverage includes all aspects of aeronautics and space research and development,supporting basic and applied research, and applications. Aerospace aspects of Earth resources,energy development, conservation, oceanography, environmental protection, urban transportation,and other topics of high national priority are also covered.

Abstracts in STAR are categorized by 10 major subject divisions that are divided further into 76specific subject categories. The subject divisions and categories are listed in the Table of Contentstogether with a note for each that defines its scope and provides any cross-references.

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SCAN Goes Electronic!If you have electronic mail or if you can access the Internet, you can view biweekly issues of SCANfrom your desktop absolutely free!

Electronic SCAN takes advantage of computer technology to inform you of the latest worldwide,aerospace-related, scientific and technical information that has been published.

No more waiting while the paper copy is printed and mailed to you. You can view Electronic SCANthe same day it is released—up to 191 topics to browse at your leisure. When you locate a publicationof interest, you can print the announcement. You can also go back to the Electronic SCAN home pageand follow the ordering instructions to quickly receive the full document.

Start your access to Electronic SCAN today. Over 1,000 announcements of new reports, books, con-ference proceedings, journal articles...and more—available to your computer every two weeks.

For Internet access to E-SCAN, use any of thefollowing addresses:

http://www.sti.nasa.govftp.sti.nasa.govgopher.sti.nasa.gov

Determine the SCAN topics you wish to receive and send an e-mail to [email protected]. Leavethe subject line blank and enter a subscribe command, denoting which topic you want and your namein the message area, formatted as follows:

Subscribe SCAN–02–01 Jane Doe

For additional information, e-mail a message to [email protected].

Phone: (301) 621-0390

Fax: (301) 621-0134

Write: NASA STI Help DeskNASA Center for AeroSpace Information7121 Standard DriveHanover, MD 21076-1320

Looking just for Aerospace Medicine and Biology reports?

Although hard copy distribution has been discontinued, you can still receive these vital announcements through your E-SCAN subscription. Just Subscribe SCAN-AEROMED Jane Doe in the message area of your e-mail to [email protected].

Table of Contents

Subject Divisions

Document citations are grouped first by the following divisions. Select a division title to view the category-level Table of Contents.

A. Aeronautics H. Physics

B. Astronautics I. Social and Information Sciences

C. Chemistry and Materials J. Space Sciences

D. Engineering K. General

E. Geosciences

F. Life Sciences

G. Mathematical and Computer Sciences

Indexes

Two indexes are available. You may use the find command under the tools menu while viewing the PDFfile for direct match searching on any text string. You may also select either of the two indexes providedfor searching on NASA Thesaurus subject terms and personal author names.

Subject Term IndexPersonal Author Index

Document Availability

Select Availability Info for important information about NASA Scientific and Technical Information(STI) Program Office products and services, including registration with the NASA Center for AeroSpaceInformation (CASI) for access to the NASA CASI TRS (Technical Report Server), and availability and pric-ing information for cited documents.

Subject Categories of the Division A. Aeronautics

Select a category to view the collection of records cited. N.A. means no abstracts in that category.

01 Aeronautics (General) 1Includes general research topics related to manned and unmanned aircraft and the problems of flightwithin the Earth’s atmosphere. Also includes manufacturing, maintenance, and repair of aircraft. Forspecific topics in aeronautics see categories 02 through 09. For information related to space vehiclessee 12 Astronautics.

02 Aerodynamics 1Includes aerodynamics of flight vehicles, test bodies, airframe components and combinations,wings, and control surfaces. Also includes aerodynamics of rotors, stators, fans and other elementsof turbomachinery. For related information, see also 34 Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer.

03 Air Transportation and Safety 3Includes passenger and cargo air transport operations; aircraft ground operations; flight safety andhazards; and aircraft accidents. Systems and hardware specific to ground operations of aircraft andto airport construction are covered in 09 Research and Support Facilities (Air). Air traffic controlis covered in 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation. For related information see also 16 SpaceTransportation and Safety; and 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.

04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation 7Includes all modes of communication with and between aircraft; air navigation systems (satellite andground based); and air traffic control. For related information see also 06 Avionics and AircraftInstrumentation; 17 Space Communications; Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking,and 32 Communications and Radar.

05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance 8Includes all stages of design of aircraft and aircraft structures and systems. Also includes aircrafttesting, performance, and evaluation, and aircraft and flight simulation technology. For related in-formation, see also 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance and 39 Structural Mechanics.For land transportation vehicles, see 85 Technology Utilization and Surface Transportation.

07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power 13Includes prime propulsion systems and systems components, e.g., gas turbine engines and compres-sors; and onboard auxiliary power plants for aircraft. For related information see also 20 SpacecraftPropulsion and Power, 28 Propellants and Fuels, and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.

09 Research and Support Facilities (Air) 14Includes airports, runways, hangers, and aircraft repair and overhaul facilities, wind tunnels, watertunnels, and shock tubes; flight simulators; and aircraft engine test stands. Also includes airportground equipment and systems. For airport ground operation see 03 Air Transportation and Safety.For astronautical facilities see 14 Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space).

Subject Categories of the Division B. Astronautics


12 Astronautics (General) 15Includes general research topics related to space flight and manned and unmanned space vehicles,platforms or objects launched into, or assembled in, outer space; and related components and equip-ment. Also includes manufacturing and maintenance of such vehicles or platforms. For specifictopics in astronautics see categories 13 through 20. For extraterrestrial exploration, see 91 Lunarand Planetary Science and Exploration.

13 Astrodynamics 16Includes powered and free-flight trajectories; and orbital and launching dynamics.

14 Ground Support Systems and Facilities (Space) 16Includes launch complexes, research and production facilities; ground support equipment, e.g., mo-bile transporters; and test chambers and simulators. Also includes extraterrestrial bases andsupporting equipment. For related information see also 09 Research and Support Facilities (Air).

18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance 17Includes satellites; space platforms; space stations; spacecraft systems and components such as ther-mal and environmental controls; and spacecraft control and stability characteristics. For life supportsystems, see 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support. For related information, see also 05 Air-craft Design, Testing and Performance, 39 Structural Mechanics, and 16 Space Transportation andSafety.

20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power 17Includes main propulsion systems and components, e.g., rocket engines; and spacecraft auxiliarypower sources. For related information, see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 28 Propellantsand Fuels; 15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations; and 44 Energy Production and Conversion.

Subject Categories of the Division C. Chemistry and Mate-rials


23 Chemistry and Materials (General) 18Includes general research topics related to the composition, properties, structure, and use of chem-ical compounds and materials as they relate to aircraft, launch vehicles, and spacecraft. For specifictopics in chemistry and materials see categories 24 through 29. For astrochemistry see category 90Astrophysics.

24 Composite Materials 21Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of laminates and other composite materials.

25 Inorganic, Organic, and Physical Chemistry 23Includes the analysis, synthesis, and use inorganic and organic compounds; combustion theory; elec-trochemistry; and photochemistry. For related information see also 34 Fluid Dynamics and Thermo-dynamics, For astrochemistry see category 90 Astrophysics.

26 Metals and Metallic Materials 29Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of metals and metallic materials; and metal-lurgy.

27 Nonmetallic Materials 33Includes physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of plastics, elastomers, lubricants, polymers,textiles, adhesives, and ceramic materials. For composite materials see 24 Composite Materials.

28 Propellants and Fuels 38Includes rocket propellants, igniters and oxidizers; their storage and handling procedures; and air-craft fuels. For nuclear fuels see 73 Nuclear Physics. For related information see also 07 AircraftPropulsion and Power, 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power, and 44 Energy Production and Conver-sion.

Subject Categories of the Division D. Engineering


31 Engineering (General) 39Includes general research topics to engineering and applied physics, and particular areas of vacuumtechnology, industrial engineering, cryogenics, and fire prevention. For specific topics in engi-neering see categories 32 through 39.

32 Communications and Radar 43Includes radar; radio, wire, and optical communications; land and global communications; commu-nications theory. For related information see also 04 Aircraft Communications and Navigation; and17 Space Communications, Spacecraft Communications, Command and Tracking; for search andrescue see 03 Air Transportation and Safety, and 16 Space Transportation and Safety.

33 Electronics and Electrical Engineering 52Includes development, performance, and maintainability of electrical/electronic devices andcomponents; related test equipment. and microelectronics and integrated circuitry. For related infor-mation see also 60 Computer Operations and Hardware; and 76 Solid-State Physics. For commu-nications equipment and devices see 32 Communications and Radar.

34 Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 65Includes fluid dynamics and kinematics and all forms of heat transfer; boundary layer flow; hydro-dynamics; hydraulics; fluidics; mass transfer and ablation cooling. For related information see also02 Aerodynamics.

35 Instrumentation and Photography 70Includes remote sensors; measuring instruments and gauges; detectors; cameras and photographicsupplies; and holography. For aerial photography see 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing. Forrelated information see also 06 Avionics and Aircraft Instrumentation; and 19 Spacecraft Instrumen-tation.

36 Lasers and Masers 77Includes lasing theory, laser pumping techniques, maser amplifiers, laser materials, and the assess-ment of laser and maser outputs. For cases where the application of the laser or maser is emphasizedsee also the specific category where the application is treated. For related information see also 76Solid-State Physics.

37 Mechanical Engineering 79Includes mechanical devices and equipment; machine elements and processes. For cases where theapplication of a device or the host vehicle is emphasized see also the specific category where theapplication or vehicle is treated. For robotics see 63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence, andRobotics; and 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.

38 Quality Assurance and Reliability 80Includes approaches to, and methods for reliability analysis and control, inspection, maintainability,and standardization.

39 Structural Mechanics 81Includes structural element design, analysis and testing; dynamic responses of structures; weightanalysis; fatigue and other structural properties; and mechanical and thermal stresses in structure.For applications see 05 Aircraft Design, Testing and Performance and 18 Spacecraft Design, Testingand Performance.

Subject Categories of the Division E. Geosciences


42 Geosciences (General) 82Includes general research topics related to the Earth sciences, and the specific areas of petrology,minerology, and general geology. For other specific topics in geosciences see categories 42 through48.

43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing 85Includes remote sensing of earth features, phenomena and resources by aircraft, balloon, rocket, andspacecraft; analysis or remote sensing data and imagery; development of remote sensing products;photogrammetry; and aerial photographs. For instrumentation see 35 Instrumentation and Photog-raphy.

44 Energy Production and Conversion 93Includes specific energy conversion systems, e.g., fuel cells; and solar, geothermal, windpower, andwaterwave conversion systems; energy storage; and traditional power generators. For technologiesrelated to nuclear energy production see 73 Nuclear Physics. For related information see also 07 Air-craft Propulsion and Power; 20 Spacecraft Propulsion and Power, and 28 Propellants and Fuels.

45 Environment Pollution 95Includes atmospheric, water, soil, noise, and thermal pollution.

46 Geophysics 104Includes earth structure and dynamics, aeronomy; upper and lower atmosphere studies; ionosphericand magnetospheric physics; and geomagnetism. For related information see 47 Meteorology andClimatology; and 93 Space Radiation.

47 Meteorology and Climatology 114Includes weather observation forecasting and modification.

48 Oceanography 118Includes the physical, chemical and biological aspects of oceans and seas; ocean dynamics, andmarine resources. For related information see also 43 Earth Resources and Remote Sensing.

Subject Categories of the Division F. Life Sciences


51 Life Sciences (General) 120Includes general research topics related to plant and animal biology (non–human); ecology; micro-biology; and also the origin, development, structure, and maintenance, of animals and plants in spaceand related environmental conditions. For specific topics in life sciences see categories 52 through55.

52 Aerospace Medicine 151Includes the biological and physiological effects of atmospheric and space flight (weightlessness,space radiation, acceleration, and altitude stress) on the human being; and the prevention of adverseeffects on those environments. For psychological and behavioral effects of aerospace environmentssee 53 Behavioral Sciences. For the effects of space on animals and plants see 51 Life Sciences.

53 Behavioral Sciences 153Includes psychological factors; individual and group behavior; crew training and evaluation; andpsychiatric research.

54 Man/System Technology and Life Support 154Includes human factors engineering; bionics, man–machine, life support, space suits and protectiveclothing. For related information see also 16 Space Transportation and 52 Aerospace Medicine..

Subject Categories of the Division G. Mathematical andComputer Sciences


59 Mathematical and Computer Sciences (General) 155Includes general topics and overviews related to mathematics and computer science. For specifictopics in these areas see categories 60 through 67.

60 Computer Operations and Hardware 156Includes hardware for computer graphics, firmware and data processing. For components see 33Electronics and Electrical Engineering. For computer vision see 63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelli-gence and Robotics.

61 Computer Programming and Software 158Includes software engineering, computer programs, routines, algorithms, and specific applications,e.g., CAD/CAM. For computer software applied to specific applications, see also the associatedcategory.

62 Computer Systems 168Includes computer networks and distributed processing systems. For information systems see 82Documentation and Information Science. For computer systems applied to specific applications, seethe associated category.

63 Cybernetics, Artificial Intelligence and Robotics 173Includes feedback and control theory, information theory, machine learning, and expert systems. Forrelated information see also 54 Man/System Technology and Life Support.

64 Numerical Analysis 174Includes iteration, differential and difference equations, and numerical approximation.

65 Statistics and Probability 175Includes data sampling and smoothing; Monte Carlo method; time series and analysis; and stochasticprocesses.

66 Systems Analysis and Operations Research 176Includes mathematical modeling of systems; network analysis; mathematical programming; deci-sion theory; and game theory.

67 Theoretical Mathematics 176Includes algebra, functional analysis, geometry, topology set theory, group theory and and numbertheory.

Subject Categories of the Division H. Physics


70 Physics (General) 177Includes general research topics related to mechanics, kinetics, magnetism, and electrodynamics.For specific areas of physics see categories 71 through 77. For related instrumentation see 35 Instru-mentation and Photography; for geophysics, astrophysics or solar physics see 46 Geophysics, 90Astrophysics, or 92 Solar Physics.

71 Acoustics 184Includes sound generation, transmission, and attenuation. For noise pollution see 45 EnvironmentPollution. For aircraft noise see also 02 Aerodynamics and 07 Aircraft Propulsion Propulsion andPower.

72 Atomic and Molecular Physics 190Includes atomic and molecular structure, electron properties, and atomic and molecular spectra. Forelementary particle physics see 73 Nuclear Physics.

73 Nuclear Physics 196Includes nuclear particles; and reactor theory. For space radiation see 93 Space Radiation. Foratomic and molecular physics see 72 Atomic and Molecular Physics. For elementary particle physicssee 77 Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields. For nuclear astrophysics see 90 Astrophysics.

74 Optics 198Includes light phenomena and the theory of optical devices. For lasers see 36 Lasers and Masers.

75 Plasma Physics 201Includes magnetohydrodynamics and plasma fusion. For ionospheric plasmas see 46 Geophysics.For space plasmas see 90 Astrophysics.

76 Solid-State Physics 203Includes condensed matter physics, crystallography, and superconductivity. For related informationsee also 33 Electronics and Electrical Engineering and 36 Lasers and Masers.

77 Physics of Elementary Particles and Fields 208Includes quantum mechanics; theoretical physics; and statistical mechanics. For related informationsee also 72 Atomic and Molecular Physics, 73 Nuclear Physics, and 25 Inorganic, Organic andPhysical Chemistry.

Subject Categories of the Division I. Social andInformation Sciences


81 Administration and Management 209Includes management planning and research.

82 Documentation and Information Science 211Includes information management; information storage and retrieval technology; technical writing;graphic arts; and micrography. For computer documentation see 61 Computer Programming andSoftware.

83 Economics and Cost Analysis 217Includes cost effectiveness studies.

84 Law, Political Science and Space Policy 217Includes aviation law; space law and policy; international law; international cooperation; and patentpolicy.

Subject Categories of the Division J. Space Sciences


90 Astrophysics 218Includes cosmology; celestial mechanics; space plasmas; and interstellar and interplanetary gasesand dust.

91 Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration 219Includes planetology; selenology; meteorites; comets; and manned and unmanned planetary andlunar flights. For spacecraft design or space stations see 18 Spacecraft Design, Testing and Perfor-mance.

92 Solar Physics 221Includes solar activity, solar flares, solar radiation and sunspots. For related information see 93Space Radiation.

93 Space Radiation 222Includes cosmic radiation; and inner and outer Earth radiation belts. For biological effects of radi-ation on plants and animals see 52 Aerospace Medicine. For theory see 73 Nuclear Physics.

Document Availability InformationThe mission of the NASA Scientific and Technical (STI) Program Office is to quickly, efficiently,and cost-effectively provide the NASA community with desktop access to STI produced by NASAand the world’s aerospace industry and academia. In addition, we will provide the aerospaceindustry, academia, and the taxpayer access to the intellectual scientific and technical output andachievements of NASA.

Eligibility and Registration for NASA STI Products and Services

The NASA STI Program offers a wide variety of products and services to achieve its mission. Youraffiliation with NASA determines the level and type of services provided by the NASA STIProgram. To assure that appropriate level of services are provided, NASA STI users are requested toregister at the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI). Please contact NASA CASI in oneof the following ways:

E-mail: [email protected]: 301-621-0134Phone: 301-621-0390Mail: ATTN: Registration Services

NASA Center for AeroSpace Information7121 Standard DriveHanover, MD 21076-1320

Limited Reproducibility

In the database citations, a note of limited reproducibility appears if there are factors affecting thereproducibility of more than 20 percent of the document. These factors include faint or broken type,color photographs, black and white photographs, foldouts, dot matrix print, or some other factor thatlimits the reproducibility of the document. This notation also appears on the microfiche header.

NASA Patents and Patent Applications

Patents owned by NASA are announced in the STI Database. Printed copies of patents (which are notmicrofiched) are available for purchase from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

When ordering patents, the U.S. Patent Number should be used, and payment must be remitted inadvance, by money order or check payable to the Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks. Prepaidpurchase coupons for ordering are also available from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

Patents and patent applications owned by NASA are available for licensing. Requests for licensingterms and further information should be addressed to:

National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationAssociate General Counsel for Intellectual PropertyCode GPWashington, DC 20546-0001

Sources for Documents

One or more sources from which a document announced in the STI Database is available to thepublic is ordinarily given on the last line of the citation. The most commonly indicated sources andtheir acronyms or abbreviations are listed below, with an Addresses of Organizations list near theback of this section. If the publication is available from a source other than those listed, the publisherand his address will be displayed on the availability line or in combination with the corporate source.

Avail: NASA CASI. Sold by the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information. Prices for hard copy(HC) and microfiche (MF) are indicated by a price code following the letters HC or MF inthe citation. Current values are given in the NASA CASI Price Code Table near the end ofthis section.Note on Ordering Documents: When ordering publications from NASA CASI, use the document ID numberor other report number. It is also advisable to cite the title and other bibliographic identification.

Avail: SOD (or GPO). Sold by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government PrintingOffice, in hard copy.

Avail: BLL (formerly NLL): British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, Yorkshire,England. Photocopies available from this organization at the price shown. (If none is given,inquiry should be addressed to the BLL.)

Avail: DOE Depository Libraries. Organizations in U.S. cities and abroad that maintaincollections of Department of Energy reports, usually in microfiche form, are listed inEnergy Research Abstracts. Services available from the DOE and its depositories aredescribed in a booklet, DOE Technical Information Center—Its Functions and Services(TID-4660), which may be obtained without charge from the DOE Technical InformationCenter.

Avail: ESDU. Pricing information on specific data, computer programs, and details on ESDUInternational topic categories can be obtained from ESDU International.

Avail: Fachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe. Gesellschaft für wissenschaftlich-technischeInformation mbH 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.

Avail: HMSO. Publications of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office are sold in the U.S. by PendragonHouse, Inc. (PHI), Redwood City, CA. The U.S. price (including a service and mailingcharge) is given, or a conversion table may be obtained from PHI.

Avail: Issuing Activity, or Corporate Author, or no indication of availability. Inquiries as to theavailability of these documents should be addressed to the organization shown in thecitation as the corporate author of the document.

Avail: NASA Public Document Rooms. Documents so indicated may be examined at or purchasedfrom the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (JBD-4), Public DocumentsRoom (Room 1H23), Washington, DC 20546-0001, or public document rooms located atNASA installations, and the NASA Pasadena Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Avail: NTIS. Sold by the National Technical Information Service. Initially distributed microficheunder the NTIS SRIM (Selected Research in Microfiche) are available. For informationconcerning this service, consult the NTIS Subscription Section, Springfield, VA 22161.

Avail: Univ. Microfilms. Documents so indicated are dissertations selected from DissertationAbstracts and are sold by University Microfilms as xerographic copy (HC) and microfilm.All requests should cite the author and the Order Number as they appear in the citation.

Avail: US Patent and Trademark Office. Sold by Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks, U.S.Patent and Trademark Office, at the standard price of $1.50 each, postage free.

Avail: (US Sales Only). These foreign documents are available to users within the United Statesfrom the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). They are available to usersoutside the United States through the International Nuclear Information Service (INlS)representative in their country, or by applying directly to the issuing organization.

Avail: USGS. Originals of many reports from the U.S. Geological Survey, which may containcolor illustrations, or otherwise may not have the quality of illustrations preserved in themicrofiche or facsimile reproduction, may be examined by the public at the libraries of theUSGS field offices whose addresses are listed on the Addresses of Organizations page. Thelibraries may be queried concerning the availability of specific documents and the possibleutilization of local copying services, such as color reproduction.

Addresses of Organizations

British Library Lending Division National Technical Information ServiceBoston Spa, Wetherby, Yorkshire 5285 Port Royal RoadEngland Springfield, VA 22161

Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks Pendragon House, Inc.U.S. Patent and Trademark Office 899 Broadway AvenueWashington, DC 20231 Redwood City, CA 94063

Department of Energy Superintendent of DocumentsTechnical Information Center U.S. Government Printing OfficeP.O. Box 62 Washington, DC 20402Oak Ridge, TN 37830

University MicrofilmsEuropean Space Agency– A Xerox Company

Information Retrieval Service ESRIN 300 North Zeeb RoadVia Galileo Galilei Ann Arbor, MI 4810600044 Frascati (Rome) Italy

University Microfilms, Ltd.ESDU International Tylers Green27 Corsham Street London, EnglandLondonN1 6UA U.S. Geological Survey Library National CenterEngland MS 950

12201 Sunrise Valley DriveFachinformationszentrum Karlsruhe Reston, VA 22092

Gesellschaft für wissenschaftlich–technischeInformation mbH U.S. Geological Survey Library

76344 Eggenstein–Leopoldshafen, Germany 2255 North Gemini DriveFlagstaff, AZ 86001

Her Majesty’s Stationery OfficeP.O. Box 569, S.E. 1 U.S. Geological SurveyLondon, England 345 Middlefield Road

Menlo Park, CA 94025NASA Center for AeroSpace Information7121 Standard Drive U.S. Geological Survey LibraryHanover, MD 21076-1320 Box 25046

Denver Federal Center, MS914(NASA STI Lead Center) Denver, CO 80225National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationScientific and Technical Information Program OfficeLangley Research Center – MS157Hampton, VA 23681

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Typical Report Citation and Abstract

➊ 19970001126 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA➋ Water Tunnel Flow Visualization Study Through Poststall of 12 Novel Planform Shapes➌ Gatlin, Gregory M., NASA Langley Research Center, USA Neuhart, Dan H., Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co., USA;➍ Mar. 1996; 130p; In English➎ Contract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 505-68-70-04➏ Report No(s): NASA-TM-4663; NAS 1.15:4663; L-17418; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche➐ To determine the flow field characteristics of 12 planform geometries, a flow visualization investigation was conducted

in the Langley 16- by 24-Inch Water Tunnel. Concepts studied included flat plate representations of diamond wings, twinbodies, double wings, cutout wing configurations, and serrated forebodies. The off-surface flow patterns were identified byinjecting colored dyes from the model surface into the free-stream flow. These dyes generally were injected so that the local-ized vortical flow patterns were visualized. Photographs were obtained for angles of attack ranging from 10’ to 50’, and allinvestigations were conducted at a test section speed of 0.25 ft per sec. Results from the investigation indicate that the forma-tion of strong vortices on highly swept forebodies can improve poststall lift characteristics; however, the asymmetric burstingof these vortices could produce substantial control problems. A wing cutout was found to significantly alter the position ofthe forebody vortex on the wing by shifting the vortex inboard. Serrated forebodies were found to effectively generate multi-ple vortices over the configuration. Vortices from 65’ swept forebody serrations tended to roll together, while vortices from40’ swept serrations were more effective in generating additional lift caused by their more independent nature.

➑ Author➒ Water Tunnel Tests; Flow Visualization; Flow Distribution; Free Flow; Planforms; Wing Profiles; Aerodynamic

Configurations

Key

1. Document ID Number; Corporate Source2. Title3. Author(s) and Affiliation(s)4. Publication Date5. Contract/Grant Number(s)6. Report Number(s); Availability and Price Codes7. Abstract8. Abstract Author9. Subject Terms

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�� A Biweekly Publication of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

VOLUME 39, NOVEMBER 16, 2001

01AERONAUTICS (GENERAL)

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20010099419 National Aerospace Lab., Fluid Science Research Center, Tokyo, JapanTechnical Report of National Aerospace Laboratory. Development of a System for Prediction of Boundary-LayerTransitionNomura, T.; January 2000; 14p; In EnglishReport No.(s): PB2001-105895; NAL-TR-1397T; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche

A system for prediction of boundary-layer transition is developed which consists of the Navier-Stokes code, two kinds ofcodes based on the linear parabolized stability equations (PSE), and the e(sup N)-method code. The prediction system isformulated in generalized curvilinear coordinates, which makes the system applicable to practical configurations. The system isused to predict the transition of the boundary layer of an infinite swept cylinder placed in a supersonic flow. The results obtainedvalidate the system and clarify the effect of the nonparallelism of the boundary layer on an oblique TS wave. Furthermore, thecharacteristics of the PSE codes such as transients and oscillations are found through the analysis of a crossflow disturbance.NTISBoundary Layer Transition; Cross Flow; Prediction Analysis Techniques; Systems Engineering

02AERODYNAMICS

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20010102679 Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ USAControl of Transition in Swept-Wing Boundary Layers using MEMS Devices as Distributed Roughness Final Report, 1Jul. 1997 - 31 Dec. 2000Saric, William S.; Aug. 24, 2001; 195p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-97-1-0520Report No.(s): AD-A393665; XAA0034F; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

Active flow control using MEMS-based microactuators holds tremendous promise for achieving laminar flow control anddrag reduction for a wide class of aircraft. In order to achieve effective control it is necessary to have a complete understandingof the fundamental instability processes that apply to a particular boundary layer and to develop a sensor and actuator system thatis capable of providing an appropriate control input to that boundary layer. In the present work, crossflow-dominated swept-wingboundary layers are the primary interest. These boundary layers are known to undergo a highly nonlinear transition process thatinvolves, in low-disturbance environments, stationary waves of longitudinal vorticity. These stationary waves have to potentialto be controlled or suppressed by an appropriate surface roughness configurations that could be provided by MEMS-basedactuators. The work performed here consists of a parallel experimental and hardware development efforts. The breakdown phaseof the crossflow instability is investigated in the experiments in an effort to determine an appropriate control input. A

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MEMS-based roughness actuator system is developed to provide controlled roughness inputs. The results of the experimentalphase conclusively demonstrate that the destabilization of a high-frequency secondary instability is responsible or breakdown.The MEMS development effort did not produce a useful control device because of certain shortcomings in the present state ofMEMS fabrication quality control and overall system integration.DTICActive Control; Actuators; Boundary Layer Control; Control Equipment; Cross Flow; Drag Reduction; MicroelectromechanicalSystems; Microinstrumentation; Swept Wings; Systems Integration

20010103867 Florida Univ., Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, Mechanics and Engineering Science, Gainesville, FL USADevelopment of an Innovative Algorithm for Aerodynamics-Structure Interaction Using Lattice Boltzmann MethodFinal Report, 15 Jul. 1998 - 14 Jul. 2001Mei, Ren-Wei, Florida Univ., USA; Shyy, Wei, Florida Univ., USA; Yu, Da-Zhi, Florida Univ., USA; Luo, Li-Shi, Institute forComputer Applications in Science and Engineering, USA; [2001]; 150p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): NAG1-2092; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) is a kinetic formulation which offers an alternative computational method capable ofsolving fluid dynamics for various systems. Major advantages of the method are owing to the fact that the solution for the particledistribution functions is explicit, easy to implement, and the algorithm is natural to parallelize. In this final report, we summarizethe works accomplished in the past three years. Since most works have been published, the technical details can be found in theliterature. Brief summary will be provided in this report. In this project, a second-order accurate treatment of boundary conditionin the LBE method is developed for a curved boundary and tested successfully in various 2-D and 3-D configurations. To evaluatethe aerodynamic force on a body in the context of LBE method, several force evaluation schemes have been investigated. A simplemomentum exchange method is shown to give reliable and accurate values for the force on a body in both 2-D and 3-D cases.Various 3-D LBE models have been assessed in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and robustness. In general, accurate 3-D results canbe obtained using LBE methods. The 3-D 19-bit model is found to be the best one among the 15-bit, 19-bit, and 27-bit LBE models.to achieve desired grid resolution and to accommodate the far field boundary conditions in aerodynamics computations, amulti-block LBE method is developed by dividing the flow field into various blocks each having constant lattice spacing.Substantial contribution to the LBE method is also made through the development of a new, generalized lattice Boltzmannequation constructed in the moment space in order to improve the computational stability, detailed theoretical analysis on thestability, dispersion, and dissipation characteristics of the LBE method, and computational studies of high Reynolds number flowswith singular gradients. Finally, a finite difference-based lattice Boltzmann method is developed for inviscid compressible flows.AuthorBoltzmann Transport Equation; Computational Fluid Dynamics; Two Dimensional Models; Three Dimensional Models;Algorithms; Aerodynamic Forces; Fluid-Solid Interactions

20010104664 National Aerospace Lab., Amsterdam NetherlandsDevelopment of Analysis Tools for Active Shape and Vibration ControlBoer, A. de; Veul, R.; Arendsen, P.; Bakker, M.; Apr. 23, 2000; 9p; In English; Presented at Active Control Technology forEnhanced Performance Operation Capabilities of Military Aircraft, Land Vehicles and Sea Vehicles, 8-12 May 2000,Braunschweig, Germany.Contract(s)/Grant(s): NRT-02805NReport No.(s): AD-A391791; NLR-TP-2000-225; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Active shape and vibration control are means for obtaining optimal flow conditions around wings, ducts and channels underdifferent conditions. This means that the structure can be adapted (deformed or damped) such that aerodynamic or vibro-acousticbehaviour is optimal for that particular situation. The fast developments in computer technology makes it possible that morecomplex analyses aerodynamics and vibro-acoustics included are applied in the design process. At NLR research is carried outon the integration of advanced analysis tools in design environments. In this paper the tools which are developed for the analysesof active shape and vibration control are presented. The backbone of the design environment is an optimisation algorithm thathelps the designer to come up with optimal design of structures. In the case of active shape and vibration control the optimal designof controllers is a new aspect. This means that in addition to the optimisation of the locations of sensors and actuators the controlparameters have to be optimised. In this paper a method is proposed to optimise locations and control parameters at once withthe standard finite element representation of the equation of motion as a base.DTICAerodynamics; Structural Engineering; Control Systems Design; Active Control; Finite Element Method; Vibrational Stress;Vibration Damping

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20010105287 Eagle Aerospace, Inc., Hampton, VA USAComputational Analyses of Propulsion Aeroacoustics for Mixed Flow Nozzle Pylon Installation at TakeoffMassey, Steven J., Eagle Aerospace, Inc., USA; Waithe, Kenrich A., Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., USA; September2001; 35p; In English; Original contains color illustrationsContract(s)/Grant(s): NASA Order L-13395; RTOP 706-32-41-03Report No.(s): NASA/CR-2001-211056; NAS 1.26:211056; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A CFD analyses is presented for a set of baseline and noise suppression mixed flow nozzles with and without a pyloninstallation. The five model configurations are as follows; a baselinecore/fan dual-stream nozzle with an external plug, a chevronmixer nozzle with a peak on the symmetry plane with external plug, both of the above nozzles with an installed bifurcatingpylonand lastly a clocked chevron mixer nozzle such that a trough is aligned with the center of the pylon. The fluid flow is simulatedby solving the asymptotically steady, compressible, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using an implicit, up-wind,flux-difference splitting finite volume scheme and standard two equation k-epsilon turbulence model with a linear stressrepresentation. All computations are performed using the multiblock, parallel, structuredcode PAB3D. Results indicate that theclocked chevron with pylon case achieves the most optimal levels of average and peak turbulence kinetic energy and vorticityand therefore is expected to be the quietest of the five configurations tested. Further study is required to refine expressions whichare indicative of noise and mate these with rigorous noise prediction models.AuthorComputational Fluid Dynamics; Plug Nozzles; Aeroacoustics; Analysis (Mathematics); Finite Volume Method; Flux DifferenceSplitting; Noise Prediction

03AIR TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY

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20010099424 Army Safety Center, Fort Rucker, AL USAFlightfax: Army Aviation Risk-Management InformationFlightfax; May 2001; Volume 29, No. 5, pp. 1-16; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A389948; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

In accident after accident the investigators of the Army Safety Center see the same mistakes over and over again:Derived from textHelicopters; Aircraft Accidents; Utility Aircraft; Management Information Systems; Information Management

20010099590 General Accounting Office, Resources and Economic Development Div., Washington, DC USANational Airspace System. Status of Wide Area Augmentation System ProjectApril 1998; 34p; In EnglishReport No.(s): PB2001-107574; GAO/RCED-98-79; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is planning a transition from ground- to satellite-based navigation by usingsatellite signals generated by the Department of Defenses (DOD) Global Positioning System (GPS). The system is expected toimprove the safety of flight operations, allow the fuel-efficient routing of aircraft, and enable FAA to eventually phase out itsnetwork of ground-based navigation aids. This network is known as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS). The Secretarywas directed to report on the status and management of the project, including an identification of baseline performance, cost, andschedule goals and to provide a risk assessment. This GAO report examined whether the Secretary report provides a completeassessment of FAAs risks in developing the WAAS project.NTISNational Airspace System; Navigation Aids; Safety; Flight Operations

20010100105 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Graduate School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAEffects of Alternative Performance Criteria Upon Composition of Air Transportable Spare Parts KitsBuyukacar, Volcan M.; Mar. 20, 2001; 122p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391234; AFIT/GLM/ENS/01M-05; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

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Airlift capacity is a definitive factor in the success of large-scale military operations. History proves that the demand for airliftsoon exceeds its capacity during simultaneous deployment of forces. Therefore good solutions to the airlift capacity problem areimportant. This thesis contributes to the resolution of this problem by seeking ways to reduce readiness spare parts packages(RSPs) deployed for Air Force squadrons through addition of airlift criteria into the RSP selection process. We find that item cost,weight, and volume are three important criteria for RSP computations. We then offer a method for implementing these threecriteria in the RSP selection process. We evaluate our method using an experimental design based on the USAF AircraftSustainability Model.DTICMilitary Operations; Spare Parts; System Effectiveness; Air Transportation

20010100454 Army Safety Center, Fort Rucker, AL USAFLIGHTFAX: Army Aviation Risk-Management Information. Volume 29, Number 9. September 2001Sep. 2001; 16p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393876; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Flightfax is published by the U.S. Army Safety Center and concerns issues related to army aviation safety. This issue containstopics including the high risk of flying in bad weather, computer-assisted disasters, laser protection for aviators, list of aircraftaccidents, and risk management.DTICAircraft Safety; Flight Safety; Armed Forces

20010101157 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USAA Comparison of Neural, Fuzzy, Evolutionary, and Adaptive Approaches for Carrier LandingSteinberg, Marc; Page, Anthony; Jan. 2001; 12p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393505; AIAA-2001-4085; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This paper compares in simulation six control approaches for an automated carrier landing design problem. The keyrequirements of this problem are that the aircraft must remain within tight bounds on a three dimensional flight path whileapproaching the ship, and then touch down in a relatively small area with acceptable sink rate, angular attitudes and speed. Further,this must be accomplished with limited control authority for varying conditions of ship motion, air turbulence, radar trackingnoise/data delays, and ship air wake. The control law approaches examined are: fuzzy logic, two neural network approaches,indirect adaptive and non-adaptive versions of dynamic inversion, and a hybrid approach that combines direct and indirectadaptive elements. In some of the cases, a genetic algorithm was used to optimize fixed parameters during design. The approacheswere demonstrated on a 6 Degree-of-Freedom simulation with nonlinear aerodynamic and engine models, actuator models withposition and rate saturations, and turbulence. Simulation results include statistics for landing with damage to both control andlifting surfaces in different environmental conditions.DTICFlight Control; Aircraft Landing; Design Analysis; Radar Tracking

20010101170 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USAResponding to F-14 Fleet Rudder Hardover IncidentsBruington, Mark; Brenernan, Kevin; Santangelo, Thomas; Jan. 2001; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393597; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Since the summer of 2000, the F-l4 community has experienced three occurrences of rudder hardover. TheNAVAIRSYSCOM F-l4 test and management teams commenced an investigation into the causes of the failure. This investigationled to the development of rudder hardover emergency procedures for the F-l4 aircrews. to assist in developing and evaluating theemergency procedures, the team utilized the F-14 simulation model in the Manned Flight Simulator (MFS) at NAWCAD,Patuxent River, Maryland. Flight fidelity was checked using qualitative comments from an F 14 fleet pilot who experienced therudder hardover failure in flight and subsequently safely recovered the airplane. A flight test effort was deemed prohibitive dueto safety concerns, cost, and the immediate need for NATOPS/PCL procedures required by the fleet squadrons. One challengein using the simulation was that the resident MFS F-14 aerodynamic model had some limitation that had to be understood whenperforming tests on these malfunctions. The resultant rudder hardover simulation malfunctions were recently inserted into theF-14 Operational Flight Trainers (OPT’s) and are currently being used to train fleet F-l4 pilots to handle this emergency situation.DTICFighter Aircraft; Rudders; Aircraft Safety

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20010102957 Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., Aeronautical Science, Daytona Beach, FL USAAviation System Safety and Pilot Risk Perception: Implications for Enhancing Decision-Making SkillsGreen, Mavis F., Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826;Volume 6, No. 1, pp. 98-111; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

This research explores risk perception in a defined population of flight instructors and the implications of these views forflight training. Flight instructors and students engaged in collegiate aviation flight training were interviewed for this qualitativestudy. Thirty-three percent of the instructors interviewed reported that flying is not a risky activity. This is important becauseresearch identifies risk perception as one factor influencing instructional choices. These choices can then impact the subsequentdecision-making processes of flight students. Facilitating pilot decision-making through the use of an appropriate type of learningthat incorporates the modeling of consensually validated cognitive procedures and risk management processes is discussed.AuthorDecision Making; Flight Safety; Flight Training; Risk

20010103206 SRiLankan Airlines, Katunayake, SRi LankaFuture of Colombo Airport (CMB) as an Airline HubJayalath, J. T. D., SRiLankan Airlines, SRi Lanka; Bandara, J. M. S. J., Moratuwa University, SRi Lanka; Journal of AirTransportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 2, pp. 117-128; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Aviation throughout the world has seen profound changes within the last two decades. Today more and more airports arelooking for hub operations. However, as the success of hub operation would depend on a number of parameters such as geographiclocation, route network, facilities available, passengers’ acceptance etc., not all airports would be able to operate as successfulhubs. This paper investigates the possibility for (he Bandaranayake international airport, Colombo, SRi Lanka (CMB) to emergeas a hub airport in the South Asian region. It is found that CMB is situated in a geographically advantageous position in the regionwith respect to the airline route network. Comparison of travel distances between CMB and prominent O-D pairs and evaluationof airline schedules at relevant established hub airports indicates that CMB could operate as a directional hub serving the SouthAsian market if the number of destinations with daily flights could be increased.AuthorAirline Operations; Site Selection; Market Research; SRi Lanka

20010103207 Philips Coll., Nicosia, CyprusThe Air Transportation Policy of Small States: Meeting the Challenges of GlobalizationAntoniou, Andreas, Philips Coll., Cyprus; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 2,pp. 65-92; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

The air transport policies of small states are currently at a crossroad. Policy makers in these countries are facing a difficultdilemma: either follow the general trend of liberalization and pay the high cost of the resulting restructuring or maintain theexisting regulatory and ownership structures at the risk of isolation thus undermining the viability and sustainability of their airtransport sector and their economies in general. This paper proposes to explore the broad issues raised by this difficult dilemma,to outline its special significance in the context of small states and to delineate the options opened to the economic policymakers;in these states. After a brief note on the method of research, we sketch the main elements of the international air transport industryin which the airlines of small states are called upon to act. We then propose to review the main features of the analytical frameworkof this debate as it pertains to the special circumstances of these states. Then we focus on the challenges facing the airlines of SmallStates, while the next section proposes a number of the alternative policy options open to the policy makers in these states. Themain conclusions are drawn in the final section.AuthorAir Transportation; Policies; International Cooperation

20010103211 University of Southern Illinois, Aviation Management, Carbondale, IL USAAir Charter - The Business Airline of the Future...But, Does the Business Traveler Know?Kaps, Robert W., University of Southern Illinois, USA; Gardner, Robin C., University of Southern Illinois, USA; Hartung, JeffreyW., Institute of Advanced Aviation Management Research, Inc., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 2, pp. 93-116; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Historically, FAR Part 121 commercial carriers have provided efficient, economical and safe air transportation for corporateand business users. Recently, however, corporate and business travelers find their travel plans disrupted by delays, bankruptcies,poor service, lost baggage, fare increases, labor strikes and other systemic difficulties that degrade their travel experience tounsatisfactory levels. This article examines these Part 121 service delivery problems and, utilizing a tripartite investigative

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methodology, examines an alternative air transport mode: FAR Part 135 on-demand charter travel products. This long extantsegment of our national air transportation system is set prime to support increased demand for charter services. Corporate andbusiness travelers are set prime to utilize viable, cost effective alternatives to commercial travel products. Two research questionsemerge. First is whether corporate and business travelers are aware of Part 135 travel alternatives. Second is whether Part 135charter service providers are aware of this latent demand and are effectively targeting this demand segment in their marketingefforts. The three-part surveys employed to investigate these questions examined demand sideAuthorAir Transportation; Airline Operations; USA; Industrial Management

20010103232 Purdue Univ., Dept. of Communication, West Lafayette, IN USAIntegrating Safety in the Aviation System: Interdepartmental Training for Pilots and Maintenance TechniciansMattson, Marifran, Purdue Univ., USA; Petrin, Donald A., Purdue Univ., USA; Young, John P., Purdue Univ., USA; Journal of AirTransportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 1, pp. 37-64; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

The study of human factors has had a decisive impact on the aviation industry. However, the entire aviation system often isnot considered in researching, training, and evaluating human factors issues especially with regard to safety. In both conceptualand practical terms, we argue for the proactive management of human error from both an individual and organizational systemsperspective. The results of a multidisciplinary research project incorporating survey data from professional pilots andmaintenance technicians and an exploratory study integrating students from relevant disciplines are reported. Survey findingssuggest that latent safety errors may occur during the maintenance discrepancy reporting process because pilots and maintenancetechnicians do not effectively interact with one another. The importance of interdepartmental or cross-disciplinary training fordecreasing these errors and increasing safety is discussed as a primary implication.AuthorHuman Factors Engineering; Pilot Training; Maintenance Training; Flight Safety; Aircraft Safety

20010103391 Nebraska Univ., Aviation Inst., Omaha, NE USAOptimizing Airspace System Capacity Through a Small Aircraft Transportation System: An Analysis of Economic andOperational ConsiderationsTarry, Scott E., Nebraska Univ., USA; Bowen, Brent D., Nebraska Univ., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 1, pp. 65-76; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

America’s air transport system is currently faced with two equally important dilemmas. First, congestion and delaysassociated with the overburdened hub and spoke system will continue to worsen unless dramatic changes are made in the wayair transportation services are provided. Second, many communities and various regions of the country have not benefited fromthe air transport system, which tends to focus its attention on major population centers. An emerging solution to both problemsis a Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS), which will utilize a new generation of advanced small aircraft to provide airtransport services to those citizens who are poorly served by the hub and spoke system and those citizens who are not served atall. Using new innovations in navigation, communication, and propulsion technologies, these aircraft will enable users to safelyand reliably access the over 5,000 general aviation landing facilities around the USA. A small aircraft transportation system holdsthe potential to revolutionize the way Americans travel and to greatly enhance the use of air transport as an economic developmenttool in rural and isolated communities across the nation.AuthorAir Transportation; Airspace; General Aviation Aircraft; USA; Air Traffic

20010103782 Naval Air Warfare Center, Air Vehicle and Crew Systems Technology Dept., Warminster, PA USAEjection Tower Evaluation of the Rate-Dependant Foam Cushions for the NACES Seat Final ReportMiller, Kenneth, Naval Air Warfare Center, USA; Morelli, Louis, Naval Air Warfare Center, USA; October 1993; 63p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393091; NAWCADWAR-93078-60; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Fifty two tests were conducted at the NAWC Warminster Ejection Tower Site. Seven cushion configurations were used inthe test program to measure their effect on ejection safety. It was clearly seen that the Confor foam cushion enables the manikinto be more effectively coupled to the seat than the current NACES cushion. Based on these test results, it was found that theNACES cushion foam could be replaced with the Confor Foam to improve seated comfort without degrading ejection safety. Thisreport describes the test articles, test procedures, data collection and data analysis used for the evaluation.DTICEjection Seats; Towers; Evaluation; Foams

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20010105466 Research Triangle Inst., Hampton, VA USAUse of a Data-Linked Weather Information Display and Effects on Pilot Navigation Decision Making in a PilotedSimulation Study Final ReportYuchnovicz, Daniel E., Research Triangle Inst., USA; Novacek, Paul F., Research Triangle Inst., USA; Burgess, Malcolm A., ResearchTriangle Inst., USA; Heck, Michael L., Research Triangle Inst., USA; Stokes, Alan F., Research Triangle Inst., USA; August 2001; 187p;In English; Original contains color illustrationsContract(s)/Grant(s): NCA1-130; RTOP 728-40-10-02Report No.(s): NASA/CR-2001-211047; NAS 1.26:211047; Rept-7286.010; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02,Microfiche

This study provides recommendations to the FAA and to prospective manufacturers based on an exploration of the effectsof data link weather displays upon pilot decision performance. An experiment was conducted with twenty-four current instrumentrated pilots who were divided into two equal groups and presented with a challenging but realistic flight scenario involvingweather containing significant embedded convective activity. All flights were flown in a full-mission simulation facility withininstrument meteorological conditions. The inflight weather display depicted NexRad images, graphical METARs and textualMETARs. The objective was to investigate the potential for misuse of a weather display, and incorporate recommendations forthe design and use of these displays. The primary conclusion of the study found that the inflight weather display did not improveweather avoidance decision making. Some of the reasons to support this finding include: the pilot’s inability to easily perceivetheir proximity to the storms, increased workload and difficulty in deciphering METAR textual data. The compelling nature ofa graphical weather display caused many pilots to reduce their reliance on corroborating weather information from other sources.Minor changes to the weather display could improve the ability of a pilot to make better decisions on hazard avoidance.AuthorData Links; Meteorological Radar; Weather; Pilot Performance; Decision Making

04AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIONS AND NAVIGATION

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20010101160 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USAGPS and the Joint Force Commander: Critical Asset, Critical Vulnerability Final ReportMcPherson, Michael R.; May 18, 2001; 26p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393518; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Joint Force Commanders (JFCs) have become over reliant on military and commercial satellite systems for intelligencegathering and dissemination, weather, command, control, communications, and navigation/guidance functions, to name a few.The Global Positioning System (GPS), in particular, is becoming the dominant source for navigation, precision, and timinginformation in weapon, vehicles, and command and control systems. With the large investment in GPS-dependent systems, thereis a tendency to overlook GPS shortcomings and vulnerabilities. We’ve reached the point where satellites have become a centerof gravity for both military planning and operations. Moreover, the U.S. has not yet weaponized space to protect its assets. TheJFC should not rely on GPS as the sole navigational, precision weapons guidance, and timing information in military weaponsystems and command and control systems. Over-reliance on GPS produces critical vulnerabilities in the operational conceptsof precision engagement, force protection, operational maneuver, and command and control. Although GPS is a critical strength,it can be exploited by an adversary. JFCs must understand not only the capabilities of GPS, but also the weaknesses andvulnerabilities of GPS before employing weapons, equipment, and systems that are GPS-dependent.DTICGlobal Positioning System; Vulnerability; Military Operations; Intelligence

20010103229 Electronic Systems Div., Hanscom AFB, MA USAC2 Enterprise IntegrationLatiff, Robert, Electronic Systems Div., USA; Sep. 24, 2001; 14p; In English; Navy Interoperability Workshop, 30-31 May 2001,USAReport No.(s): AD-A393696; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

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This viewgraph presentation provides information on proceedings at the Navy Interoperability Workshop, held on 30-31 May2001, and sponsored by the National Defense Industrial Association (NDIA).DTICInteroperability; Navy; Command and Control; Defense Program

20010105288 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAPiVoT GPS ReceiverWennersten, Miriam Dvorak, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Banes, Anthony Vince, Orbital Sciences Corp., USA;Boegner, Gregory J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Dougherty, Lamar, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA;Edwards, Bernard L., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Roman, Joseph, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA;[2001]; 7p; In English; ION GPS 2001, 2001, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center has built an open architecture, 24 channel space flight GPS receiver. The CompactPCIPiVoT GPS receiver card is based on the Mitel/GEC Plessey Builder-2 board. PiVoT uses two Plessey 2021 correlators to allowtracking of up to 24 separate GPS SV’s on unique channels. Its four front ends can support four independent antennas, makingit a useful card for hosting GPS attitude determination algorithms. It has been built using space quality, radiation tolerant parts.The PiVoT card will track a weaker signal than the original Builder 2 board. It also hosts an improved clock oscillator. The PiVoTsoftware is based on the original Plessey Builder 2 software ported to the Linux operating system. The software is POSIXcomplaint and can easily be converted to other POSIX operating systems. The software is open source to anyone with a licensingagreement with Plessey. Additional tasks can be added to the software to support GPS science experiments or attitudedetermination algorithms. The next generation PiVoT receiver will be a single radiation hardened CompactPCI card containingthe microprocessor and the GPS receiver optimized for use above the GPS constellation. PiVoT was flown successfully on aballoon in July, 2001, for its first non-simulated flight.AuthorGlobal Positioning System; Receivers; Microprocessors; Algorithms

05AIRCRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE

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20010100399 Manchester Univ., School of Engineering, UKAn Efficient All-Movable Fin Design for Military Aircraft Final ReportCooper, Jonathan E.; Aug. 06, 2001; 39p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-E047Report No.(s): AD-A393341; EOARD-SPC-00-4047; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report results from a contract tasking University of Manchester as follows: A generic all-movable vertical tail will bedesigned (at the conceptual design level) with conventional and with active flexible technologies. The weight, performance andobservable benefits of such designs will then be determined relative to the conventional design. The work will examine a rangeof different parameters including: Mach number both sub and supersonic speeds, attachment position, yaw stiffness. Theoptimization will be carried out using either the La Grange code, which is already available at the University of Manchester, orthe ASTROS (Automated Structural Optimization System) code. A Finite Element model for a generic fin is available which wasused in the DASA (Deutsche Aerospace AG) La Grange optimization code. This model was modified previously for theUSAF-ASTROS optimization code. Part of the outcome of this work will be defining the best approach to use suchmultidisciplinary design and optimization codes to achieve an optimal aeroelastic design.DTICAircraft Design; Fins; Multidisciplinary Design Optimization; Structural Design; Tail Assemblies; Finite Element Method

20010100403 Raytheon Electronic Systems, El Segundo, CA USAGunship Program Wireless Hardware and Heads-Up Wearables Trade Study Report Final Report, 25 Sep. 1998 - 25 Sep.

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2000Tomashefsky, Steve; Speckling, Doug; Summers, Pat; Sep. 2000; 33p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-97-D-1153; AF Proj. 2003Report No.(s): AD-A393349; AFRL-IF-WP-TR-2001-1517; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The purpose of this program was to greatly increase the accessibility and usability of technical documentation required byflight line members and air crews, in particular for the Air Force Special Operations commands’ AC-130 Gunships. The focusof the final report is a trade study, which examined robust portable maintenance aids (PMAs), as deemed necessary to equipmaintenance and air crew members for accessing and utilizing electronically formed technical information.DTICInformation Systems; Aircraft Maintenance; Technology Assessment; Attack Aircraft

20010100493 Army Research Lab., Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USAParameterized Design of a Supersonic Radome Final ReportHollis, Michael S., Army Research Lab., USA; April 2001; 37p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A389166; ARL-TR-2418; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

With the new requirements of the future combat systems (FCS), gun-launched projectiles will most likely be decreasing indiameter and increasing in muzzle velocity. In addition, these projectiles will be carrying entire electronic systems, specifically,global positioning system (GPS)/inertial guidance and terminal homing. These systems will sense during the flight and terminalenvironments of the projectile and will provide data links (probably two-way telemetry) for system diagnostics and dynamicre-targeting. Most of these sensing elements involve various antennae operating at a variety of frequencies ranging from GPS (1.5GHz) to millimeter wave seekers (94 GHz) to optical seekers (1 PHz). Because of packaging constraints, these systems are likelyto be placed forward on the projectile body. All these antennae require a protective ”window” for transmitting and/or receivingsignals. Based on the location of these systems, that window is usually described as the projectile radome. The radome mustwithstand the cannon launch and ballistic environment. The intense aero-heating of supersonic flight softens polymers, thusreducing the structural integrity. of course, it is obvious that the radome must perform well electronically across a possible wideband of radio frequencies. This report studies the use of several (polymer types) materials, which can be machined to create aradome of a desired shape. These polymers, which are either extruded or molded into stock shapes, were chosen based on thedielectric constant (relative to air, between 3 and 4) and thermal and structural properties. A generic radome geometry was selectedto perform the thermal and structural analyses. An older yawsonde geometry, which was flight tested, was also analyzed.DTICThermodynamic Properties; Weapon Systems; Structural Analysis; Polymers; Projectiles; Electronic Equipment; Permittivity;Thermal Analysis; Supersonic Flight; Radomes; Aerodynamic Heating

20010101174 Cincinnati Univ., OH USAThe Effects of JP-8 Jet Fuel on the Immune System of Tank Entry WorkersRhodes, Audry G.; Jan. 2001; 27p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393610; USAF-CI01-208; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Jet fuel is a common occupational exposure among commercial and military maintenance workers. JP-8 jet fuel, a militaryformulation, has been found to have immunotoxic effects in mice but little data exists for humans. The aim of this cross- sectionalstudy was to determine if the number of immune cells in the peripheral blood was altered among tank entry workers, a group whichhas been determined in previous studies to have the highest exposure to JP-8 in the U.S Air Force. A total of 123 volunteers (45tank entry workers) from three Air Force bases participated in the study. After adjusting for a number of covariates, tank entryworkers were found to have higher numbers of white blood cells (p=0.01), neutrophils (p=0.05), and monocytes (p=0.02) and nodifferences in the numbers of total lymphocytes, T-cells, T-helper cells, T- suppressor cells, Natural Killer cells, and B-cells whencompared with a low exposure group. Tank entry workers did not show any clinical effects of the increased immune cell counts.Although there were no differences in the number of lymphocytes among study groups, further investigations are needed toevaluate the functional ability of these cells to produce lymphokines and cytokines and modulate the immune system.DTICToxicity; Immunology; Jet Engine Fuels

20010103069 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USAModeling and Simulation Technology A New Vector for Flight-TestMiller, David E.; Jun. 1998; 99p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391778; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

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In June of 1995, senior Air Force leadership led by Secretary Widnall and General Ronald Fogelman, Chief of Staff met toestablish policy for the future of Air Force modeling and simulation (M&S). The result of this conference was a the publicationof A New Vector as a balanced strategy and a roadmap for Air Force M&S. The M&S roadmap in A New Vector is best comparedto something with which the Air Force is very familiar how to assess and invest in the capability of aircraft systems. Becauseaircraft systems assessment is the basic mission of flight-test, this thesis addresses the question: As design and engineering modelsincrease in scope and complexity from the physical component level to complex systems, what are the capabilities and limitationsof M&S for flight test?DTICFlight Tests; Systems Simulation; Armed Forces; Air Defense

20010103247 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USAUninhabited Combat Aerial Vehicles: Airpower by the People, for the People, But Not With the PeopleClark, Richard M.; Jun. 1999; 129p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391692; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This study examines the obstacles that uninhabited combat aerial vehicles (UCAV) will face in achieving significantoperational capability and discusses whether or not they can be overcome. The author starts out by tracing the evolution of UCAVsstarting before the first manned flight and ending in the late l97Os when the Air Force abandoned all efforts in UCAV development.The study also describes the obstacles that prevented UCAVs from becoming operational in the past. Next, the writer explainshow the UCAV reappeared in Air Force research and development efforts in the 199Os, and explains whether the same obstaclesof the past will be obstacles in the future. The study concludes with a description of the obstacles that UCAVs will likely face andrecommends solutions to help overcome them.DTICCombat; Pilotless Aircraft; Military Aircraft; Air Defense

20010103253 ELDEC Corp., Lynnwood, WA USAAdvanced Maintenance Free Aircraft Battery System (AMFABS) Final Report, 1 June 1991-1 Sep. 1998Green, Jeff; Sep. 1998; 93p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-91-C-2108; AF Proj. 3036Report No.(s): AD-A391717; AFRL-PR-WP-TR-2001-2071; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Vented nickel cadmium (NiCd) batteries are used in most main aircraft battery applications. to keep the batteries fully chargedand at their rated capacity, they require a topping charge or overcharge. This overcharge process results in conversion of waterinto gaseous oxygen and hydrogen. Over several charge and discharge cycles, these gasses escape from the cell vent caps, resultingin water usage and forcing a maintenance action to keep the battery in a healthy state. This maintenance, which requires specialfacilities and training, drives up the life cycle costs of vented battery systems. Over the past few years, there have been severalinitiatives to reduce the operating costs of aircraft batteries. In particular, the USA Air Force (USAF) is involved in thedevelopment of maintenance free battery systems. There are two general approaches to reduce the maintenance cost of batteries.One approach is to develop a disposable battery system, such that after some interval the battery is simply replaced. The otherapproach is to develop a battery system that will function properly without maintenance for an extended period. The subject ofthis report is a system that does not require any scheduled maintenance for the design life of the aircraft. This approach is currentlyused in spacecraft applications where battery maintenance is not practical.DTICNickel Cadmium Batteries; Aircraft Equipment

20010103256 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USAUnmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles: Evolution or Potential Revolution?Brown, David R.; Apr. 1998; 61p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391726; AU/SCHOOL/000-1998-04; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This paper will deal with developmental and operational concepts of arming unmanned aerial vehicles. More specifically,I wished to explore the concept of developing an unmanned combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) that will provide the capability togreatly expand the potential of air power as an instrument of national policy. I had believed that an academic and educateddiscussion of this topic was still relatively new territory for the USAF. As I began to study and research the issues involved, I foundthat in fact there is a tremendous amount of material already written about UAVs and associated theories on how to best developan armed capability. I also found that most of these writings were very similar in nature. Invariably the paper or article would spendthe majority of its content examining the historical development of UAVs. Then the remaining portion of the paper would be spent

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on either a very broad theoretical justification of the future need for UAVs or a very technical and intricate conclusion detailingspecific UAV systems. I have tried to break free from that mold as I wrote this paper. The purpose of this paper is to offer a guideto help develop a coherent Air Force policy on a UAV capability. It is not meant to simply advocate a specific airframe or airframedesign concept. It is meant to influence the reader on what I feel is the potential to dramatically affect the capabilities and natureof airpower.DTICPilotless Aircraft; Histories; Combat; Military Aircraft; Air Defense

20010103261 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USATargeting and Fire Control System Analysis of the New Turkish Attack Helicopter ”The AH-1Z King Cobra”Reyhan, Gokhan L.; Mar. 2001; 186p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391764; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

In May of 1997, the Turkish Military issued a Request for Proposal for the purchase of 145 attack helicopters. Turkey haschosen Bell Helicopter’s KingCobra as its attack helicopter. The major difference between the USMC version of AH-1Z and theTurkish version KingCobra is the Targeting and Fire Control System. Bell Helicopter Textron has chosen Lockheed Martin todevelop and build a new targeting system, the Target Sight System (TSS). The TSS will contain Lockheed Martin’s 3-5micrometers midwave staring array FLIR. On the other hand, the Turkish Secretariat for Defense Industries (SSM) has chosenAselsan ASELFLIR-300T that contains an 8-12 micrometers longwave scanning second-generation FLIR. A comparison of rangeperformance for these two systems has been made using the TAWS Field Performance Model. Since the physical parameters onthese specific FLIRs are proprietary, the FLIR92 Simulation Model is used to generate performance parameters. These parametersare expected to represent the general characteristics of the two systems. The resultant data is used in the TAWS Field PerformanceModel to predict the range performances. The results have showed that the staring array midwave FLIR has longer ranges in thescenarios given in this thesis. This may not represent the real performance of the systems.DTICAttack Aircraft; Military Helicopters; FLIR Detectors; Fire Control

20010103564 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAOrganizational Climate and Its Relationship With Aviation Maintenance SafetyHernandez, Alison E.; Jun. 2001; 99p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392098; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Naval Aviation is continually looking for ways to reduce its mishap rate. Recognizing a glowing concern for issues relatedto aging aircraft, focus has expanded to include maintenance operations. It is accepted that human error is a causal factor in at leasteighty percent of all mishaps, with maintainer, line, or facility-related factors accounting for one out of five major mishaps. Oneof several actions taken to reduce the mishap rate is the Maintenance Climate Assessment Survey (MCAS). Created to give NavalAviation unit commanding officers a sense of the maintenance climate of their unit, the MCAS reveals the maintainer’s perceptionof safety climate. Beginning in July 2000, the MCAS administration became available via the Internet. This thesis analyzes theresults of the first 2,180 responses recorded via the Internet version of MCAS. Findings include: a) administration of theInternet-based MCAS yields results similar to the paper-and-pencil version; b) differences were detected among the participatingunits and the Model of Organization Safety Effectiveness components; c) the relationship between MCAS score and Incident Rate,although slightly negative, is indistinguishable from random variation; and d) there was no evidence that demographics bias theresults. These findings could be accounted for by the fact that a unit’s safety climate typically improves after a mishap. Requiringall units to complete the survey annually would allow tracking over time to uncover trends. One area for further research isinvestigating the feasibility of adapting the MCAS to afloat and ashore units.DTICAircraft Maintenance; Aircraft Safety; Human Performance

20010103565 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAFinite Element Modeling of the RAH-66 Comanche Helicopter Tailcone Section Using Patran and DytranGorak, Mark S.; Libby, Jeffrey A.; Jun. 2001; 109p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392096; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The USA Army contracted Boeing-Sikorsky to develop the RAH-66 Comanche, a new, armed reconnaissance helicopter thatfeatures stealth technology designed to improve survivability when operating in hostile environments. Ballistic testing is requiredon any new technology, to include the Comanche, prior to fielding. Computer based simulations are being employed to reducethe requirements for expensive live fire testing. This thesis uses computer programs called PATRAN and DYTRAN from MSC

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Software Corporation to build the model and simulate the effects of an explosive round detonating in the Comanche tailconesection. This thesis describes in great detail the process of creating and modifying the model in PATRAN to most accurately depictthe Comanche tailcone section and creating the input decks for DYTRAN to run the analysis. A test case involving an explosionwith a high amount of explosive energy, or specific internal energy (SIE) was simulated. From this test, several results are shownto display the capabilities of DYTRAN. These results, when compared with live fire data, can be used to validate thecomputer-based simulation in order to reduce the requirements of expensive live fire testing.DTICFinite Element Method; Helicopters; Tail Assemblies; Mathematical Models; Computer Programs

20010103788 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAStatistical Analysis of Naval Aviation Depot Repair Cycle Time Reduction for the F/A-18 C/D AircraftGrunzke, Shawn D.; Jun. 2001; 107p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392071; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Reducing U.S. Navy inventory control problems associated with the F/A-18 C/D aircraft is critical to maintaining squadronreadiness while minimizing procurement and repair costs. The Navy’s Inventory Control Point has designed its Carcass Expressprogram to ensure that critically short depot level repairables are serviced more quickly. The program was initiated on the S-3Viking aircraft in 1999. Subsequently, the number of constrained carcasses was reduced by 40 percent, and the average depotrepair cycle time was reduced by 12 days. This thesis attempts to quantify the savings that can be realized by instituting the CarcassExpress program for the F/A-18 C/D. Data for F/A-18 C/D repairable items that were identified as having insufficient carcassesfor repair to meet current demand levels are analyzed. These repairable items have high dollar values and significant backordersseverely impacting squadron readiness. It is shown that the Carcass Express program would provide an additional accrual ofinventory over a four-year period for the items studied. The required funding needed to support the deficit between items availablefrom the depot repair cycle and forecast quarterly demands would decrease. The Carcass Express initiative would improve thepredictability of the Depot Repair Cycle by reducing repair cycle variability. This ultimately would lead to better inventorymanagement.DTICAircraft Maintenance; F-18 Aircraft; Statistical Analysis; Inventories

20010104066 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USAThe Air Refueling Receiver That Does Not ComplainStephenson, Jeffrey L.; Jun. 1998; 71p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391836; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This study focuses on the development of aerial refueling methods and procedures for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Theauthor begins this work by stating the need for UAVs, lists some assumptions, and then gives a brief background on UAVs. Theauthor then begins a thorough discussion of the three current Air Force UAV Systems (Predator, DarkStar, and Global Hawk)followed by some proposed methods and procedures for rendezvous and aerial refueling of these UAV platforms. The authorrounds out his discussion by comparing and analyzing both the current UAV systems and the methods of air refueling. Afterproposing the UAV system best suited for air refueling, the most effective type of rendezvous for this UAV system, and the bestmethod for controlling the UAV during the air refueling, the author concludes with a brief review of the implications for the AirForce and airpower enthusiasts.DTICAir to Air Refueling; Pilotless Aircraft

20010104662 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USAUnmanned Aerial Warfare: Strategic Help or HindranceWoodley, R. R.; Jun. 2000; 149p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391779; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This paper examines whether the US can maintain political and public support for limited military operations conducted byunmanned aerial assets. It finds that historically the American public is motivated to support operations because of passions,traditions and faith. Furthermore, politicians have typically made an effort to unite at the waters edge. These historical guidelinesserve as a basis for subsequent analysis. Next, a comparison is made between the manned air strike against Libya in 1986 and theunmanned air strikes against Iraq (1993), and Afghanistan/Sudan (1998). This comparison finds that unmanned assets offeredadvantages over manned systems. These advantages include the ability to quell concerns over friendly losses and potential POWs,the ability to keep the planning process secure until execution, minimizing negative prehostility press and exploiting the tendency

13

to rally behind the flag, especially since the action is introduced ex post facto. The author then examines a limited war scenariousing Operation ALLIED FORCE as a baseline for comparison to a notional war using unmanned assets. It is theorized unmannedassets will present difficulties when used in this type of scenario. They will allow political debate to continue well into the conflict,decreasing the applicability to support our troops in harm’s way. They also threaten public support by creating unrealisticexpectations. Political and public uneasiness will cause increased constraints to be placed on military operations. Finally,questions will arise as to the morality of executing a coercive air strategy based on risk aversion. The main conclusion is that theUS should still continue with the development of unmanned assets.DTICRemotely Piloted Vehicles; Aerial Reconnaissance; Electronic Warfare; Military Technology

20010104668 Wichita State Univ., National Inst. for Aviation Research, Wichita, KS USAHuman Factors Survey of Aviation Technical Manuals, Phase 1, Manual Development Procedures Interim Report, 1 Jul.2000 - 11 Jan. 2001Chaparro, Alex; Groff, Loren S.; Aug. 2001; 34p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): 00-C-WSU-00-12Report No.(s): AD-A393591; DOT/FAA/AR-01/43-Phase-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report contains the results from Phase I of a three phase research effort. Phase 1 examines aviation industry proceduresfor developing maintenance technical data. Phase 2 will document user problems with maintenance technical data. Phase 3 willidentify maintenance technical data development improvements by applying human factors principles. Five aircraftmanufacturers were surveyed regarding company policy, communication, data tracking, user feedback, and error reductionefforts. The five industry participants represent both regional and large commercial transport manufacturers. Phase 1 surveyresults revealed three significant maintenance technical data issues: inconsistent development process guidelines, reactive ratherthan proactive response to user feedback, and inadequate assessment of errors involving usability as opposed to accuracy. Phase1 results will later be compared to Phase 2 surveys of user problems with maintenance technical data to identify the impact ofdevelopment procedures on the users perception of manual quality.DTICAircraft Maintenance; Human Factors Engineering; Manuals

07AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER

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20010099683 Army Research Lab., Cleveland, OH USAA Hybrid Neural Network-Genetic Algorithm Technique for Aircraft Engine Performance DiagnosticsKobayashi, Takahisa; Simon, Donald L.; Jul. 2001; 16p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393234; E-12931; ARL/ADELPHI-TR-1266; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

In this paper, a model-based diagnostic method, which utilizes Neural Networks and Genetic Algorithms, is investigated.Neural networks are applied to estimate the engine internal health, and Genetic Algorithms are applied for sensor bias detectionand estimation. This hybrid approach takes advantage of the nonlinear estimation capability provided by neural networks whileimproving the robustness to measurement uncertainty through the application of Genetic Algorithms. The hybrid diagnostictechnique also has the ability to rank multiple potential solutions for a given set of anomalous sensor measurements in order toreduce false alarms and missed detections. The performance of the hybrid diagnostic technique is evaluated through some casestudies derived from a turbofan engine simulation. The results show this approach is promising for reliable diagnostics of aircraftengines.DTICNeural Nets; Aircraft Engines; Diagnosis; Genetic Algorithms

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09RESEARCH AND SUPPORT FACILITIES (AIR)

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20010102675 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USAA Historical Overview of Aeroelasticity Branch and Transonic Dynamics Tunnel Contributions to Rotorcraft Technologyand DevelopmentYeager, William T., Jr., Army Research Lab., USA; Kvaternik, Raymond G., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; August 2001;115p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 712-20-21-01Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2001-211054; ARL-TR-2564; L-17983; NAS 1.15:211054; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06,Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

A historical account of the contributions of the Aeroelasticity Branch (AB) and the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel(TDT) to rotorcraft technology and development since the tunnel’s inception in 1960 is presented. The paper begins with asummary of the major characteristics of the TDT and a description of the unique capability offered by the TDT for testingaeroelastic models by virtue of its heavy gas test medium. This is followed by some remarks on the role played by scale modelsin the design and development of rotorcraft vehicles and a review of the basic scaling relationships important for designing andbuilding dynamic aeroelastic models of rotorcraft vehicles for testing in the TDT. Chronological accounts of helicopter andtiltrotor research conducted in AB/TDT are then described in separate sections. Both experimental and analytical studies arereported and include a description of the various physical and mathematical models employed, the specific objectives of theinvestigations, and illustrative experimental and analytical results.AuthorHistories; Transonic Wind Tunnels; Rotary Wing Aircraft; Aeroelasticity; Wind Tunnel Models; Research Facilities; TestFacilities

20010103070 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USABuilding the Eagle’s Nest: Challenges in Basing the Air Expeditionary ForceSmith, Patrick J.; Jun. 1997; 62p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391839; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The Air Expeditionary Force (AEF) is the centerpiece of the Air Force’s strategic vision for the 21st century, called GlobalEngagement. While this vision calls for an improved expeditionary capability, the Air Force has found combat support at deployedlocations difficult to execute. This paper examines the best means of improving the AEF s responsiveness by addressing thequestion: Whether the basing of expeditionary forces should be a sequential or parallel process? The problems of basingexpeditionary air forces during a crisis illustrate how our doctrine relies upon a fundamental assumption that the Air Force sexperience largely contradicts. Current doctrine holds that the service should maintain a mobile combat support capability,organized along functional lines, to rapidly respond worldwide. Moreover, these support units should precede aircraft to a baseand prepare for follow-on forces by establishing living and working facilities to sustain operations. Although sending support unitsbefore operational ones may be the best way to employ, doctrine needs to prepare support forces for deployment to locations wherepeople and planes are already in place. For the Air Expeditionary Force to respond rapidly, the fundamental assumption aboutthe process of projecting air power should be that it occurs concurrently, not sequentially. The implications of changing thisassumption are that the service should develop cross-functional units, that all personnel have more training in beddown skills, anda portion of Air Force fighters have a vertical take-off and landing capability.DTICCombat; Military Aircraft; Air Defense; Support Systems

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12ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)

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20010102927 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USAInformation Weaponization of Space Final ReportShumate, James R.; May 18, 2001; 19p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393531; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

While not a part of the operational factor trinity, information increasingly and profoundly affects the factors of space, time,and force, both individually and in combination. Space has become perhaps the key enabler for operational information for boththe USA and its potential enemies. While defense of our capabilities in space is a well-understood and accepted course of action,the offensive use of space is still hotly debated as a part of U.S. space policy. This paper discusses offensive counterspaceoperations and specifically how information weaponization of space will allow the operational planner to obtain informationsuperiority in the battlespace. Information weaponization can accomplish the task, and consequently it provides a capability toattack and degrade or deny an enemy’s picture of the battlespace.DTICSpace Law; Images; Aerospace Sciences

20010103260 Air Univ., Maxwell AFB, AL USASecuring the Heavens: A Perspective on Space ControlWilson, Ed; Jun. 1999; 118p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A391761; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This study analyzes various ways in which the USA might best gain and maintain control of outer space. Ultimately, a strategicframework is proposed that offers improved awareness regarding the constraints, strengths, weaknesses, synergies andimplications of candidate space control strategies. It accomplishes this by reviewing the milestone events associated with the lastforty-plus years of space control history, assessing current trends and their inherent dilemmas, as well as cataloging the variousmeans or methods of achieving space control. With these insights, a strategic framework is described that allows the strategistto better develop space control strategies at any level strategic, operational or tactical. The topic is timely given the nation’smandate to the US military to guarantee the ability to gain and maintain control of space in order to better shape the strategicenvironment and respond to any form of conflict. This mandate is especially challenging since the task holding the ”high ground”of space must be accomplished without the benefit of weapons operating in the contested medium space. Clearly, this is counterto the traditional manner by which militaries typically prepare, deploy and employ force to achieve superiority in a given mediumof war. Given this dichotomy the recognized importance of space in the current strategic environment with the limitations of anon-weaponized medium the study is clearly relevant to the ongoing space control debate.DTICMilitary Operations; Weapon Systems; Space Missions; Manned Spacecraft; Air Defense

20010103856 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USADid We Really Land on the Moon? Suggestions for Science TeachersLowman, Paul D., Jr., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 12p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03,Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

On Feb. 15, 2001, the FOX network broadcast a one hour TV program claiming that the Apollo lunar landings had all beenstaged in a studio set in Nevada, and that astronauts had never landed on the Moon. This claim can be refuted on many points,focused on the supposed photographic evidence indicating studio lighting or other aspects of the Apollo missions. The TVprogram ignored the returned lunar samples. Science teachers have been swamped with questions about the program, and thispaper has been written to suggest how they can use it to stimulate interest in lunar geology. The article shows how the NASA LunarDisk kits, available on loan to schools, can be studied by students. These samples are visibly different from terrestrial soils androcks in several ways. There is no quartz in the lunar soil; there are no true reds and browns resulting from ferric oxides; and the

16

textures of the soil (agglutinates and glass beads) can only be formed on an airless planet. The article has several pictures of thelunar surface and the Apollo samples, and a short bibliography for background reading.AuthorInstructors; Lunar Landing; Schools; Students; Broadcasting; Apollo Project; Lunar Exploration

13ASTRODYNAMICS

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20010099429 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAIntegration of Libration Point Orbit Dynamics into a Universal 3-D Autonomous Formation Flying AlgorithmFolta, David, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 5p; In English; AIAA Flight Dynamics Specialist Conference, 30Jul. - 2 Aug. 2001, Unknown; Sponsored by American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01,Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The autonomous formation flying control algorithm developed by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) for the NewMillennium Program (NMP) Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) mission is investigated for applicability to libration point orbitformations. In the EO-1 formation-flying algorithm, control is accomplished via linearization about a reference transfer orbit witha state transition matrix (STM) computed from state inputs. The effect of libration point orbit dynamics on this algorithmarchitecture is explored via computation of STMs using the flight proven code, a monodromy matrix developed from a N-bodymodel of a libration orbit, and a standard STM developed from the gravitational and coriolis effects as measured at the librationpoint. A comparison of formation flying Delta-Vs calculated from these methods is made to a standard linear quadratic regulator(LQR) method. The universal 3-D approach is optimal in the sense that it can be accommodated as an open-loop or closed-loopcontrol using only state information.AuthorAutomatic Control; Autonomy; Feedback Control; Gravitational Effects; Algorithms; Earth Observing System (EOS)

20010103212 Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA USAAircraft Operations Classification SystemHarlow, Charles, Louisiana State Univ., USA; Zhu, Weihong, Louisiana State Univ., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide;2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 2, pp. 47-64; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Accurate data is important in the aviation planning process. In this project we consider systems for measuring aircraft activityat airports. This would include determining the type of aircraft such as jet, helicopter, single engine, and multiengine propeller.Some of the issues involved in deploying technologies for monitoring aircraft operations are cost, reliability, and accuracy. Inaddition, the system must be field portable and acceptable at airports. A comparison of technologies was conducted and it wasdecided that an aircraft monitoring system should be based upon acoustic technology. A multimedia relational database wasestablished for the study. The information contained in the database consists of airport information, runway information, acousticrecords, photographic records, a description of the event (takeoff, landing), aircraft type, and environmental information. Weextracted features from the time signal and the frequency content of the signal. A multi-layer feed-forward neural network waschosen as the classifier. Training and testing results were obtained. We were able to obtain classification results of over 90 percentfor training and testing for takeoff events.AuthorFlight Operations; Relational Data Bases; Classifications; Classifiers; Acoustic Measurement

14GROUND SUPPORT SYSTEMS AND FACILITIES (SPACE)

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20010103562 Range Commanders Council, Range Safety Group, White Sands Missile Range, NM USAGlobal Positioning and Inertial Measurements Range Safety Tracking Systems’ Commonality Standard

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Jun. 2001; 191p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A392112; RCC/RSG-324-01; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This document has been prepared in an effort to establish a set of common performance and verification requirements forairborne Range Tracking Systems (RTS) including inertial Measurements Units (IMU) and Global Positioning Systems, (GPS).These performance and verification requirements assist Range Safety personnel, RTS vendors/manufacturers, and vehicleintegrators in identifying specific RTS Range Safety requirements. This document may be applied to wide variety of vehicles,from spacelift to air-to-air missiles, to Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs). Proper tailoring of this document may also allow programsto be tested at multiple Ranges. For purposes of this document, an RTS includes all systems, subsystems, and componentsnecessary to provide adequate vehicle state-vectors and other data required for Range Safety decision-making.DTICGlobal Positioning System; Range Safety; Tracking (Position); Positioning; Inertial Platforms

18SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE

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20010103567 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAAngular Rate Estimation for Multi-Body Spacecraft Attitude ControlPalermo, William J.; Jun. 2001; 131p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392077; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Spacecraft with high performance attitude control systems requirements have traditionally relied on imperfect mechanicalgyroscopes for primary attitude determination. Gyro bias errors are corrected with a Kalman filter algorithm that uses updatesfrom precise attitude sensors like star trackers. Gyroscopes, however, have a tendency to degrade or fail on orbit, becoming a lifelimiting factor for many satellites. When errors become erratic, pointing accuracy may be lost during short star gaps.Unpredictable gyro degradations have impacted NASA spacecraft missions such as Skylab and Hubble Space Telescope as wellas several DoD and ESA satellites. An alternative source of angular rate information is a software implemented real time dynamicmodel. Inputs to the model from internal sensors and known spacecraft parameters enable the tracking of total system angularmomentum from which body rates can be determined. With this technique, the Kalman filter algorithm provides error correctionsto the dynamic model. The accuracy of internal sensors and input parameters determine the effectiveness of this angular rateestimation technique. This thesis presents the background for understanding and implementation of this technique into arepresentative attitude determination system. The system is incorporated into an attitude simulation model developed inSIMULINK to evaluate the effects of dynamic modeling errors and sensor inaccuracies. Results are presented that indicate thatreal time dynamic modeling is an effective method of angular rate determination for maneuvering multi-body spacecraft attitudecontrol systems.DTICSatellite Attitude Control; Gyroscopes; Real Time Operation; Angular Momentum; Kalman Filters; Spacecraft Control; AngularVelocity; Spacecraft Tracking

20SPACECRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER

Includes main propulsion systems and components, e.g., rocket engines; and spacecraft auxiliary power sources. For relatedinformation, see also 07 Aircraft Propulsion and Power; 28 Propellants and Fuels; 15 Launch Vehicles and Launch Operations; and 44Energy Production and Conversion.

20010099212 Nauchno-Proizvodstvennoe Obedinenie Energija, Kaliningrad, USSRDevelopment of the Small SPT Demo Model Final ReportArkhipov, Boris; Mar. 16, 2001; 16p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393017; EOARD-ISTC-99-7004; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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This report results from a contract tasking EDB Fakel. as follows: Technical proposal/description of work to achieve theobjective of work according to the project it is necessary to solve the following tasks: -To develop, manufacture and test thelaboratory model of small SPT with thrust efficiency is greater than 0.2 under specific impulses (800-1000s) and powerconsumption 100 W. Emphasis will be placed upon maximizing thrust at 100W instead of specific impulse.DTICSpecific Impulse; Plasma Engines; Thrust

20010099218 Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt, Stuttgart, GermanyUS German Lightcraft Impulse Measurements Final ReportBonn, Willy; Jul. 16, 2001; 40p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-E033Report No.(s): AD-A393154; SPC-00-4033; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)

This report results from a contract tasking German Aerospace Center as follows: the contractor will conduct the research in3 phases. In the first phase, the contractor will write a test report for all of the experiments planned at his facility. In the secondphase, he will measure the impulse coupling coefficient of a US supplied lightcraft on the DLR test stand for various laser pulseenergies and will write a report discussing the results. In the last phase, the contractor will measure the impulse coupling coefficientof German lightcraft with US supplied Pendulum stand and with the German laser. A comparison and interpretation of the resultswith respect to the method of measurement and performance predictions of scaled lightcraft versions will be conducted andincluded in the final report.DTICThrustors; Spacecraft Propulsion; Spacecraft Components; Pulsed Lasers; Impulses; Rocket Engines; Coupling Coefficients

20010102648 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAMEMS-Based Satellite Micropropulsion Via Catalyzed Hydrogen Peroxide DecompositionHitt, Darren L., Vermont Univ., USA; Zakrzwski, Charles M., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Thomas, Michael A.,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 41p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) techniques offer great potential in satisfying the mission requirements for thenext generation of ”micro-scale” satellites being designed by NASA and Department of Defense agencies. More commonlyreferred to as ”nanosats”, these miniature satellites feature masses in the range of 10-100 kg and therefore have unique propulsionrequirements. The propulsion systems must be capable of providing extremely low levels of thrust and impulse while alsosatisfying stringent demands on size, mass, power consumption and cost. We begin with an overview of micropropulsionrequirements and some current MEMS-based strategies being developed to meet these needs. The remainder of the article focusesthe progress being made at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center towards the development of a prototype monopropellant MEMSthruster which uses the catalyzed chemical decomposition of high concentration hydrogen peroxide as a propulsion mechanism.The products of decomposition are delivered to a micro-scale converging/diverging supersonic nozzle which produces the thrustvector; the targeted thrust level approximately 500 N with a specific impulse of 140-180 seconds. Macro-scale hydrogen peroxidethrusters have been used for satellite propulsion for decades; however, the implementation of traditional thruster designs on aMEMS scale has uncovered new challenges in fabrication, materials compatibility, and combustion and hydrodynamic modeling.A summary of the achievements of the project to date is given, as is a discussion of remaining challenges and future prospects.AuthorMicroelectromechanical Systems; Miniaturization; Artificial Satellites; Propulsion System Configurations; SpacecraftPropulsion; Monopropellants; Decomposition; Catalysis; Hydrogen Peroxide; Microthrust; Supersonic Nozzles

23CHEMISTRY AND MATERIALS (GENERAL)

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20010099687 Ohio State Univ., Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Columbus, OH USACorrosion and Coatings Research Facility (A Request for Instrumentation) Final Report, 1 Mar. - 1 Nov. 2000Buchheit, R. G.; Frankel, G. S.; McCreery, R. L.; Jun. 2001; 6p; In English

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Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-1-0274Report No.(s): AD-A391905; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0391; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This document reports on the final disposition of a $220,000 project supported by AFOSR for instrumentation to constructan interfacial chemistry and electrochemistry facility residing in the Department of Chemistry and the Department of MaterialsScience and Engineering at Ohio State University under project no. F49620-00-1-0274. This grant was awarded in March, 2000.A matching amount equal to $220,000 was made by the Ohio Board of Regents, the Colleges of engineering, and Math andPhysical Sciences, as well as the Departments of Materials Science and Engineering and Chemistry to bring the total award to$440,000. Funds were fully expended by November, 2000 on the following instrumentation: Phase identification and imagingsystem, Process Raman spectrometer, High performance potentiostat, Nd:YAG CW laser, Scanning probe microscope station,Precision surface preparation tool, Slow strain rate test system, Rotating ring disk electrode electrochemical detection system.All of this equipment is now in place and operational and is being used in support of several AFOSR-sponsored research programs.DTICCorrosion; Coatings; Laser Applications

20010099943 Maryland Univ., Center for Environmental and Estuarine Studies, Cambridge, MD USAResults of Simbios Project Round Robin: Part 1, Results of Laboratory-Prepared Standards and Samples Final Report,Dec. 1999-Aug. 2001Heukelem, Laurie Van; Thomas, Crystal S.; Glibert, Patricia M.; Aug. 2001; 125p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N000014-00-1-0151Report No.(s): AD-A393766; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Several laboratories, including but not limited to SIMBIOS and HyCODE investigators, participated in an inter-calibrationfor HPLC and fluorometer conducted by Horn Point Laboratory of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science.The goal of this exercise was to investigate causes of discrepancy between HPLC and fluorometer chlorophyll a values. Thisexercise was conducted in two phases: analysis of laboratory-prepared standards and samples (presented in Pant I) and analysisof field-collected natural samples (presented in Part II). It was found that when methods and instrumentation were not limiting,good reproducibility among laboratories was attained. HPLC values were typically 7-10% lower than fluorometer values. Whenall analyses were performed at one laboratory with one extraction procedure, results agreed within 19%. When laboratories,extraction procedures and analytical methods varied, results agreed within 60%. Factors that affected discrepancy included:varying extraction procedures between HPLC and fluorometer, inaccurately determining extraction volume, inconsistent HPLCchlorophyll a reporting practices and inaccurate analytical methods.DTICFluorescence; Liquid Chromatography; Chlorophylls; Intercalibration

20010101091 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Building and Fire Research Lab., Gaithersburg, MD USAEffect of Bulk Lubricant Concentration on the Excess Surface Density During R123 Pool BoilingKedzierski, M. A.; Jul. 20, 2001; 50p; In English; Original contains color illustrationsReport No.(s): PB2001-106310; NISTIR-6754; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This paper investigates the effect that bulk lubricant concentration has on the non-adiabatic lubricant excess surface densityon a roughened, horizontal flat pool-boiling surface. Both pool boiling heat transfer data and lubricant excess surface density dataare given for pure R123 and three different mixtures of R123 and a naphthenic mineral oil. A spectrofluorometer was used tomeasure the lubricant excess density that was established by the boiling of a R123/lubricant mixture on a test surface. Thefluorescent technique was used to measure the effect of bulk lubricant concentration on the lubricant excess layer duringrefrigerant/lubricant mixture boiling. The lubricant is preferentially drawn out the bulk refrigerant/lubricant mixture by theboiling process and accumulates on the surface in excess of the bulk concentration. The excess lubricant resides in a very thin layeron the surface and influences the boiling performance.NTISLubricants; Flat Surfaces; Heat Transfer; Fluorescence

20010101179 Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, Benet Labs., Watervliet, NY USAHigh-Rate Sputter-Deposited Tantalum Coatings on a Steel Liner for Wear and Erosion Mitigation Final ReportLee, S. L.; Cox, J.; Windover, D.; Audino, M.; Matson, D. W.; Aug. 2001; 29p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393621; ARCCB-TR-01017; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A prototype, rifled steel liner of 20-min inside diameter was coated with -50 to 125 micrometer tantalum at -22.6micrometer/hour in krypton gas using a triode-sputter system. It was test fired with l5OO rounds for the mitigation of

20

high-temperature and pressure wear and erosion. Growth surface analysis showed predominately alpha-phase and minimalbeta-phase surface tantalum. Area detector images showed near random, slight preferred (211) crystalline orientation. X-raydiffraction revealed a thin layer of surface zinc oxide and copper firing debris on the coating surface. Compressive surface residualstress peaked near the center of the tube. Photomicrograph metallurgical examination showed general good adhesion in majorparts of the bulk coatings, along with a thin layer of beta-phase nucleation, and alpha-phase or mixed alpha- and beta-phase graingrowth. There was excellent behavior in soft and ductile a-tantalum areas, but cracking and disbonding occurred in beta-tantalumareas. Coating liftoff and coating loss occurred most frequently in land/groove transition and land areas, less in groove areas. Nearthe breech end where no coating was sputtered, the steel substrate suffered extensive cracking and environmentally-assisted heatdamages.DTICSteels; Erosion; Tantalum; Sputtering

20010102909 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USASynthesis and structure of bivalent ytterbocenes and their coordination chemistry with pi-acceptor ligandsSchultz, M.; May 10, 2000; 229p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764392; LBNL-45780; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The bivalent lanthanide metallocenes (1,3-(Me3(sub)C)2 (sub)C5(sub)H3(sub))2(sub)Yb and(Me4(sub)C5(sub)H)2(sub)Yb have been synthesized and their structures have been determined by X-ray crystallography.NTISCrystallography; Ligands; Synthesis (Chemistry); Ytterbium Compounds

20010105087 Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN USAReactions of Metal Ions and Their Clusters in the GaN Phase Using Laser Ionization-Fourier Transform MassSpectrometryFreiser, B. S.; Mar. 31, 1999; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-760848; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

The Freiser group pioneered the study of metal/organic and organometallic ion chemistry in the gas phase. As they frequentlypointed out, the importance of this work was not restricted to mass spectrometry, but lay in the insights it provides into chemistryin other environments. A lasting monument to that work is the body of knowledge that now exists on the activation of C-H andC-C bonds by metal ions.NTISOrganometallic Compounds; Metal Ions; Mass Spectroscopy; Ionic Reactions; Ionization

20010105260 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAPartitioning of Acetate, Formate and Phosphates Around the Water/Steam CycleGuszkiewicz, M. S.; Joyce, D. B.; Marshall, S. L.; Palmer, D. A.; Simonson, J. M.; Jun. 27, 2000; 25p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771415; P00-107492; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Volatilities of formic acid, acetic acid, sodium acetate, phosphoric acid, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and sodiummonohydrogen phosphate have been measured at temperatures up to 350 C using a corrosion-resistant static cell with samplingof both phases. Thermodynamic liquid-vapor partitioning constants were evaluated as functions of temperature and water densityusing available information on the activity coefficients and association behavior. The results show that at very low concentrationsthe salts are much less volatile than the acids, but as the sodium concentration and pH increase, their contributions may besignificant. The software used to predict compositions around the steam cycle was revised and extended to 19 species in the liquidphase and 19 species in the vapor phase. Example calculations using the cycle chemistry program will be discussed. For boilersoperated at 350 C, the mechanical carry-over is likely to be the main source of phosphates in the steam. The concentrations ofphosphoric acid and sodium phosphates in the liquid phase, which are relevant to the ’phosphate hide-out’ phenomenon, can becalculated as a function of pH.NTISVapor Phases; Phosphates; Formates; Liquid Phases

20010105264 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAPhase Behavior of Blends of Linear and Branched Polyethylenes via Small- and Ultra-Small Angle Neutron ScatteringAgamalian, M. M.; Alamo, R. G.; Londono, J. D.; Mandelkern, L.; Stehling, F. C.; May 17, 1999; 2p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771408; P00-106708; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

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It is well established that small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) can be used to determine the melt compatibility of mixturesof linear and branched polyolefins, including high density (HD), low density (LD) and linear low density (LLD) polyethylenes.HDPE is the most crystalline form of polyethylene (PE) because the chains contain ver little branching. LDPE contains some shortchain branches (1-3 per 100 backbone carbon atoms), as well as long chain branches (0.1-0.3 per 100 backbone carbon atoms).Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) is produced by co-polymerizing ethylene with an alpha-olefin such as hexene and canhave a wide range of branch contents, depending on the catalyst and concentration of added comonomer.NTISNeutrons; Compatibility; Neutron Scattering; Polyethylenes

24COMPOSITE MATERIALS

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20010099939 Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL USAEffect Processing on the Evolution of Interfaces Metal Matrix Composites Final Report, 1 Jun 1996-31 May 1998Chandra, Namas; May 2000; 167p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-96-1-0256Report No.(s): AD-A393690; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0460; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The issues in this research focused on the understanding the chemical evolution (diffusional) process at the interface,developing a mechanistic model or an interface based on stress or energy failure criterion, and studying the effect of interfaceproperties on the performance of the composites. The approach involved both experimental and computational components, a linkbetween the evolution of chemistry and geometry of the reaction zone and the interfacial properties. Microstructural studies revealthat reaction growth is due to transformation of both coating and the matrix. Push-out tests conducted on heat treated specimensreveal that the effect of thermal exposure on interfacial properties is predominantly due to exposure temperature. Time of exposureis found to have only a secondary effect. The push out data was used indirectly to evaluate both strength and toughness propertiesof the interfaces. The local shear strength of Ti-6A14V/SCS-6 interfaces was found to be of the order og 450 Mpa, in comparisonwith much lower (120 Mpa) average shear strength reported elsewhere. Also a fracture toughness of 50 Mpa m 1/2 was foundin this research . Also the fracture toughness values remain more or less constant for normal use temperatures in the range of 450to 700 deg C.DTICMicrostructure; Composite Materials; Metal Matrix Composites; Evolution; Diffusion

20010100249 Materials Research Society, Warrendale, PA USAMaterials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Volume 653. Multiscale Modeling of Materials - 2000. SymposiumHeld in Boston, Massachusetts on November 27-December 1, 2000Kubin, Ladislas P.; Selinger, Robin L.; Bassani, John L.; Kyeongjae, Cho; Dec. 01, 2000; 259p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-01-1-0005Report No.(s): AD-A392308; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A12, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

Multiscale simulation and modeling of materials phenomena have received much attention in many engineering and scientificdisciplines including mechanics physics and materials sciences, with far reaching applications to electronic materials, polymersand biochemical systems. With rapid advances in computing power and multiscale simulation techniques, the hope of modelingmaterial behavior beginning with atomistic simulation and reaching macroscopic phenomena is becoming a realistic goal. Thisvolume contains papers presented at Symposium Z, ”Multiscale Materials Modeling,” at the 2000 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston,Massachusetts. This symposium brought scientists from various disciplines together to discuss the state-of-the-art methodologiesfor linking different length and time scales, and for understanding and predicting the behavior of complex materials systems. Thesymposium was organized around several major themes representing current challenges in multiscale simulation and modeling:length-scale and time-scale problems, applications to microstructure evolution, plastic deformation and fracture, multiscalemodeling schemes, length scales and size effects. We hope that this volume will serve as a useful tool for the reader interestedin these recent achievements.DTICConferences; Computerized Simulation; Composite Materials; Mathematical Models; Complex Systems

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20010100494 Auburn Univ., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, AL USACrack Tip Field Mapping and Failure Characterization of Functionally Graded Composites Final Report, 1 Mar. 1997-28Feb. 2001Tippur, Hareesh V., Auburn Univ., USA; April 2001; 33p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-97-0110Report No.(s): AD-A389160; ARO-34908.9-EG; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Crack tip deformations and fracture parameters in functionally graded glass-filled epoxy beams are experimentally evaluatedunder static and dynamic loading conditions. Beams with unidirectional, monotonic elastic gradients and cracks along the gradientare examined. SEN samples with increasing or decreasing Young’s modulus ahead of the crack tip are studied in symmetricfour-point bending and one-point impact loading configurations. Optical method of Coherent Gradient Sensing (CGS) is used tomeasure crack tip deformations prior to crack initiation. For impact loading experiments, CGS is used in conjunction withhigh-speed photography for recording instantaneous deformation fields. Stress intensity factors (SIF) or SIF-histories infunctionally graded materials (FGM) based on locally homogeneous material descriptions in the immediate crack tip vicinity areevaluated and compared with companion finite element simulations. The influence of elastic gradients in FGM samples withcracks on the compliant and stiff sides of the beam are quantified relative to their homogeneous counterparts and with each other.Under static loading conditions, the crack tip located on the compliant side of the beam is elastically shielded when comparedto the situation when the crack is on the stiffer side of the same FGM beam. Under dynamic conditions, however, elastic gradientsaffect crack initiation differently. Crack initiation in an FGM with a crack on the stiff side of the beam and impact occurring onthe compliant edge is delayed when compared to the opposite configuration. Independent finite element simulations of FGMs withidealized elastic gradients with identical crack tip elastic properties suggest that lower crack tip loading rate in the former isresponsible for the differences.DTICCrack Tips; Fracturing; Epoxy Matrix Composites; Static Loads; Plastic Deformation; Pressure Gradients; Beams (Supports);Elastic Properties; Dynamic Loads

20010102755 Georgia Inst. of Tech., School of Aerospace Engineering, Atlanta, GA USAA Synergistic Damage Mechanics Approach to Durability of Composite Structures Final Report, 1 Jun 1997-31 May 2001Talreja, Ramesh, Georgia Inst. of Tech., USA; Jul. 30, 2001; 24p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-97-1-0313Report No.(s): AD-A393763; ARO-36349.1-EG; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This final progress report summarizes the accomplishments of the three tasks conducted during the contract period. Task Idealt with mechanisms of damage under static and fatigue loading of composite laminates and laid the physical basis for themodeling efforts that followed in Task 2 and Task 3. Task 2 focused on the formulation of stiffness-damage relationships andprovided a procedure for assessment of material coefficients experimentally as well as by computational simulation. Finally, Task3 treated evolution of damage. A model was developed that predicted the increase of transverse crack density with cycles of aconstant amplitude. The overall outcome of the project was a methodology for durability assessment of composite materials, inaccordance with the goals and objectives set in the proposal.DTICComposite Structures; Durability; Laminates; Damage; Fatigue (Materials)

20010102915 Raytheon Information Technology and Scientific Services, Edwards AFB, CA USAMaterials for High Temperature Applications Final Report, 1 Nov. 1993 - 4 Dec. 1997Upsadhya, Kameleshwar; Jun. 2001; 8p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F04611-93-C-0005; AF Proj. 3058Report No.(s): AD-A393645; AFRL-PR-ED-TR-2001-0022; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Investigation of the processing of a variety of high temperature materials was accomplished. Nanocrystalline silicon nitridepowders were synthesized and hot isostatic pressed to produce material at 97% theoretical density after sintering.DTICRefractory Materials; Carbon-Carbon Composites; Sintering; Hot Isostatic Pressing; Nanocrystals

20010105254 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USADamage Behavior of Aligned and Random Fiber Reinforced Composites for Automotive ApplicationsLee, H. K.; Simunovic, S.; Sep. 27, 1999; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771581; P99-105402; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

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Damage constitutive models based on micromechanical formulation and combination of microchemical andmacromechanical effects are presented to predict progressive damage in aligned and random fiber reinforced composites. Toestimate the overall elastoplastic damage responses, an effective yield criterion is derived based on the ensemble-volumeaveraging process and the first-order effects of eigen strains due to the existence of discontinuous fibers. Progressive interfacialfiber debonding models are subsequently considered in accordance with a statistical function to describe the varying probabilityof fiber debonding. First, an effective elastoplastic constitutive damage model for aligned fiber reinforced composites is proposed.A micromechanical damage constitutive model for two- and three-dimensional random fiber reinforced composites is thendeveloped. Finally, the complete progressive damage constitutive model is implemented into finite element code DYNA3D tosimulate the dynamic inelastic behavior and the progressive damage of the composite structures. This allows prediction of themechanical response of large composite structures and eliminate the need for expensive large-scale experiments. Thecomputational capability also plays a significant role in the optimizing the design of complex mechanical systems composed ofcomposite materials.NTISFiber Composites; Micromechanics; Mathematical Models; Finite Element Method; Damage; Composite Structures;Automobiles; Fiber Orientation

25INORGANIC, ORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

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20010099500 California Univ., San Diego, La Jolla, CA USASpatiotemporal Dynamics in Heterogeneous Catalysis Final Report, 1 Ju 1997-31 May 2001Surko, Clifford M.; Jul. 03, 2001; 7p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-97-1-0771Report No.(s): AD-A392384; UCSD-FIN-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This project studied the heterogeneous catalytic reaction of carbon monoxide and oxygen on the surface of thin platinummetal films to form carbon dioxide. Infrared imaging was used to study both the spatial and temporal behavior of the reaction.The mechanisms of spatial coupling in this system were studied as well as their effect on the resulting pattern formation. Acomplementary study was conducted to examine the effect of local perturbations in initiating catalytic behavior. An importantconclusion of the work is that, while none of the currently proposed models completely describes the oscillatory catalytic behaviorobserved in this system, the oxidation-reduction model agrees best with the experimental results.DTICCarbon Monoxide; Catalysis; Metal Films; Thin Films; Chemical Reactions; Platinum; Oxygen; Infrared Imagery

20010099685 Kyushu Univ., Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka, JapanPI Parameter Tuning by Specifying Disturbance Response in Chemical Process ControlNunokawa, Satoru, Kyushu Univ., Japan; Matsuyama, Hisayoshi, Kyushu Univ., Japan; Technology Reports of KyushuUniversity; July 2001; ISSN 0023-2718; Volume 74, No. 4, pp. 291-298; In Japanese; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

This paper presents a method of PI (Proportional-Integral) control parameter tuning based on the estimated maximum stepdisturbance and the allowable peak value of the controlled variable. Its effectiveness and limitations are demonstrated by thesimulation studies. This method is very useful to time control parameters for chemical processes where limitations on lossprevention and on quality control are given as peak values of controlled variables.AuthorParameter Identification; Proportional Control; Computerized Simulation

20010100117 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAModeling of Shipboard Smoke Propagation with a Forced Counter-Flow Air SupplyFarman, Garrett J.; Jun. 2001; 110p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393671; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The propagation of fire-generated smoke with a counter-flow air supply in, a horizontal arrangement of shipboardcompartments and passageways was modeled using a computational fluid dynamics program generated by Computational Fluid

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Dynamics Research Corporation. This study was based on a large-scale live fire experiment performed by Naval ResearchLaboratory on the ex-USS SHADWELL. All simulations were evaluated at steady state conditions. A constant velocitycounter-flow air supply was introduced into the model structure. The counter-flow air velocities used were 0.5, 1, and 2 m/s. Thisstudy used a computational fluid dynamics combustion module to simulate a 620 kW fire generated by the complete combustionof propane gas from a burn pan in the space.: Carbon dioxide from the fire was tracked throughout the structure to model smokepropagation. Seven simulations were performed with adiabatic and isothermal bulkhead, deck and overhead boundary conditions.Simulation smoke propagation results were consistent with experimental observations. Figures depicting temperature’distribution, carbon dioxide distribution and mixture flow patterns at specified locations are provided in the report The goal ofthis study is to evaluate the effectiveness of computational fluid dynamics modeling of smoke propagation in a shipboard spacewith a counter-flow air supply.DTICPropagation; Smoke; Flow Distribution; Flow Velocity

20010100121 Pittsburgh Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA USAStudy of Polydispersity of Grafted Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Surfaces Using Single Molecule Atomic Force MicroscopyAl-Mawaali, S.; Bemis, J.; Walker, G. C.; Jan. 2000; 3p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-96-0735Report No.(s): AD-A393686; ONR-00-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Single molecule atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the statistical distribution of contour lengths(polydispersity) of polymer chains grafted to a surface. A poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) monolayer was grafted on a flat siliconsubstrate by covalently bonding CL-terminated PDMS to an OH-silicon surface and characterized using contact anglemeasurements and ellipsometry, and single molecule AFM. A model for the single chain dynamics is presented. The statisticaldistributions of the polymer contour lengths were found to depend on concentration of the PDMS polymer used in the graftingsolutions.DTICMolecules; Polymers; Atomic Force Microscopy; Ellipsometry

20010100452 Pennsylvania Univ., Medical Image Processing Group, Philadelphia, PA USAIn-Situ Toughened alpha-SiALON Final Report, 15 Nov. 1997-14 Nov. 2000Chen, I. W.; Jul. 2001; 6p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0126; AF Proj. 2306Report No.(s): AD-A393842; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0455; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The grant was initiated on November 15, 1997. We have explored the compositions at which in-situ toughenedalpha’-SiAlON can be obtained. This essentially encompasses the entire single a’-phase region. It includes both rare-earthion-added composition and alkali-earth ion-added compositions. We have made a systematic effort to obtain kinetic data on phasetransformation at different compositions, since this knowledge is critically important for the precise control of nucleation andgrowth which dictate the microstructure. We have developed methods for controlling microstructure in alpha’-SiAlON preparedfrom commercial a-Si3N4 powders. These materials have faster transformation rate and the microstructure control must rely onnucleation treatment of external seeding. We have developed the method to grow and harvest seed crystals, of a controlledcomposition, size and morphology, which can be used to nucleate a’-SiAlON grains in the ceramic to allow tailored grain growth.We have developed a theory for grain growth, based on the recent observations of the morphology of isolated grains from theoxynitride liquid. This model successfully predicted the novel shape transition observed experimentally. We have developed atheory to describe the chemical potential of anisotropic grains under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. This model isapplicable for both silicon nitride and silicon carbide. We have developed a wet chemical technique for etching the highly stablealpha’-SiAlON, which until now has proved difficult for ceramographic preparation. We have shown that the mechanical strengthof alpha’-SiAlON can exceed 1 GPa and the strength retention is good at least up to 1 350 deg C.DTICCeramics; Ceramic Matrix Composites; Microstructure; Phase Transformations; Toughness; Sialon

20010100503 Nebraska Univ., Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Lincoln, NE USAReal Time Optical Monitoring of III-V Semiconductor Wet Chemical Etching Final Report, 20 Sep. 1996-19 Sep. 2000Snyder, Paul G., Nebraska Univ., USA; Dec. 18, 2000; 7p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-96-1-0480Report No.(s): AD-A389265; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0275; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was used to study the effects of wet chemical etching and oxidation on GaAs andAl(0.3)Ga(0.7)As. Etch solutions were mixtures of citric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and water, with various volume ratios.Oxidation in both H2O2 and H2O was studied. Etch rates of GaAs and AlGaAs were determined from real time SE (RTSE)measurements during etching of heterostructures. The surface condition was also studied, with strong differences observedbetween fast-etch and slow-etch solutions. Use of RTSE as an etch-stop detector, either at the end of a layer or at a preselecteddepth within a layer, was demonstrated, with a precision of several rim during nonselective etching. Etch control was alsodemonstrated using focused-beam RTSE, in which the optical beam diameter was reduced from several mm to about 150 microns.Finally, application of RTSE to patterned surfaces yielded a surprising and useful interference effect which can be used to monitoretch depth into bulk material.DTICGallium Arsenides; Etching; Aluminum Gallium Arsenides; Surface Properties; Ellipsometry

20010100508 Brigham Young Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Provo, UT USASynthesis of Bis-8-Hydroxyquinoline-Armed Diazatrithia-15-Crown-5 and Diazatrithia-16-Crown-5 LigandsBronson, R. T.; Bradshaw, Jerald S.; Savage, Paul B.; Krakowiak, Krzysztof E.; Izatt, Reed M.; Apr. 17, 2001; 7p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-98-1-0485Report No.(s): AD-A389138; TR-25; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The synthesis of a series of diazatrithia-15-crown-5 and diazatrithia-16- crown-5 ligands containing two 8-hydroxyquinolineside arms are reported. The ligands were prepared by a two-step process. First, diazatrithiacrown ethers 11 and 12 were preparedby treating bis(alpha-chloroamide)-5 with various dimercaptans followed by reduction using a boron-THF complex.Hydroxymethyl-substituted macrocycle 12 was rearranged to hydroxy-substituted diazatrithia-16-crown-5 in refluxing aqueousHCl. Macrocyclic diamines 11-13 were converted to either 5-chloro- 8-hydroxyquinolin- 7-ylmethyl-substituteddiazatrithiacrown ethers 14-16 by a Mannich aminomethylation reaction or to 8-hydroxyquinolin- 2-ylmethyl-substituteddiazatrithiacrown ethers 17-19 by reductive amination using 8-hydroxyquinoline- 2-carboxaldehyde.DTICMetal Compounds; Esters; Synthesis; Absorption Spectra

20010102588 Naval Postgraduate School, Software Engineering Automation Center, Monterey, CA USADetonability of Hydrocarbon/Air Mixtures Using Combustion Enhancing Geometries for Pulse Detonation EnginesSexton, Neil G.; Jun. 2001; 77p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393149; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This research studied combustion enhancing geometries and shock reflection on generating a hydrocarbon/air detonationwave in a combustion tube. Ethylene was used as a baseline fuel to determine the preferable geometries. Propane was then usedin later testing because of its combustion similarities with heavy hydrocarbon fuels such JP5, JP8, and JP10. Three criteria wereused to measure the effectiveness of the combustion enhancing geometries: ability to generate a detonation, wave speed, and timefor shock formation. The evaluated geometries included flow-restricting orifice plates and a Schelkin spiral. The shock reflectionwas accomplished by a vertical fence (large orifice) placed in the last fourth of the tube length. The optimum geometry was foundto be the orifice plate used in conjunction with the spiral. Detonations occurred when using ethylene in this configuration, but didnot develop when using propane. Because propane’s overall reaction rate is slower than that of simpler fuels, more large- andsmall-scale turbulence to further enhance combustion needs to be generated to create a detonation wave in a short distance whenusing complex hydrocarbons, such as propane.DTICCombustion; Detonation Waves; Pulse Detonation Engines; Propane

20010102761 Illinois Univ., Dept. of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Urbana, IL USAStudies of the Mechanics and Combustion of Energetic Materials for the Design of Explosive Systems Final Report, Jan.1985-Jan. 2000Stewart, D. S., Illinois Univ., USA; May 2001; 33p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F08630-95-1-0004; AF Proj. 2502Report No.(s): AD-A393898; AFRL-MN-EG-TN-2001-7070; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This is the final report that summarizes the research activities carried out under the grant F08630-95-1-0004 (for 5 year, period01/30/95 to 01/29/00), awarded to the University of Illinois (D. Scott Stewart, Principle Investigator) and the Air Force ResearchLaboratory, Munition Directorate, Eglin AFB. The major research findings are summarized in the Discussion of ResearchAccomplishments and they describe (1) development of new models for reactive flow and ignition of energetic materials, (2)

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improved computational ability for reactive flow and ignition problems, (3) the transfer of detonation propagation algorithms toexplosive design codes. A bibliography of all the main archival research papers and technical reports are included with theirabstracts.DTICExplosives; Combustion; Detonation; Computer Aided Design

20010102851 Arizona State Univ., Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tempe, AZ USAOrganic Chemistry of Carbonaceous Meteorites Final Report, 15 Mar. 1997 - 14 Mar. 2000Cronin, John R., Arizona State Univ., USA; Sep. 26, 2001; 18p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-4131; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Chiral and carbon-isotopic analyses of isovaline have been carried out on numerous samples of the Murchison and one sampleof the Murray carbonaceous chondrite. The isovaline was found to be heterogeneous with regard to enantiomeric excess (ee) bothbetween samples and within a single Murchison sample. L-Excesses ranging from 0 to 15% were observed. The isovalinedelta(sup 13) C was found to be about +18%. No evidence was obtained suggesting terrestrial contamination in the more abundantL-enantiomer. A correlation was observed between isovaline (also alpha - aminoisobutyric acid) concentration and PCP contentof five CM chondrites. It is suggested that isovaline, along with other meteoritic a-methyl amino acids with ee, are of presolarorigin. The possible formation of ee in extraterrestrial amino acids by exposure to circularly polarized light or by magnetochiralphotochemistry is discussed. Key words: Murchison meteorite, Murray meteorite, amino acids, isovaline, chirality, carbonisotopes, PCP.AuthorCarbon Isotopes; Chemical Analysis; Isotopes; Murchison Meteorite; Photochemical Reactions

20010102911 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USASteric and electronic effects of 1,3-disubstituted cyclopentadienyl ligands on metallocene derivatives of Cerium, Titanium,Manganese, and IronSofield, C. D.; May 19, 2000; 183p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764394; LBNL-45881; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Sterically demanding 1,3-disubstituted cyclopentadienyl ligands were used to modify the physical properties of thecorresponding metallocenes. Sterically demanding ligands provided kinetic stabilization for trivalent cerium compounds.Tris(di-t-butylcyclo pentadienyl)cerium was prepared and anion competition between halides and cyclopentadienyl groups whichhad complicated synthesis of the tris(cyclopentadienyl)compound was qualitatively examined. Bis(di-t-butylcyclopentadienyl)cerium methyl was prepared and its rate of decomposition, by ligand redistribution, to tris(di-t-butylcyclopentadienyl)cerium was shown to be slower than the corresponding rate for less sterically demanding ligands. Asymmetricallysubstituted ligands provided a symmetry label for examination of chemical exchange processes. Tris(trimethylsilyl(t-butyl)cyclopentadienyl)cerium was prepared and therate of interconversion between the C1 and C3 isomers was examined. Theenthalpy difference between the two distereomers is 7.0 kJ/mol. The sterically demanding cyclopentadienyl ligandsansa-di-t-butylcyclopentadiene (Me2Si((Me3C)2C5H3)2), ansa-bis(trimethylsilyl) cyclopentadiene (Me2Si((Me3Si)2C5H3)2)and tetra-t-butylfulvalene and metallocene derivatives of the ligands were prepared and their structures were examined by singlecrystal X-ray crystallography. The effect that substituents on the cyclopentadienyl ring have on the pi-electron system of the ligandwas examined through interaction between ligand and metal orbitals. A series of 1,3-disubstituted manganocenes was preparedand their electronic states were determined by solid-state magnetic susceptibility, electron paramagnetic resonance, X-raycrystallography, and variable temperature UV-vis spectroscopy. Spin-equilibria in ((Me3C)2C5H3)2Mn and((Me3C)(Me3Si)C5H3)2Mn were examined and indicate an enthalpy difference of 15 kJ/mol between the high-spin and low-spinforms. Cyclopentadienyl groups resistant to intramolecular oxidative addition allowed isolation of compounds susceptible tointramolecular decomposition. A kinetically stable, base-free titanocene was prepared using di-t-butylcyclopentadienyl ligandsand the reactivity of the compound toward small molecules was investigated. The titanocene reacts reversibly with hydrogen toform the titanocene dihydride and the equilibrium in solution between titanocene dihydride, and titanocene and hydrogen, wasexamined.NTISDihydrides; Electron States; Iron; Ligands; Organometallic Compounds; Cerium

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20010102928 Rennes Univ., FranceStudy of Soot Growth and Nucleation by A Time-Resolved Synchrotron Radiation Based X-Ray Absorption Method FinalReportMitchell, J. B.; Jul. 05, 2001; 36p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-E039Report No.(s): AD-A393525; EOARD-SPC-00-4039; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report results from a contract tasking University of Rennes I as follows: The contractor will perform a study of sootgrowth and nucleation by a time-resolved synchrotron radiation based x-ray absorption method. A gaseous fuel burner will beconstructed that will allow a stable flame to be produced. The burner will be mounted on an assembly that will allow the motorizedmovement in both a horizontal and vertical direction so that the two dimensional profile of the soot density can be measured viax-ray absorption. Associated fuel flow control equipment will be used to control and characterize flame conditions. The goal ofthis work therefore will be to (a) determine doped and undoped soot particle photoemission yields (b) map out the soot densitystructure in a heavily sooting flame using x-ray absorption and photoelectron detection and (c) determine the influence ofenhanced ionization on subsequent soot growth in flames. This report results from a contract tasking University of Rennes I asfollows: The contractor will perform a study of soot growth and nucleation by a time-resolved synchrotron radiation based x-rayabsorption method%. A gaseous fuel burner will be constructed that will allow a stable flame to be produced. The burner will bemounted on an assembly that will allow the motorized movement in both a horizontal and vertical direction so that the twodimensional profile of the soot density can be measured via x-ray absorption. Associated fuel flow control equipment will be usedto control and characterize flame conditions. The goal of this work therefore will be to (a) determine doped and undoped sootparticle photoemission yields (b) map out the soot density structure in a heavily sooting flame using x-ray absorption andphotoelectron detection and (c) determine the influence of enhanced ionization on subsequent soot growth in flames.DTICSoot; Fuel Systems; X Ray Absorption; Fuel Flow; Radiation Absorption; Burners; Nucleation; Gaseous Fuels; Ionization

20010102929 Little (Arthur D.), Inc., Cambridge, MA USAHigh-Performance Multi-Fuel AMTEC Power System Final Report, 1 Jul. 1997 - 31 Mar. 2001Loftus, Peter J.; Sievers, Robert K.; Dec. 2000; 114p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-97-C-0042Report No.(s): AD-A393524; ARO-37536.2-CH; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

AMTEC technology has demonstrated thermal to electric conversion efficiencies and power densities which make it anattractive option for meso-scaic power generation. This report details development of an integrated, logistics-fueled, 500 WAMTEC power supply. The development targeted 2O% AMTEC thermal efficiency and 16% system efficiency (fuel to net power)in a system that weights 9 kg. The heat source developed was a compact, recuperated combustion system capable of operatingwith most common liquid or gaseous fuels. Key technical issues that were addressed included: developing a cylindricalmulti-tube/single cell AMTEC configuration with effective management of alkali metal flow; scaling down and integrating amulti-fuel micro-combustor technology to achieve soot-flee logistics fuel combustion and uniform heat flux to the AMTECmodule hot side; and integrating a compact, light-weight recuperator to achieve high thermal efficiency. In addition, we evaluatedand tested two alternative AMTEC design and manufacturing concepts aimed at reducing the cost and improving themanufacturability of the technology.DTICThermoelectric Power Generation; Alkali Metals; Liquid Fuels; Fuel Combustion; Cost Reduction

20010103991 Rochester Univ., Dept. of Chemical Engineering, NY USAHigh-Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography System for Optical Polymers Research Final Report, 31 Mar.2000-30 Mar. 2001Chen, Shaw H., Rochester Univ., USA; June 2001; 44p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0074Report No.(s): AD-A392960; ARO-40862.1-CH-RIP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

A high-temperature gel permeation chromatograph has been acquired for the measurement of absolute molecular weightdistribution to support a MURI Program on Tunable Optical Polymer Systems. Conjugated polymers have been actively pursuedover the past two decades for electronic, optical, photonic, and optoelectronic applications. In the last few years, liquid crystallineconjugated polymers have begun to attract attention because of their ability to self-organize. One can now imagine takingadvantage of the new optical properties originating in ordered conjugated systems. Nonmesogenic conjugated polymers areknown to effect electrochromism and voltage-tunable light emission, and non conjugated mesogenic liquid crystals (chiral-

28

nematics in particular) are known to effect tunable selective reflection. As a major challenge, chiral-nematic conjugated polymersare being designed and synthesized to accomplish all three modes of tunability across the visible and infrared region for defenseand civilian applications. In addition, we are developing novel conjugated oligomers configured in a three-dimensional space toeffect control of nanoscale morphology critical to optoelectronic properties, for which a manuscript is attached to illustrate ourmolecular design concept.DTICOptical Properties; Gels; High Temperature; Chromatography

20010105088 North Coast Crystals, Inc., Cleveland, OH USAComposite electrodes for advanced electrochemical applications Quarterly Report, 1 Jul. - 30 Sep. 1999Kovach, C.; Oct. 01, 1999; 10p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-760844; DOE/GO/10320-Q; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

The electrochemical industry is one of the most highly energy-intensive industries today. However, there have been nosignificant advances in the electrodes that these industries use. The dimensionally stable anode (DSA), which ELTECH introducedunder a license agreement, has been the industry standard for the past twenty-five years. But, DSAs are nearing the end of theirtechnological prevalence. The principal problems with DSAs include high capital and operating cost, and the proprietary natureof the technology. In addition, DSAs experience problems that include contamination of the process solution by anode materials,failure when the electrocatalytic coating peels from under attack, generally low anode performance due to inherent limitationsin operating current density, and short anode lifetime because of corrosion. The proposed innovation combines the low electricalresistance of copper with the corrosion resistance of electrically conductive diamond to achieve energy-efficient, long-lifetimeelectrodes for electrochemistry. The proposed work will ultimately develop a composite electrode that consists of a coppersubstrate, a conductive diamond coating, and a catalytic precious metal coating. The scope of the current work includespreparation, testing, and evaluation of diamond-coated titanium electrodes.NTISComposite Materials; Electrode Materials; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Metal Coatings

20010105190 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USACathodic protection-rectifier 46Bellomy, J. R.; Apr. 25, 1997; 38pReport No.(s): DE2001-16915; HNF-SD-W320-ATR-001; DE98059761,EW3130010; No Copyright; Avail: Department ofEnergy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Acceptance Test Report for the interalarm cathodic protection - Addition of rectifier 46, Project W-320.NTISCathodic Coatings; Rectifiers

20010105213 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAHeterogenization of Homogeneous Catalysts: the Effect of the SupportEarl, W. L.; Ott, K. C.; Hall, K. A.; de Rege, F. M.; Morita, D. K.; Jun. 29, 1999; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763894; LA-UR-99-2685; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We have studied the influence of placing a soluble, homogeneous catalyst onto a solid support. We determined that such a’heterogenized’ homogeneous catalyst can have improved activity and selectivity for the asymmetric hydrogenation of enamidesto amino acid derivatives. The route of heterogenization of RhDuPhos(COD)(sup +) cations occurs via electrostatic interactionswith anions that are capable of strong hydrogen bonding to silica surfaces. This is a novel approach to supported catalysis.Supported RhDuPhos(COD)(sup +) is a recyclable, non-leaching catalyst in non-polar media. This is one of the few heterogenizedcatalysts that exhibits improved catalytic performance as compared to its homogeneous analog.NTISCatalysts; Amino Acids; Hydrogenation

20010105225 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAStatistical Analysis on Turbulent Premixed Flame with a Cyclone-Jet CombustorYamamoto, K.; Jan. 01, 2000; 25p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763253; LA-UR-00-31; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

To investigate the premixed flame structure in highly turbulent flow, we have used a cyclone jet combustor, which stabilizesthe premixed flames over a wide range of turbulent properties. With Mie scattering imaging, we have obtained tomographic flame

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images to visualize the flame structure. The local flame characteristics have been examined with an electrostatic probe.Toinvestigate the premixed flame structure in highly turbulent flow, we have used a cyclone jet combustor, which stabilizes thepremixed flames over a wide range of turbulent properties. With Mie scattering imaging, we have obtained tomographic flameimages to visualize the flame structure. The local flame characteristics have been examined with an electrostatic probe.NTISCombustion Chambers; Electrostatic Probes; Imaging Techniques; Mie Scattering; Turbulent Flames; Statistical Analysis

26METALS AND METALLIC MATERIALS

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20010099880 Argonne National Lab., IL USAEffect of bulk composition on swelling and radiation-induced segregation in austenitic alloysAllen, T. R.; Cole, J. I.; Dietz, N. L.; Wang, Y.; Was, G. S.; Oct. 10, 2000; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-766294; ANL/ED/CP-102225; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

Changes in bulk composition are known to affect both radiation-induced segregation and microstructural development,including void swelling in austenitic stainless steels. In this work, three alloys have been studied: Fe-18Cr-8Ni alloy (bulkcomposition corresponding to 304 stainless steel), Fe-18Cr-40Ni (bulk composition corresponding to 330 stainless steel), andFe-16Cr-13Ni (bulk composition corresponding to 316 stainless steel). Following irradiation with high-energy protons, thechange in hardness and microstructure (void size distribution and grain boundary composition) due to irradiation is investigated.Increasing the bulk nickel concentration decreases void swelling, increases matrix hardening, and increases grain boundarychromium depletion and nickel enrichment. The analysis shows that decreases in lattice parameter and shear modulus due toradiation-induced segregation correlate with decreased void swelling and a decreased susceptibility to irradiation assisted stresscorrosion cracking (IASCC). While traditional thinking on IASCC assumed RIS was a contributing factor to cracking, it may bethat properly controlled RIS can be used to mitigating cracking.NTISAustenitic Stainless Steels; Irradiation; Composition (Property); Chemical Composition

20010100253 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USABolt-Load Retention Behavior of a Die Cast Magnesium-Rare Earth AlloyMoreno, Ian P.; Jun. 25, 2001; 63p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392321; C101-123; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The need for improved understanding of new magnesium alloys for the automotive industry continues to grow as theapplication for these lightweight alloys expands to more demanding environments, particularly in drivetrain components. Theiruse at elevated temperatures, such as in transmission cases, presents a challenge because magnesium alloys generally have lowercreep resistance than aluminum alloys currently employed for such applications. In this study, a new die cast magnesium alloy,MEZ, containing rare earth (RE) elements and zinc as principal alloying constituents, was examined for its bolt-load retention(BLR) properties. Preloads varied from 14 to 28 kN and test temperatures ranged from 125 to 175 deg C. At all test temperaturesand preloads, MEZ retained the greatest fraction of the initial imposed preload when compared to the magnesium alloys AZ91D,AE42, AM50, and the AM50+Ca series alloys. The BLR behavior of MEZ did not show significant sensitivity to temperaturewithin the range examined, whereas the other alloys displayed a clear decrease in bolt-load retention with increased temperatureat a given preload. Retained bolt-load decreased for MEZ with increasing preload in a manner similar to the behavior of otheralloys. The higher BLR can be attributed to the greater resistance to creep and arises mainly from the Mg-RE phases present atcell and grain boundaries and the relatively high solidus temperature (T(sub s) of MEZ. Additional means of improving BLR byvarying geometrical dimensions in the bolted assembly for AZ91D and AM50 were investigated and no significant improvementwas observed in the limited studies that were performed.DTICCast Alloys; Magnesium Alloys; Rare Earth Elements; Bolts; Loads (Forces); Performance Tests; Creep Strength

20010101182 Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center, Benet Labs., Watervliet, NY USAExperiences and Modeling of Hydrogen Cracking in a Thick-Walled Pressure Vessel Final ReportTroiano, Edward; Vigilante, G. N.; Underwood, John H.; Aug. 2001; 21p; In English; Report presented at the ASTM National

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Symposium on Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics (33rd), Moran, WY, 26-29 Jun 2001.Report No.(s): AD-A393626; ARCCB-TR-01016; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Hydrogen cracking associated with armament structures has become more prevalent in recent times. Recent work by Troianoet al. has clearly shown that the utilization of specific barrier coatings, such as nickel, can impede the absorption of hydrogen andretard hydrogen-induced cracking. In this work, a thick-walled, autofrettaged pressure vessel was manufactured from ASTMA723 Grade 2 steel and heat treated to a yield strength of 1170 MPa. An outside diameter keyway was then machined. The keywaywas exposed to concentrated sulfuric acid, leading to apparent cracking within 20 hours of exposure. An investigation of theaffected keyway in the pressure vessel indicated that localized hardened areas were present. The base material possessed hardnessvalues of Rc 37 to 39, while the keyway possessed localized hardened zones up to Rc 44. These zones extended to a depth ofapproximately 4-mm. The different hardness layers suggest that the environmental cracking incubated and propagated in twoseparate stages. Cracking in the hardened skin layer on the surface incubated quickly and propagated to approximately the 4-mmdepth and arrested itself once it encountered the more ductile base material. Previously published crack growth (da/dt) test data,and new data verify that this process of incubation and propagation occurred in a matter of seconds (in the hardened skin layer).The cracking then resumed in the softer base material after approximately 300 hours of incubation time. Additional da/dt testingof this condition has been performed over a range of yield strengths and verifies that incubation times and crack propagation ratesare similar to those observed in this pressure vessel.DTICHydrogen Embrittlement; Crack Propagation; Hardness

20010102646 National Defence Research Establishment, Avd. foer Vapen Och Skydd, Tumba, SwedenScaling Laws and Material Dynamic Material Behavior Inledande Mekaniska Studier av RiktadeWolfrma-RheniumlegeringarSkoglund, P.; Savage, S. J.; November 2000; 22p; In SwedishReport No.(s): PB2001-107276; FOA-R-00-01774-310-SE; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

An initial study concerning the quasi-static mechanical behavior of oriented columnar grained tungsten rhenium alloys hasbeen made. The material investigated was supplied by the Russian Academy of Sciences and was made by plasma arc zonemelting. Quasi-static tensile testing of samples with the grains oriented with a (100)-respectively a (110)-axis parallel with thetensile load direction was done. The chemical content of the material varied from pure tungsten to alloys with 1.9% and 4.8%rhenium. Crystallographic analysis showed that the crystal orientation of the samples in several cases contained low and high angleboundaries and thus deviated from the information given by the supplier. From the mechanical testing it is clear that the samplesare very hard and brittle and several of the samples fractured at the transition between sample gauge and sample ends. The stressat fracture was typically 350-450 MPa at a strain of only 1-2%. From the limited number of samples tested it is therefore notpossible to make any conclusive judgement of the material properties. It is known that the ductility of similar polycrystalline alloyscan be greatly enhanced by an appropriate thermomechanical treatment. The sensitivity of the ductility to rhenium content,temperature, orientation and mechanical treatment should therefore be investigated.NTISTungsten Alloys; Rhenium Alloys; Mechanical Properties; Tensile Tests; Static Tests; Polycrystals

20010103257 Northwestern Univ., Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Evanston, IL USABonding, Energetics and Mechanical Properties of Intermetallics Annual Report, 1 Dec. 1999-30 Nov. 2000Freeman, Arthur J.; Nov. 2000; 10p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): P49620-98-1-0321Report No.(s): AD-A391734; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0401; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

In high-temperature intermetallics, dislocations play an especially important role for understanding mechanisms of theirdeformation and fracture behavior and anomalous mechanical response which are still far from being well understood and remaina challenge to theoretical explanation. Progress in this complex area requires understanding such key phenomena as dislocationstructure and mobility, and crack blunting and propagation: while they have been characterized by mesoscopic length and energyscales, they are determined on the microscopic level by the electronic structure which has, in many cases to be carefully takeninto account using abinitio techniques. The most important and challenging component of our research objectives is to bridge thegap between a microscopic quantum-mechanical description of the chemical bonding and the mesoscopic phenomena whichgovern the mechanical response. It is highly desirable that theory describes dislocation core structure in a compact and physically

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transparent form which would provide a natural link with larger length theories of dislocation motion processes (kink formation,propagation and cross-slip) as well as to study how dislocations, as typical extended defects, influence functional properties.DTICIntermetallics; Mechanical Properties; Alloys; Chemical Bonds

20010103766 Army Research Lab., Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USAAdvanced Penetrator MaterialsMagness, Lee, Army Research Lab., USA; [2001]; 24p; In English; Proceedings from Armaments for the Army TransformationConference, 18-20 Jun. 2001, USA; Sponsored by National Defense Industrial Association, USAReport No.(s): AD-A393800; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Presentation given at the Armaments for the Army Transformation Conference, 18-20 June 2001, sponsored by the NationalDefense Industrial Association.DTICConferences; Defense Program; Military Operations

20010104665 National Aerospace Lab., Amsterdam NetherlandsMicrostructurally-Induced Embrittlement of Archaeological SilverWanhill, R. J.; Jan. 22, 2001; 53p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391792; NLR-TP-2001-032; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Microstructurally-induced embrittlement of archaeological silver is character by grain boundary fracture. This is most likelydue to impurity elements segregating to grain boundaries and reducing their cohesive strength. Empirical and theoretical conceptsof segregation-induced embrittlement are considered with respect to silver and the impurity elements in archaeological silver,furthermore considering the special nature of grain boundaries and the influence of grain size. The report ends with surveys ofdiagnostic techniques and possible remedial measures for embrittled archaeological silver.DTICEmbrittlement; Silver; Grain Boundaries; Impurities; Fracturing; Archaeology

20010105181 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAInterface Characterization Techniques for 304L Stainless Steel Resistance Upset WeldsAbeln, T. G.; Kackenko, E. J.; Necker, C. T.; Field, R. D.; Jul. 26, 1998; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762096; LA-UR-98-3451; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

In an effort to better characterize and classify austenitic stainless steel resistance upset welds, standard methods have beenexamined and alternative methods investigated. Optical microscopy yields subjective classification due to deformation obscuredbond lines and individual perception. The use of specimen preparations that better reveal grain boundaries aids in substantiatingoptical information. Electron microscopy techniques produce quantitative information in relation to microstructural constituents.Orientation Imaging Microscopy (OIM) is a relatively new technique for obtaining objective, quantitative information pertainingto weld integrity, i.e., percent grain boundary growth across the interface.NTISAustenitic Stainless Steels; Joints (Junctions); Welded Joints; Microstructure

20010105212 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USATheoretical and Experimental Investigation on the Low Temperature Properties of the NbCr(sub 2) Laves PhaseThoma, D. J.; Chu, F.; Chen, K. C.; Kotula, P. G.; Mitchell, T. E.; Jun. 03, 1999; 21p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763895; LA-UR-99-2687; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los AlamosNational Laboratory (LANL). The goal of the project was to develop methodologies in which to define and improve the propertiesof NbCr(sub 2) so that the high temperature structural applications of alloys based upon this would not be limited by thelow-temperature brittle behavior of the intermetallic. We accomplished this task by (1) understanding the defect structure anddeformation mechanisms in Laves phases, (2) electronic and geometric contributions to phase stability and alloying behavior, and(3) novel processing of dual phase (Laves/bcc) structures. As a result alloys with properties that in many cases surpass superalloyswere developed. For example, we have tailored alloy design strategies and processing routes in a metal alloy to achieve ambient

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temperature ultimate strengths of 2.35 GPa as well as ultimate strengths of 1.5 GPa at 1000 C. This results in one of the strongestmetal alloys that currently exist, while still having deformability at room temperature.NTISAlloys; Ambient Temperature; Structural Design; Intermetallics; Alloying

20010105261 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAUse of X-Ray Microbeams for Depth Profiling of MeV Ion Implantation Induced Defect Clusters in SiYoon, M.; Larson, B. C.; Tischler, J. Z.; Haynes, T. E.; Chung, J. S.; Oct. 19, 1998; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771412; P00-106614; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We have demonstrated the use of submicron-resolution synchrotron x-ray beams to characterize the size and depthdistribution of ion-implantation-induced defect clusters in Si. A 0.6 micrometer resolution x-ray beam, generated on the Unicatundulator beamline at the Advanced Photon Source using Fresnel zone plate focusing optics, was used to study (001)-orientedSi implanted at 300 C with 10-MeV Si ions. Submicron-resolution, depth-dependent diffuse scattering measurements were madenear the (220) Bragg reflection from the (110) cross-section. The microbeam focusing optics and the depth-resolved scatteringmeasurements are discussed, and an analysis of the intensity and lineshape of the diffuse scattering is presented in terms of existingmodels of vacancy and interstitial clusters in Si.NTISSilicon; Depth Measurement; X Rays; Defects; Ion Implantation

20010105266 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USANew Measurements of the Solubility of Metal Oxides at High TemperaturesPalmer, D. A.; Benezeth, P.; Wesolowski, D. J.; Wood, S. A.; Xiao, C.; Jun. 01, 2000; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771406; P00-108438; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The results of high temperature solubility studies at ORNL are presented in which mainly direct pH measurements were madeof the aqueous systems involving the crystalline solid phases: Al(OH)3, AlOOH, Fe3O4, Mg(OH)2, Nd(OH)3, and ZnO.Examples are highlighted of specific phenomena such as: the kinetics of gibbsite and boehmite dissolution and precipitation; theappearance of metastable equilibria in the dissolution of Fe3O4; the extremely rapid precipitation of crystalline brucite, Mg(OH)2;and anomalies in the apparent solubility profiles of AlO(OH) and ZnO. General trends associated with the effects of temperatureand ionic strength are mentioned.NTISOxides; Solubility; Metals; Temperature Effects; Trends

20010105279 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USATexture and Yield Stress of Pre-Strained 304L Stainless SteelBennett, K.; Von Dreele, B.; Gray, G. T.; Chen, S. R.; Jun. 23, 1997; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762581; LA-UR-99-2245; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The evolution of texture and yield stress in 304L stainless steel is investigated as a function of deformation to large plasticstrains. Steel bars quasi-statically upset forged at a strain rate of 0.001s(sup -1) to true strains of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.8 were foundto acquire their texture ((approximately)3.0 m.r.d.) in the first 0.5 strain with (110) poles highly aligned parallel to the compressiondirection independent of whether the pre-forged starting material was in a cold worked or annealed (1050 C for 1 hour) condition.The same bars, when strained at room temperature show an incremental yield with pre-strain regardless of strain rate (10(sup -1)or 10(sup -3)s(sup -1)) or thermal history, though annealed bars yield at slightly lower stresses. At 77 K and strain rate 10(sup-3)s(sup -1), the annealed 304L exhibits more pronounced strain-hardening behavior than the 304L forged in a cold-workedcondition.NTISStress Analysis; Stainless Steels; Annealing; Textures

20010105592 Virginia Univ., Charlottesville, VA USAHeterogeneous nucleation and growth in metal alloys. Final technical reportShiflet, G. J.; Sep. 14, 1997; 23p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763881; DE-FG05-89ER45389-F; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

We have refined a heat treatment to obtain coherent, heterogeneous nucleation of precipitates on dislocations in a high puritybinary alloy. This allowed, for the first time, a quantitative comparison to be made for coherent heterogeneous nucleation. This

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part of the research resulted from our concern about the role of dislocations in sub-boundaries in aluminum alloys and directedus to first examine isolated dislocations in the binary Al-Li systems. We were able to design the experiment so the heterogeneousnucleation of AL(sub 3)Li occurred. Previously, only homogeneous nucleation of Al(sub 3)Li had been examined.NTISNucleation; Lithium Alloys; Binary Alloys; Precipitates; Aluminum Alloys

27NONMETALLIC MATERIALS

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20010099426 Cincinnati Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, OH USAStructural Foams of Improved Strength and Thermal Stability From Random-Coil and Rigid-Rod Polymers FinalReport, 1 Mar. 1998 - 28 Feb. 2001Sun, H.; Mark, J. E.; Tan, S. C.; Jun. 13, 2001; 62p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0319Report No.(s): AD-A391179; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The most significant accomplishments were determining the conditions for preparing microcellular structural foams fromhigh-temperature polymers of interest to the US Air Force. The primary system was rodlike polybenzobisthiazole blended withpoly(etherketoneketone) with 5% rod content. This gave microcellular foams with densities about 0.92 g/cc, and a yield strengthabout 9.4 ksi. A modified foaming technique gave foams with high porosity, a density of 0.65 g/cc, and pore sizes from 10 to 40micrometers. Also, some sulfonated poly(p-phenylenebenzobismidazole)/poly(2-vinylpyidine) molecular composites gavefoams of uniform microstructures and a cell size less than 10 micrometers, but with some brittleness. Molecular composites basedon polysulfone (PSF) and polybenzimidazole (PBI) were also successfully prepared. PSF and PBI are immiscible, but introductionof functional groups into the PSF or PBI resulted in miscible polymer blends. Very homogeneous microcellular foams wereobtained from them, and their thermal behavior and mechanical properties were encouraging.DTICFoams; Microstructure; Polymer Blends; Thermal Stability; Mechanical Properties

20010099697 City Univ. of New York, Dept. of Chemistry, Brooklyn, NY USAMolecular and Ionic Transport in Polymeric Systems: Electroanalytical Studies, 1 Oct. 2000 - 30 Jun. 2001Ciszkowska, M.; Jul. 15, 2001; 26p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-98-1-0244Report No.(s): AD-A392377; TR-12; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Transport of simple ions and molecules in polymeric systems such as solutions, colloidal suspensions and polymeric gels isof interest for the description of many biological and synthetic systems, such as cellular membranes, biological matrices,ion-exchangers, new materials for power sources, and gel-based sensors. The transport of ions in ionic polymeric media issuppressed due to long range electrostatic interactions between polyions and counterions or coions. This paper presents anoverview of recent developments in transport studies in polymeric systems using electroanalytical methods. Two systems withimportant applications, polymeric gels and solutions of ionic polymers, are discussed. Appropriate theoretical models andexperimental results for synthetic and biological systems are presented.DTICIons; Molecules; Polymers; Electrodes; Gels

20010100116 Oklahoma Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Norman, OK USALiquid Crystals and Ordered Polymers for Infrared and Microwave Applications Final Report, 1 Jun 1998-31 May 2001Fung, Bing M.; Aug. 28, 2001; 9p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0453Report No.(s): AD-A393670; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A large number of new liquid crystals were synthesized for possible applications in advanced electrooptic devices operatingin infrared and microwave ranges. These compounds contain an electron-donating group and an electron-accepting groupseparated by a conjugated mesogenic core. The ”push-pull” structure imparts a large longitudinal dipole moment on the molecule,resulting in very large dielectric anisotropy and significant birefringence extending to the infrared region. The electrooptic

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properties of several of these compounds dissolved in room-temperature nematic solvents have been measured. Macroscopicallyoriented epoxy thermosets were formed by polymerizing liquid crystalline diepoxides with an aromatic diamine. They showincreased mechanical strength over unoriented samples, and possess optical anisotropy. Two short projects not originally plannedwere also carried out. The first was the production of super-strong cellulose aerogels, and the second was an NMR study of apolymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) system.DTICElectro-Optics; Polymers; Liquid Crystals; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Aerogels

20010100123 Pittsburgh Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA USAApertureless Scanning Near-Field Infrared Microscopy of PolymersAkhremitchev, Boris; Walker, Gilbert C.; Jan. 2000; 3p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-96-1-0735Report No.(s): AD-A393689; TR-13; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Infrared near field microscopy using an apertureless probe technique has been accomplished to study the surfaces of a castcopolymer film. Two basic models for the predicted signal and the experimental data are presented. The first model includes planewave light scattering by a conductive sphere and an infinitely wide absorptive layer placed on a semi-infinite conductor. Thismodel shows infrared signal dependence on the layer absorption and predicts topographic coupling into the infrared signal. Theexperimental data also indicate that a significant component in the infrared contrast arises from the problem following the samplestopography and a method to eliminate the influence of topography following is demonstrated. The images corrected by such aprocedure show spatial resolution approximately lamba/100. A more complex model based on a three dimensional finitedifference time domain method was used to calculate scattering from an inhomogeneous surface.DTICScanning; Polymers; Microscopy; Near Infrared Radiation; Near Fields

20010101154 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Airframes and Engines Div., Fishermans Bend, AustraliaFlow Testing of Cytec FM300 and FM300-2K Structural AdhesivesVodicka, Roger, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; July 2001; 30p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DSTO-TN-0383; DODA-AR-011-946; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

The flow of Cytec FM300 and FM300-2K structural film adhesives was examined using flow tests employing an autoclaveor by using dead-weights to apply pressure. The effect of ageing the adhesive at room-temperature was examined for periods ofup to 60 days. FM300 adhesive was found to show minimal changes in flow and it was difficult to determine the adhesive agefrom the flow test results. The effects of ageing on FM300 are most likely to appear in the results of mechanical tests such as theshort overlap shear test. FM300-2K showed a more consistent change in flow with age. The flow of FM300-2K changed markedlyover the ageing period (about 30-40% change in area flow) and decreased in an almost linear fashion with age. This makes it viableto determine the effects of ageing on FM300-2K based on the results of flow tests. Both types of pressure application (autoclaveand dead-weights) are suitable for flow testing and offer key advantages and disadvantages. If an autoclave is available it ispreferable to perform flow tests at 100 kPa.AuthorAdhesives; Viscosity; Aging (Materials); Epoxy Resins; Flow Measurement

20010101164 Pennsylvania Univ., Medical Image Processing Group, Philadelphia, PA USAA Gas Pressure Sintering Furnace for Structural Ceramics Final Report, 1 Feb. 1998-31 Jan. 2000Chen, I-Wei; Jul. 2001; 7p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0230; AF Proj. 3484Report No.(s): AD-A393566; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0456; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The grant was initiated on February 1, 1998. A no-cost extension for one year was requested in January 1999. We havedesigned, purchased and received a gas pressure sintering furnace from Centorr Inc. (Model 2723EP). This furnace is in fulloperation. We have proceeded with the proposed research on the in-situ toughened a -SiAlON and on the synthesis of highb-content Si3N4 powders. We have also purchased, received and tested a cold isostatic press from ABB Autoclave (CIP 42260).This equipment is also in operation in the laboratory. Since funds were used from University sources to advance the payment ofthe gas pressure sintering, we have used the residue funds to purchase characterization equipment for a -SiAlON research. The

35

new equipment has been delivered and has allowed characterization of a -SiAlON, especially the mechanical properties (R-curve,creep, and high temperature strength) to be carried out in our laboratory.DTICCeramics; Gas Pressure; Creep Strength; Furnaces; Powder (Particles)

20010101165 Pennsylvania Univ., Medical Image Processing Group, Philadelphia, PA USAA High Temperature Microhardness Tester for Structural Ceramics Final Report, 1 May 1999-14 May 2000Chen, I-Wei; Jul. 2001; 7p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-99-1-0269; AF Proj. 3484Report No.(s): AD-A393567; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0457; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The grant was initiated on May 1, 1999. In view of the fact that high temperature microindentation testers are no longer incommercial production, we have instead designed, purchased and received an atomic force microscope (AFM) from DigitalInstrument. This instrument is configured to perform nanoindentation tests to obtain information on deformation resistance in bothelastic and plastic range. The instrument was installed in September 1999 and personnel have been trained to operate theinstrument at the same time. We have proceeded with nanomechanical characterization of the bulk silicon nitride and SiAlON’sand their interfacial properties. This includes a study of the intergranular glassy phase that is often thought to be a critical factorin determining their mechanical performance.DTICCeramics; Microhardness; Deformation

20010102903 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USACreep of SiC Hot-Pressed with Al, B, and CSixta, M., California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., USA; Mar. 31, 2000; 189p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764381; LBNL-45436; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The creep of a high strength, high toughness SiC, sintered with Al, B, and C (ABC-SiC), was investigated. For elevatedtemperature applications, the time-dependent deformation, creep response, must be fully characterized for candidate materials.The mechanisms responsible The creep response was for high temperature deformation in ABC-SiC were evaluated. comparedto materials that have glassy grain boundary phases but do not have interlocked grains.NTISCreep Properties; Silicon Carbides; Hot Pressing; High Temperature; Glass

20010103073 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USAVapor-Phase Lubricants: Nanometer-Scale Mechanisms and Applications to Sub-Micron and Rotating Machinery FinalReport, 1 Dec. 1998-30 Nov. 2000Krim, Jacqueline; Feb. 28, 1999; 9p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-99-1-0006Report No.(s): AD-A391855; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0406; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Vapor-phase lubricants - Nanometer-scale mechanisms and applications to sub-micron machinery was a new programsupported by AFOSR involving a set of experimental seeking to explore the nanometer-scale origins of the lubricating propertiesof vapor-phase lubricants in controlled environmental conditions and well-defined contact geometries. Although such lubricantshave been the subject of much research for over 40 years, the atomic-scale details of their lubrication mechanisms are far frombeing satisfactorily understood. We have evaporated high purity Fe and Cr substrates in UHV conditions onto Quartz CrystalMicrobalances, and then measured the uptake rates of TCP in the temperature range 25-40 C. The Sample’s surface chemistrieswere also investigated by means of Auger Spectroscopy, and, as expected, graphitic carbon was found to be the dominant surfaceconstituent. More surprisingly, we observed the uptake rates to depend on sample history, providing positive confirmation thatinterdiffusion of TCP with Fe is extensive, and key to its beneficial tribological properties. A second set of experiments has beenmotivated by the fact that vapor lubrication mechanisms may prove to be of critical importance to sub-micron mechanical systemson account of the difficulty of applying a lubricant to such systems by other techniques. These studies involve characterizationof the nanotribological behaviors of simple organics and TBPP on metal surfaces in a simple nanomechanical system consistingof a STM tip sliding along the surface electrode of a QCM electrode. They have revealed that surface regions exposed to lubricantswhich directly experience rubbing exhibit lower friction and virtually no wear. The phenomenon is attributable to eithertribochemically formed graphitic regions or heating induced migration of carbon to the interface.DTICVapor Phases; Lubricants; Lubrication; Metal Surfaces; Machinery

36

20010103549 Exfluor Research Corp., Round Rock, TX USADurable Fluorocarbon-Based Coatings for Aircraft Final Report, 8 Apr. 1998-30 Sep. 2000Julke, Timothy; Kawa, Hajimu; Nov. 2000; 67p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-98-C-5028; AF Proj. 3005Report No.(s): AD-A391420; AFRL-ML-WP-TR-2001-4090; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

New perfluoroalkyl-branched diols were synthesized. Polyols and polyesters were prepared from theperfluoroalkyl-branched diols. The branching perfluoroalkyl groups are expected to form a protective layer between the polymerbackbone and the atmosphere. Thus, the fluorinated polyols and polyesters could be key ingredients for the development ofdurable for military aircraft.DTICFluorocarbons; Paints; Protective Coatings; Aircraft Structures; Durability

20010105214 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAReactivity of Metal Ions Bound to Water-Soluble PolymersSauer, N. N.; Watkins, J. G.; Lin, M.; Birnbaum, E. R.; Robison, T. W.; Jun. 29, 1999; 20p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763893; LA-UR-99-2684; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The intent of this work is to determine the effectiveness of catalysts covalently bound to polymers and to understand theconsequences of supporting the catalysts on catalyst efficiency and selectivity. Rhodium phosphine complexes with functionalgroups for coupling to polymers were prepared. These catalyst precursors were characterized using standard techniques includingIR, NMR, and elemental analysis. Studies on the modified catalysts showed that they were still active hydrogenation catalysts.However, tethering of the catalysts to polyamines gave systems with low hydrogenation activity. Analogous biphasic systemswere also explored. Phosphine ligands with a surfactant-like structure have been synthesized and used to prepare catalyticallyactive complexes of palladium. The palladium complexes were utilized in Heck-type coupling reactions (e.g. coupling ofiodobenzene and ethyl acrylate to produce ethyl cinnamate) under vigorously stirred biphasic reaction conditions, and were foundto offer superior performance over a standard water-soluble palladium catalyst under analogous conditions.NTISMetal Ions; Polymers; Catalytic Activity; Chemical Analysis; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance; Covalent Bonds

20010105217 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USANanoindentation Study of Amorphous Metal Multilayered Thin FilmsVella, J. B.; Cammarata, R. C.; Jan. 01, 2000; 8p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763323; LA-UR-00-320; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Metallic glasses remain a class of materials whose extraordinary properties have in large part yet to be fully employed intechnological applications. Although some glassy alloys have been shown to far exceed the tensile strengths and harnesses of theircrystalline counterparts, their stringent processing requirements have severely limited their application as a structural material.Progress is being made in metallic glass fabrication technology as alloying combinations and ratios continue to be refined toincrease the glass transition temperature. It is therefore important to gain an understanding of the microscopic processes involvedin the mechanical behavior of these materials as they begin to see broader application.NTISGlass Transition Temperature; Metallic Glasses; Metal Films; Alloying; Crystallinity

20010105241 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAImproved Sensitivity SiC Hydrogen SensorMuntele, C. I.; Ila, D.; Williams, E. K.; Muntele, I. C.; Evelyn, A. L.; Apr. 24, 2000; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771461; P00-107219; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We have produced silicon carbide sensors by two techniques: palladium coating and low energy palladium implantation. Thepalladium implantation was done at 550 C into the Si face of 6H, n-type SiC at various energies and at various fluences. Thesensitivity of each sensor was measured at temperatures between 20 C to 400 C. The response of the SiC sensors produced by Pdimplantation has revealed a completely different behavior than the SiC sensors produced by Pd deposition.NTISHydrogen; Silicon Carbides; Palladium; Gas Detectors

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20010105245 Allied-Signal Corp., Kansas City, MO USAEffect of Excimer Laser Treatment on the Surface Roughness and Fracture Strength of Alumina SubstratesSmoot, J. E.; May 13, 1998; 22p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-16594; KCP-613-6070; DE98053086; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

The microelectronics industry requires alumina substrates with exceptionally smooth surfaces and few surface defects toallow successful deposition of metallic films for reliable electronic performance. Irradiation by a 248-nm wavelength excimerlaser beam (KrF) at a fluence of 125 mJ/sq mm and at various angles of incidence is shown to significantly reduce the surfaceroughness of alumina substrates. However, irradiation also creates a fine particulate deposit of alumina that only partially adheresto the substrate and impedes deposition of metal films. Annealing in air between 1350 C and 1450 C was found to remove theparticles by sintering. As-received material showed surface roughness average (R(sub a)) mean values of 457 nm, which wasreduced to 60 nm (mean) following irradiation and 71 nm (mean) following irradiation and annealing at 1350 C. Irradiation alsoproduced a decrease in the number and severity of surface defects. The flexural strength and Weibull modulus were both increasedby laser irradiation and thermal treatment. Flexural strength went from an as-received value of 450 MPa to 560 MPa followingirradiation/sintering, measured at 10% probability of failure. The Weibull modulus was increased from the as-received value ofabout 9, to about 13 following irradiation/sintering. It was concluded that irradiation at an angle of incidence of 60deg fromperpendicular was most effective in producing a low surface roughness.NTISSurface Roughness; Excimer Lasers; Aluminum Oxides

20010105257 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USARadiation Enhanced Porosity and Roughness of BiomaterialsEvelyn, A. L.; Rodrigues, M. G.; Ila, D.; Zimmerman, R. L.; Poker, D. B.; Apr. 24, 2000; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771441; P00-107220; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Glassy Polymeric Carbon (GPC), made from cured phenolic resins, is sufficiently chemically inert and biocompatible thatit is suitable for medical applications, such as heart valves and other prosthetic devices. We have used energetic ion bombardmentof the partially and fully cured precursor phenolic resins to enhance biological cell/tissue growth on, and to increase tissueadhesion to, prosthetic devices made from GPC. GPC samples were bombarded with energetic ions to 10 MeV. The surfacetopography and increased surface roughness was observed using optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Theincreased porosity was measured by introducing lithium from a molten LiCi salt into the GPC and using (p,a) nuclear reactionanalysis (NRA) to measure the concentration of Li retention in the modified GPC. The NRA measurements of increased poreavailability were correlated with the observations of increased surface roughness.NTISPorosity; Surface Roughness; Glassy Carbon

20010105468 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USAFormulation of Molding Materials From Recycled Printed Wiring BoardsLula, J. W.; Bohnert, G. W.; Apr. 20, 1998; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-16830; KCP-613-6066; DE98-059403; C/ASKC-96-KCP-1037; No Copyright; Avail: Department ofEnergy Information Bridge

The objective of this project was to formulate the pulverized electronic waste (PEW) stream derived from grinding obsoleteelectronic assemblies and combine this material with thermoplastic or thermosetting polymers into useful, high-value commercialproducts materials. PEW consists primarily of various thermoset plastic materials and glass fibers from the printed wiring boards,along with ceramic pieces from chip carriers and other electronic components. Typically, the thermosetting materials have thesame desirable properties as in the original electronic assembly, including relatively high temperature resistance, excellentchemical resistance, and flame retardancy. These properties combine to make PEW an inherently good inert filler material forplastic composites.NTISPrinted Circuits; Recycling; Molding Materials; Wire

20010105593 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAElectron-Spin-Resonance Study of Oxidation in X-Iraddiated Poly(Ester Urethane) Containing NitroplasticizerJahan, M. S.; Thomas, D. E.; Sep. 22, 2000; 15p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763106; LA-UR-00-4446; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

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The effect of oxidation on x--irradiated Estane5703 containing nitroplasticizer (NP) has been examined byelectron-spin-resonance spectroscopy, and the results are compared to similar data previously obtained on pristine Estane5703.Although both specimens exhibit similar spectra immediately following x irradiation, their decay upon exposure to air is quitedifferent. The free-radical concentration of the pristine specimen continuously decreases with time whereas the NP sampleexhibits an initial decrease followed by a significant increase due to the growth of a newly-formed radical. Terminal species ofthe pristine and NP- Estane5703 samples are identified as peroxy and nitroxy radicals, respectively. Hyperfine coupling constantsand g-values are extracted for the nitroxy radical and a tentative model is proposed to explain the reaction pathway leading to itsproduction.NTISPolymers; Urethanes; Irradiation

20010105596 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USATemperature-Modulated Calorimetry of Polymers with Single and Multiple Frequencies to Determine Heat Capacitiesas well as Reversible and Irreversible Transition ParametersWunderlich, B.; May 01, 2000; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771416; P00-107488; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Temperature-modulated differential calorimetry (TMDSC) generated with a centrosymmetric saw-tooth oscillation can beconsidered to be a sinusoidal modulation with multiple frequencies. Different harmonics of the Fourier series of the heat-flowrate and heating rate of a single sawtooth-modulation can be deconvoluted to extract data pertaining to different frequencies. Inorder to give the higher harmonics similar amplitudes, a complex but simple-to-program, sawtooth-modulation is generated forthe harmonics 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9. In the fashion, a single experiment can produce a frequency-dependent analysis under identicalthermal history.NTISHeat Measurement; Polymers; Phase Transformations

28PROPELLANTS AND FUELS

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20010100401 Pennsylvania State Univ., Energy Inst., University Park, PA USACoal-Based Fuel Formulation and Engineering Final Report, 1 Nov. 1997 - 1 Dec. 1999Boehman, A.; Hatcher, P.; Schobert, H.; Song, C.; Feb. 2000; 122p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-98-D-2802; AF Proj. 3048Report No.(s): AD-A393344; D.O.0003; AFRL-PR-WP-D.OTR-2001-2083; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02,Microfiche

The potential coal based feedstocks that could produce or co-produce in a conventional petroleum refinery for use as blendingstocks for the production of candidate JP-9OO fuels were evaluated. The oxidative and pyrolytic stability of candidate coal basedfeedstocks were evaluated in both hatch and flow reactors.DTICCoal; Coal Derived Liquids; Jet Engine Fuels; Mixtures

20010101047 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Weapons Systems Div., Fishermans Bend, AustraliaCharacterisation and Polymerisation Studies of Energetic BindersProvatas, Arthur, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; June 2001; 52p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DSTO-TR-1171; DODA-AR-011-921; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

In order to comply with Insensitive Munitions (IM) criteria, energetic binders comprising polymer and plasticiser(s) arefinding use in cast-cured polymer bonded explosives and cast composite rocket propellants. Energetic binder systems conferenergy output increases over conventional inert binder systems currently in use, and are thus of interest to the ADF. This reportserves to characterise fully the physico-chemical properties of such energetic binder systems. Both the uncured ’prepolymer’binder and the fully cured system have been characterised by various techniques including thermal analysis, spectroscopic

39

analysis, sensitivity tests, molecular weight chromatography and mechanical properties. Detailed cure information obtained fromthese analyses are used to ensure effective cure.AuthorBinders (Materials); Polymerization; Characterization; Explosives; Composite Propellants; Thermal Analysis; SpectroscopicAnalysis

20010101087 Argonne National Lab., IL USAIntegrated ceramic membrane system for hydrogen productionShah, M. M.; Drnevich, R. F.; Balachandran, U.; Sep. 28, 2000; 8p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-766305; ANL/ET/CP-102953; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

This paper describes a new technology development program launched by Praxair with Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)as a subcontractor. The proposed program will lead to commercialization of cost-effective and environmentally-friendly hydrogenproduction systems for use in the transportation sector for fuel-cell vehicle refueling stations and in the industrial sector as a small,on-site hydrogen supply. The proposed system will integrate ceramic membrane based syngas production and hydrogenseparation technologies. The Phase 1 activities in the current year will focus on technoeconomic feasibility evaluation andhydrogen separation membrane testing to validate the concept and define the critical development program for subsequent years.NTISCeramics; Hydrogen Production; Commercialization; Technology Assessment

20010103254 Southwest Research Inst., Fuels and Lubricants Research Div., San Antonio, TX USAInitial Effects of Converting Army Diesel-Powered Ground Vehicles to Operate on JP-8+100 Fuel Interim ReportStoecklein, K. E.; Yost, D. M.; Frame, E. A.; Jun. 2000; 143p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAK70-92-C-0059Report No.(s): AD-A391723; TFLRF-347; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The +100 additive was developed to increase the thermal stability of JP-8 aviation fuel. It has been shown that thedispersant/detergent component of the +100 additive permanently disables the water separators in fueling systems (i.e.filter/separators), potentially allowing water to enter vehicle or equipment fuel tanks. Furthermore, the additive will remove dirtand scale (previously deposited materials) from dirty fuel systems, and carry these contaminants downstream, which may quicklyplug fuel filters. Some initial USAF evaluations with diesel-engine powered ground support equipment have shown only minorfuel-filter plugging problems. However, these evaluations, have been limited to flight line support equipment, which alreadyoperates on aviation-quality JP-8 fuel and is therefore at minimal risk. This project resulted in a set of data that documents theeffect on fuel-borne contaminant levels resulting from operation of a previously diesel fueled vehicle with JP-8+100 aviation fuel.The collected data illustrate that there is generally an observable increase in fuel- borne particulates during the initial circulationof JP-8+100 throughout vehicle fuel systems previously operated on diesel fuel for extended periods of time. The laboratoryanalyses of the collected fuel samples also show that there is generally an increase in the fuel-borne water content when a vehicleis converted to operation with JP-8+1 00.DTICDiesel Fuels; JP-8 Jet Fuel; Surface Vehicles; Additives; Fuel Systems

31ENGINEERING (GENERAL)

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20010099941 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USASuggestions for the Interoperability Test CycleMickle, Robin; May 31, 2001; 22p; In English; Proceedings from the Navy Interoperability Workshop, 30-31 May 2001 sponsoredby NDIA.Report No.(s): AD-A393702; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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This group of viewgraphs presented offers suggestions for the interoperability test cycle. The purpose of testing is to identifyand fix problems. Time must be allowed to fix the problems, many which are complex. Retesting must occur to ensure fixes work,without causing collateral problem and one must ensure the right assets are available to fix and retest.DTICInteroperability; Tests; Cycles

20010100408 Texas Univ., Dept. of Engineering, Austin, TX USAInitial Identification and Investigation of Parameters for Choosing the Most Appropriate Rapidly Assembled orDeployable StructureDonley, Stephen J.; Aug. 2001; 111p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393183; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

It is well known that a young engineer in the professional arena is commonly faced with problems that are unlike what hehas learned to solve through the rigors of his academic education. In particular, the amount of known information is smallcompared to what is uncertain; it may be difficult to see the real problem because it is hard to place the situation in the propercontext. Unlike in formal engineering education, the problem may not have a correct answer. Instead a matrix of options may needto be generated and the decision may need to be based on financial analysis and political correctness along with technical merit.A complete factual analysis that will lead to more than one option may help in such decision-making. The necessity to basedecisions on more than the issues typically addressed in engineering design classes may indicate that a decision among technicallyacceptable alternatives is driven by specific financial, personal, or other needs of the user. From trouble shooting computer chipcircuits to performing structural analysis on concrete beams to designing a new house, an interdisciplinary approach involvinga plethora of issues must be used in our dynamic culture.DTICDeployment; Decision Making; Structural Analysis; Parameter Identification; Education

20010102902 Technical Univ. of Budapest, Technology and Economics, HungaryPeriodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering, Volume 44, No. 2, 2000 Annual ReportAbraham, Gregory, Technical Univ. of Budapest, Hungary; 2000; 204p; In EnglishReport No.(s): PB2001-107355; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

This current issue discusses the following topics: Design and Calculation Possibilities for the Heat Exchange Conditions ofthe Human Body; Heat Sensitivity of Water-Heating Systems; Laboratory Modelling of Tangential Air Supply System;Qualification of the Occupied Zones of Different Types of Air Supply Systems on the Basis of Measurements; Methods of HeatCost Allocation; Nonstationary Dimensioning of Thermal Comfort and Energetical Optimization of Underground Space;Comfort in Closed Spaces According to Thermal Comfort and Indoor Air Quality; Thermal and Air Quality Comfort of OfficeBuildings Based on New Principles of Dimensioning in Hungary; Description of the Gas and Service Water Consumption Processby Means of Probability Calculation; Determining the Optimal Schedule of District Heating; Analysis of Heat Source andConnected Heat Container; Thermal Comfort in the Passenger Areas of the Budapest Metro; The Newest Results of HeatConduction Theory; and Basic Flow Differential Equations Applied in Building Service Engineering.NTISMechanical Engineering; Air Conditioning

20010103258 Southwest Research Inst., Fuels and Lubricants Research Div., San Antonio, TX USAU.S. Navy High-Speed Diesel Engine Performance Evaluation: Cummins NH-220G and Detroit Diesel 6V-53N InterimReport, Dec. 1993-Aug. 2000Yost, Douglas M.; Aug. 2000; 1531p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAK70-92-C-0059Report No.(s): AD-A391750; SWRI-TFLRF-304; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A99, Hardcopy; A10, Microfiche

This report documents the performance evaluations of Detroit Diesel Corporation 6V-53N and Cummins NH-220G enginesoperating largely on broadened military specification fuels, MIL-F-16884H. The performance evaluations also included afundamental study of the relationship of fuel properties to various combustion phenomena measured in one cylinder of each testengine. Included are engine and test fuel specifications, engine performance analysis, engine operating data, and test fuel data.Fuel property correlations with engine combustion variables were developed using a multivariate analysis of fuel properties withengine performance variables. The power production and fuel consumption correlations were dominated by the test point variablesspeed and load included as independent variables. Additional multivariate analysis performed utilizing a transformation of theindependent variable load, revealed acceptable fuel property correlations for power and fuel consumption. Kinematic viscosity,

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net heat of combustion, specific gravity, and hydrogen content influenced the power and fuel consumption of the CumminsNH-220G. The power and fuel consumption of the Detroit Diesel Corporation 6V-53N was influenced by kinematic viscosity,net heat of combustion, specific gravity, hydrogen content, aniline point, and boiling point distribution.DTICDiesel Engines; Engine Tests; Fuel Consumption; Multivariate Statistical Analysis; Combustion Physics; Reliability Analysis

20010103558 National Science Council, Taipei, Taiwan, Province of ChinaProceedings of the National Science Council, Republic of China, Part D, Mathematics, Science and Technology EducationChen, Chung-Chih, Editor; Chou, Chien, Editor; Chiou, Guey-Fa, Editor; Chang, Huey-Por, Editor; Shiao, His-Chi, Editor; Lin,Chen-Yung, Editor; Tuan, Hsiao-Lin, Editor; Leung, Shuk-Kwan S., Editor; Lin, Huann-Shyang, Editor; Hong, Daisy Lan,Editor; 2001; ISSN 1017-7124; 58p; In English, Taipei, ChinaReport No.(s): PB2001-105713; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A04, Hardcopy

This document provides the proceedings from a conference on Mathematics, Science, and Technology Education. The fourtopics covered include the following: 1) The efficacy of computer-simulated courseware in teaching selected technologicalconcepts; 2) Organization of biological concepts in elementary science textbooks; 3) School-based teacher improvement as aneffective support for mathematical curriculum reform; 4) A case study of a mathematics teacher’s pedagogical values.CASIConferences; Education

20010103771 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USAEffects of air infiltration on the effective thermal conductivity of internal fiberglass insulation and on the delivery ofthermal capacity via ductsLevinson, R.; Woody, D. W.; Dickerhoff, D.; Modera, M.; Mar. 01, 2000; 35p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764330; LBNL-42499; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This study determined the air-speed dependence of the conductivity of fiberglass insulation by measuring the inlet-to-outlettemperature drop of heated air as it traveled at various speeds through a long, insulated flexible duct. The measured conductivityof a flexible duct’s low density, internal, fiberglass-blanket insulation increased with the square of the duct air speed, rising by140% as the duct air speed increased from O to 15 m S minus 1 (sup). At air speeds recommended for branch ducts, the conductivityof infiltrated, low-density, flexible-duct insulation would increase by 6% above its still-air value in a residential system, and by16% in a commercial system. The variation with air speed of the insulated flexible duct’s total conductance (insulation plus airfilms) was in partial agreement with that reported by an earlier study.NTISThermal Conductivity; Infiltration; Air Flow; Airspeed

20010103786 National Academy of Engineering, Washington, DC USAJapan-America Frontiers of Engineering Symposium 2000 Final Report, Jun.-Jul. 2000Nov. 04, 2000; 69p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0709Report No.(s): AD-A392060; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

On November 25, 2000, 60 outstanding Japanese and American engineers from industry, academia, government labs, andother research institutions gathered for the First Japan-America Frontiers of Engineering Symposium (JAFOE) in Nara, Japan.Convened by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering (NAE), the Engineering Academy of Japan (EAJ), and the Japan Scienceand Technology Corporation (JST), this exciting and unique meeting included presentations and discussion of leading-edgeresearch and technical work in four areas: earthquake engineering, ceramics, manufacturing, and biotechnology. The primarypurpose of this book is to convey something about the content of the meeting through abstracts of the presentations and othermeeting materials reprinted herein, as well as to inform the reader about the underpinning philosophy of the Frontiers ofEngineering program.DTICConferences; Engineers; Engineering

20010104658 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USACharacterization of Heat Recovery Wheels in Thermally Regenerated Desiccant Systems Utilizing Evaporative CoolingSand, J. R.; Jalalzadeh-Azar, A. A.; Vineyard, E. A.; Aug. 20, 2000; 8p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771556; P00-107179; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

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The dynamics of thermal regeneration via a rotating wheel coupled with evaporative cooling in a gas-fired, desiccant,dehumidification system are explored in relation to system efficiency and capacity. Implementation of these features reduces thesensible cooling load of the supply air, but also diminishes the dehumidification (latent) capacity of the system due to moisturetransfer to the dehumidified air. The conflicting nature of these attributes necessitates examination of the system performanceparameters with respect to the rotational speed of the thermal recovery wheel and the effect of the evaporative cooling.NTISDesiccants; Evaporative Cooling; Dehumidification; Waste Energy Utilization

20010105265 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USANew Technology in Metalworking Fluids and Grinding Wheels Achieves Tenfold Improvements in Grinding PerformanceKruegar, M. K.; Yoou, S. C.; Gong, D.; McSpadden, S. B.; Ourke, L. J.; Jun. 07, 2000; 15p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771407; P00-108719; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Metal manufacturing industries have a growing interest in finding economical ways to improve grinding productivity, partquality, and production cost. Our study extensively investigated the effects of the types of grinding wheels, grinding fluids, andtheir different combinations on grinding ratio (G-ratio), specific energy (U), grinding efficiency (E), and surface roughness (Ra)of 52100 steel ground parts for a wide range of specific material removal rates. As a result of this study the following findingswere made: The specific material removal rate (Q) can be increased by more than 100% by using sol-gel wheel with metalworkingfluids containing a high concentration of extreme pressure (EP) lubricants, instead of conventional aluminum oxide wheels withnon-EP-containing fluids. The sol-gel grinding wheel generates an eight to ten times higher G-ratio than a traditional aluminumoxide wheel. Metalworking fluids with two levels of EP lubricants were compared with a fluid that did not contain EP lubricants.NTISMetal Working; Metal Grinding; Grinding Machines

20010105452 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAThermoacoustic Engines and Refrigerators: A Short CourseSwift, G. W.; Jan. 01, 1999; 179p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-756947; LA-UR-99-895; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

This is an introductory book, not a full review of the current status of the field of thermoacoustics. It is evolving from myMarch 1999 short course on this subject at the Berlin acoustics meeting. The hardware examples used here to illustrate theelementary principles are thermoacoustics apparatus developed at Los Alamos or with our close collaborators, and themathematical approach to the gas dynamics and power flows closely follows that pioneered by Nikolaus Rott. (Time pressureinduces me to stick with topics most familiar to me, and, indeed, the Los Alamos approach to thermacoustics has been quitesuccessful.) Many aspects of thermoacoustics will be introduced, in an attempt to help the reader acquire both an intuitiveunderstanding and the ability to design hardware, build it, and diagnose its performance.NTISThermoacoustic Effects; Engines; Thermoacoustic Refrigerators

20010105465 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USADelivering tons to the register: Energy efficient design and operation of residential cooling systemsSiegel, J.; Walker, I.; Sherman, M.; May 01, 2000; 12p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771801; LBNL-45315; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

The work presented in this paper shows how proper air conditioning equipment location, sizing, installation and operationcan improve performance, save on energy bills, and reduce peak demand. A residential heat and mass transfer model, REGCAP,was used to determine the effect of several parameters on energy consumption, peak electrical demand and air conditionerperformance. These parameters included placing the entire air conditioning system within the insulated envelope of the house,reducing air conditioner capacity, correct installation (refrigerant charge and evaporator airflow) and alternative operatingstrategies (thermostat setback versus constant thermostat set point). Our results indicate that a properly sized and installed air

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conditioner has either equivalent or improved performance compared to an oversized poorly installed air conditioner that is typicalof residential construction. This paper examines a recent innovation in bringing the HVAC system inside the thermal and airleakage envelope by locating the system in a cathedralized attic that is insulated and sealed at the roofline and is well connectedto the house. Both field measurements and simulation results show that houses with ducts located in cathedralized attics havedramatically increased cooling performance and lower energy consumption than houses with ducts in conventional attics.However, the marginal benefit of improving an air conditioning system once it is in a cathedralized attic is small: the largest partof energy savings come from insulating and sealing the attic.NTISAir Conditioning; Energy Conservation; Cooling Systems; Design Analysis; Space Heating (Buildings); Air ConditioningEquipment

32COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR

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20010099203 Civil Aeromedical Inst., Civil Aeromedical Inst., Oklahoma City, OK USAData-Linked Pilot Reply Time On Controller Workload and Communication in a Simulated Terminal Option FinalReportPrinzo, O. V., Civil Aeromedical Inst., USA; May 2001; 21p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): AM-B-98-HRR-516Report No.(s): AD-A391932; DOT/FAA/AM-01/8; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

This report describes an analysis of air traffic control communication and workload in a simulated terminal radar approachcontrol environment. The objective of this study was to investigate how pilot-to-controller data-link acknowledgment time mightaffect controller-perceived workload and operational communication. Eight controllers provided air traffic services to simulatedarrival aircraft during a moderate-traffic density simulation in which voice radio and data link communications were available.The effect of a delay in downlinked pilot acknowledgment time to controller uplinked messages was the primary variable ofinterest. Each controller completed the same scenario twice, with the order of presentation counterbalanced. That is, for the firstsimulation, half the controllers received immediate responses to their data link messages while the other half received pilotacknowledgment time delayed by about 11 seconds. The primary finding was a general, albeit not statistically significant,tendency among controllers towards an increase in subjective workload overall and on individual dimensions of the NASA TaskLoad Index when the simulation environment supported mixed, rather than immediate pilot responses. The analysis performedon communication measures revealed that controller workload was affected by the communications capability onboard the aircraftbut not ghost pilot response type (immediate, delayed). Transmissions to data link-equipped aircraft took longer to complete andcontained longer pauses than transmissions to non-data linked aircraft. The mode of communications selected by controllers alsoinfluenced workload but ghost pilot response type did not.DTICPilots; Data Links; Downlinking; Radio Communication

20010099204 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAAn Objective Evaluation of Four SAR Image Segmentation AlgorithmsGregga, Jason B ., Air Force Inst. of Tech., USA; Mar. 20, 2001; 123p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391936; AFIT/GE/ENG/01M-12; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Because of the large number of SAR images the Air Force generates and the dwindling number of available human analysts,automated methods must be developed. A key step towards automated SAR image analysis is image segmentation. There are manysegmentation algorithms, but they have not been tested on a common set of images, and there are no standard test methods. Thisthesis evaluates four SAR image segmentation algorithms by running them on a common set of data and objectively comparingthem to each other and to human segmentors. This objective comparison uses a multi-metric a approach with a set of mastersegmentations as ground truth. The metric results are compared to a Human Threshold, which defines performance of human sementors compared to the master segmentations. Also, methods that use the multi-metrics to determine the best algorithm aredeveloped. These methods show that of the four algorithms, Statistical Curve Evolution produces the best segmentations;

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however, none of the algorithms are superior to human segmentors. Thus, with the Human Threshold and Statistical CurveEvolution as benchmarks, this thesis establishes a new and practical framework for testing SAR image segmentation algorithms.DTICAlgorithms; Synthetic Aperture Radar; Automatic Control; Image Analysis; Radar Imagery

20010099206 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Communications Div., Salisbury, AustraliaImplementation of Call Activity Detection for ATM Voice Services in Project ParakeetBlair, W. D.; Reynolds, A. B.; Mar. 2001; 38p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392271; DSTO-TR-1149; DODA-AR-011-861; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) has been introduced into the land tactical communications system (specifically theParakeet system) and offers the potential for increasing the effectiveness of the communications trunks by dynamically sharingthe capacity between competing demands. Such a capability has been limited in respect of the trunks between the Parakeet circuitswitches since Parakeet uses military standard protocols that do not integrate easily with the civil standard ATM. The ParakeetAdaptive Rate ATM Trunk (PARAT) was conceived to overcome this interface problem. The PARAT offers substantiallyimproved data communications performance where lulls in voice usage can be exploited by data services sharing the ATM link.This report describes PARAT, in particular the mechanism to identify the moment-to-moment capacity requirements of theParakeet inter-switch trunk and the method of carrying the variable bit rate stream over ATM.DTICAsynchronous Transfer Mode; Data Transmission

20010099214 Emergent Information Technologies-East, Vienna, VA USACapturing the Effects of C4I in a Campaign Context: A Practical Approach to Calibrating Analytical Simulations FinalReport, Jun. 1999 - Dec. 2000Jablunovsky, Gregory, Emergent Information Technologies-East, USA; Morgan, Garth, Emergent InformationTechnologies-East, USA; Barger, Millard, Emergent Information Technologies-East, USA; Krupp, Joseph, EmergentInformation Technologies-East, USA; Southan, Glenn, Emergent Information Technologies-East, USA; June 2001; 37p; InEnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-99-C-0053; AF Proj. 459SReport No.(s): AD-A393034; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2001-115; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

The Air Force modeling and simulation community needs improved capabilities for measuring the effectiveness of commandand control (C2) networks and processes in campaign-level analyses. A major modeling problem is capturing complexrelationships between C2 network states and performance in a manner that is both traceable to empirical evidence and availablein the timeframe required by an analytical simulation. Neural network technology offers a model abstraction technique with thepotential to meet these criteria. Here campaign-level cause and effect relationships are captured using a custom neural networkto help determine the effects of C2 network states on military operations. This neural network sub-model was then integrated intothe Air Force 5 THUNDER simulation as a proof-of-concept. The resulting simulation showed sensitivity to state changes asprovided by the neural network. In contrast to other C2 abstraction techniques, this neural network implementation was morecredible because its values were directly derived from, and therefore more clearly traceable to, source data.DTICNeural Nets; Calibrating; Numerical Analysis; Computerized Simulation; Command and Control

20010099428 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Information Technology Div., Salisbury, AustraliaAspects of Command and Control System Vulnerability AnalysisWarren, Lewis; Mar. 2001; 30p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392274; DSTO-TR-1123; DODA-AR-011-807; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

This report describes several different approaches to Command and Control System vulnerability analysis. The focus is onpractical heuristics that can be used without a significant loss of accuracy. Topics covered are qualitative criticality evaluation ofC2 nodes, identification of degradation sources, and dependability evaluation of digital C2 support systems. The use of thepossibility measure for data with higher-order uncertainty forms is discussed, and dependability results using the possibilitymeasure are contrasted with those of probabilistic methods.DTICCommand and Control; Heuristic Methods; Digital Systems

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20010099430 NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York, NY USADetermination of Top-of-Atmosphere Longwave Radiative Fluxes: A Comparison Between Two Approaches UsingScaRaB DataChen, Ting, NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, USA; Rossow, William B., NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, USA;Jul. 01, 2001; 55p; In EnglishReport No.(s): GCN-01-35; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Two conceptually different approaches (broadband-based ERBE and narrowband-based ISCCP approaches), used to derivethe TOA longwave radiative fluxes, are compared using the ScaRaB simultaneous narrowband and broadband measurements.This study directly shows that the ERBE MLE-derived cloud covers implicitly contain some information on the cloud opticalproperties. A spurious view-zenith-angle dependence of the MLE scene identification scheme is confirmed by this study. Exceptfor very thin cirrus clouds, differences between the ERBE and ISCCP approaches are in general is less than 10 W/sq m for theTOA LW radiative fluxes. For clear pixels, the model calculated (ISCCP approach) TOA LW radiances are systematically smallerthan the observations. Though the bias is found to be correlated on the column precipitable water amount, the exact source of thisdiscrepancy remains undetermined and merits further study. Compared with the radiative transfer model used in this study, theERBE LW ADMs are too weakly limb-darkened for optically thin clouds, but too strongly limb-darkened for optically thickclouds, indicating that more accurate instantaneous TOA LW flux estimations from the ERBE approach would require additionalcloud classes based on cloud height and optical thickness.AuthorRadiative Transfer; Cloud Height Indicators; Broadband; Climatology; Cloud Physics; Clouds (Meteorology); Narrowband

20010099583 Army Communications-Electronics Command, Fort Monmouth, NJ USAArmy Communications Science & Technology for the Objective ForceFiuza, Antonio; Jun. 20, 2001; 18p; In English; Proceedings from Armaments for the Army Transformation Conference, 18-20June 2001 sponsored by NDIA. Contains viewgraphs only.Report No.(s): AD-A393748; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

These viewgraphs contain information on Army communications in science and technology and development philosophy.DTICResearch and Development; Command and Control; Communication; Technology Assessment; Armed Forces (USA)

20010099589 Chicago Univ., Chicago, IL USADeveloping an Automated Preoperative Assessment Final ReportMingay, D. J., Chicago Univ., USA; Sep. 29, 2000; 32p; In EnglishReport No.(s): PB2001-107595; AHRQ/2001-70; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

The project sought to identify methods of improving the completion rate, reporting accuracy, and patient satisfaction, whenan interactive voice response (IVR) system was used to administer a preoperative voice response (IVR) system was to administera preoperative questionnaire to patients. After a literature review of the used if IVR systems to administer questionnaires, fiveexperiments were conducted. Experiment 1 sought to determine which keys on the telephone keypad were most appropriate.Experiment 2 examined subject’s knowledge of the names of the keys 0, (star) and (number sign) to determine whether, when usingthese keys, it is only necessary to name them. Experiment 3 used focus groups to explore patients’ experience with taking IVRHealthQuiz to identify methods of improving task performance and satisfaction. In Experiment 4 patients who did not take IVRHealthQuiz were debriefed to determine the reasons. Experiment 5 examined two alternative methods for providing the instrumentto patients to determine which lead to the highest completion rate.NTISProcedures; Human Performance; Symbols; Surgical Instruments

20010099682 PAMAM-Human Factors Engineering (1989) Ltd., Hod Hasharon, IsraelContent Validity Requirements for Simulated Sensor Imagery Final Report, Jan. - Sep. 2000Brickner, Michael S.; Oettinger, Ayelet; Sep. 2000; 62p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-99-W-E085Report No.(s): AD-A393014; EOARD-SPC-99-4085; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report results from a contract tasking PAMAM as follows: The contractor will plan, design, conduct, analyze and reporton human effectiveness studies directed at establishing the dimensions of fidelity for employing simulated, multi-sensor imagery

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in support of target acquisition tasks. Simulated imagery will be compared against actual sensor imagery of equivalent imagequality and resolution.DTICSynthetic Aperture Radar; FLIR Detectors; Simulation; Images; Image Processing; Target Acquisition; Imagery

20010099693 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Surveillance Systems Div., Salisbury, AustraliaThe Spectrum of Electromagnetic Scatter from an Ensemble of Bodies with Angular Periodicity, as a Model for Jet EngineModulationCashman, John; Mar. 2001; 59p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392294; DSTO-GD-0272; DODA-AR-011-713; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

A rotating ensemble of bodies of arbitrary shape with angular periodicity scatters an electromagnetic wave to produce aspectrum of frequency components characteristic of the structure and its rotation. The spectrum and its properties are predictedthrough electromagnetic field theory. The theory has been developed such as to exploit the angular periodicity and therefore reducethe computational load by a large factor. A consequence of the approach is that the spectrum is found directly. Many of thepredictions have been confirmed by direct computation of the scattered field for a series of rotational positions to simulate a timeseries, followed by a discrete Fourier transforming to produce the spectrum.DTICElectromagnetic Fields; Radar Cross Sections; Electromagnetism; Time Series Analysis; Periodic Variations

20010100106 Telecommunications Research Inst., Warsaw, PolandFundamentals of Bistatic Radar Polarimetry Using the Poincare Sphere Transformations Final Report, May 2000 - Jun.2001Czyz, Zbigniew H.; Jun. 01, 2001; 247p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-00-1-0620; Proj. 00PR06427-00; Proj. 01PR07224Report No.(s): AD-A393299; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

The polarization phasor approach has been applied to the theory of radar polarimetry. It is based on introduction of twomutually conjugate 2-dim. complex spaces of the polarization and phase (PP) vectors and on application of the matrix calculusto the transmission equations when using the exactly defined PP bases. The PP vectors of waves and antennas, including their PPbasis vectors, are considered as phasors tangent to the polarization sphere. Owing to that approach simple canonical forms ofbistatic scattering matrices and their Poincare sphere geometrical models have been obtained. It has been shown how such models,demonstrating the way of polarization and phase transformation when scattering, may be useful in various practical applicationslike target recognition and classification by extraction from scattering matrices parameters independent of the polarization basis.They enable also polarimetric analysis of microwave networks and can be used to synthesize scattering or propagation matricesof desired polarimetric properties.DTICPolarimetry; Poincare Spheres; Multistatic Radar; Phase Transformations; Polarization (Waves)

20010100238 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USACharacterization and Validation of the GP-3 Experimental Radar SystemCrossley, Benjamin L., Air Force Inst. of Tech., USA; March 2001; 90p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391892; AFIT/GE/ENG/01M-06; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The experimental GP-3 radar system was originally designed and built under contract for the Air Force Research Laboratory(AFRL). AFRL sought AFIT’s support in characterizing theDTICRadar Equipment; Proving; Superhigh Frequencies; Experimentation; Design Analysis

20010100392 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAMeasurement of Attenuation with Airborne and Ground-Based Radar in Convective Storms Over Land and ItsMicrophysical ImplicationsTian, Lin, Maryland Univ. Baltimore County, USA; Heymsfield, G. M., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Srivastava,R. C., Chicago Univ., USA; [2001]; 57p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-4777; RTOP 621-15-46; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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Observations by the airborne X-band Doppler radar (EDOP) and the NCAR S-band polarimetric (S-POL) radar from twofield experiments are used to evaluate the Surface ref’ercnce technique (SRT) for measuring the path integrated attenuation (PIA)and to study attenuation in deep convective storms. The EDOP, flying at an altitude of 20 km, uses a nadir beam and a forwardpointing beam. It is found that over land, the surface scattering cross-section is highly variable at nadir incidence but relativelystable at forward incidence. It is concluded that measurement by the forward beam provides a viable technique for measuring PIAusing the SRT. Vertical profiles of peak attenuation coefficient are derived in vxo deep convective storms by the dual-wavelengthmethod. Using the measured Doppler velocity, the reflectivities at. the two wavelengths, the differential reflectivity and theestimated attenuation coefficients, it is shown that: supercooled drops and dry ice particles probably co-existed above the meltinglevel in regions of updraft, that water-coated partially melted ice particles probably contributed to high attenuation below themelting level, and that the data are not readil~ explained in terms of a gamma function raindrop size distribution.AuthorDoppler Radar; Attenuation Coefficients; Meteorological Radar; Storms (Meteorology); Beams (Radiation)

20010100505 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USAElectronic Warfare: The Army Can Reduce Its Risks in Developing New Radar Countermeasures SystemApril 2001; 20p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A389251; GAO-01-448; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

The Army is in the process of acquiring a new, state-of-the-art radar countermeasures system called the Suite of IntegratedRadio Frequency Countermeasures to enable its helicopters and other aircraft to identify, track, and defeat radar-guided missilesin complex electronic environments where many radar systems could be operating simultaneously. Customers for the systeminclude the Army’s Apache helicopter and the Air Force’s Special Operations CV-22 tilt-rotor aircraft. When the Army begandeveloping the new system in 1994, low-rate initial production was originally scheduled to begin in 1999 and full-rate productionin 2001. In 1999, the Army restructured the program to provide more time and money for serious developmental problemsuncovered during testing. The Army has delayed the low-rate initial production decision to 2002 and the full-rate productiondecision to 2003. The system’s overall development cost has increased from $54 million to a projected $127 million. Because ofthe developmental problems with the new radar countermeasures system, we reviewed the Army’s acquisition program todetermine whether it will provide decision-makers with sufficient knowledge about the system’s readiness to begin low-rate initialproduction.DTICCountermeasures; Electronic Warfare; Operational Problems

20010101028 Mississippi Univ., Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University, MS USAAnalysis of Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antennas Excited through a Slot over a Finite Ground PlaneShin, Joon; Kishk, Ahmed A.; Glisson, Allen W.; Jan. 2000; 5p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-0308Report No.(s): AD-A392106; ARO-37823.3-EL-DPS; ISBN 0-7803-6369-8; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

Recently, the Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) radiating element has been the subject of considerable interest due to itssmall size and high efficiency. The rigorous analysis of DRA elements, however, has been largely restricted to rotationallysymmetric shapes. Other shapes have been analyzed, however, often based on an infinite ground plane assumption which restrictsthe use of the DRA as a single element for some applications that require finite size ground plane. Various numerical techniqueshave been used in the analysis of the DRA. The spherical mode expansion was used to analyze a hemispherical DRA. The SurfaceIntegral Equation with the Method of Moments (SIE/MoM) has been used to analyze a rotationally symmetric DRA. The modalexpansion method with some approximation was used in to analyze the rectangular DRA, and the Finite Difference Time Domain(FDTD) method has been used to analyze a rectangular DRA and cylindrical DRA with a staircased cell approximation. Here therectangular DRA is considered over a finite ground plane with a microstrip slot excitation. The SIE/MoM is used with the RWGtriangle basis function expansion. Using the triangle basis functions allows modeling of arbitrarily shaped objects. Also, the FDTDmethod is used to analyze the same problem for the purpose of verifying both methods. The effect of the ground plane size andthe dielectric substrate truncation is studied.DTICDielectrics; Resonators; Antenna Radiation Patterns; Numerical Analysis; Shapes; Method of Moments

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20010101035 New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM USARadar and Infrared Sensors for Landmine Detection Final Report, 31 Mar. 2000-31 Jul. 2001Borchers, Brian, New Mexico Inst. of Mining and Technology, USA; Jun. 30, 2001; 3p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0117Report No.(s): AD-A392419; ARO-40730.3-EV-RIP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

In this project, sensors for land mine detection research were purchased. The sensors included a ground penetrating radarsystem operating at 1200 Mhz, as well as a long wave IR camera. A weather station and time domain reflectometry system formonitoring soil water content were also purchased. The sensors have been used in support of an ongoing research program inmodeling soil physical properties and their effect on the performance IR and GPR sensors for landmine detection. Data from theIR camera and GPR system, in conjunction with soil water content measurements have been used to help validate theoreticalmodels of the performance of the IR and GPR sensors for landmine detection. The IR camera and GPR system have also beenmounted on a mobile robot. This robot is under development within the electrical engineering department at New Mexico Tech.DTICMine Detectors; Infrared Detectors; Ground Penetrating Radar; Weather Stations; Soil Science; Moisture Content; Robots;Mines (Ordnance); Radar Tracking

20010101158 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USAComplexity at the Battle of Midway: Implications for Network-Centric Warfare Final ReportLogan, Charles J.; May 18, 2001; 23p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393506; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The lessons of the battle of Midway are relevant to the U.S. Navy’s effort to implement network-centric warfare. Japaneseforces at the battle were superior to those of the USA both in number and quality. Both forces employed the same technology andsimilar tactics. The margin of U.S. victory was superior intelligence, and command and control that relied on the initiative ofsubordinates to self-organize to defeat the enemy. U.S. execution of the Midway battle plan exemplified the tenets of sharedawareness, speed of command, and self-synchronization to meet the commander’s intent that will underpin the network-centricNavy. The U.S. Navy must adapt its concept of command and control to realize fully the benefits of network-centric operations.Navy doctrine should more explicitly recognize that its fighting forces are a complex adaptive system and command them as such.Control should become less rather than more centralized as the result of more information. The commander’s intent will becomeeven more important as subordinate levels of command gain more information and power to influence the battle. The principlesof war, particularly simplicity, will retain their importance in the network-centric environment.DTICCommand and Control; Complex Systems; Warfare

20010102926 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USAJoint Airborne Communication Electronic Attack Final ReportBergman, Robert G.; May 18, 2001; 16p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393532; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Communications Electronic Attack from the air is a vital mission that, to be successful, requires an immense amount ofcoordination at the operational and tactical level. Great gains have been made in recent years in the area of tactical coordinationbetween Air Force and Navy collection and jamming platforms. At the operational level, however, there is no doctrine governingorganizing, planning, or executing this mission. The JFC is generally forced into throwing together some folks to worry aboutthe finer details. As is usually the case, the mission gets done, but theDTICAircraft Communication; Airborne Equipment; Jamming; Intelligence

20010103074 Air Univ., School of Advanced Airpower Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL USAAdaptive Command and Control of Theater Air PowerGerber, David K.; Jun. 1997; 200p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391859; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

The Air Force doctrinally advocates centralized command and control with decentralized execution as the best means toconcentrate force on any facet of an enemy’s power. Although there are historical examples of effective command and controlthat has been less centralized, Air Force views decentralization as the cause of inefficient and suboptimal use of air power. Trendsin modern business, government, economics, science, and computer and communications systems suggest that it is appropriateto develop predominantly decentralized command and control methods to enhance the current doctrine. This study constructs a

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decentralized vision of command and control which, together with current centralized methods, provides theater air commanderswith a full spectrum of options. Two broad-based tools assist the development of the expanded spectrum of command and controloptions. First, this study develops a conceptual framework describes eight interconnected subject areas to consider in describinga command and control system. Second, this study describes the new science of complexity theory which providesinterdisciplinary viewpoints to assess and enhance the adaptability and responsiveness of command and control. Juxtaposing theconceptual framework and complexity theory shows numerous intuitive connections between the two tools. Using the conceptualframework, the study describes the current archetype of centralized command and control through an organization built arounda theater air operations center. Then, using complexity theory and other related sources, the study constructs a predominantlydecentralized command and control system characterized by a networked hierarchical organization.DTICAdaptive Control; Command and Control; Interprocessor Communication

20010103251 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USAA Stacked Analog-to-Digital Converter for Increased Radar Signal Processor Dynamic Range Interim Report, 1 Oct.1999-30 Sep. 2000Gregers-Hansen, Vilhelm; Brockett, Steven M.; Cahill, Patrick E.; Cheung, Win-Jou; Jun. 05, 2001; 29p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N0002401WRA0256Report No.(s): AD-A391707; NRL/FR/5306--01-9981; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The need for increased dynamic range at the input to the radar digital signal processor has increased steadily over the lastdecade or so. This has been the result of lower expected radar cross sections, the need for better clutter suppression, and the desireto operate without sensitivity time control (STC) in some radar applications. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is the mostsignificant bottleneck in achieving this needed dynamic range performance. In this report, an approach for improving effectivedynamic range using multiple ADCs is described. The ADCs are arranged in parallel channels with different gains and theapproach is referred to as a ”Stacked Analog-to-Digital Convener,” or ”Stacked ADC,” in this report. Detailed results arepresented for an experimental system assembled to demonstrate and evaluate the concept.DTICAnalog to Digital Converters; Dynamic Range; Digital Systems; Radar Range; Radar Cross Sections; Signal Processing

20010103561 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAAnalysis of M-JPEG Video Over an ATM NetworkKinney, Albert C.; Jun. 2001; 105p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392117; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

With the emergence of a network-centric philosophy of military operations, the behavior of video applications overresource-constrained information networks is of increasing interest in the development of future naval information systems. Thisthesis analyzes the impact of compression, delay variance, and channel noise on perceived networked video quality usingcommercially available off-the-shelf equipment and software. An experimental setup for packet video is developed forquantitative and qualitative analysis of Motion JPEG video transmitted over a constrained Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)network. Bandwidth profile analysis for various types of video points out the impracticality of ATM bandwidth and cell delaymanagement algorithms for mainstream video applications, such as entertainment and distance learning. Additionally, functionallimitations of individual system components are identified for consideration in the planning of future experimental work.DTICAsynchronous Transfer Mode; Video Signals; Computer Programs; Information Systems; Military Operations

20010103568 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USALocalization of Wireless Communication Emitters Using Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) Methods in Noisy ChannelsMantis, Spiros D.; Jun. 2001; 115p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392075; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The ability to provide position information of wireless emitters comprises a very important communication tool and hasextremely valuable applications to military as well as civilian life. GSM is the most popular method of modulation adopted aroundthe world, for mobile telephony. This thesis is focused on the Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) estimation, applied to GSMsignals, in noisy channels. Improvements in denoising, in conjunction with wavelet processing, are proposed for estimating theTDOA of signals received at two spatially separated sensors. Wavelet denoising based on a modified maximum likelihood methodand a higher order moment method is proposed, to improve the performance. A numerical evaluation of the methods, whenunequal SNR conditions prevail, is presented. The performance of the proposed denoising methods in a jamming environment

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is also addressed. Simple excision schemes to improve the performance when jamming is present, are evaluated. Simulationresults indicate good performance of the methods and improved estimates relative to the ones obtained using no denoising.Jamming presence degrades the performance but still the extracted estimates are improved.DTICMaximum Likelihood Estimates; Emitters; Method of Moments; Wireless Communication; Time Response

20010103785 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Weapons Systems Div., Fishermans Bend, AustraliaAn Experimental and Numerical Study of IR Emission from a Porous Radiant BurnerChristo, Farid C.; Krishnamoorthy, Lakshmanan V.; May 2001; 43p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393145; DSTO-TR-1154; DODA-AR-011-870; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

An experimental analysis and computational modelling of thermal radiation from an INCONEL601 wire-mesh porous burnerhas been conducted. It has been found that within a bandwidth between 2 micrometers and 20 micrometers, the infrared radiationin the 2-5 micrometers waveband is the dominant band. Optimal operating conditions, as determined by the surface temperatureand radiant intensity, are a function of the equivalence ratio and the firing rate. The location of the flame front is also influencedby these parameters. For fuel-rich mixtures the flame is usually located above the surface and the flame stability is sensitive toexternal perturbations. A maximum surface temperature of approximately 1223K, and a radiation intensity of 50 W/SR, has beenmeasured. It has also been shown that INCONEL601, despite its high emissivity, can be used as an effective radiation shield. byplacing a piece of the wire-mesh in front of burning MTV pyrotechnic composition, the infrared radiation was significantlyreduced. The equivalent black body temperature of MTV was cut from 1900 deg C without a shield to 1400 deg C with a shieldadjacent to the mixture. A comparison between the ChemRad model predictions and measured surface temperature for variousequivalence ratios has shown a reasonable agreement with a maximum discrepancy of 16% for fuel-rich mixtures. However,within optimal operating conditions of the burner (equivalence ratio 0.8-1) a maximum difference of 8% has been observed.Accounting for the variability in the measurements, the number of simplifying assumptions and the uncertainty in some valuesof the physical and optical properties, the accuracy and consistence of the model, as a first-order approximation is acceptable.DTICInfrared Radiation; Porous Materials; Radiant Flux Density; Numerical Analysis; Emissivity

20010103789 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAShipboard Wireless Network ApplicationsLy, Tung T.; Jun. 2001; 125p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392074; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Recently, the need to leverage technologies for better utilizing valuable personnel resources has become more importantWireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) have been shown to be an enabling technology that allows companies in commercialindustry to become more productive Research has been conducted at the Naval Postgraduate School to determine how thistechnology can be utilized to help the Navy perform shipboard operations more efficiently. Continuing the work of previous thesesat NPS, the objective of this thesis is threefold, First, WLAN standards are examined, Second, laboratory tests are conducted todetermine the performance of WLANs in which access points are configured as radio repeaters. Finally, a web-based applicationis developed for shipboard gage calibrations. The application automates major portion of gage calibration process by allowingtechnicians to submit and to view the calibration results using a web browser through wired or wireless LANs. Testing results showthat the access points from certain vendors are able to operate as radio repeaters and still provide adequate performed repeaterfunctionality is not specified in IEEE 801.11 standards, and its implementation is vendor specific. Demonstration of the web-basedgage calibration application shows that it is effective in improving calibration efficiency.DTICLocal Area Networks; Technology Assessment; Ships; Communication Networks

20010104058 Advanced Simulation Technology, Inc., Herndon, VA USAThree-Dimensional Audio in the Vetronics Technology TestbedEuerle, Steve, Advanced Simulation Technology, Inc., USA; May 31, 2001; 15p; In English; Proceedings from 2001 VehicleTechnologies Symposium - Intelligent Systems for the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001, USAReport No.(s): AD-A393830; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May 2001, sponsored by the National DefenseIndustrial Association.DTICConferences; Three Dimensional Models; Audio Data; Military Vehicles

20010104070 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Lab. for Information and Decision Systems, Cambridge, MA USAEnvironments for Modeling and Simulation of Complex Systems Final Report, 17 Jun. 1996 - 18 Jun. 1997Mitter, Sanjoy K.; Jun. 13, 1998; 5p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-96-1-0272Report No.(s): AD-A393494; ARO-36129.1-MA-RIP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Funds allocated has been used to acquire equipment to support research on the following themes: (1) Research on PerceptualSystems especially Image Analysis and vision and the Integration of Language and Vision. (2) Increasingly systems are being builtwhich consist or networks of communication. control and computational systems and which interact with the physical worldthrough networks of sensors end actuators. The equipment is being used to support computational work related to this research.DTICComplex Systems; Communication Networks; Computerized Simulation; Image Analysis; Mathematical Models

20010104652 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAImpact of Communication Protocol on PerformancesWorley, P. H.; Jun. 15, 1998; 12p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771544; P00-105919; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

On previous generation MPP systems, interprocessor communication often represented a significant fraction of the runtimeof production parallel codes, and often represented a significant fraction of the runtime of production parallel codes, and the choiceof communication transport layer and communication protocol were important steps in porting and tuning application codes.Processor, network, and transport layer performance continue to improve, and the sensitivity of performance to theseimplementation issues needs to be reexamined.NTISInterprocessor Communication; Selection; Tuning

20010104672 RAND Corp., Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USAFreeing Mercury Wings: Improving Tactical Communications in CitiesEdwards, Sean J.; Jan. 2001; 80p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-01-C-0003Report No.(s): AD-A393720; RAND/MR-1316-A; ISBN 0-8330-3005-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

The objective of this monograph is to highlight ways to improve command, control, and communications in military urbanoperations. In particular, this research should be of interest to those concerned about communication problems facing dismountedinfantrymen in urban environments. The information cutoff date is September 17, 2000. This research was conducted for a projecton Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain, sponsored by the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics, andTechnology). It was carried out in the Force Development and Technology Program of RAND Arroyo Center, a federally fundedresearch and development center sponsored by the USA Army.DTICRadiotelephones; Command and Control; Communication; Cities

20010104946 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAQuantum Cryptography for Secure Satellite CommunicationsHughes, R. J.; Buttler, W. T.; Jan. 01, 2000; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763258; LA-UR-00-78; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology in which two parties may simultaneously generate shared, secretcryptographic key material using the transmission of quantum states of light. The security of these transmissions is based on theinviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics and information-theoretically secure post-processing methods. An adversary can

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neither successfully tap the quantum transmissions, nor evade detection, owing to Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. In this paperwe have demonstrated the feasibility of quantum key generation over a point-to-point outdoor atmospheric path in daylight.NTISCryptography; Computer Networks; Quantum Cryptography; Satellite Communication

20010105467 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAVirtual Bandwidth via Stochastic PolyspectraWolinsky, M.; Vixie, K.; Sep. 01, 2000; 10p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764173; LA-UR-00-4545; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory-Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at the Los AlamosNational Laboratory (LANL). The work funded by this grant addresses theoretical issues pertaining to potential applications ofhigher-order spectra (polyspectra) for communications and measurement. Although the sensitivity to additive Gaussian noiseprovided a motive for our interest in the bispectrum, the research done here focused on the ability of the bispectrum to see outsidethe Nyquist interval. The main contribution of this work is a new understanding of the everyday phenomenon of aliasing that isdescribed below. The second contribution this work makes is significant, though limited, progress in understanding the jointrealizability, conditions for spectra and bispectra. A third contribution, which arose in efforts to broaden our results on jointrealizability, is the awareness that a very common inequality, used to normalize the bispectrum, is invalid. This result hasconsiderable significance for the practical use of the bispectrum.NTISStochastic Processes; Bandwidth; Random Noise; Inequalities

33ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

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20010099514 Iowa Univ., Iowa City, IA USALasing and Electro-Optic Properties of Quantum-Confined Structures Grown on Novel Index Surfaces Final Report, 1Jul. 1998 - 30 Jun. 2001Smirl, Arthur L.; Jun. 2001; 149p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-0436Report No.(s): AD-A392436; ARO-38888.11-EL; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The broad objective on this project is to investigate the unique optical and optoelectronic properties of 110, 111 and112-oriented multiple quantum wells (MQW’s) and to study the ways in which strain and external optical fields can introducecrystallographic dependences to the optical properties of otherwise isotropic materials. Toward this end, we have demonstratedthat dual-channel spectral interferometric techniques can be used to measure the amplitude, phase and polarization state ofextremely weak ultrafast coherent emission from MQW’s. The vectorial dynamics of the coherent four-wave mixing emissionare found to exhibit systematic variations with excitation fluence, time delay between incident pulses, the tuning of the laserwavelength, and the orientation of the input polarizations. This time-dependent polarization state indicates that the pump pulseshave induced dynamic anisotropies in the sample. From these anisotropies, a self consistent picture of the excitonic and carrierdynamics is obtained that delineates the roles of the various many body effects. These studies demonstrate that time-resolvedpolarimetry is an extremely sensitive way to study many body effects and that the vectorial dynamics contain essential informationabout quantum interference and optical anisotropies that would be difficult to obtain in any other way. This should make thesetechniques extremely useful in probing strained MQW’s and semiconductors grown in unconventional directions, such asquantum dots. In addition, we are now using the coherent anisotropies and many body vectorial dynamics studied here to makehigh-speed high-contrast polarization sensitive modulators.DTICCrystallography; Quantum Wells; Optical Properties; Electro-Optics; Lasers; Lasing

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20010099580 Palisades Inst. for Research Services, Inc., Arlington, VA USATechnical Support and Advisory and Assistance Services (A&AS) for the Advisory Group on Electron Devices (AGED)and the Defense Science and Technology Reliance Final Report, 5 Feb. 1997-30 Sep. 2000Cohen, Elliot; Apr. 2001; 227p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-97-C-1007; AF Proj. 2202Report No.(s): AD-A393733; AFRL-SN-WP-TR-2001-1037; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

Palisades provided technical (scientific and economic) assessments of government industrial, and academic programs andmanagement/administrative recommendations for efforts related to electronics in support of the Advisory Group on ElectronDevices (AGED). This support included preparing a substantial amount of briefing material for use by the executive director ofAGED during technical area review and assessment (TARA) meetings.DTICTechnology Assessment; Programs; Electronic Equipment; Economic Analysis; Research Management

20010099585 Army Tank-Automotive Research and Development Command, Warren, MI USAVehicle Electronic ArchitecturePatel, Rakesh; May 30, 2001; 22p; In English; Proceedings from the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium - Intelligent Systemsfor the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001. Sponsored by NDIA. Viewgraphs only.Report No.(s): AD-A393764; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May, 2001, and sponsored by the National DefenseIndustrial Association (NDIA).DTICConferences; Military Technology; Surface Vehicles; Control Equipment

20010099874 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USAFrequency-Tunable Notch FilterRauscher, Christen, Inventor; Jun. 12, 2000; 27p; In EnglishPatent Info.: Filed 12 Jun. 2000; US-Patent-Appl-SN-09,874,429Report No.(s): AD-D019949; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity (Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)), Microfiche

A new type of frequency-tunable active notch filter achieves frequency selectivity through interaction among input derivedsignal components that are passed through parallel signal channels in a forward-only direction. The notch filter differs from earlierchannelized notch filters by using multiple, instead of just one, bandpass channels that maintain required forward signal flow inthe main, passband-determining signal path without signal distortion at passband frequencies. The new approach has beenexperimentally verified with a hybrid- integrated three-channel filter whose 40-dB-deep band-reject notch can be continuouslytuned, with the help of voltage-controlled variable-capacitance elements, from 9.5 to 10.5 GHz. A single-pole bandpass filter tunesin frequency with the help of only one variable capacitance element, yet still maintains constant passband width across the tuningspan. One feature of the bandpass filter is the achievement of constant notch bandwidth across the entire frequency-tuning spanof the notch filter.DTICPatent Applications; Bandstop Filters; Tunable Filters

20010099940 Army Research Lab., Sensors Directorate, Adelphi, MD USAAntenna Transient Compensation Final ReportTesny, N.; Litz, M.; Dilks, L.; Conrad, D.; Jul. 2001; 52p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393693; ARL-TR-2229; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

An automated method has been implemented in MATLAB(registered) to compensate for signal dispersion in antennastructures. We have explored postprocessing techniques that involve frequency transforms and deconvolution. The method hasbeen applied to transient signals measured from a variety of different antennas and impulse sources. The technique has provedto be a valuable tool in reconstructing fast transient signals with inexpensive high-gain log-periodic antennas instead of moreexpensive, high fidelity wideband horns.DTICFrequency Division Multiplexing; Log Periodic Antennas; Antenna Components; Antenna Arrays; Frequencies

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20010099942 Michigan Univ., Dearborn, MI USAThe Vetronics InstituteRichardson, Paul; May 29, 2001; 9p; In English; Proceedings from the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium - IntelligentSystems for the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001. Sponsored by NDIA. Viewgraphs only.Report No.(s): AD-A393765; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May, 2001, and sponsored by the National DefenseIndustrial Association.DTICConferences; Systems Integration; Military Vehicles; Systems Engineering

20010100114 Johannes Kepler Univ., Linz Austria10TH International Conference on Modulated Semiconductor StructuresJul. 2001; 378p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N68171-01-M-5939Report No.(s): AD-A393658; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A17, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

Collection of the abstracts from presentations given at the Tenth International Conference on Modulated SemiconductorStructures held at Johannes Kepler University, in Linz, Austria, 23-27 July 2001.DTICSolid State Lasers; Quantum Wells; Semiconductor Devices; Molecular Electronics; Nanotechnology

20010100130 Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD USAThe Use MEMS to Detect Vibrations Associated With Abnormal Scroll Compressor OperationRoman, Kenneth M.; May 03, 2000; 78p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A392408; USNA-276(2000); No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMs) are silicon microchips that have both electrical and mechanical components. Themechanical components convert mechanical signals to electrical signals for further processing. The application of MEMstechnology to compressors is being explored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the Copeland Corporation,a manufacturer of scroll compressors. This project investigates the use of MEMs to detect vibrations associated with abnormalscroll compressor operation. The mechanical component on the MEMs is a vibration sensitive micro-cantilever beam with anencapsulated piezoresistor. Results for circuit operability are presented and piezoresistive vibration sensitivities of various lengthcantilevers are determined. A model for the vibration sensitivity is developed using the dimensions and properties of thepiezoresistive cantilevers. A testing technique is developed that can be used to determine sensitivity for any cantilever geometry.The vibration sensitivity model and experimentation are used to identify the most sensitive cantilever design. The value of thepiezoresistive coefficient is shown to be 190. This study shows that sensitivity increases with beam length end frequency ofvibration. The best length cantilever is 1.6 mm. A shorter length may be acceptable if a built-on amplifier is used.DTICMicroelectromechanical Systems; Vibration Measurement; Compressors

20010100133 North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC USANovel SiC High Power IC Technology Final Report, 1 Apr. 1998-20 Jun. 2001Baliga, B. J.; Singh, P. R.; Sonkusale, S.; Venkateswaran, A.; Mehrotra, P.; Jun. 2001; 59p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-98-1-0534; Proj-5288Report No.(s): AD-A391275; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The devices used in the military need to be operated at high voltage, high temperature and high frequency. Silicon Carbideis an attractive material for the development of such devices. SiC has the critical field ten times higher than that of the silicon.This implies that lateral RESURF devices made in SIC can support the same breakdown voltage in a much smaller drift lengthas compared to the silicon devices. In our project we are using the concept of Lateral RESURF device to obtain diodes andMOSFETs having high breakdown and small specific on-resistance From the results of two dimensional numerical simulationson the RESURF devices. It was found that in RESURF diodes high breakdown voltage (>2000V) is possible for the RESURFdose of up to 2 x 10(exp 13)/sq cm, which is 1020 times higher than for silicon devices. Also in LATERAL RESURF MOSFETshigh breakdown voltage (>1800) was possible for RESURF dose of up to 1 x 10(exp 13)/sq cm, which is 5-10 times higher thanfor silicon MOSFETs. The specific on resistance of these devices was found to be less than 100 mohm-sq cm. The vertical channelstructure is more suitable for a power device because of higher device density and because of reduction in the electric fieldcrowding in the device. At the same time lateral devices offer simplicity in fabrication. to optimize a Power IC it will be good

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to have both, vertical and lateral devices. The vertical isolation layer is formed by creating deep level traps through ionimplantation of light neutral ions, such as hydrogen and helium. It is demonstrated that the 4H-SiC lateral N-channel MOSFETsand P-channel MOSFETs can be fabricated in the thin active SiC layer formed on top of a high resistivity isolation layer.DTICIntegrated Circuits; Silicon Carbides; Field Effect Transistors; Ion Implantation; Fabrication; Metal Oxide Semiconductors

20010100135 Aerospace Corp., Lab. Operations, El Segundo, CA USAContinuous-Wave 4.3-micrometers Intracavity Difference Frequency Generation in an Optical Parametric OscillatorChen, D. W.; Masters, K.; May 10, 2001; 6p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F04701-00-C-0009Report No.(s): AD-A391306; TR-2001(8555)-7; SMC/CA-TR-01-13; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

We have achieved 150 mW of cw output at 4.3 micrometers, using difference frequency mixing in a singly resonant opticalparametric oscillator (OPO). We pumped the OPO cavity, which contains periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN), with a 14-W1.06-micrometers Nd:YAG laser to generate a signal at 1.7 micrometers and an idler at 2.8 micrometers. Mixing of the two wavesat the same crystal temperature and grating spacing yielded emission in the mid IR. This technique avoids the mid-IRabsorption-high-threshold problem, which has limited the cw performance of PPLN OPOs at wavelengths beyond 4 micrometers.Provided that tunability is not required, this method is a simple alternative to multiple-crystal configurations.DTICLithium Niobates; Parametric Amplifiers; Oscillators; YAG Lasers; Solid State Lasers; Neodymium Lasers; ContinuousRadiation

20010100449 Army Tank-Automotive Research and Development Command, Warren, MI USACrewman’s Associate Advanced Technology Demonstrator BriefingKarjala, Melissa; May 30, 2001; 19p; In English; Proceedings from 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium - Intelligent Systemsfor the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001. Sponsored by NDIA. Presentation viewgraphs only.Report No.(s): AD-A393805; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May 2001, sponsored by the National DefenseIndustrial Association.DTICConferences; Systems Integration; Military Vehicles; Systems Engineering

20010100495 Etalon, Inc., San Francisco, CA USAAdvanced Interferometric Modulators for High Performance Reflective Flat Panel Displays Final Report, 10 Sep. 1998-15Aug-2000Miles, Mark W., Etalon, Inc., USA; Sep. 24, 2000; 9p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-C-0083Report No.(s): AD-A389098; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0265; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This project has focused on the development of several new additions to the class of devices known as InterferometricModulators or IMods. IMods are MEM structures which, by the incorporation of thin film stacks, utilize the phenomenon ofinterference to efficiently modulate light. The devices are being developed specifically for application to reflective Flat PanelDisplays, though many applications outside this area exist. Three new designs were considered based on their ability to provideimproved black and white, and color performance. Two of the designs were eliminated based on the complexity of their fabricationand fundamental processing issues. The third IMod design was evaluated via the fabrication of both static displays (black andwhite, and full-color) and of black and white test devices. The results were quite encouraging and their generation represents theconclusion of this effort.DTICInterferometry; Light Modulators

20010100502 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Gas Turbine Lab., Cambridge, MA USAMEMS-Based Control for Air-Breathing Propulsion Final Report, 15 Aug. 1997-31 Dec. 2001Tan, Choon S.; Breuer, Kenneth; Corke, Thomas; Bae, Jin-Woo; Bayt, Robert; March 2001; 132p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-97-1-0526Report No.(s): AD-A389628; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0320; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

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This document constitutes a final report on a research program entitled, ’MEMS-Based Control for Air-BreathingPropulsion’, The overall goal of the program was to demonstrate the active flow control in two areas that could result in improvedperformance of air-breathing propulsion technologies: tip leakage flows and external jet controlDTICActive Control; Leakage; Microelectromechanical Systems

20010100507 North Carolina Univ., Office of Research, Charlotte, NC USAOMRAM and ODSP Smart Pixel Chipset Development Final Report, 15 Jun. 1995-14 Sep. 1998Kiamilev, Fouad E., North Carolina Univ., USA; Feb. 20, 2001; 40p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-95-1-0425Report No.(s): AD-A389224; Rept-2975-95-0115; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0274; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy;A01, Microfiche

This research program focused on the development of optoelectronic interconnection networks that combine communicationand processing capabilities in network hardware to accelerate distributed computing applications. On the architecture front, wehave designed an optoelectronic hardware module that can be used as a building block of smart networks with application-specificperformance and cost requirements. A detailed technological comparison between the optoelectronic design and an equivalentadvanced electronic MCM implementation was carried out to assess the advantages provided by the optoelectronic solution. Theresults of our work are incorporated into a prototype optoelectronic switch currently being built at Bell Laboratories, a divisionof Lucent Technologies. On the hardware front, we have collaborated with Bell Laboratories to demonstrate a 2 kbit, 50 Mpage/s,photonic first-in, first-out page buffer based on CaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well diodes flip-chip bonded to sub-micronCMOS circuits. This photonic chip provided a number of breakthroughs in the area of optical interconnects, including: firstimplementation of a hybrid 850 nm GaAs MQW/CMOS VLSI circuit with modulators bonded directly on top of active siliconcircuits; first demonstration of a hybrid 850 nm GaAs MQW/CMOS transimpedance transmitter/receiver circuit operating at 375Mbis/sec with switching energy of is greater than >370 femto-joules; design and implementation of a high-density 2 kbit photonicfirst-in first-out page buffer circuit with optical input and output functionality; and measurement of ring oscillator circuits loadedwith hybrid MQW devices operating at 2 GHz.DTICOptical Switching; Packet Switching; Optoelectronic Devices

20010100941 Northwestern Univ., Center for Quantum Devices, Evanston, IL USAInvestigation of III-Nitride Alloys for Ultraviolet Photodetectors and Blue-Green Lasers Final Report, Jun 1998-May 2001Aug. 2001; 29p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-98-1-0490Report No.(s): AD-A393637; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This AASERT contract was intended to support one graduate and one undergraduate students for three years, with theobjective of conducting research work on the growth and characterization of wide bandgap GaN based semiconductors forultraviolet photodetectors and visible light emitters. The research was directed toward optimizing the metalorganic chemicalvapor deposition (MOCVD) growth and characterization of undoped, n-type and p-type doped wide bandgap GaN andAlxGa1-xN semiconductors, for x ranging from 0 to 1, on sapphire substrates. The optical and electrical properties of GaN grownusing two different organometallic precursors, TMGa and TEGa, have been compared. The fabrication and characterization ofGaN and GaN:Mg MSM photodetectors, with high speed and visible rejection is reported. GaN p-i-n photodiodes with a UV-to-visible rejection ratio of 6 orders of magnitude were demonstrated. The responsivity of these devices was analytically modeledand allowed the extraction of the minority carrier diffusion length for electrons in the p-type GaN material. Highly efficientAlxGa1-xN based visible blind and solar blind p-i-n photodiodes have been demonstrated which cover the widest spectral rangeever reported, form 225 to 362 nm. by varying the doping of the GaInN active layer in GaInN/GaN double heterostructures, blue(525 nm) and green (560 nm) light emitting diodes were demonstrated and characterized.DTICUltraviolet Detectors; Doped Crystals; Energy Gaps (Solid State); Semiconductors (Materials); Photometers

20010101088 Argonne National Lab., IL USANovel techniques for improving field dependence in Bi-2223 superconducting tapes at 77 KLelovic, M.; Koritala, R.; Balachandran, U.; Vo, N.; Selvamanickam, V.; Sep. 27, 2000; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-766301; ANL/ET/CP-102690; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

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This paper describes a new method to improve pinning in Bi(sub 2)SR(sub 2)Ca(sub 2)Cu(sub 3)O(sub y) (Bi-2223).Superconducting tapes fabricated by the powder-in-tube technique. In order to use Bi-2223 superconducting tapes for practicalapplications at liquid nitrogen temperatures, the critical current density (J(sub c)) must be as high as possible under an appliedmagnetic field. In this work, an attempt was made to increase pinning in Bi-2223 superconducting tapes by creating defects atthe interface between a Bi-2223 superconductor and an MgO single crystal. Reference samples showed decreased I(sub c) valuesin a 0.4T field applied perpendicular to the width of the tape to =4 to 7percent of the I(sub c) value in zero field. With improvedpinning, the I(sub c) value in the field decreased to 12 to 20 percent of the I(sub c) value in zero field. Results were compared within-field performance of high-quality coated YBa(sub 2)Cu(sub 3)O(sub y) (Y-123) tapes, which showed an in-field decrease to=30 percent of the I(sub c) value in zero field.NTISFabrication; Magnetic Fields; High Temperature Superconductors; Bismuth Compounds

20010101166 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA USANuclear Radiation-Induced Dimensional Changes in Borosilicate Glass SubstratesAllred, Clark L.; Aug. 10, 2001; 112p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393575; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

A study was made of radiation-induced dimensional changes in Pyrex(Registered) and Hoya SD-2(Registered) glasses. Theseglasses are used as substrates for MEMS devices employing silicon oscillating beams, and changes in substrate dimension cancompromise device performance. Silicon MEMS strain gauges mounted on glass substrates were exposed to gamma doses up to385 Mrad. The device-substrate differential strain thus measured corresponds to an expansion in the glass following a linear trendwith dose of about 5 (+/-4) x 10(exp -15) /rad and 4.5 (+/-0.2) x 10 (exp -14) /rad for Pyrex and Hoya SD-2, respectively. Separateglass samples were irradiated with a neutron fluence composed primarily of thermal neutrons, and a floatation technique wasemployed to measure the resulting density changes in the glasses alone. Transport of Ions in Matter (TRIM) calculations wereperformed to relate fast (1MeV) neutron atomic displacement damage to that from boron thermal neutron capture events, andmeasured density changes in the glass samples were thus proportionally attributed to thermal and fast neutron fluences. Maximumneutron fluences received by glass samples were estimated at 4 x l0(exp 16)n/sq cm thermal and 6 x 10(exp 14)n/sq cm fast. Theglasses irradiated with thermal neutrons were found to exhibit linear compaction at a rate of -2.8 x 10(exp -20) per n/sq cm forPyrex and -1.0 x 10(exp -21) per n/sq cm for Hoya SD-2. For fast neutron fluence, strain rate (per n/sq cm) was also linear: -6.1x 10(exp -21) for Pyrex and -7.9 x 10(exp -22) for Hoya SD-2. The gamma irradiation strain gauge results cannot be explainedby the radiation-induced compaction previously reported for Pyrex, and are thought to result from either changes in glass radiationresponse caused by the anodic bonding process used to make the MEMS strain gauges or from radiation-assisted creep of the straingauge anchors. The neutron irradiation results for Pyrex show good agreement with those of previous studies.DTICNuclear Radiation; Microelectromechanical Systems; Borosilicate Glass

20010101169 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USADesign and Testing of a Hydrogen Peroxide Microelectromechanical Systems ThrusterThomas, Michael A.; Dec. 20, 2000; 119p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393584; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques were used to build miniature thrusters from a silicon wafer,drastically reducing the size and volume from conventional techniques. These thrusters incorporate a catalyst within the waferand are therefore reusable. This project was the first known effort to develop catalytic MEMS thrusters. 85-90% hydrogenperoxide was studied and used as a monopropellant in the thruster design due to its safety advantages over other propellants andthe renewed interest in the scientific community. This research effort formulated concepts, performed analysis, and developedfabrication techniques to construct and test a prototype thruster in order to develop the proof-of-concept fundamentals needed fora MEMS monopropellant thruster.DTICMiniaturization; Microelectromechanical Systems; Catalysts

20010101178 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAA Hot-Stage Atomic Force Microscope for the Measurement of Plastic Deformation in Metallic Thin Films DuringThermal CyclingShultz, Thomas E.; Jun. 2001; 86p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393620; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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An Atomic Force Microscope is equipped with a hot-stage and a vacuum system in order to enable in-situ studies of plasticdeformation and interfacial sliding of thin metallic films on Si substrates during thermal cycling. The apparatus can reach sampletemperatures of 1OO deg C while maintaining optimum resolution. The system will allow future in-situ thermal cyclingexperiments on microelectronic devices in a protected environment to provide insight into the role of plastic deformation inmetallic thin films on the stability of future generations of device structures. The details of the design, along with the performancelimitations of the system are discussed. Preliminary results demonstrating the performance of the system at an elevatedtemperature are presented. Limited post-situ results from direct measurement of the plastic deformation of thin Cu films on Sisubstrates induced by thermal cycling are also presented, primarily with the objective of establishing the need for detailed in-situstudies. While artifacts such as permanent dimensional changes of the film are observed post-situ, a detailed mechanisticunderstanding of the interaction between the temperature-dependent stress state of the film and the resultant inelastic deformationwithin the film and at the interface can only be obtained through in-situ experiments.DTICMicroscopy; Microelectronics; Temperature Dependence; High Temperature; Stability

20010101183 Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI USAStochastic Error Modeling of Beamformer Output for Arrays with Directive Elements Final ReportWettergren, Thomas A.; Jul. 25, 2001; 39p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393627; NUWC-NPT-TR-11296; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The error analysis at a two-dimensional passive array (conformal or planar) with directive element responses is developed.The analysis is presented for failures (both compensated and noncompensated), element phase errors, and element amplitudeerrors. The combination of these various mechanisms and their effect on mean beam pattern power is given analytically. The reportconcludes with numerical examples of the errors, as well as with the analytical derivation of various physical error mechanismsin terms of amplitude and phase error. Although developed for conformal arrays of velocity sensors, the mathematical derivationsin the analysis are general enough to apply to a wide variety of passive arrays.DTICStochastic Processes; Error Analysis; Antenna Arrays; Beamforming

20010102680 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USALow Power Silicon Germanium Electronics for Microwave RadiometersDoiron, Terence A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 3p; In English; IEEE IGARSS, 9-13 Jul. 2001, Sydney,Australia; Sponsored by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, USAContract(s)/Grant(s): NRA-99-OES-07; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Space-based radiometric observations of key hydrological parameters (e.g., soil moisture) at the spatial and temporal scalesrequired in the post-2002 era face significant technological challenges. These measurements are based on relatively low frequencythermal microwave emission (at 1.4 GHz for soil moisture and salinity, 10 GHz and up for precipitation, and 19 and 37 GHz forsnow). The long wavelengths at these frequencies coupled with the high spatial and radiometric resolutions required by the variousglobal hydrology communities necessitate the use of very large apertures (e.g., greater than 20 m at 1.4 GHz) and highly integratedstable RF electronics on orbit. Radio-interferometric techniques such as Synthetic Thinned Array Radiometry (STAR), usingsilicon germanium (SiGe) low power radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC), is one of the most promising technologies toenable very large non-rotating apertures in space. STAR instruments are composed of arrays of small antenna/receiving elementsthat are arranged so that the collecting area is smaller than an equivalent real aperture system, allowing very high packing densitiesfor launch. A 20 meter aperture at L-band, for example, will require greater than 1000 of these receiving elements. SiGe RFIC’sreduce power consumption enough to make an array like this possible in the power-limited environment of space flight. Anoverview of the state-of-the-art will be given, and current work in the area of SiGe radiometer development for soil moistureremote sensing will be discussed.AuthorHydrology; Thermal Emission; Remote Sensing; Microwave Radiometers; Apertures; Antenna Components; Synthetic Arrays

20010102751 Battelle Memorial Inst., Electronics and Avionics Systems, Columbus, OH USAAdvanced Display Interface for Open System High Resolution Military and Commercial Applications Final Report, 23Sep. 1998 - 1 Apr. 2001Hermann, David J.; Perkins, Daniel A.; Jun. 2001; 110p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-98-C-6003; AF Proj. ARPHReport No.(s): AD-A393668; AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2001-0120; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

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Commercial display interfaces are transitioning from analog to digital format. Although this transition is in the early stages,the military needs to begin planning its own transition to digital. There are many problems with analog interfaces inhigh-resolution display systems that can be resolved by changing to a digital interface. Also, lower display system cost can beachieved by implementing a digital interface to a high-resolution display rather than an analog interface. The Advanced DisplayInterface (ADI) is designed to replace the analog RGB interfaces currently used in high definition workstation displays. The goalis to create a standard digital display interface for military applications that is based on current commercial standards. Supportfor military application-specific functionality is addressed, including display test and control. The main challenges toimplementing a digital display interface are described, along with approaches to address the problems. Conceptual ADIarchitectures are described and contrasted. The current commercial standards for digital display interfaces are reviewed in detail.Finally, a demonstration system based on the chosen ADI architecture is described.DTICDisplay Devices; Digital Systems; Human-Computer Interface

20010102753 Air Force Research Lab., Kirkland AFB, NM USAReconfigurable Cellular Array Architectures for Molecular Electronics Final Report, Mar. 1998 - Mar. 2001Lyke, James C.; Donohoe, Gregory; Karna, Shashi; Mar. 2001; 136p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DARPA Proj. 8809Report No.(s): AD-A393691; AFRL-VS-TR-2001-1039; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This report is a compilation of largely unpublished work pertaining to reconfigurable cellular arrays for digital computation.They bear resemblance to both cellular automata and cellular neural networks, with the attributes of field programmable gatearrays. They are of potential interest to nano-scale / molecular-scale electronics approaches due to their simple, periodicarrangement. As such they address three critical issues at the smallest physical scales: (1) low-interconnect demand; (2) defecttolerance; (3) simplified construction through non-lithographic approaches (such as chemical self-assembly). The report exposesmany facets of these arrays, including the ability to directly model their structures with artificial neural networks, which can betrained to implement digital functions directly. The report is intended to represent a snapshot of work against a very difficultproblem, rich- in future research exploration opportunitiesDTICMolecular Electronics; Computer Programming; Field-Programmable Gate Arrays; Self Assembly; Automata Theory

20010102759 TiNi Alloy Co., San Leandro, CA USAActuator for Out-of-Plane MEMS Devices Final Report, 30 Sep. 1999-29 Sep. 2001Johnson, A. D.; Gupta, Vikas; Sep. 01, 2001; 54p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): N00167-99-C-0093Report No.(s): AD-A393889; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Two major problems from phase I were solved during phase II. The step-coverage problem of TiNi thin film on the polysiliconstructure was solved by introducing silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. Also the out-of-plane devices were fabricated completelyin-house to eliminate the problem of long turn-around time at the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina (MCNC). In a novelapproach, the micromirrors were fabricated from the thin silicon membrane layer of the SOI wafer. Hinge structures werefabricated from SU-8 photoresist. Since the mirrors and the actuator beams were made on same silicon plane, the sharp step andthus the problem of step-coverage was eliminated. TiNi thin film was sputter deposited on silicon beams to form actuators. Siliconoxide and OCG 825 photoresist were used as sacrificial layers for releasing the mirrors and hinges respectively. The mechanicalfunctionality of hinges made in-house was verified and demonstrated by tilting the silicon mirrors from horizontal to verticalposition. Magnetic actuation was investigated as an alterative method for actuating the mirrors. A magnetic alloy, Permalloy, wassuccessfully plated on the spacer dies from MCNC. Spacer devices were chemically released from the substrate and tested forthe actuation. Displacement of the released spacer devices magnetically was demonstrated.DTICMicroelectromechanical Systems; Shape Memory Alloys; Actuators; Thin Films; Fabrication; Microelectronics; Permalloys(Trademark); SOI (Semiconductors)

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20010102920 Arizona Univ., Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tucson, AZ USAInstrumentation for the Development of Reconfigurable Microwave/MM-Wave FGC Passive Elements Using MEMSSwitches for ’Smart’ Systems on a Chip Final Report, 31 Mar. 2000-30 Mar. 2001Papapolymerou, Ioannis; Jul. 09, 2001; 6p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0126Report No.(s): AD-A393570; ARO-40837.1-EL-RIP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report contains information on the items of equipment acquired with this DURIP award including name. cost,manufacturer and special circumstances regarding their acquisition. It also contains a summary of each research project on whichthe equipment has been and will be used. These projects are of major significance to the Department of Defense and include topicssuch as reconfigurable tuners and band-stop filters using MEMS switches, micromachined cavity diplexers and loaded cavityresonators, reconfigurable electromagnetic bandgap resonators and microwave circuits on low resistivity silicon substrates. A listof associated publications is also provided.DTICMicroelectromechanical Systems; Energy Gaps (Solid State); Microwave Circuits; Systems-On-A-Chip

20010103071 FROMHuman Factors Design Issues for Spectral Exploitation Tools Final Report, 30 Apr. 1999-Feb. 2000Fitzhugh, Elisabeth; Bradford, Jeff; Botschner, Richard; Feb. 2000; 62p; In English; Original contains color plates; --Originalcontains color plates: All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white. Prepared in cooperation with Ball Aerospace &Technologies Corp., Fairborn, OH.Contract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-99-C-6017; AF Proj. 3005Report No.(s): AD-A391844; AFRL-HE-WP-TR-2000-0062; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Increased demand for spectral data is keyed to the spectral data set’s target detection potential. Spectral data can providedetailed, accurate information because of its ability to detect minuscule spectral differences in possible targets. Nevertheless,spectral-based technology has not been widely accepted or utilized in the operational community. This is primarily due to sensorcollection limitations, dynamic time constraints, lack of user experience, and limited availability of validated exploitation toolsand techniques. This effort implements human factors and cognitive engineering methods to identify significant human capabilityissues in spectral exploitation for operational use. The report includes a proposed test and evaluation plan to assess candidate toolsand techniques. Examination of current literature identified color as a critical factor in display design and the use of color inspectral displays is included as one variable in a set of real world, part task simulations. The plan also includes early,comprehensive collection of user requirements and critical decision processes to facilitate design of a field-deployable prototypespectral exploitation tool. The goal of the proposed design methodology is to enhance interpretability and decrease exploitationtime in rapid precision targeting scenarios.DTICHuman Factors Engineering; Spectrum Analysis; Display Devices; Target Acquisition; Emission Spectra

20010103196 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAA Power and Thermal System with Thermoelectric Generators At 930 C For Solar Probe Inside 0.1 AUChoi, Michael K., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 3p; In English; 36th International Energy ConversionEngineering Conference, 29 Jul. - 2 Aug. 2001, Savannah, GA, USA; Sponsored by American Society of Mechanical Engineers, USAReport No.(s): IECEC2001-TM-19; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

The Power System for Solar Probe is required to provide an electrical power of 100 W to 200 W over a wide range of radialdistances from the Sun. The distance varies from 5.2 AU (i.e., Jupiter gravity assist orbit) and 4 solar radii. The solar intensityvaries by nearly 5 orders of magnitude. Radioactive Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) is one way to meet the power requirement.However, the use of an RTG presents a politically expensive risk for the mission. An alternative is a totally non-nuclear andintrinsically conservative method, which uses mostly developed technologies. This paper presents an innovative concept, whichuses thermoelectric generators with a high temperature cooling system to meet the power requirement inside 0. 1 AU. In thisconcept, Silicon Germanium (SiGe)/Gallium Phosphorus (GaP) thermoelectric generators use the infrared radiation from thespacecraft primary heat shield as an energy source, and a liquid sodium high temperature cooling system to maintain the SiGe/GaPthermoelectric generators at 1200 K. It allows a routine access by interplanetary probes to the innermost regions of the heliosphere,which is prudent to the scientific community.AuthorThermoelectric Generators; Solar Probes; High Temperature; Cooling Systems; Infrared Radiation; Heat Shielding; ThermalEnergy; Liquid Sodium; Sodium Cooling

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20010103243 California Univ., Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Los Angeles, CA USAVanadium Oxide - Carbon Nanotube Composite Electrodes for Use in Secondary Lithium Batteries Interim ReportSakamoto, Jeffrey S.; Dunn, Bruce; Jun. 25, 2001; 29p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-93-1-0245Report No.(s): AD-A391651; TR-17; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Single-wall carbon nanotubes were used to form the electronically conducting network in lithium intercalation electrodes thatincorporated vanadium oxide aerogels as the active material. Sol-gel methods were developed which integrated the nanotubeswith V2O5 aerogel synthesis. The similarities in morphology and dimensional scale for the nanotubes and V2O5 ribbons enabledexcellent electrical contact to be made between the two phases without seriously affecting the aerogel nanostructure. Intimatecontact was established between the two phases at the nanodimensional level while the high pore volume of the aerogel providedelectrolyte access throughout the composite material. The electrodes exhibited specific capacities in excess of 400 mAh/g at highdischarge rates and retained this level of capacity on cycling.DTICCarbon Nanotubes; Composite Materials; Electrodes; Sol-Gel Processes; Vanadium Oxides; Lithium Batteries

20010103262 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAUsing Commercial Off the Shelf (COTS) Digital Signal Processors (DSP) for Reliable Space Based Digital SignalProcessingWukitch, Matthew J.; Mar. 2001; 116p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391766; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

A radiation tolerant testbed was designed using a Commercial-Off-the-Self Digital Signal Processor and presented to provethe concept of Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) processors in order to make a COTS DSP radiation tolerant design. The systemwas designed to handle the effects of radiation associated with Single Event Upset only. Two of the industry’s leadingprogrammable 32-bit floating-point digital signal processors were reviewed for this thesis, Analog Devices ADSP-21060 and theTexas Instruments TMS320C6701. The 6701 was the best processor for this design based upon size, power, speed, and toleranceto single event latchup, signal event burnout, and total ionization dose. A review of the processor’s performance and characteristicsis provided to ensure the proper operation of 6701 in a TMR design. The system employs a bit by bit voter that compares the threeprocessors’ results and outputs the majority of the bits. All data, address, and control signals are monitored to determine that thesystem is operating properly. This system significantly differs from previous TMR designs, because only address errors causeimmediate interrupts. Data errors cause processor interrupts only when the errors accumulate to a critical level. An external hostprocessor controls the processors’ shared memory space.DTICCommercial Off-The-Shelf Products; Digital Systems; Microprocessors; Radiation Tolerance; Signal Processing; RadiationEffects

20010103539 Malibu Research Associates, Inc., Calabasas, CA USADynamic Flaps Electronic Scan Antenna Final Report, Phase 2Gonzalez, Daniel G.; Jan. 24, 2000; 69p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00421-9-C-1077Report No.(s): AD-A391519; MRA-P347; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A dynamic FLAPS(TM) electronic scan antenna was the focus of this research. The novelty S of this SBIR resides in the useof plasma as the main component of this dynamic X-Band phased S array antenna. The plasma introduces a hysteresis propertyto the phasing elements thus enabling the elements to be addressed in a row-column configuration; in other words, the system canbe configured in a latching configuration. by using stripline technology in conjunction with plasma, a phased-array antenna canbe produced at a much lower cost than conventional phased-array antennas. This major cost savings is due to the reduction ofrequired number of drivers (result of the plasma hysteresis property) and the simpler manufacturing process. During the PhaseII of this SBIR, the major elements of the plasma phased-array antenna were resolved and demonstrated. These include: 1) Theability of plasma to create an efficient RF wall by de-tuning a passband circuit. 2) The ability of plasma to reflect incident RF witha consistent phase shift. 3) Predictable phase shifting. 4) Near ideal plasma hysteresis signature using proper gas. 5) Integrationof the plasma circuit in a stripline configuration using hybrids.DTICAntenna Arrays; Microwave Antennas; Dipole Antennas; Manufacturing; Plasma Antennas

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20010103566 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USADesign of a Ship Service Converter Module for a Reduced-Scale Prototype Integrated Power SystemStallings, Brad L.; Dec. 2001; 218p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392078; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

A DC Zonal Electrical Distribution System (DC ZEDS) is a strong candidate for the next generation surface combatant,DD-21. In order to equip DD-2 1 with DC ZEDS, preparative research includes the design of a low-power prototype IntegratedPower System (IPS). This thesis examines the design and layout of one element of the IPS, a 500V/4OOV, 8kW, 20kHz dc-dcconverter. The main thrust of the study is the documentation of product construction, design, and ancillary issues. Since theconverter will be integrated into a testbed, it must be rugged, transportable, flexible, and provide convenient interconnection andmonitoring. MATLAB and dSPACE models and circuit prototypes are implemented to validate subsystem designs and operation.Unit validation studies are conducted to assess performance of the power-section, controls, protection, and interfaces.DTICShips; Voltage Converters (DC to DC); Systems Integration; Circuits

20010103658 DCS Corp., USAVetronics Reference ArchitectureSmith, Michael, DCS Corp., USA; [2001]; 17p; In English; Proceedings from the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium -Intelligent Systems for the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001, USA; Sponsored by National Defense Industrial Association, USAReport No.(s): AD-A393794; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May, 2001, and sponsored by the National DefenseIndustrial Association.DTICDefense Program; Conferences; Military Vehicles

20010103760 ENECO, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT USAProof-of-Concept Proposal for the Thermal DIODE Final Report, 26 Sep. 2000 - 25 Mar. 2001Hagelstein, Peter; Kucherov, Yan; Mar. 25, 2001; 29p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-C-0105Report No.(s): AD-A393495; ARO-41679.1-CH; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

According to initially submitted description of the proposed thermal diode for converting heat to electricity, proof of conceptcan be subdivided into the following three parts: 1. Proving that a semiconductor emitting layer compares favorably in terms ofcarriers injection with metal emitters both in the thermoelectric or Schottky mode. 2. Verifying limits of diffusive transport in thesemiconductor gap in terms of recombination at elevated temperatures. 3. Proving compensation layer capability of blockingthermoelectric back current from the collector. At this point, we have proved the compensation layer principle and that therecombination in lnSb at elevated temperatures does not pose a serious problem. We also proved that semiconductor layerimproves efficiency by a factor of four for the same material compared to thermoelectric regime. So far, predictions of theNumerical model developed earlier are sound. We tested energy converters that yielded results competitive with any knownthermoelectrics.DTICMathematical Models; Thermoelectricity; Schottky Diodes; High Temperature Tests

20010103765 MPC Products Corp., Skokie, IL USADrive-By-Wire TechnologyDoell, Chris, MPC Products Corp., USA; [2001]; 18p; In English; Proceedings from 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium -Intelligent Systems for the Objective Force, 29-31 May 2001, USA; Sponsored by National Defense Industrial Association, USAReport No.(s): AD-A393795; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Presentation given at the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium, 29-31 May 2001, and sponsored by the National DefenseIndustrial Association.DTICConferences; Defense Program; Wire

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20010103946 International Wire and Cable Symposium, Inc., Eatontown, NJ USAProceedings of the Forty-Ninth International Wire and Cable SymposiumNov. 16, 2000; 705p; In English; 49th International Wire and Cable Symposium, 13-16 Nov. 2000, Atlantic City, NJ, USA;Sponsored in part by EuropacableReport No.(s): AD-A393538; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A99, Hardcopy; A06, Microfiche

The proceedings of the 49th International Wire and Cable Symposium, Atlantic City, NJ, November 13-16, 2000.DTICConferences; Communication Cables; Optoelectronic Devices

20010104073 Southern Methodist Univ., Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Dallas, TX USAShort Term Innovative Research on Sensors on Flexible Substrates Final Report, 30 Sep. 2000 - 30 Jun. 2001Butler, Donald P.; Celik-Butler, Zeynep; Jul. 30, 2001; 10p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0505Report No.(s): AD-A393589; ARO-41648.4-PH-11; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This investigation concerns the development of microsensors sensors on flexible substrates such as Kapton (pyromelliticdianhydride and 4,4’ diaminodphenyl ether). Microbolometers have been used as the test bed for microsensor development. Theresults on this investigation will form a basis for the production of other micromachined sensors such as pressure/strain sensors,”hair-like” touch and flow sensors, and accelerometers on flexible substrates. Flexible substrates can serve as the basis of asensitive skin for humans and robots where sensors are distributed over skin to provide the sense of touch and feel or monitor thephysiology of the wearer. Two techniques have been investigated. One involves attaching a Kapton film to a 4 inch wafer carrierwith an adhesive and the other involves using a spin-on polyimide (Kapton-like) to coat a silicon wafer that has been covered witha release layer. The use of 4 inch wafers permits the use of standard microfabrication equipment. Using these techniques, YBaCuOmicrobolometers have been fabricated. Low temperature fabrication techniques are employed to minimize the thermal cyclingof the polyimide substrate. In our preliminary work, the microbolometers displayed a Temperature Coefficient of Resistance of-3.1 %, at room temperature. The microbolometers reached responsivity and detectivity as high as 6x10(exp 3) V/W and 3x10(exp7) cm.Hz(sup 1/2)/W, respectively, at 1.85 mu alpha of current bias. This detectivity is approximately 40% of the temperaturefluctuation limit for these detectors.DTICFabrication; Substrates; Infrared Detectors; Microinstrumentation; Pressure Sensors

20010104153 California Univ., Electrical Engineering Dept., Los Angeles, CA USALow Power/Low Noise Electronics Technologies for Wireless Communications Final Report, 12 Feb. 1996 - 31 Aug. 2001Itoh, Tatsuo; Aug. 01, 2001; 20p; In English; Prepared in cooperation with the Univ. of California, San Diego, CA.Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-96-1-0005Report No.(s): AD-A393487; ARO-34992.36-EL-MUR; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This MURI has been intended to address challenges of electronics technologies for wireless communication to dramaticallyenhance the low power and low noise characteristics. An interdisciplinary team with expertise spanning from the devices, circuits,components and systems has been assembled from researchers from UCLA and UC San Diego. A companion MURI programhas also been executed at The University of Michigan with: University of Colorado under the leadership of Professor GeorgeHaddad. Both of these-electronics oriented programs are complementary rather-than competitive. For instance, MichiganProgram has placed emphasis on InP devices while UCLA/UCSD program studied GaAs type devices. Furthermore, these twoelectronics oriented MURI programs are complementary to another MURI program at Michigan that primarily studies thesystems, modulation and coding aspects of low power communication. Nevertheless, both UCLA/UCSD and Michiganelectronics programs contain some effort on the system and coding issues.DTICElectronic Equipment; Wireless Communication; Low Noise

20010104473 Michigan Univ., Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI USADevelopment of a Field Emitter Cathode for Low-Power Hall Thrusters Final Report, 1 Jun. 1997 - 31 Dec. 2000Gallimore, A. D.; Marrese, C. M.; Jul. 25, 2001; 181p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-97-1-0380Report No.(s): AD-A393628; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0454; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Fuel-efficient electric propulsion (EP) systems such as the Closed-Drift Hall thruster (CDT) can greatly enhance thecapability of small satellites by reducing spacecraft propellant mass while increasing sensor payload and Deltav. However, a major

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stumbling block to the development of low-power (less than /- 100 W) CDTs is the absence of a suitable cathode. Conventional6.4-mm hollow cathodes consume 20 W of power and 5 sccm of propellant, which is more than the total propellant flow rate ofa 100-W CDT. Smaller hollow cathodes (e.g., 3.2-mm) are in development with the challenging goal of consuming 5 W of power.However, the minimum propellant flow rate of these cathodes is unlikely to dip much below 1 sccm. Our approach for providingelectron emission for low-power CDTs is to use field emitter array cathodes (FEACs) as a replacement for hollow cathodes.AASERT funds were secured to support one student in a three-year program to investigate the use of FEAC technology with CDTs.The current-voltage characteristics and lifetime of several baseline cathode designs were evaluated over a wide range of pressures(10(exp -10) to 10(exp -6) Torr range in an ultra high vacuum FEAC test facility. FEAC performance models were also developedand compared with experimental results.DTICHall Effect; Manufacturing; Emitters; Thrustors; Emissivity; Performance Prediction; Hollow Cathodes

20010105200 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USAModeling and Simulation of Miniature Piezoelectric MotorsMahoney, J. F.; Jun. 01, 1998; 14p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-16834; KCP-613-6056; CONF-9805101; DE98-059407; No Copyright; Avail: Department of EnergyInformation Bridge

The use of piezo materials is becoming common in both commercial and retail products. Motors designed using piezomaterials as actuators are also being utilized where either space or magnetic materials are limited. This paper discusses the useof ABAQUS/Standard and ABAQUS/Explicit toward the development and production of small piezo motors. Analyticaltechniques are the only methods possible to determine motor design parameters and performance issues prior to prototypeproduction and testing. The use of ABAQUS/Standard to solve baseline Eigenvalue extractions and transient dynamics for statormotion has made it possible to evaluate motor designs much quicker than physical evaluations. The use of the ’VUMAT’subroutine in ABAQUS/Explicit has been used to create strains driven by the piezo effects, thus allowing for many thousands ofcyclic loads to be applied to contacting 3D continuum structures. The use of viscous pressure techniques for near-perfect staticloading under explicit dynamics will also be presented and discussed.NTISElectric Motors; Design Analysis; Simulation; Miniaturization; Piezoelectric Motors; Computer Programs; Models

20010105246 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USAMechanical Integrity Issues at MCM-Cs for High Reliability ApplicationsMorgenstern, H. A.; Tarbutton, T. J.; Becka, G. A.; Uribe, F.; Monroe, S.; Apr. 13, 1998; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-16576; KCP-613-6020; DE98052809; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

During the qualification of a new high reliability low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) multichip module (MCM), twoissues relating to the electrical and mechanical integrity of the LTCC network were encountered while performing qualificationtesting. One was electrical opens after aging tests that were caused by cracks in the solder joints. The other was fracturing of theLTCC networks during mechanical testing. Through failure analysis, computer modeling, bend testing, and test samples, changeswere identified. Upon implementation of all these changes, the modules passed testing, and the MCM was placed into production.NTISCeramics; Chips (Electronics); Computerized Simulation; Failure Analysis; Performance Tests; Reliability

20010105247 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USAGermanium orthogonal strip detectors with amorphous-semiconductor contactsLuke, P. N.; Amman, M.; Phlips, B. F.; Johnson, W. N.; Kroeger, R. A.; Oct. 25, 1999; 4p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771749; LBNL-44444; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

Germanium orthogonal strip detectors have been produced using amophous-semiconductor contacts. Theamorphous-semiconductor contact fabrication process is relatively simple, and it is capable of producing fine-pitched electrodestructures. The bipolar blocking behavior of the amorphous-semiconductor contact permits its use on both sides of a detector,replacing conventional B ion implanted and Li diffused contacts.NTISAmorphous Semiconductors; Fabrication; Fine Structure; Germanium; Radiation Detectors

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20010105269 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USADiffusion Resistant, High-Purity Wafer Carriers For SI Semiconductor ProductionTiegs, T. N.; Leaskey, L.; Oct. 01, 2000; 15p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-769361; C/ORNL98-0538; ORNL98-0538; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy InformationBridge

The Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) was directed towards development of diffusion resistant,high-purity wafer carriers for Si semiconductor production with improved properties compared to current materials. Thedetermination of the infiltration behavior is important for controlling the fabrication process to obtain consistent high-qualityproducts. Ammonium molybdate or molybdenum carbide were found to be suitable as a precursor to produce SiC-MoSi2-Sicomposites by Si infiltration into carbon preforms. Experiments on the pyrolysis of the preforms showed variable infiltrationbehavior by the molten Si (within the range of conditions in the present study). Further research is required to reproducibly andconsistently fabricate flaw-free articles. The strength of the composites fabricated to-date was 325(+-)124 MPa, which is higherthan current commercial products. Better process control should result in higher average strengths and reduce the variability.NTISSemiconductors (Materials); Wafers; Diffusion; Composite Materials

20010105464 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USARF Characteristics of GaAs/InGaAsN/GaAs P-n-P Double Heterojunction Bipolar TransistorsBaca, A. G.; Chang, P. C.; Li, N. Y.; Hou, H. Q.; Monier, C.; Aug. 29, 2000; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-761886; SAND2000-2176C; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

The trend in portable electronics is to extend the battery lifetime without sacrificing the performance. One approach towardthis goal is to reduce the operating voltages without compromising power added efficiency, making devices with lower turn-onvoltages more desirable. For heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs), a lower bandgap (E(sub G)) base reduces the turn-onvoltage (V(sub ON)), and leads to greater efficiency at low-bias conditions. HBTs with InGaAs bases lattice matched to InPsubstrates offer one possibility that has not been adopted by commercial foundries due to substrate cost, concern over breakage,and possibly lack of 6’ wafers. InGaAsN lattice matched to GaAs is a new material that has received a lot of attention lately.NTISBipolar Transistors; Gallium Arsenides; Indium Gallium Arsenides; P-N-P Junctions; Radio Frequencies; Emitters;Heterojunctions

34FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS

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20010099215 Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Ames, IA USAApplication of Large Eddy Simulation to Cooling and Flow Problems in Aeropropulsion Systems Final Report, Apr. - Nov.2000Pletcher, R. H., Iowa State Univ. of Science and Technology, USA; Jun. 19, 2001; 21p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-1-0229Report No.(s): AD-A393055; ISU-ERI-AMES-01619; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

The objective of this research was to expand the capabilities of large eddy simulation technology to contribute to the solutionof urgent problems in propulsion systems and to contribute to the physical understanding of such flows. Work was initiated onboth external and internal cooling flows in turbines. Results on the effects of rotation on heat transfer in channel flow are reportedfor heating and cooling rates of magnitudes large enough to cause significant variation in temperature dependent fluid properties.The effect of rotation was to reduce the turbulent transport near the leading wall and increase it near the trailing wall. The effectwas larger for the heating flows than for the cooling flow. The ratio of Nusselt numbers on the two walls ranged between two andfive, whereas the friction coefficients at the trailing wall were about twice as large as those at the leading wall. The magnitudesof streamwise and spanwise velocity fluctuations were observed to differ by about a factor of two near the two walls.DTICCooling; Channel Flow; Turbomachinery; Computerized Simulation; Propulsion System Configurations; Vortices; Large EddySimulation

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20010099427 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAAn Experimental Study of the Operating Temperature in a Loop Heat Pipe with Two Evaporators and Two CondensersKu, Jentung, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Birur, Gaj, Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA; [2001];16p; In English; 31st ICES Conference, 9-12 Jul. 2001, Orlando, FL, USA; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright;Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This paper presents a comprehensive experimental study of the loop operating temperature in a loop heat pipe (LHP) whichhas two parallel evaporators and two parallel condensers. In a single evaporator LHP, it is well known that the loop operatingtemperature is a function of the heat load, the sink temperature and the ambient temperature. The objective of the present studyemphasizes on the stability of the loop operating temperature and parameters that affects the loop operation. Tests results showthat the loop operating temperature is a function of the total system heat load, sink temperature, ambient temperature, and beatload distribution between the two evaporators. Under most conditions, only one compensation chamber (CC) contains two-phasefluid and controls the loop operating temperature, and the other CC is completely filled with liquid. Moreover, as the test conditionchanges, control of the loop operating temperature often shifted from one CC to another. In spite of complex interactions betweenvarious components, the test loop has demonstrated very robust operation even during fast transients.AuthorOperating Temperature; Heat Sinks; Heat Pipes; Evaporators; Ambient Temperature

20010099437 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USAPredicting Turbulent Convective Heat Transfer in Fully Developed Duct FlowsRokni, Masoud, Lund Inst. of Tech., Sweden; Gatski, Thomas B., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; International Journalof Heat and Fluid Flow; 2001; ISSN 0142-727X; Volume 22, pp. 381-392; In English; Sponsored in part by Bengt IngestroemsFoundation; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

The performance of an explicit algebraic stress model (EASM) is assessed in predicting the turbulent flow and forced heattransfer in both straight and wavy ducts, with rectangular, trapezoidal and triangular cross-sections, under fully developedconditions. A comparison of secondary flow patterns. including velocity vectors and velocity and temperature contours, are shownin order to study the effect of waviness on flow dynamics, and comparisons between the hydraulic parameters. Fanning frictionfactor and Nusselt number, are also presented. In all cases. isothermal conditions are imposed on the duct walls, and the turbulentheat fluxes are modeled using gradient-diffusion type models. The formulation is valid for Reynolds numbers up to 10(exp 5) andthis minimizes the need for wall functions that have been used with mixed success in previous studies of complex duct flows. Inaddition, the present formulation imposes minimal demand on the number of grid points without any convergence or stabilityproblems. Criteria in terms of heat transfer and friction factor needed to choose the optimal wavy duct cross-section for industrialapplications among the ones considered are discussed.AuthorTurbulent Heat Transfer; Turbulent Flow; Convective Heat Transfer; Ducted Flow; Duct Geometry; Computational FluidDynamics; Three Dimensional Flow; Contours; Secondary Flow

20010100448 Naval Research Lab., Bay Saint Louis, MS USAGradient Driven Flow: Lattice Gas, Diffusion Equation and Measurement ScalesPandy, R. B.; Wood, Warren T.; Gettrust, J. F.; Jan. 2001; 16p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-Report No.(s): AD-A393793; NRL/JA/7400-01-0001; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Tracer diffusion and fluid transport are studied in a model for a geomarine system in which fluid constituents move fromregions of high to low concentration. An interacting lattice gas is used to model the system. Collective diffusion of fluid particlesin lattice gas is consistent with the solution of the continuum diffusion equation for the concentration profile. Comparison of theseresults validates the applicability and provides a calibration for arbitrary (time and length) units of the lattice gas. Unlike diffusivemotion in an unsteady-state regime, both fluid and tracer exhibit a drift-like transport in a steady-state regime. The transversecomponents of fluid and tracer displacements differ significantly. While the average tracer motion becomes nondiffusive in thelong time regime, the collective motion exhibits an onset of oscillation.DTICFluid Dynamics; Steady State; Fluid Flow; Particle Diffusion; Gradients

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20010101171 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAComputational Evaluation of Quiet Tunnel Hypersonic Boundary Layer Stability ExperimentsManning, Melissa L.; Nov. 2000; 118p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393601; AFIT-CI-01-195; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

A computational evaluation of two stability experiments conducted in the NASA Langley Mach 6 axisymmetric quiet nozzletest chamber facility is conducted. Navier- Stokes analysis of the mean flow and linear stability theory analysis of boundary layerdisturbances is performed in the computations. The effects of adverse pressure gradient and wall cooling are examined. Calculatedpressure, temperature and boundary layer thickness distributions show very good overall agreement with experimentalmeasurements. Computed mass flux and total temperature profiles show very good quantitative agreement with uncalibrated hot-wire measurements obtained with the hot-wire operated in high and low overheat modes respectively. Comparisons betweencalibrated hot-wire data and mean flow computations show excellent agreement in the early stages of the transitional flow.However, examination of the wire Reynolds number and mass flux and total temperature eigenfunction profiles suggest that whenoperated in high overheat mode the sensitivity of the hot-wire to total temperature is significant. Thus, while uncalibrated hot-wiremeasurements are useful to characterize the overall features of the flow, calibrated hot- wire measurements are necessary forquantitative comparison with stability theory. Computations show that adverse pressure gradient and wall cooling decrease theboundary layer thickness and increase the frequency and amplification rate of the unstable second mode disturbances; thesefindings are consistent with the experimental observations.DTICBoundary Layer Thickness; Hypersonic Boundary Layer; Pressure Effects; Temperature Profiles

20010102645 Moscow Technical Co., Moscow, RussiaOptimization of MW Plasma Influence on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Body in Airflow Final ReportKolesnichenko, Yuri F.; Apr. 2001; 107p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393526; EOARD-ISTC-00-7003; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This report results from a contract tasking Moscow Technical Club (MTC-IVTAN) as follows: The contractor willdemonstrate the ability to change the aerodynamic drag of a body using microwave-generated plasma in front of the body. He willperform the following: a) study the dynamic characteristics of MW discharge in supersonic airflow; b) study the dynamiccharacteristics of plasma-body-airflow interaction; c) measure the temperature in different components of plasma; d) study therelaxation characteristics of MW plasma in a supersonic airflow, such as lifetime, electron density and others; e) study the plasmaeffect in dependence on structure of MW field, plasma volume, polarization, operation mode, optimization, etc. In summary, hewill obtain and provide a data set for mathematical simulations.DTICAerodynamic Characteristics; Aerodynamic Drag; Supersonics; Drag Reduction; Plasmas (Physics); Air Flow

20010102913 Princeton Univ., Dept. of Material and Aerospace Engineering, NJ USAShock Propagation and Supersonic Drag in Low Temperature Plasmas Final Report, 1 Jan. - 30 Sep. 1998Miles, Richard B.; Feb. 1998; 313p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-97-1-0497Report No.(s): AD-A393666; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A14, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

This grant supported an Air Force-sponsored workshop, ”Understanding and Control of Ionized High-Speed Flows,” whichwas conducted at Princeton University, February 26-27, 1998. In recent years, there has been a great deal of interest in theformation mechanisms and properties of air plasmas. This interest is, in part, motivated by experiments conducted in Russia andin the USA which indicate shock propagation in weakly ionized air plasmas is at a higher velocity than would be predicted bypresently understood models. If this is, indeed, the case, such plasmas could be used for supersonic/hypersonic drag reduction.In addition, atmospheric plasmas could influence flow control devices, electromagnetic attenuation, and hypersonic propulsionsystems. As a consequence, the formation of such plasmas in atmospheric pressure environments, and the study of the propertiesof these plasmas, are of significant national interest.DTICGas Ionization; Ionized Gases; Electromagnetic Propulsion; Cold Plasmas; Shock Waves

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20010103203 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USASystem Accommodation of Propylene Loop Heat Pipes For The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) InstrumentGrob, Eric W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 6p; In English; 31st International Conference onEnvironmental Systems, 9-12 Jul. 2001, Orlando, FL, USA; Sponsored by Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., USAReport No.(s): SAE-01ICES-178; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Loop Heat Pipes (LHP) are used for precise temperature control for NASA Goddard Space Flight Center’s Geoscience LaserAltimeter System (GLAS) Instrument in a widely varying LEO thermal environment. Two propylene LHPs are utilized to provideseparate thermal control for the Nd:YAG Lasers and the remaining avionics/detector components suite. Despite a rigorousengineering development and test plan to demonstrate the performance in the restrictive GLAS design, the flight units failed initialthermal vacuum acceptance testing at GSFC. Subsequent investigation revealed that compromises in the mechanical packagingof these systems resulted in inadequate charge levels for a concentric wick LHP. The redesign effort included larger compensationchambers that provide more fluid to the wick for start-up scenarios and highlighted the need to fully understand the limitationsand accommodation requirements of new technologies in a system design application. Once again, seemingly minor departuresfrom heritage configurations and limited resources led to performance and operational issues. This paper provides details into theGLAS LHP engineering development program and acceptance testing of the flight units, including the redesign effort.AuthorPropylene; Heat Pipes; Laser Altimeters; Temperature Control; Wicks

20010105191 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USACondensation induced water hammer safetyGintner, M. A.; Mar. 10, 1997; 9pReport No.(s): DE2001-16909; HNF-SA-3179-FP; DE98059754,EW3130010; No Copyright; Avail: Department of EnergyInformation Bridge, Microfiche

Condensation induced water hammer events in piping systems can cause catastrophic steam system failures which can resultin equipment drainage, personal injury, and even death. As an industry, we have learned to become accustomed to the ’banging’that we often hear in our steam piping systems, and complacent in our actions to prevent it. It is unfortunate that lives are lostneedlessly, as this type of water hammer event is preventable if one only applies some basic principles when operating andmaintaining their steam systems.NTISPipes (Tubes); Boilers; Reactor Technology; Water Hammer

20010105205 Houston Univ., TX USAMultiphase saturation equations, change of type and inaccessible regionsKeyfitz, B. L.; Dec. 31, 1992; 16p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764167; DOE/ER/25102-1-VOL-1; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

We identify a class of flux functions which give rise to conservation laws which are hyperbolic except along a codimensionone subspace of state space. We show that a number of systems modeling porous medium flow can be regarded as perturbationsof such systems, and describe the phenomenon of change of type for these perturbations. We also discuss a property of solutionsof such systems, the existence of inaccessible regions - subsets of state space which appear to be avoided by solutions.NTISConservation Laws; Perturbation; Saturation; Equations of State; Porous Materials; Fluid Flow; Multiphase Flow

20010105206 Houston Univ., TX USAElliptic problem arising from the unsteady transonic small disturbance equationCanic, S.; Keyfitz, B. L.; Sep. 14, 1995; 34p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764166; UH/MD-171; DOE/ER/25102-1-VOL-1A; No Copyright; Avail: Department of EnergyInformation Bridge, Microfiche

We prove a theorem on existence of a weak solution of the Dirichlet problem for a quasilinear elliptic equation with adegeneracy on one part of the boundary. The degeneracy is of a type (’Keldysh type’) associated with singular behavior blow-upof a derivative at the boundary. We define an associated operator which is continuous: pseudo-monotone and coercive and showthat a weak solution displaying singular behavior at the boundary exists.NTISDirichlet Problem; Elliptic Differential Equations; Transonic Flow; Unsteady Flow

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20010105207 Houston Univ., TX USAShock stability in systems that change type. Final grant report to the Department of EnergyKeyfitz, B. L.; Nov. 10, 1995; 5p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764164; DOE/ER/25101-1-VOL-1; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

The aim of the original project was to investigate systems of conservation laws that change type. Progress was made on thisproblem. During the last period of the grant, the author began an investigation of a multidimensional system related to Machreflection which goes beyond the original work proposed. This has been fruitful direction in which to apply expertise on changeof type. Some basic theoretical results have been found.NTISConservation Laws; Shock Waves; Flow Stability

20010105211 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USASpatial Variability of Mean Flow and Turbulence Fields in Street CanyonsKastnerKlein, P.; Rotach, M. W.; Sep. 01, 2000; 5p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764065; LA-UR-00-3025; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Air pollution episodes in cities are often related to emissions from traffic. These emissions occur near the ground, anddispersion of the exhaust gases is highly affected by the complex flow phenomena inside the urban canopy. Applied dispersionmodels must be able to predict the flow patterns observed inside and above the street canyons. During the last few years the flowand dispersion characteristics in street canyons were investigated in several wind tunnel studies. Two major questions arenevertheless left open: (1) how strong is the influence of the particular wind tunnel setup on the observed characteristics of flowin street canyons, and (2) to what extent can these characteristics can be parameterized.NTISAir Pollution; Exhaust Gases; Flow Characteristics; Flow Distribution; Turbulence; Flow Measurement; Dispersing; Streets

20010105220 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAEuler-Poincare Dynamics of Ideal Micropolar Complex FluidsHolm, D. D.; Jan. 01, 2000; 52p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763294; LA-UR-00-178; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Lagrangian reduction by stages is used to derive the Euler-Poincare equations for the coupled motion and micromotion ofideal micropolar complex fluids. The order parameters for micropolar complex fluids are material variables that may be regardedeither as geometrical objects in a vector space, or as taking values in coset spaces of Lie symmetry groups. Examples include liquidcrystals, superfluids, Yang-Mills magnetofluids and spin-glasses. A Lie-Poisson Hamiltonian formulation of the dynamics forideal micropolar complex fluids is obtained by Legendre transforming the Euler-Poincare dynamics are also derived by using theClebsch approach.NTISDynamics; Ideal Fluids; Liquid Crystals; Micropolar Fluids

20010105224 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USADiscrete Simulation of Reactive and Non-Reactive Flow with Lattice Gas Automata (LGA)Yamamoto, K.; Jan. 01, 2000; 25p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763254; LA-UR-00-32; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

In this paper, we have simulated the reactive flow with LGA. We have focused on the mixture in counter flow to investigateflame structure in turbulent combustion for verification of Klimov-Williams criterion. to confirm this method, we have comparedthese results with that obtained by solving the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with that by solving Navier-Stokesequations.NTISAutomata Theory; Turbulent Combustion; Incompressible Flow; Reactivity

20010105227 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAPIV Measurements of a Shock-Accelerated Fluid InstabilityPrestridge, K. P.; Vorobieff, P.; Sep. 22, 2000; 20p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763104; LA-UR-00-4451; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

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A varicose-profile, thin layer of heavy gas (SF6) in lighter gas (air) is impulsively accelerated by a planar, Mach 1.2 shock,producing Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. We present the first measurements of the circulation in ,the curtain during thevortex-dominated, nonlinear stage of the instability evolution. These measurements, based on particle image velocimetry data,are employed to validate an idealized model of the nonlinear perturbation growth.NTISFluid Mechanics; Sulfur Hexafluoride; Transonic Speed; Particle Image Velocimetry

20010105277 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USANeighbors, Derivatives, and Viscosity in Particle CodesRandles, P. W.; Libersky, L. D.; Petschek, A. G.; Aug. 31, 1999; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762708; LA-UR-99-2560; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Particle methods require new approaches to traditional numerical procedures used in mesh-based codes. Primarily, theabsence of a background spatial mesh means that new integration points (neighbors) must be found each computational cycle.After the neighbor set has been determine spatial derivatives of field variables must be computed (without the aid of a mesh) andquantities advanced in time. For treatment of shocks it is necessary to formulate an artificial viscosity that will smear thediscontinuity across a few particles without undue dissipation in transverse directions. Solutions to these three issues are presentedas follows: Section 2 describes the ’Interior Hull’ technique for finding a robust neighbor set, even in regions of large anisotropyin the particle arrangement. Section 3 discusses a method for computing derivatives that ensures consistency and stability. Section4 introduces a tensor formulation of the artificial viscous stress that is effective in treating shocks as well as reducing spuriousnoise. Some example calculations illustrating the effectiveness of the techniques are presented in Section 5, and conclusions arestated in Section 6. We emphasize that all three procedures (neighbors, derivatives, viscosity) are conceptually simple, robust,and easily expendable to higher dimensions.NTISViscosity; Particles; Noise Reduction

35INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY

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20010099592 Delaware Univ., Bartol Research Inst., Newark, DE USASmall Explorer (SMEX) POsitron Electron Magnet Spectrometer (POEMS) Final Report, Dec. 1993 - Dec. 1994LHeureux, Jacques, Delaware Univ., USA; Evenson, Paul A., Delaware Univ., USA; January 1995; 165p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): NAS5-38098Report No.(s): NASA-CR-189429; NAS 1.26:189429; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This report covers the activities of Louisiana State University (LSU) under subcontract 26053-EX between LSU and theBartol Research Institute (Bartol), which began January 1, 1994. The purpose of this subcontract was for LSU to participate inand support Bartol in the work to define the SMEX (Small Explorer)/POEMS (Positron Electron Magnet Spectrometer)spaceflight mission under NASA Contract NAS5-38098 between NASA and Bartol. The conclusions of this study were that fora 1998 launch into a 600km altitude, 98 degrees, approximately sun synchronous orbit, (a) the total radiation dose would betypically a few k-rad per year, certainly less than 20 k-rad per year for the anticipated shielding and potential solar flareenvironment, (b) detector counting rates would be dominated by the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) and the horns of the Van Allenbelts, (c) the galactic electron and positron ’signal’ can be extracted from the albedo background and the trapped populations bydetailed evaluation of the geomagnetic transmission function (cut-off) for each event, (d) POEMS could make significantcontributions to magnetospheric science if sufficient downlink capacity were provided and, (e) a fully functioning, cost efficient,data processing and analysis facility design was developed for the mission. Overall, POEMS was found to be a relatively simpleexperiment to manifest, operate and analyze and had potential for fundamental new discoveries in cosmic, heliospheric, solar andmagnetospheric science.AuthorNASA Space Programs; Space Missions; Radiation Dosage; Synchronous Satellites; Solar Radiation

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20010099946 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USADevelopment of Regulations for Civilian Use of NVGsAntonio, Joseph C.; Faber, Lorry; May 10, 2001; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392316; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Provide an insight into the development of products that the FAA may use in formulating regulations for governing the civiluse of NVGs. SC-196 is tasked with producing documents that may be used by the FAA for the development of rules andregulations governing the use of NVGs in the National Airspace System. These products are nearing completion.DTICNight Vision; Regulations; Goggles; Product Development

20010100453 Army Aviation and Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL USAAn Analysis of Multi-Role Survivable Radar Tracking Performance Using the KTP-2 Group’s Real Track Metrics FinalReportCaraway, Willie D., III; McElroy, Randy R.; Aug. 2001; 14p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393866; AMSAM-TR-RD-MG-01-37; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

One of the outcomes of the 19th meeting of The Technical Cooperation Program (TTCP) Sub Group K Technical Panel KTP-2was a set of track metrics 1. The purpose of these metrics was to enable a qualitative comparison of the effectiveness of differentradar tracking algorithms in the face of various target situations. The complex and highly variable target situations that radars facehave made the development of a quantitative set of metrics that yield absolute scoring virtually impossible. These metrics nowprovide the radar engineer with a consistent basic upon which to compare the performance of various tracking algorithms. Thisreport will detail the results of applying these metrics to data obtained during a Multi-Role Survivable Radar (MRSR) trackingtest and presented at the 21st meeting of the KTP-2 group.DTICRadar Tracking; Targets; Algorithms; Tracking Radar

20010100496 Washington State Univ., Dept. of Physics, Pullman, WA USADevelopment of Optical Stress Gauges for Use in Shock Wave Experiments, 16 Aug. 1992-30 Jun. 1997Gupta, Yogendra M., Washington State Univ., USA; September 2000; 54p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DNA001-92-C-0063Report No.(s): AD-A389096; 990188-51201-FTR; DTRA-TR-99-22; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A04,Hardcopy

Experiments and analyses were carried out to demonstrate the successful development and use of the ruby stress gauges undershock wave loading. The predictive capability of our theoretical model, developed earlier, was established by the good agreementobtained between the calculated and measured R-line shifts for shock wave compression of r-cut samples. The feasibility of usingstimulated emission to enhance the signal intensity from shocked ruby crystals was demonstrated. The major element of thepresent work involved the successful development and use of in-situ, miniature ruby sensors in high stress and high strain rateenvironments. The miniature ruby sensors developed have provided good quality signals in a wide variety of materials (metals,polymers, eramics and geologic solids) shocked to stresses ranging from 0.3 to 8.0 GPa. Additionally, the ability of the miniatureruby sensors to provide quantitative, time-resolved data under 2-D, dynamic loading is expected to be valuable in obtaining stressmeasurements in a wide variety of applications involving rapid impulsive loading. The use of R2-line shifts to obtain the meanstress will be useful for material property studies under dynamic loading.DTICShock Waves; Ruby; Mathematical Models; Strain Rate; Stimulated Emission; Fiber Optics; Optical Properties; Strain Gages;Shock Tests; Stress Measurement

20010100506 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Canberra, AustraliaAn Investigation of Target Detection Ability Using Spectral Signatures at Hyperspectral ResolutionBubner, T. P., Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; Kempinger, S. K., Defence Science and TechnologyOrganisation, Australia; Shettigara, V. K., Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; February 2001; 57p; InEnglishReport No.(s): AD-A389244; DSTO-TR-0807; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report addresses a variety of issues expected to influence the performance of airborne high spectral resolution(hyperspectral) Electro-Optic (EO) sensors when used as surveillance tools. Fundamental phenomenology issues have beenconsidered with the breadth of this study ranging from investigation into the reflectance properties of materials, the influence of

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the atmosphere, and modelling of a sensor’s performance. Simple data analysis and target detection assessment techniquesincluding Target to Clutter Ratio measures.DTICElectro-Optics; Target Recognition; Target Acquisition

20010100546 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USAImage Stability Requirements For a Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS)Bingham, G. E., Utah State Univ., USA; Cantwell, G., Utah State Univ., USA; Robinson, R. C., Utah State Univ., USA;Revercomb, H. E., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Smith, W. L., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensingof the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 11-20; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: IssuingActivity

A Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) has been selected for the NASA New MillenniumProgram (NMP) Earth Observing-3 (EO-3) mission. Our paper will discuss one of the key GIFTS measurement requirements,Field of View (FOV) stability, and its impact on required system performance. The GIFTS NMP mission is designed todemonstrate new and emerging sensor and data processing technologies with the goal of making revolutionary improvements inmeteorological observational capability and forecasting accuracy. The GIFTS payload is a versatile imaging FTS withprogrammable spectral resolution and spatial scene selection that allows radiometric accuracy and atmospheric soundingprecision to be traded in near real time for area coverage. The GIFTS sensor combines high sensitivity with a massively parallelspatial data collection scheme to allow high spatial resolution measurement of the Earth’s atmosphere and rapid broad areacoverage. An objective of the GIFTS mission is to demonstrate the advantages of high spatial resolution (4 km ground sampledistance - gsd) on temperature and water vapor retrieval by allowing sampling in broken cloud regions. This small gsd, combinedwith the relatively long scan time required (approximately 10 s) to collect high resolution spectra from geostationary (GEO) orbit,may require extremely good pointing control. This paper discusses the analysis of this requirement.AuthorImaging Spectrometers; Field of View; Stability; Pointing Control Systems; Fourier Transformation; Geosynchronous Orbits

20010100547 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USACalibration of the Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS)Best, F. A., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Revercomb, H. E., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Bingham, G. E., Utah State Univ., USA; Knuteson,R. O., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Tobin, D. C., Wisconsin Univ., USA; LaPorte, D. D., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Smith, W. L., NASALangley Research Center, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 21-31; InEnglish; See also 20010100544Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS1-00072; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

The NASA New Millennium Program’s Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) requires highlyaccurate radiometric and spectral calibration in order to carry out its mission to provide water vapor, wind, temperature, and tracegas profiling from geostationary orbit. A calibration concept has been developed for the GIFTS Phase A instrument design. Thein-flight calibration is performed using views of two on-board blackbody sources along with cold space. A radiometric calibrationuncertainty analysis has been developed and used to show that the expected performance for GIFTS exceeds its top levelrequirement to measure brightness temperature to better than 1 K. For the Phase A GIFTS design, the spectral calibration isestablished by the highly stable diode laser used as the reference for interferogram sampling, and verified with comparisons toatmospheric calculations.AuthorImaging Spectrometers; Fourier Transformation; Calibrating; Geosynchronous Orbits; Brightness Temperature; RemoteSensing

20010100548 Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Kanagawa, JapanDevelopment of a Visible and Near Infrared Spectrometer for Selenological and Engineering Explorer (SELENE)Matsunaga, Tsuneo, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan; Ohtake, Makiko, National Space Development Agency, Japan; Hirahara,Yasuhiro, Nagoya Univ., Japan; Haruyama, Junichi, National Space Development Agency, Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensingof the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 32-39; In English; See also 20010100544; Sponsored in part by Jasco Corp.;Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Although the Moon has been investigated from the Earth, manned Apollo program, and numerous unmanned spacecraftincluding latest Clementine and Lunar Prospector, unresolved issues on the origin and evolution of the Moon still exist. to findclues or hopefully answers to these issues, Japan will send, to the Moon, an orbiting spacecraft called Selenological and

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Engineering Explorer (SELENE) equipped with a suite of state-of-art mission instruments. Spectral Profiler (SP) is one of theinstruments onboard SELENE, and will obtain 0.5 - 2.6 micrometer continuous reflectance spectra of the lunar surface just belowSELENE with 500 m swath. As major minerals on the Moon, pyroxene, olivine, and feldspar, have diagnostic spectral featuresin this spectral region, SP’s spectra will provide us information on mineral/rock distributions on the Moon surface globally. Suchinformation from SP will, in combination with other instruments, clarify elemental/compositional characteristics of the lunarsurface. This will contribute so much to depict a clear picture of the origin and the evolution of the Moon. to accomplish thesescientific goals, engineering issues such as performance requirements and calibration procedures were discussed intensively andcomprehensively among SP scientists and engineers. And based on such discussions, the basic instrument design of SP wasdetermined and PM development was started in FY 1998. In FY 1999 and 2000, PM testings, are being conducted. FM designwill start in late-2000. In the presentation, current status of SP development will be reported together with background informationon SELENE, SP, and the science of the Moon.AuthorMoon; Minerals; Infrared Spectrometers; Satellite Design; Lunar Surface; Lunar Evolution

20010100549 TRW Space and Electronics Group, Space and Technology Div., USAEO-1/Hyperion Hyperspectral Imager Design, Development, Characterization, and CalibrationFolkman, Mark, TRW Space and Electronics Group, USA; Pearlman, Jay, TRW Space and Electronics Group, USA; Liao,Lushalan, TRW Space and Electronics Group, USA; Jarecke, Peter, TRW Space and Electronics Group, USA; HyperspectralRemote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 40-51; In English; See also 20010100544Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS5-98161; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

The Hyperion Imaging Spectrometer is one of three principal instruments aboard the EO-1 spacecraft. Its mission as atechnology demonstrator is to evaluate on-orbit issues for imaging spectroscopy and to assess the capabilities of a spacebasedimaging spectrometer for earth science and earth observation missions. The instrument provides earth imagery at 30 meter spatialresolution, 7.5 km swath width in 220 contiguous spectral bands at 10 nm spectral resolution. Spectral range is from 0.4 gm to2.5 gm. The instrument includes internal and solar calibration sub-systems. This paper will review the design, construction andcalibration of the Hyperion instrument. The on-orbit plans and operations will be presented along with updated calibration andcharacterization measurements.AuthorHyperion; Imaging Spectrometers; Spacecraft Instruments; Remote Sensors; Earth Observations (From Space); Calibrating;Construction

20010100550 Raytheon Electronic Systems, Goleta, CA USAAdvanced Technology Imaging Sounder Testbed for Future Environmental Satellite MissionsPuschell, Jeffery J., Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Martin, Patricia L., Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Hurt, W. Todd,Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Woo, Jeanette, Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Giroux, Mark, Raytheon ElectronicSystems, USA; Pelham, Daniel, Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Clement, J. Ed, Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA;Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 52-59; In English; See also 20010100544;Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

This paper describes a ground-based testbed being developed by Raytheon Santa Barbara Remote Sensing for evaluatingsuitability of new Fourier transform spectrometer technology in future environmental satellite missions. The testbed includes apassively-aligned, double-pass cube corner Michelson interferometer that has flexibility to simulate a wide range of possiblemissions, including moderate spectral resolution imaging, trace chemical detection, and atmospheric sounding. Early testbedresults are presented along with initial operational instrument performance assessments that are derived from testbedmeasurements.AuthorRemote Sensing; Fourier Transformation; Imaging Spectrometers; Test Stands; Satellite-Borne Instruments

20010100551 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USAReview of Concepts and Applications for Multispectral/Hyperspectral Focal Plane Array (FPA) TechnologyMcAdoo, James A., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001;Volume 4151, pp. 60-67; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Multispectral, and ultimately hyperspectral, focal plane arrays (FPAs) represent the logical extension of two-color FPAtechnology, which has already shown its utility in military applications. Incorporating the spectral discrimination function directlyin the FPA would offer the potential for orders-of-magnitude increase in remote sensor system performance. It would allow

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reduction or even elimination of optical components currently required to provide spectral discrimination in atmospheric remotesensors. The result would be smaller, simpler instruments with higher performance than exist today.AuthorFocal Plane Devices; Multispectral Linear Arrays; Remote Sensors; Photometers; Equipment Specifications

20010100552 Raytheon Electronic Systems, Goleta, CA USAGeostationary Wedge-filter Imager-SounderPuschell, Jeffery J., Raytheon Electronic Systems, USA; Huang, Hung-Lung, Wisconsin Univ., USA; Woolf, Harold M.,Wisconsin Univ., USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 68-76; In English;See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Imaging spectrometry from geostationary earth orbit (GEO) can provide the frequently-refreshed detailed information onphysical properties of earth’s atmosphere and surface needed to enable critical new science missions and ultimately improveoperational weather forecasting. We describe and evaluate a concept for imaging spectrometry from GEO that addresses bothtraditional imaging and sounding applications. Our geostationary Wedge-filter Imaging Spectrometer (WIS) uses spatiallyvariable wedge filter spectrometers to collect earth radiance with approximately 2 km resolution over a 710 - 2900/cm (3.45 - 14.0micrometers) spectral range at 1% spectral resolution. The resulting instrument, based on LWIR and MWIR wedge-filterspectrometer technology recently developed by Raytheon, would be a compact, rugged imager-sounder with better sensitivity,spectral resolution, spatial resolution and full disk coverage time than current multispectral operational GEO imagers. Soundingperformance was simulated with respect to a global database of 119,694 cloud-free samples using a stepwise regression algorithm.Retrieved atmospheric parameters included surface air temperature, surface skin temperature, surface water vapor, totalprecipitable water vapor, total ozone and vertical profiles of temperature and water vapor. Not only did the conceptual WIS-basedinstrument outperform the current operational GEO sounder, but also RMS error performance approached that of advanced higherspectral resolution sounders (e.g., 1.2 K/1 km for WIS versus 1 K/1 km for advanced sounders). Due to its higher spatial resolutionand more complete spatial coverage, WIS could achieve this high quality cloud free sounding performance roughly two timesmore frequently than high spectral resolution advanced sounders. Combining this new technology with proven wedgespectrometer approaches for visible and near-infrared wavelengths would provide imaging-sounding data from GEO withunprecedented detail and fidelity for a wide range of weather, climate, land use, ocean color and other earth science studies.AuthorRemote Sensing; Imaging Spectrometers; Geosynchronous Orbits; Atmospheric Sounding; Spectral Resolution; SpatialResolution; Meteorological Parameters

20010100553 Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing, ChinaOptical Characteristics of China Radiometric Calibration Site for Remote Sensing Satellite Sensors (CRCSRSSS)Hu, Xiu-Qing, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Zhang, Yu-Xiang, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Liu, Zhi-Quan,Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Zhang, Guang-Shun, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Huang, Yi-Bin, SatelliteMeteorological Center, China; Qiu, Kang-Mu, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Wang, Yong-Kuan, SatelliteMeteorological Center, China; Zhang, Li-Jun, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Zhu, Xun-Bing, Satellite MeteorologicalCenter, China; Rong, Zhi-Guo, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land andAtmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 77-86; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Duhuang site and Qinghai Lake site are selected to be China Radiation calibration site for Remote Sensing Satellite Sensors(CRCSRSSS) in 1996. We have conducted three field measurement campaigns in 1994,1996 and 1999 and obtained a lot ofcharacteristic data of atmosphere and ground reflectance. The results show that the Dunhuang site has a good homogeneity witha low standard deviation of the reflectance which is less than 2% at VIS-SWIR range in 20 x 2O square km. The ground reflectanceis between 10% and 35% at 0.35 - 2.5 micrometers spectral range. Atmosphere measurement have shown that Aerosol opticaldepth (AOD) at 550 nm in two sites is 0.125 and 0.18, which are all small and suitable for in-flight calibration atmospherecondition. The result of Junge aerosol parameter indicate aerosol type in Dunhuang is near to desert model and near to continentmodel in Qinghai Lake. The columnar water vapor is determined by Modified Langley plot approach in 940 nm band of sunphotometer. The result of it are compared with radiosonde data and different within 10%. The diffuse-to-global irradiance ratioby OL754 spectroradiometer is used for the irradiance-based calibration method to improve in-flight sensor calibration accuracy.AuthorCalibrating; Reflectance; Remote Sensing; Aerosols; Optical Thickness; Water Vapor; Diffuse Radiation

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20010100554 Xian Inst. of Optics and Precision Mechanics, ChinaOptical System of the Multi-Spectrum CCD Camera Used for Earth Environment ObservationYang, Jian-Feng, Xian Inst. of Optics and Precision Mechanics, China; Zhao, Bao-Chang, Xian Inst. of Optics and PrecisionMechanics, China; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 87-93; In English; Seealso 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

A multiple spectrum CCD camera is presented in this paper. The camera is designed for the multiple small satellite remotesensing system that is suggested by Mr. Cheng Fangyun to observe two times every day over any place in the world. The cameradesigned for the remote sensing of the earth resources and its environment possesses the advantages of lighter weight and widerground swath. It will be widely used for the mitigation of natural disasters such as forest fire, earthquake and flood, for the generalsurvey of crops distribution, pests and estimation the yield of crops. The focal length of the camera is 154 millimeters, the fieldangle of view is about 29 degree. For the orbit height of 772 kilometers, the ground swath reaches 400 kilometers, and the groundresolution is 50 meters. The camera uses a 10 microns CCD working at the visible spectrum. The four visible and near infraredchannels are 0.45-0.52, 0.52-0.60, 0.63-0.69, and 0.76-0.90 micron, The total weight of the camera is 12 kilograms.AuthorCCD Cameras; Satellite Observation; Remote Sensing; Satellite-Borne Instruments; Swath Width; Earth Environment

20010100557 Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, CA USAThe Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on the Earth Observing SystemAumann, Hartmut H., Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech., USA; Pagano, Thomas S., Jet Propulsion Lab., CaliforniaInst. of Tech., USA; Strow, Larrabee, Maryland Univ. Baltimore County, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land andAtmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 115-124; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

AIRS, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder on the EOS-Aqua, produces global high precision spectra from 3.7 - 15.4 micronwith spectral resolving power mu/delta mu = 1200 twice each day from 708 km orbital altitude. AIRS is the first hyperspectralinfrared spectrometer designed to support NOAA/NCEP’s operational requirements for medium range weather forecasting duringits nominal 7 year lifetime. AIRS, together with the AMSU and HSB microwave radiometers, will achieve global retrievalaccuracy of better then 1K rms in the lower troposphere under clear and partly cloudy condition. Based on the excellent radiometricand spectral performance demonstrated during the pre-launch testing, the assimilation of AIRS data into the forecast model isexpected to result in major forecast improvements. Launch of AIRS on the EOS AQUA is scheduled for May 2001.AuthorAtmospheric Sounding; Earth Observing System (EOS); Infrared Spectrometers; Weather Forecasting

20010101167 Wright Lab., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAFeature and Extractor Evaluation Concepts for Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) Final Report, 1 Jan.-1 Oct. 1995Ross, Timothy D.; Westerkamp, Lori A.; Gadd, David A.; Kotz, Robert B.; Oct. 1995; 28p; In English; Prepared in collaborationwith Sverdrup Technology Inc., Beavercreek, OH.Contract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-ARPAReport No.(s): AD-A393578; WL-TR-95-1153; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report develops concepts that will support the evaluation planning for the MSTAR features and feature extractors. Theseconcepts will be used later in building a detailed evaluation plan. We began our development by distinguishing between theevaluation of a feature set and the evaluation of an extractor. The specifics for feature evaluation depend upon whether or not itis meaningful to define a truth-value; but in either case, features are evaluated in terms of their sensitivity (at first individuallyand then as a set) to various ”factors”. The factors of interest fall into the categories of Known, Class, and Noise. Ideal featureswould be discriminating (high sensitivity to class factors), robust (low sensitivity to noise factors), and predictable (predictablesensitivity to known factors). The evaluation of extractors (including auxiliary information such as runtime/memory use estimatesand feature uncertainty) is based on accuracy (when meaningful), design quality, and good software engineering principles.DTICTarget Recognition; Computer Programming; Pattern Recognition

20010101168 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USACalibration and Testing of the 6.5 M MMT Adaptive Optics SystemJohnson, Robert L.; Jan. 2001; 210p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393583; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

This dissertation describes the development, calibration, and testing of the adaptive optics system for the 6.5 m MultipleMirror Telescope. by employing a deformable secondary mirror, the MMT adaptive optics system uniquely solves several

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problems typical of astronomical adaptive optics systems. Extra components are eliminated, improving throughput and reducingemissivity. Since the adaptive secondary is integral to the telescope, a corrected beam is presented to any instrument mounted atCassegrain focus.DTICCalibrating; Telescopes; Adaptive Optics; Cassegrain Optics

20010102900 National Defence Research Establishment, Dept. of Command and Control Warfare Technology, Linkoeping,SwedenTarget Detection and Tracking Processing Chain: A Survey of Methods with Special Reverence to EO/IR SequencesKarlholm, J.; Ulvklo, M.; Nygaerds, J.; Karlsson, M.; Nyberg, S.; December 2000; 198p; In SwedishReport No.(s): PB2001-107274; FOA-R-00-017670408.616-SE; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

The report summarizes a study of algorithms for target detection and tracking in EO/IR sequences that was conducted duringthe autumn and winter 2000 at FOA Linkoping. The following topics are treated: independent motion detection, backgroundregistration, statistical background and target characterisation, texture segmentation techniques, small target enhancement andclutter suppression filtering, track-before-detect, and multi-target tracking. In each case the basic principles of the problems areexplained and state-of-the-art algorithms described and contrasted. The report contains a comprehensive bibliography.NTISTarget Acquisition; Tracking (Position); Moving Target Indicators

20010102914 Sarnoff Corp., Princeton, NJ USAMEMS Direct View Infrared Vision System (DVIR) Final Report, Sep. 1998 - Nov. 2000Busta, Heinz H.; Jun. 2001; 73p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-98-C-0276; AF Proj. E117Report No.(s): AD-A393654; Rept-77-001; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2001-162; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

Sarnoff has fabricated 16 x 16 pixel arrays of gated field emitters in which the gate plates are MEMS structures actuated byinfrared radiation in the 8 - 12 micro regime. The actuators consist of 250 micro SiC, 20 nm TiW, and 300 nm Au.DTICFabrication; Microelectromechanical Systems; Detectors

20010103075 Cincinnati Electronics Corp., Mason, OH USAResolution Performance Improvements in Staring Imaging Systems Using Micro-Scanning and a Reticulated, SelectableFill Factor InSb FPAGreiner, Mark E.; Davis, Mike; Sanders, John G.; Feb. 1999; 16p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A390374; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

As staring focal plane array (FPA) detectors continue to mature, FPA based IR imaging systems are available in more compactpackages that are lighter and consume less power than first or second generation scanning IR sensor packages. However, standardIR analysis models indicate that staring FPA based cameras, while having excellent sensitivity, will have reduced resolution whencompared to scanning system cameras with similar sized detector elements and optics. This apparent resolution limitation iscreated by the fixed sampling of the active pixel size native to staring FPA system cameras. Micro-scanning, a technique whichmoves the image in sub-pixel steps on the focal plane, can provide some over-sampling and reduce this limitation. Standardattempts at micro-scanning using 2-dimensional staring arrays with near 100% fill factor produce only marginal improvementsin resolution in these systems. We will present here a new concept in micro-scanning using an InSb FPA with reticulated detectorelements and active area masking to provide a well defined, selectable fill factor.DTICFocal Plane Devices; Imaging Techniques; Infrared Imagery; Indium Antimonides; Resolution

20010103762 British Columbia Univ., Geophysical Inversion Facility, Vancouver, British Columbia CanadaLocating and Characterizing Unexploded Ordnance Using Time Domain Electromagnetic InductionPasion, Leonard R.; Oldenburg, Douglas W.; Mar. 28, 2001; 89p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0120Report No.(s): AD-A393497; ARO-41262.3-EV; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A technique for interpreting Time Domain Electromagnetic (TEM) Data was proposed in ”Detecting Unexploded Ordnancewith Time Domain Electromagnetic Induction” (Pasion, 1999). An approximate forward modeling for the TEM response of

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compact metallic objects, an inversion for recovering model parameters, and relationships between model parameters and atarget’s physical parameters were established. These findings were combined to form an algorithm for locating and determiningthe approximate shape of a buried target.DTICMagnetic Induction; Ordnance; Algorithms; Finite Difference Time Domain Method

20010105219 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAPerformance of Image Intensifiers in Radiographic SystemsBaker, S.; King, N.; Jan. 01, 2000; 10p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763302; LA-UR-00-211; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Electronic CCD cameras equipped with image intensifiers are increasingly being used for radiographic applications. Thesesystems may be used to replace film recording for static imaging, or at other times CCDS coupled with electro-optical shuttersmaybe used for static or dynamic (explosive) radiography. Image intensifiers provide precise shattering and signal gain. We havedeveloped a set of performance measures to calibrate systems, compare one system to another, and to predict experimentalperformance. The performance measures discussed in this paper dead with image quality parameters relating to resolution andsignal-to-noise ratio.NTISImage Intensifiers; Imaging Techniques; Image Resolution; Signal to Noise Ratios; CCD Cameras; Calibrating

36LASERS AND MASERS

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20010099684 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAElectronic Quenching of the A(0+u) State of Bi2Cox, Joseph L., Air Force Inst. of Tech., USA; Mar. 2001; 115p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392555; AFIT/GAP/ENP/01M-02; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Microfiche; A06, Hardcopy

Temporally-resolved laser induced fluorescence of high vibrational levels in Bi2 A(0(sub u)(+)) above and below thepredissociation limit of v’=22 were investigated by observing total fluorescence from a wavelength tunable, pulsed dye laser.Electronic quenching of Bi2 A(0(sub u)(+)) by five collision partners (Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, N2) was examined for four vibrational levels(v’=22, 23, 24, 25). Electronic quenching by a sixth collision partner (He) was examined for eight vibrational levels (v’=18through 25). The quenching from stable vibrational levels (v’=</22) was independent of vibrational quantum number. Asignificant increase in quenching occurs for the predissociated level v’=23. Electronic quenching transfer rates ranged from 227.3to 850.5x10(exp 13) cu cm/molec/sec for v’=22 and from 741.2 to 1570x10(exp 13) cu cm/molec/sec for v’=23, and are verynearly gas kinetic for v’=23. Electronic quenching of higher vibrational levels (v’>23) was not temporally resolvable by theexperimental apparatus.DTICVibration; Pulsed Lasers; Tunable Lasers; Laser Induced Fluorescence

20010100942 Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Hampton, VA USAComputation of Nonlinear Backscattering Using a High-Order Numerical MethodFibich, G.; Ilan, B.; Tsynkov, S.; Jul. 2001; 13p; In English; Prepared in cooperation with Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israeland North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina.Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAS1-97046Report No.(s): AD-A393639; ICASE-2001-21; NASA-L-CR-2001-211036; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

The nonlinear Schrodinger equation (NLS) is the standard model for propagation of intense laser beams in Kerr media. TheNLS is derived from the nonlinear Helmholtz equation (NLH) by employing the paraxial approximation and neglecting thebackscattered waves. In this study we use a fourth-order finite-difference method supplemented by special two-way artificial

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boundary conditions (ABCs) to solve the NLH as a boundary value problem. Our numerical methodology allows for a directcomparison of the NLH and NLS models and for an accurate quantitative assessment of the backscattered signal.DTICWave Propagation; Laser Beams; Boundary Value Problems; Boundary Conditions; Differential Equations; SchroedingerEquation

20010102752 Ceskoslovenska Akademie Ved, Inst. of Physics, Prague, CzechoslovakiaTesting of the Supersonic COIL Driven by a Jet SOG Using a Diode Probe Diagnostic, and Investigation of the ChemicalGeneration of Atomic Iodine for COIL Final ReportKodymova, Marmila; Apr. 04, 2001; 48p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-E032Report No.(s): AD-A393683; EOARD-SPC00-4032; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences as follows: The contractor will investigatethe previously developed supersonic COIL driven by a jet singlet oxygen generator. Its operation will be explored using the tunablediode laser provided by AFRL. They will also investigate the chemical generation of atomic iodine for a COIL using apparatusdesigned and built under their previous contract(s).DTICChemical Lasers; Oxygen; Tunable Lasers; Jet Flow; Gas Generators

20010102917 AdvR, Inc., Bozeman, MT USAPhase-Locked Fiber Laser Array Final Report, Mar. 2000 - Apr. 2001Switzer, Gregg; Apr. 2001; 18p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): F29601-00-C-0077; AF Proj. 3005Report No.(s): AD-A393641; AFRL-DE-TR-2001-1035; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

We present a rugged method for controlling the phase of multiple, continuous wave (cw) laser beams using a compact devicefor coherent addition of radiation. The concept employs an array of electro-optically controlled waveguides in Potassium TitanylPhosphate (KTP). The phase of each beam is controlled by altering the index of refraction of each waveguide in the array withan individually addressable voltage. A fiber array containing 16 single mode fibers is aligned to an array of KTP waveguides withan average coupling efficiency of 50%. Pi phase shifts are achieved with voltages as low as 30V. This technique provides a directpath to adding up an arbitrary number of low power fiber lasers and/or fiber amplifiers to obtain a high-power output. Furthermore,KTP is transparent from 350nm to 4500nm, so the device will work with many different kinds of lasers.DTICPhase Locked Systems; Laser Beams; Laser Arrays; Continuous Wave Lasers; Coherent Radiation; Optical Fibers; Fiber Optics

20010104674 Leica Geosystems, Inc., Norcross, GA USAPocket Laser RangefinderDunnill, William; Gees, Juerg; Schneider, Daniel; van Seeters, Jos; Zadravec, Dusan; Aug. 16, 2001; 21p; In English; Proceedingsfrom the 2001 Joint Services Small Arms Symposium, Exhibition and Firing Demonstration, 13-16 Aug. 2001, USAReport No.(s): AD-A393828; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

Presentation given at the 2001 Joint Services Small Arms Symposium, 13-16 August 2001, sponsored by the NationalDefense Industrial Association.DTICLaser Range Finders; Conferences; Military Technology

20010105187 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA USAOptical modeling of the Jefferson Laboratory IR Demo FELBenson, S. V.; Davidson, P. S.; Jain, R.; Kloeppel, P. K.; Neil, G. R.; Nov. 01, 1997; 14p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-548736; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab) is in the process of building a 1 kW free-electron laseroperates at 3 microns. The details of the accelerator driver are given in other papers in these proceedings. The optical cavityconsists of a near-concentric resonator with transmissive outcoupling. Though several free-electron lasers have used similardesigns, they have not had to confront the high average-power loading present in this laser. It is useful to know the limits of thistype of optical cavity design. The optical system of the laser has been modeled using the commercial code GLAD(reg-sign) byusing a Beer’s-law region to mimic the FEL interaction. The effects of mirror heating have been calculated and compared with

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analytical treatments. The magnitude of the distortion for several materials and wave-lengths has been estimated. The modeldeveloped here allows one to quickly determine whether the mirror substrates and coatings are adequate for operation at a givenoptical power level once the absorption of the coatings, substrate, and transmission are known. Results of calculations of themaximum power level expected using several different sets of mirrors will be presented. Measurements of the distortion in calciumfluoride from absorption of carbon dioxide laser light are planned to benchmark the simulations. Multimode simulations usingthe code ELIXER have been carried out to characterize the saturated optical mode quality. The results will be presented.NTISFree Electron Lasers; Manufacturing; Optical Equipment; Simulation; Models

37MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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20010099696 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USAFoil Face Seal DevelopmentMunson, John; Grant, Darrell; Agrawal, Giri; Jul. 11, 2001; 11p; In English; AIAA 2001-3483. Prepared in collaboration withRolls Royce, Indianapolis, IN and R and D Dynamics, Bloomfield, CT.Report No.(s): AD-A392301; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This paper describes the development to date of a novel combination of a foil gas thrust bearing and conventional face sealsecondary to produce a hybrid design. The thrust-bearing portion has demonstrated an ability to handle sea face distortion far inexcess of any other gas film riding seal. Some seal leakage has been sacrificed to accomplish this. Testing of the complete sealpackage including the secondary seal remains to be done. This will allow determination of actual seal leakage rates. The hybridconcept has some flexibility to tailor leakage rates and distortion capability. It is expected that an optimized configuration willbe tested in the AADC/GE Phase III JTDE engine.DTICThrust Bearings; Foil Bearings; Seals (Stoppers)

20010100389 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAA Controlled Arc Welding and Separation Processes for Carbon NanotubesBenavides, Jeannette, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Shaw, Harry, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA;[2001]; 16p; In English; Nanotubes 2001, 22-26 Jul. 2001, Germany; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

Stage 1 for the Carbon Nanotube Project has been completed. This videograph presents the proposal for Stage 2. The goalsof this stage are to: (1) produce CNTs under different conditions such as cooling temperature, voltage, current, cathode and anodesizes; (2) use ferrocene to make longer CNTs; (3) characterize CNTs by spectroscopic methods; (4) develop applications of CNTs,i.e., batteries, composites, wires, etc.; and (5) complete the patent application.CASICarbon Nanotubes; Nanostructure (Characteristics); Arc Welding; Characterization; Utilization

20010105201 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USACombining Noise Factors and Process Parameters in a Response SurfaceWyckoff, J. J.; Mar. 19, 1998; 21pReport No.(s): DE2001-16831; KCP-613-6062; CONF-9806120,DE98059404; No Copyright; Avail: Department of EnergyInformation Bridge, Microfiche

This presentation covers the strategy and analysis of an experiment to characterize a gas tungsten arc welding process. Theexperiment combined four uncontrolled noise factors and four controlled process parameters. A nontraditional response surfacedesign was employed. Multiple responses were modeled. Optimal settings for the process parameters to successfully weld thewidest range of the pertinent product features were identified. Thus, the process was made against noise factors. Comparisonsare made between the experimental and analytical approach taken versus the Taguchi style of experimentation and analysis. This

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comparison is mainly done with respect to the information gained, such as product design criteria, incoming materialspecifications, and process adjustments for nonconforming material.NTISDesign Analysis; Gas Tungsten Arc Welding; Experiment Design; Noise (Sound)

38QUALITY ASSURANCE AND RELIABILITY

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20010099423 Brookhaven National Lab., Dept. of Energy Sciences and Technology, Upton, NY USANon-Destructive Testing Methods for Geothermal PipingBerndt, M. L., Brookhaven National Lab., USA; March 2001; 22p; In EnglishReport No.(s): PB2001-105423; BNL-68166; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

Non-destructive testing is a key component of optimized plant inspection and maintenance programs. Risk based inspection,condition based maintenance and reliability centered maintenance systems all require detection, location and sizing of defects orflaws by non-destructive methods. Internal damage of geothermal piping by corrosion and erosion-corrosion is an ongoingproblem requiring inspection and subsequent maintenance decisions to ensure safe and reliable performance. Conventionalmanual ultrasonic testing to determine remaining wall thickness has major limitations, particularly when damage is of a randomand localized nature. Therefore, it is necessary to explore alternative non-destructive methods that offer potential benefits in termsof accurate quantification of size, shape and location of damage, probability of detection, ability to use on-line over long ranges,and economics. A review of non-destructive methods and their applicability to geothermal piping was performed. Based on this,ongoing research will concentrate on long range guided wave and dynamic methods.NTISPipes (Tubes); Nondestructive Tests; Geothermal Technology

20010100456 Argonne National Lab., IL USANonintrusive Ultrasonic Sensor for Monitoring and Control of Electroconsolidation (Trade Name) ProcessGopalsami, N.; Chien, H. T.; Goldberger, W. M.; Sep. 25, 2000; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-766293; ANL/ET/CP-101828; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

Electroconsolidation is a proprietary process for rapid pressure-assisted densification of complex-shaped parts made frompowder preforms. The resistive heating used in this method allows extremely high temperatures to be generated rapidly. This paperdescribes an ultrasonic pitch-catch technique for non-intrusive measurement of temperature within the die cell; this technique canbe used for precise control of densification and sintering of parts. Results of ultrasonic data for heating trials conducted at up to2000DGC indicate that average axial temperature in the die can be predicted within 3%.NTISNonintrusive Measurement; Ultrasonic Tests; Sensors; Densification

20010101089 Argonne National Lab., IL USAMagnetic imaging of a buried SmCo layer in a spring magnetPollmann, J.; Srajer, G.; Haskel, D.; Lang, J. C.; Maser, J.; Oct. 24, 2000; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-766300; ANL/XFD/CP-102547; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

Images of the magnetic domain structure in a 1600 thick buried SmCo layer in a Fe/SmCo spring magnet were obtained usinga newly developed x-ray microprobe. This probe combines circularly polarizing optics with a micro focusing Fresnel zone plateto obtain a highly polarized, small cross-section x-ray beam in the energy range between 5 and 10 keV. X-ray magnetic circulardichroism was used to provide contrast between different magnetic domains as a function of the externally applied magnetic field.The obtained images show domain walls not oriented parallel to the external field but correlated with structural features in thesample. A plausible explanation is pinning of domain walls at stacking faults in the layer. The range of external fields for whichthe magnetic reorientation of a particular microscopic domain occurred was much smaller than the range measured for amacroscopic hysteresis loop, indicating that the reorientation is due to growth of domains developed at local nucleation points.NTISNucleation; Samarium; Cobalt Alloys; Magnets; Imaging Techniques

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20010105193 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USAWrap 1, operational test report box non-destructive examination systemBottenus, R. J.; Apr. 14, 1997; 66pReport No.(s): DE2001-16886; HNF-SD-W026-OTR-011; DE98059731; No Copyright; Avail: Department of EnergyInformation Bridge, Microfiche

The Box Non-Destructive (NDE) System was operationally tested including the interfaces with the Plant Control System(PCS) and the Data Management System (DMS) computers on August 5, 1996. The Box NDE system performed adequately. Atest box was loaded/unloaded to/from the box conveyor/scale using a fork lift. The NDE System was shown to satisfactorilyreceive a box from the box conveyor/scale, x-ray a box, display x-ray images of the box, store x-ray images to both optical disksand video tapes, and discharge a box to the box conveyor/scale. The PCS was shown to close and open the vault doors. The DMSwas shown to allow the radiographers to record the x-ray image storage locations as well as pertinent x-ray information.NTISNondestructive Tests; Performance Tests; Data Management; Conveyors

39STRUCTURAL MECHANICS

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20010099944 General Accounting Office, Office of Policy, Washington, DC USATELECOMMUTING: Overview of Challenges Facing Federal AgenciesRObertson, Robert E.; Sep. 06, 2001; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393776; GAO/01-1116T; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

I am pleased to be here today to discuss telecommuting and our recent work in this area. Telecommuting refers to work thatis performed at an employee’s home or at a work location other than a traditional business office or facility. Over the past decade,telecommuting has gained widespread attention as a business approach that may offer a variety of potential benefits to employers,employees, and society. Last spring, the House Majority Leader asked us to identify potential regulatory, tax, and liability barriersthat concern private sector employers considering telecommuting programs for their employees. In July, we briefed the MajorityLeader and several other Members of Congress on the results of our research. As you requested, our statement today is basedlargely on this work and includes our observations on telecommuting’s applicability to the public sector.DTICPosition (Location); Personnel; Conferences; Telecommunication; Employment

20010100131 Army Research Lab., Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USAAn Analysis of Parameters for the Johnson-Cook Strength Model for 2-in-Thick Rolled Homogeneous Armor FinalReport, Jan.-Mar. 1998Meyer, Hubert W., Jr.; Kleponis, David S.; Jun. 2001; 38p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-AH80Report No.(s): AD-A392414; ARL-TR-2528; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Yield strength obtained from quasi-static strength data for rolled homogeneous armor (RHA) was combined with dynamicstrength data for 2-in (51-mm) RHA to generate Johnson-Cook parameters for 2-in RHA. One parameter was fixed based on thequasi-static strength data, and a least-squares method was used to fit the others individually. The fit was tested with CHT bysimulating the penetration of stacks of 2.5-in-thick (63.5-mm) RHA plates (the closest available experimental data). Parameteranalysis and comparison of the simulations to experiment substantiated the approach.DTICArmor; Yield Strength; Tensile Properties; Computer Programs; Least Squares Method

20010103547 Universal Technology Corp., Dayton, OH USAHigh Cycle Fatigue (HCF) Science and Technology Program 2000 Annual Report Final Report, 1 Jan.-31 Dec. 2000Garrison, Brian; Jan. 2000; 219p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-98-C-2807; AF Proj. APPLReport No.(s): AD-A391456; AFRL-PR-WP-TR-2001-2010; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

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This fourth annual report of the National Turbine Engine High Cycle Fatigue (HCF) Program is a brief review of workcompleted, work in progress, and technical accomplishments. This program is a coordinated effort with participation by the AirForce, the Navy, and NASA. The technical efforts are organized under eight Action Teams: Materials Damage ToleranceResearch, Forced Response Prediction, Component Analysis, Instrumentation, Passive Damping Technology, ComponentSurface Treatments, Aeromechanical Characterization, and Engine Demonstration. Daniel E. Thomson, AFRL/PRTC,Wright-Patterson AFB, is the Program Manager.DTICAircraft Engines; Fatigue (Materials); Research and Development; High Strength Alloys; Surface Treatment; Gas TurbineEngines; Fatigue Tests

20010103784 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Airframes and Engines Div., Fishermans Bend, AustraliaAn Evaluation of 3D Crack Growth Using ZENCRACKHou, Jianfu; Goldstraw, Matthew; Maan, Simon; Knop, Mark; May 2001; 40p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393143; DSTO-TR-1158; DODA-AR-011-878; Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center(DTIC)

DSTO has been continuously enhancing its capability to provide through-life support to the ADF in aircraft engine lifeextension and engine component life management. One of the major requirements is an enhancement in computational 3D crackgrowth modelling and analysis. This report presents the critical issues involved in 3D crack growth and evaluates the results ofa 3D crack growth capability in the ZENCRACK software with an emphasis on its validity and applicability to our majorrequirements. The primary issues to be dealt with in practice for 3D crack modelling are outlined together with the limitationsof existing software. The methodology and techniques implemented in ZENCRACK are described and discussed. Four practicalapplications of ZENCRACK and individual evaluations for particular problems are presented and discussed in detail. The variouslimitations and uncertainties encountered in the practical applications are identified. In particular, it is found that ZENCRACKis a useful tool for the calculation of stress intensity factors but is limited in terms of its accuracy for predicting crack growth rate.Conclusions and recommendations are made for more accurate 3D crack growth modelling.DTICComputer Programs; Stress Analysis; Crack Propagation; Three Dimensional Models

20010105182 Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA USADirect evaluation of T(sub Epsilon)(asterik) integral from experimentally measured near tip displacement field, for a platewith stably propagating crack (Residual life and strength prediction and life enhancement of structures)Okada, H.; Atluri, S. N.; Sep. 01, 1998; 46p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-761907; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

In this paper, we discuss a procedure for the determination of the T(sub episilon)(asterick) from experimentally measuredsurface displacement data near the crack-tip in a plate. Difficulties in such attempts lie in the determination of the stresses. Theexperimentally measured displacements are, in general, desecrate data with respect to time. In the case of metallic materials, itis quite difficult to determine stresses, due to lack of complete information on the deformation history. In general, thedetermination of stresses for ductile material requires a complete information on strain history. The stresses and work density,which are necessary in the TC evaluation, may be very erroneous, if such information is not complete. Hence the calculatedT(epilison)(asterick) integral value may involve an unacceptably large error.NTISCracks; Plates (Structural Members); Crack Propagation; Service Life; Crack Tips

42GEOSCIENCES (GENERAL)

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20010099588 Geological Survey, Water Resources Div., Idaho Falls, ID USALaboratory and Field Hydrologic Characterization of the Shallow Subsurface at an Idaho National Engineering andEnvironmental Laboratory Waste-Disposal SiteNimmo, J. R.; Shakofsky, S. M.; Kaminsky, J. F.; Lords, G. S.; November 1999; 38p; In EnglishReport No.(s): PB2001-107613; USGS/WRD/WRI-99-4263; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

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The characterization of waste-disposal sites requires knowledge of unsaturated flow, normally obtained using formulationsbased on Darcy’s law or Richards’ equation, for which two hydraulic properties of the porous media, the unsaturated hydraulicconductivity, and the soil-water retention relation, must be determined. The extensive modification of the shallow subsurface ata waste-burial site can alter these properties and hence the unsaturated hydrology. These properties and their alteration should beaccounted for in planning and constructing a waste facility. The authors’ study assesses, through comparison with actual flowbehavior, (1) the value of several types of standard unsaturated hydraulic property measurements for characterizing awaste-disposal site at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory and (2) the effect of landfill-constructiondisturbance on unsaturated-zone flow at the site.NTISWaste Disposal; Data Acquisition; Hydrology

20010099591 Geological Survey, Water Resources Div., Hartford, CT USAWater Resources Data for Connecticut, Water Year 2000 Annual Report, 31 Oct. 1999 - 30 Sep. 00Ranzau, C. E.; Davies, B. S.; Frick, T. W.; Collins, T. M.; June 2001; 356p; In EnglishReport No.(s): PB2001-107440; USGS/WDR/CT-00/1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A16, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

Water resources data for the 2000 water year for Connecticut consist of records of stage, discharge, and water-quality ofstreams; stage, contents, and water-quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels of ground-water wells. Specifically, this reportcontains: (1) discharge records for 44 streamflow-gaging stations, and for 40 partial-record streamflow stations and miscellaneoussites; (2) stage-only records for 4 tidal-gaging stations; (3) water-quality records for 15 streamflow-gaging stations, for 20ungaged stream sites, for 1 reservoir, and (4) water-level records for 71 wells. Additional data were collected at various sites notpart of the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous sites.NTISConnecticut; Ground Water; Hydrology; Water Resources; Surface Water

20010100132 Interior Dept., National Irrigation Water Quality Program, Washington, DC USABiological Effects of Selenium and Other Contaminants Associated with Irrigation Drainage in the Salton Sea Area,California 1992-1994 Final ReportBennett, J., Interior Dept., USA; December 1998; 48p; In EnglishReport No.(s): PB2001-105728; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This publication presents a summary of investigated contaminants associated with drain water in the Salton Sea area from1986-1990 and the advancement into Phase IV, remediation planning. This report describes the biological effects of environmentalcontaminants on several important fish and wildlife species in the Salton Sea areas that were investigated in 1992-94.NTISBiological Effects; Contaminants; Pollution Monitoring; Selenium; Water Pollution; Irrigation

20010100391 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USANASA’s Atmospheric Effects of Aviation ProjectCofer, W. Randy, III, NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Anderson, Bruce E., NASA Langley Research Center, USA;Connors, V. S., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Wey, C. C., NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Sanders, T., NASAGlenn Research Center, USA; Winstead, E. L., Science Applications International Corp., USA; Pui, C., Minnesota Univ., USA;Chen, Da-ren, Minnesota Univ., USA; Hagen, D. E., Missouri Univ., USA; Whitefield, P., Missouri Univ., USA; October 2001;21p; In English; Original contains color illustrationsContract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 622-63-10-708Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2001-211226; NAS 1.15:211226; L-18095; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

During August 1-14, 1999, NASA’s Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project (AEAP) convened a workshop at the NASALangley Research Center to try to determine why such a wide variation in aerosol emissions indices and chemical and physicalproperties has been reported by various independent AEAP-supported research teams trying to characterize the exhaust emissionsof subsonic commercial aircraft. This workshop was divided into two phases, a laboratory phase and a field phase. The laboratoryphase consisted of supplying known particle number densities (concentrations) and particle size distributions to a commonmanifold for the participating research teams to sample and analyze. The field phase was conducted on an aircraft run-up pad.Participating teams actually sampled aircraft exhaust generated by a Langley T-38 Talon aircraft at 1 and 9 m behind the engine

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at engine powers ranging from 48 to 100 percent. Results from the laboratory phase of this intercomparison workshop are reportedin this paper.AuthorAtmospheric Effects; Exhaust Emission; Aerosols; Jet Exhaust

20010103772 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USAEarth Sciences Division Annual Report 1997Jan. 01, 1997; 175p; In RomanianReport No.(s): DE2001-764329; LBNL-42452; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The earth and environmental sciences play a central role in many of the most challenging issues addressed by the DOE: Safedisposal of radioactive wastes, Reliable, environmentally sound, and affordable energy supplies, Cost-effective remediation ofsoils and groundwater at the Department of Energy’s facilities, Understanding how burning fossil fuels influences climate change,Expanding the fundamental knowledge needed to address these and future issues, Education of our future scientists and engineers.NTISGeology; Reports; Radioactive Wastes; Climate Change; Laboratories

20010103778 Geological Survey, Water Resources Div., Columbia, SC USAUser’s Guide for Polyethylene-Based Passive Diffusion Bag Samplers to Obtain Volatile Organic CompoundConcentrations in Wells, Part 2, Field TestsVroblesky, D. A., Geological Survey, USA; 2001; 104p; In English; Prepared in cooperation with the Interstate TechnologyRegulatory Cooperattion Work GroupReport No.(s): PB2001-107312; USGS/WRI-01-4061; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This report presents six case studies where passive diffusion bag (PDB) samplers were tested under field conditions.NTISDiffusion; Polyethylenes; Volatile Organic Compounds; Wells; Field Tests; Water Sampling

20010103779 Geological Survey, Water Resources Div., Columbia, SC USAUser’s Guide for Polyethylene-Based Passive Diffusion Bag Samplers to Obtain Volatile Organic CompoundConcentrations in Wells, Part 1, Deployment, Recovery, Data Interpretation, and Quality Control and AssuranceVroblesky, D. A.; 2001; 26p; In English; Prepared in cooperation with Interstate Technology Regulatory Cooperation WorkgroupReport No.(s): PB2001-107311; USGS/WRI-01-4060-Pt-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The purposes of this document are to present methods for PDB sampler deployment, and recovery; to discuss approaches fordetermining the applicability of passive diffusion samplers; and to discuss various factors influencing interpretation of the data.The intended audience for the methodology sections of this report is managers and field personnel involved in using PDBsamplers. The discussion of PDB sampler applicability and interpretation of the data is suited for project managers, technicalpersonnel, and the regulatory community. Part 2 of this report presents case studies of PDB-sampler field applications.NTISGround Water; User Manuals (Computer Programs); Quality Control; Volatile Organic Compounds

20010105216 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USADual Porosity vs. Dual Permeability Models of Matrix Diffusion in Fractured RockHo, C. K.; Sep. 25, 2000; 12p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763324; SAND2000-2336C; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

Water flow in unsaturated and saturated geologic units is an important process for performance assessment studies of thepotential repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The unsaturated and saturated zones can act as pathways for radionuclidetransport from the potential repository to surrounding areas where the water may be used by humans. As a result, it is importantto understand mechanisms that may retard the transport of radionuclides through these zones. Matrix diffusion, which is definedas the diffusion of radionuclides between fractures and rock matrix, is one of these potential retardation mechanisms. Two methodsavailable to simulate matrix diffusion include the dual-porosity and dual-permeability models. The remainder of this paperpresents these two approaches, and simulations of radionuclide transport in the unsaturated zone using these two approaches arediscussed. Model results are described, and the underlying processes that give rise to differences in the results are explained.NTISPorosity; Radioactive Isotopes; Fractures (Materials)

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43EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING

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20010100405 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Maritime Operations Div., Fishermans Bend, AustraliaRemote Sensing of Ocean Waters with Raman and Brillouin ScatteringMukerjee, Joyanto; Mar. 2001; 34p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393167; DSTO-TN-0346; DSTO/AMRL-AR-011-826; Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical InformationCenter (DTIC)

This document presents a literature survey on the remote sensing of ocean waters with Raman and Brillouin scattering. Itexplains the physical process involved for these scattering processes to occur in water and a description of techniques employedby researchers to exploit Raman and Brillouin scattering to measure temperature and sound velocity in water. The papers surveyedfor this report present measurement accuracies ranging from +/- 0.75 m/sec to +/- 10 m/sec for measuring sound velocity usingBrillouin scattering and +/- 0.4 deg C to 2 deg C for measuring temperature using Raman scattering.DTICRemote Sensing; Oceans; Water; Temperature Measurement; Raman Spectra

20010100544 International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA USAHyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and AtmosphereSmith, William L., Editor, NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Yasuoka, Yoshifumi, Editor, Tokyo Univ., Japan; 2001; ISSN0277-786X; 350p; In English, 9-12 Oct. 2000, Sendai, Japan; Sponsored by International Society for Optical Engineering, USA;See also 20010100545 through 20010100577; Original contains color illustrations; ISBN 0-8194-3804-9; Copyright; Avail:Issuing Activity

These proceedings from the technical conference on Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere includepapers presented during oral and poster sessions on instruments and systems, applications to atmospheric science, ecosystems,and other surface process applications. In the Instruments and Systems sessions, emphasis was placed on the new hyperspectralremote sensors soon to be aboard geostationary and polar satellites to observe atmospheric profiles with unprecedented spatialand temporal resolutions. Atmospheric Science papers include applications to meteorology, including weather and climateprediction, atmospheric chemistry, and dust and fire impacts on the environment. Results from spectroscopic investigations,aircraft measurement campaigns, and regional ground measurements are also reported. Within the Ecosystems sessions, emphasiswas placed on remote sensing of vegetation health and net primary production. Other hyperspectral remote sensing applicationsinclude the monitoring of human-produced light energy, of crop productivity, and of lake and sea surface temperature.AuthorConferences; Remote Sensing; Atmospheric Sounding; Ecosystems; Satellite Imagery

20010100545 Wisconsin Univ., Space Science and Engineering Center, Madison, WI USADemonstration of Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) Performance for Planetary and Geostationary EarthObservingRevercomb, Henry E., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Sromovsky, Lawrence A., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Fry, Patrick M., WisconsinUniv., USA; Best, Fred A., Wisconsin Univ., USA; LaPorte, Daniel D., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensingof the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 1-10; In English; See also 20010100544Contract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-6248; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

The combination of massively parallel spatial sampling and accurate spectral radiometry offered by imaging FTS makes itextremely attractive for earth and planetary remote sensing. We constructed a breadboard instrument to help assess the potentialfor planetary applications of small imaging FTS instruments in the 1 - 5 micrometer range. The results also support definition ofthe NASA Geostationary Imaging FTS (GIFTS) instrument that will make key meteorological and climate observations fromgeostationary earth orbit. The Planetary Imaging FTS (PIFTS) breadboard is based on a custom miniaturized Bomeninterferometer that uses corner cube reflectors, a wishbone pivoting voice-coil delay scan mechanism, and a laser diode metrologysystem. The interferometer optical output is measured by a commercial infrared camera procured from Santa Barbara Focalplane.It uses an InSb 128x128 detector array that covers the entire FOV of the instrument when coupled with a 25 mm focal lengthcommercial camera lens. With appropriate lenses and cold filters the instrument can be used from the visible to 5 micrometers.The delay scan is continuous, but slow, covering the maximum range of +/- 0.4 cm in 37.56 sec at a rate of 500 image frames per

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second. Image exposures are timed to be centered around predicted zero crossings. The design allows for prediction algorithmsthat account for the most recent fringe rate so that timing jitter produced by scan speed variations can be minimized. Responseto a fixed source is linear with exposure time nearly to the point of saturation. Linearity with respect to input variations wasdemonstrated to within 0.16% using a 3-point blackbody calibration. Imaging of external complex scenes was carried out at lowand high spectral resolution. These require full complex calibration to remove background contributions that vary dramaticallyover the instrument FOV. Testing is continuing to demonstrate the precise radiometric accuracy and noise characteristics.AuthorRemote Sensing; Fourier Transformation; Imaging Spectrometers; Breadboard Models; Interferometers; Imaging Techniques;Near Infrared Radiation

20010100555 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USAHyperspectral Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Profiles from Satellites and AircraftSmith, W. L., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Zhou, D. K., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Harrison, F. W., NASALangley Research Center, USA; Revercomb, H. E., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Larar, A. M., NASA Langley Research Center, USA;Huang, H. L., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Huang, B., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land andAtmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 94-102; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

A future hyperspectral resolution remote imaging and sounding system, called the GIFTS (Geostationary Imaging FourierTransform Spectrometer), is described. An airborne system, which produces the type of hyperspectral resolution sounding datato be achieved with the GIFTS, has been flown on high altitude aircraft. Results from simulations and from the airbornemeasurements are presented to demonstrate the revolutionary remote sounding capabilities to be realized with future satellitehyperspectral remote imaging/sounding systems.AuthorRemote Sensing; Airborne Equipment; Atmospheric Sounding; Fourier Transformation; Imaging Spectrometers; High Altitude

20010100556 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USAGeostationary Imaging FTS (GIFTS) Data Processing: Measurement Simulation and CompressionHuang, Hung-Lung, Wisconsin Univ., USA; Revercomb, H. E., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Thom, J., Wisconsin Univ., USA;Antonelli, P. B., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Osborne, B., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Tobin, D., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Knuteson, R.,Wisconsin Univ., USA; Garcia, R., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Dutcher, S., Wisconsin Univ., USA; Li, J., Wisconsin Univ., USA;Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 103-114; In English; See also 20010100544;Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

GIFTS (Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer), a forerunner of next generation geostationary satelliteweather observing systems, will be built to fly on the NASA EO-3 geostationary orbit mission in 2004 to demonstrate the use oflarge area detector arrays and readouts. Timely high spatial resolution images and quantitative soundings of clouds, water vapor,temperature, and pollutants of the atmosphere for weather prediction and air quality monitoring will be achieved. GIFTS is novelin terms of providing many scientific returns that traditionally can only be achieved by separate advanced imaging and soundingsystems. GIFTS’ ability to obtain half-hourly high vertical density wind over the full earth disk is revolutionary. However, thesenew technologies bring forth many challenges for data transmission, archiving, and geophysical data processing. In this paper,we will focus on the aspect of data volume and downlink issues by conducting a GIFTS data compression experiment. We willdiscuss the scenario of using principal component analysis as a foundation for atmospheric data retrieval and compression ofuncalibrated and un-normalized interferograms. The effects of compression on the degradation of the signal and noise reductionin interferogram and spectral domains will be highlighted. A simulation system developed to model the GIFTS instrumentmeasurements is described in detail.AuthorGeosynchronous Orbits; Fourier Transformation; Imaging Spectrometers; Remote Sensing; Atmospheric Sounding; SatelliteObservation; Data Transmission; Data Processing; Data Compression; Data Retrieval; Data Simulation

20010100559 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H., Inst. fuer Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Karlsruhe, GermanyOptimized Microwindows in Atmospheric SpectroscopyvonClarmann, Thomas, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H., Germany; Echle, G., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H.,Germany; Fischer, H., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H., Germany; Glatthor, N., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H.,Germany; Kimmich, E., Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe G.m.b.H., Germany; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land andAtmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 135-142; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

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Hyperspectral remote sensing is a challenge to data analysis due to the large data rate. Since it will often not be possible toanalyze the entity of measured spectral data, so-called ”microwindows” are selected which contain the bulk of information onthe target state parameters to be retrieved. while any interfering signal is minimized. We. discuss the benefits of a quantitativemethod for automatic selection of optimized sets of such microwindows for the. analysis of Michelson Interferometer for PassiveAtmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) data. While MIPAS, which will be operated onboard the polar orbiting environmental satellite(ENVISAT), is not a hyperspectral instrument, it serves as an example to study the power of the microwindow approach. TheMIPAS instrument will measure the infrared emission of various atmospheric trace gases by limb scans covering the altituderegion from 6 to 68 km altitude. Optimal microwindows are small spectral regions, where the target species have prominent, butnon-saturated transitions, and where the contributions of non-target species are low. For each target species and tangent altitudeall spectral regions are identified, where the total retrieval error exhibits a local minimum. Random measurement noise and variousuncertainties in atmospheric and instrumental parameters are taken into account. Microwindow databases and optimum subsetsof microwindows, so-called ”occupation matrices”, are calculated for midlatitude conditions for the main target quantitiestemperature, line-of-sight in terms of tangent altitude, CH4, H2O, N2O, O3, HNO3 and NO2, by using synthetic MIPASmeasurements calculated by line-by-line radiative transfer simulations. The accuracy which can be achieved when usingdedicated sets of microwindows is discussed.AuthorMichelson Interferometers; Atmospheric Sounding; Remote Sensing; Data Processing; Spectral Bands; Errors; Error Analysis;Atmospheric Composition

20010100560 Academia Sinica, Inst. of Remote Sensing Applications, Beijing, ChinaNew Progress in Study on Vegetation Models for Hyperspectral Remote SensingTong, Qing-Xi, Academia Sinica, China; Zhao, Yong-Chao, Academia Sinica, China; Zhang, Xia, Academia Sinica, China;Zhang, Bing, Academia Sinica, China; Zhang, Lan-Feng, Academia Sinica, China; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Landand Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 143-152; In English; See also 20010100544; Sponsored in part by National Key Projectof Science and Technology; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Some new vegetation models for hyperspectral remote sensing are provided in this paper. They are Derivative Spectral Model(DSM), Multi-temporal Index Image Cube Model (MIIC), Hybrid Decision Tree Model (HDT) and Correlation SimulatingAnalysis Model (CSAM). All models are developed and used to process the images acquired by Airborne PushbroomHyperspectral Imager (PHI) in Changzhou area, China, 1999. Some successful applications are provided and evaluated. Theresults show that DSM has the ability of eliminating the background interference of vegetation analysis, MIIC (Multi-TemporalIndex Image Cube) is a viable method for monitoring dynamic change of land cover and vegetation growth stages. HDT iseffective in precise classification of rice land while CSAM provide a possibility and theoretical basis for crop identification, breedclassification, and land information extraction especially for rice.AuthorVegetation; Remote Sensing; Mathematical Models; Decision Theory; Spectral Theory

20010100561 National Inst. of Agro-Environmental Science, Ibaraki, JapanHyperspectral Reflectance Measurements for Estimating Eco-Physiological Status of PlantsInoue, Yoshio, National Inst. of Agro-Environmental Science, Japan; Penuelus, Josep, Autonoma de Barcelona Univ., Spain;Nouevllon, Yann, Water Conservation Lab., USA; Moran, M. Susan, Water Conservation Lab., USA; Hyperspectral RemoteSensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 153-163; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail:Issuing Activity

An AOTF (Acousto-Optic Tunable Filter)-based spectral imager was developed for hyperspectral measurement of plantreflectance in the field. A hyperspectral image cube for the spectral region between 450 nm - 900 nm can be obtained at 3 to 5nm resolution intervals within a few seconds. The system is light and compact, and both the spectral wavelengths and intervalsare programmable with PC control. Wavelengths can be rapidly tuned, either sequentially or randomly. Hyper-spectralmeasurements were taken over plant leaves and canopies using the AOTF system (450-900 nm) and a high-resolution radiometer(400-2500 nm). Both the leaf nitrogen and chlorophyll contents of the rice canopies were well estimated by multiple regressionof high-resolution data in the visible and near-infrared regions. A weak signal at 970 nm and its normalized indices were foundto be useful for estimation of leaf water content. An approach of model inversion was enabled by the use of hyperspectral data.A close and linear relation was found between measured and retrieved water contents. Further, an analysis based on concurrentmeasurements of hyperspectral reflectance and canopy gas exchange by eddy-covariance method suggested the potential of

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normalized weak signal for the spectral assessment of canopy CO2 uptake. The hyperspectral reflectance measurement has greatpotential for estimating the ecological and physio-chemical variables of plant leaves and canopies.AuthorAcousto-Optics; Tunable Filters; Reflectance; Canopies (Vegetation); Leaves; Moisture Content; Chlorophylls; Nitrogen;Carbon Dioxide

20010100563 Nara Women’s Univ., Dept. of Information and Computer Sciences, JapanPattern Decomposition Method for Hyper-multispectral Satellite Data AnalysisFujiwara, Noboru, Nara Women’s Univ., Japan; Ono, Akiko, Nara Women’s Univ., Japan; Daigo, Motomasa, Doshisha Univ.,Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 178-188; In English; See also20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

We have developed ”Pattern Decomposition Method” (PDM) for multi-spectral satellite data based on linear mixing of threestandard spectral patterns of ground objects, namely water, vegetation and soil. In this Method, the spectral reflectance of eachpixel in a satellite image is decomposed into the three components and information of the spectra is represented by a set of threedecomposition coefficients. The applicability of the PDM to continuous spectra of ground objects is studied in the wavelengthregion of 350-2,500 nm. Especially for hyper-multispectral data analysis, data reduction is very important. The continuousspectral reflectance of land cover objects could be decomposed by the standard spectral patterns with accuracy of 4.5%. Mixingratio of land cover objects in a pixel of satellite data could be evaluated using the linear mixing three decomposition coefficients.For detail analysis of vegetation change from vivid state to withered state, availability of a supplementary spectral pattern thatrectify resonance absorption pattern of vivid standard vegetation for spectra of withered vegetation is also studied. The newvegetation index (RVIPD) is proposed as a simple function of the pattern decomposition coefficients including the supplementarypattern. It is confirmed that RVIPD is linear to vegetation cover ratio and also to vegetation quantum efficiency.AuthorDecomposition; Data Reduction; Satellite Imagery; Vegetative Index; Water; Vegetation; Soils; Spectral Reflectance; MixingRatios

20010100564 Chengdu Inst. of Tech., Inst. of Remote Sensing and GIS, Chengdu, ChinaApplications of the Orthophotomaps and Fusion of LANDSAT TM, SPOT and SAR Images in the Studies of the Eventsto Stop Up Water Body and Ecological Environment in the Yangtze Three Gorges Project Region (China)Yang, Wu-Nian, Chengdu Inst. of Tech., China; Pu, Guo-Liang, Chengdu Inst. of Tech., China; Paris, J. P., Groupement pour leDeveloppement de la Teledetection Aerospatiale, France; Cauneau, F., Ecole des Mines de Paris, France; Ranchin, T., Ecole desMines de Paris, France; Li, Yong, Academia Sinica, China; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001;Volume 4151, pp. 189-196; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

In this study, fusion of LANDSAT TM, SPOT and ERS SAR images were done, and then an orthophotomap of the fusionimage of LANDSAT TM453 and SPOT panchromatic image of Yunyang area, the Yangtze Three Gorges Project Region wasmade, which is in 1:50000 scale and up to an international standard of topographic map. With the orthophotomap, many newgeological structures and disasters were identified and positioned. The biggest landslide in the Yangtze River region --JIPAZIlandslide was digitized. 3-D quantitatively analyzing patterns for surveying landslides and rockfalls were established with RS,GIS and GPS techniques. Through phase-separation analysis of remote sensing information field and quantitative processing ofthe linear structures, the relationship between geological disasters and crack structures was found out. Finally, with a syntheticanalysis, these landslides and rockfalls probably to stop up river water and their environmental influence were predicted.AuthorChina; Topography; Relief Maps; Remote Sensing; Canyons; Landslides; Geomorphology

20010100565 Boeing Co., Seattle, WA USAAirborne Hyperspectral Imagery for the Detection of Agricultural Crop StressCassady, Philip E., Boeing Co., USA; Perry, Eileen M., Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., USA; Gardner, Margaret E., CaliforniaUniv., USA; Roberts, Dar A., California Univ., USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume4151, pp. 197-204; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Multispectral digital imagery from aircraft or satellite is presently being used to derive basic assessments of crop health forgrowers and others involved in the agricultural industry. Research indicates that narrow band stress indices derived fromhyperspectral imagery should have improved sensitivity to provide more specific information on the type and cause of crop stress,Under funding from the NASA Earth Observation Commercial Applications Program (EOCAP) we are identifying and evaluatingscientific and commercial applications of hyperspectral imagery for the remote characterization of agricultural crop stress. During

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the summer of 1999 a field experiment was conducted with varying nitrogen treatments on a production corn-field in easternNebraska. The AVIRIS (Airborne Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) hyperspectral imager was flown at two critical datesduring crop development, at two different altitudes, providing images with approximately 18m pixels and 3m pixels.Simultaneous supporting soil and crop characterization included spectral reflectance measurements above the canopy, biomasscharacterization, soil sampling, and aerial photography. In this paper we describe the experiment and results, and examine thefollowing three issues relative to the utility of hyperspectral imagery for scientific study and commercial crop stress products: (1)Accuracy of reflectance derived stress indices relative to conventional measures of stress. We compare reflectance-derived indices(both field radiometer and AVIRIS) with applied nitrogen and with leaf level measurement of nitrogen availability and chlorophyllconcentrations over the experimental plots (4 replications of 5 different nitrogen levels); (2) Ability of the hyperspectral sensorsto detect sub-pixel areas under crop stress. We applied the stress indices to both the 3m and 18m AVIRIS imagery for the entireproduction corn field using several sub-pixel areas within the field to compare the relative sensitivity of each stress index; and(3) Comparative sensitivity of stress indices to realistic measurement uncertainties. We compare the stress indices calculated withseveral levels of spectral uncertainty (by shifting the wavelengths) and reflectance uncertainty (by systematically varying thereflectance retrieval code initialization).AuthorAgriculture; Crop Vigor; Airborne Equipment; Soil Sampling; Spectral Reflectance; Biomass; Aerial Photography; RemoteSensing; Plant Stress

20010100566 Nara Women’s Univ., JapanEstimation Model of Net Primary Production by Vegetation for ADEOS-II/GLI DataFurumi, Shinobu, Nara Women’s Univ., Japan; Ono, Akiko, Nara Women’s Univ., Japan; Muramatsu, Kanako, Nara Women’sUniv., Japan; Fujiwara, Noboru, Nara Women’s Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001;Volume 4151, pp. 205-213; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Many researchers have developed models for estimation of net primary production using satellite data. Especially, NDVI(normalized differential vegetation index) are mainly used for the model because NDVI can be obtained from NOAA/AVHRRdata for global area. However, recent sensors have hyper-multispectral data and these data is expected to be effective for themonitoring of detail vegetation condition. So we developed the estimation model using a new vegetation index RVIPD that reflectsall information of hyper-multispectral data and validated the model using LANDSAT/TM data.AuthorVegetative Index; Vegetation; Spectral Reflectance; Data Reduction

20010100568 Chiba Univ., Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba, JapanMonitoring of the Stability of Boreal Forest Ecosystem in Northeast China in Relation with Natural Disturbance byLANDSAT TM ImageryLiu, Qi-Jing, Chiba Univ., Japan; Kondoh, Akihiko, Chiba Univ., Japan; Tateishi, Ryutaro, Chiba Univ., Japan; Takamura, Tamio,Chiba Univ., Japan; Takeuchi, Nobuo, Chiba Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001;Volume 4151, pp. 222-230; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Changbai mountain is a very important natural reserve in China as well as in the world, because it possesses a highbio-diversity, and is a typical ecosystem representing boreal vegetation. Few studies on the dynamic-equilibrium of forest inrelation with natural disturbance have been reported. In this study, the change of forest vegetation in the reserve was detected byusing LANDSAT TM images. Image differencing between 1984 and 1997 was adopted to derive new images that indicate covertype change. The natural forest in the reserve was in a status of relative equilibrium. The number of pixels with decrease in radiancewas nearly the same as those with increase in radiance. It is demonstrated that the so called climax is not a pure stand which isgenerally assumed to be exclusively dominated by climax species, but a complex of mosaic structure that consisted of patchesin different stages of succession. This climax structure was maintained by natural disturbance like fall. The pioneer patches arepermanent units in the forest community. Gaps are frequently created, and thus the pioneer patches are kept constantly. As a whole,TM imagery is effective for detecting vegetation changes, but tiny gaps with several pixels are difficult to discriminate from noise.The change inside the natural reserve was minor, while the vegetation outside the natural reserve presented an upgrading status,showing the recovery after timber cutting.AuthorChina; Change Detection; Forests; Satellite Imagery; Mountains; Vegetation; Radiance

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20010100569 Rome Univ., Higher Inst. for Occupational Safety and Health, Rome, ItalyHyperspectral Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques Application for the Evaluation and Monitoring of InteractionsBetween Natural Risks and Industrial HazardsMarino, Alessandra, Rome Univ., Italy; Ludovisi, Giancarlo, Rome Univ., Italy; Moccaldi, Antonio, Rome Univ., Italy; Damiani,Fiorenzo, Rome Univ., Italy; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 231-236; InEnglish; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

The aim of this paper is to outline the potential of imaging spectrometry and GIS techniques as tools for the management ofdata rich environments, as complex fluvial areas, exposed to geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological risks. The areaof study, the Pescara River Basin (Central Italy) is characterized by the presence of important industrial sites (Sulmona andPescara) and by the occurrence of floods, landslides and seismic events. Data were collected, during a specific flight, using anhyperspectral MIVIS sensor (102 channels between 0.43 and 12.7 micrometers). Images have been processed in order to obtainupdated and accurate land-cover and land-use maps that have been inserted in a specific GIS database and integrated with furtherinformation like lithology, geological structure, geomorphology, hydrogeological features, productive plants location andcharacters. The processing of data layers was performed, using a dedicated software, through typical GIS operators like indexing,recoding, matrix analysis, proximity analysis. The interactions between natural risks, industrial installations, agricultural areas,water resources and urban settlements have been analysed. This allowed the creation and processing of thematic layers likevulnerability, risk and impact maps.AuthorImaging Techniques; Hazards; Geographic Information Systems; Industrial Areas; Italy; Remote Sensing; Vulnerability;Structural Properties (Geology)

20010100571 Satellite Meteorological Center, Beijing, ChinaSnow Cover Remote Sensing with Multi-sensor DataLiu, Yu-Jie, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Wang, Li-Bo, Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Yuan, Wan-Ping,Satellite Meteorological Center, China; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp.246-256; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Snow cover is an important resource of the Earth. It is a potential factor related to climate and global changes. On accountof its high reflectance and low heat conductivity, the existence of snow cover can affect surface and air temperature, surface albedo,radiation balance, soil moisture and so on. It may have influence on the earth-atmosphere system. In order to study and understandthe impact of snow cover on climate and hydrologic budgets, it is necessary to have variation and distribution of snow cover overa long period. Usually the snow cover data can be got regularly by observation of weather station, but these data are limited topoint surface measurement and poorly represented in mountainous and sparsely inhabited areas. Remote sensing is a powerfultool for snow cover observations.AuthorSnow Cover; Remote Sensing; Meteorological Satellites; Multisensor Applications; Air Land Interactions; Spectral Reflectance

20010100572 Technical Research Associates, Camarillo, CA USAThe Analysis of Data from a Thermal Infrared Hyperspectral InstrumentWinter, Edwin M., Technical Research Associates, USA; Lucey, Paul G., Hawaii Univ., USA; Winter, Michael E., Hawaii Univ.,USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 256-264; In English; See also20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

While reflection band hyperspectral instruments have been in use for over a decade, only recently has data from airbornethermal infrared hyperspectral instruments become available. One such instrument is the Airborne Hyperspectral Imager (AHI).AHI is a pushbroom sensor developed by the University of Hawaii that spans the 8 to 11.5 micrometer spectral band with 32spectral bands and 256 simultaneous spatial channels. While many analysis techniques used for reflection band hyperspectralprocessing can be applied to the thermal band, new procedures had to be developed. In particular, sensor noise and sensornon-linearity induced spectral artifacts are a greater problem than for the VNIR and SWIR. The process begins with calibration,with different calibration files being used to optimize the reduction of sensor artifacts such as shading and striping. Once the datahas been calibrated to radiance units, the absorption and path radiance effects of the atmosphere can be removed, if atmospherictruth is available. Following this step, the apparent emissivity is calculated for every pixel in each band. The data is now in a formthat is analogous to the apparent reflectance images developed for reflection band data. At this point spectral analysis techniquescan be applied to classify the image. The procedure used here was to use an automated endmember determination algorithm,N-FINDR, to determine spectral endmembers and unmix the data cube into fractional abundances. Since some endmembers arelikely to result from residual sensor and cultural artifacts, the automated endmember determination and unmixing procedure is

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performed interactively to optimize results. Both the fractional abundance planes and the endmember spectra themselves are thenreviewed for artifacts. Selected abundance planes that correspond to real minerals can then be combined into a classification map.In this paper, AHI data collected for two applications: the detection of buried land mine application and a geological remotesensing application will be presented using similar processing steps,AuthorInfrared Instruments; Airborne Equipment; Emissivity; Spectral Signatures; Remote Sensing; Calibrating

20010100573 Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Yokahama, JapanToward the Inversion of Vegetation Parameters Using Canopy Reflectance ModelsMatsunaga, Tsuneo, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan; Hoyano, Akira, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan; Kobayashi, Hideki, Tokyo Inst. ofTech., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 265-276; In English; See also20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

In this study, we investigated the invertivility of vegetation parameters from reflectance spectra using Kuusk’s canopyreflectance model. to acquire the bi-directional reflectance factors (BRFs) of the vegetative surface, we developed a multi inputvisible and near infrared spectrometer using a 2D CCD array as detector and four optical fibers as input probes. It can enable usto measure reference spectra and three target spectra simultaneously and it reduces the effect of the fluctuation of the direct solarand diffused sky radiation caused by moving clouds and changing solar direction. BRFs were acquired both in the field and inthe laboratory to investigate the sensitivity of the vegetation parameters to canopy reflectance and compared with calculated ones.The sensitivity of the measured BRFs for each LAI was discussed with comparing in the visible and the near infrared BRFs data.and the possibility of the retrieval of LAI information from the hot spot effect was also discussed.AuthorBidirectional Reflectance; Canopies (Vegetation); Sensitivity; Spectral Reflectance; Vegetation

20010100575 Hokkaido Univ., Inst. of Low Temperature Science, Sapporo, JapanInterpretation of Remotely Sensed Data on Black Spruce and Paper Birch Communities in Alaskan Boreal ForestEnhanced by Fire with Extended SAIL ModelKushida, Keiji, Hokkaido Univ., Japan; Fukuda, Masami, Hokkaido Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land andAtmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 285-294; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

We measured spectral characteristics of black spruce (Picea mariana) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera) communitieselements such as forest floor and leaves to analyze relationships between remotely sensed data and forest structural characteristicsin Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed (CPCRW). Remote sensing technique is necessary as a tool for monitoring borealforest functions and changes including forest fire influences. There are many radiative transfer models of vegetation canopies,however, little field measurements of spectrum of boreal forest elements except for studies by Daughtry, Mesearch, or BOREASProject. This is one of the reasons why we can hardly apply radiative transfer models to interpret satellite data. In this research,We obtained leaf and forest floor spectral characteristics of paper birch, black spruce, and partially burnt black spruce communitiesin CPCRW. As a result of SAIL radiative transfer model calculation with these measured values, we proposed charts to interpretatmospherically corrected LANDSAT TM data of the communities from upper layer leaf area indices, forest floor types, and leafspectral characteristics.AuthorRemote Sensing; Forests; Trees (Plants); Canopies (Vegetation); Satellite Imagery; Spectral Reflectance

20010100576 Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, JapanAtmospheric Transmission Model Development with Fourier Transformed Voigt ProfileKobayashi, Hirokazu, Central Research Inst. of Electric Power Industry, Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land andAtmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 295-299; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Author developed a line-by-line atmospheric transmission model based on the Fourier transformed Voigt function. The Voigtfunction is presented in an integrated form, and direct computation of the function profiles involves a high computational costbecause of its numerical characteristic which introduces slow numerical convergency at some area. Many investigations wereperformed using the polynomial-fitting-to-the-function method to reduce this computation cost. Author introduced a Fouriertransformed Voigt function, and developed a line-by-line transmission model for multiple species and lines. In this model, allline-by-line calculations are done in the numerical space which will be Fourier transformed to the wavenumber space at the endof a process. The developed algorithm uses no approximation method for line shape calculation, and has no limitations for thewavenumber resolution and the wavenumber range. Furthermore, the algorithm represents randomly positioned absorption linesby the uniform method and requires no line shapes mapping into the wavenumber space. The model indicates a straight forward

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implementation procedure for the high-resolution radiation/transmission calculation with huge absorption lines. Authorimplemented the model on a parallel computing environment and verified that the model calculation performance can be expandedwith increasing the number of computing nodes.AuthorAtmospheric Models; Fourier Transformation; Voigt Effect; Parallel Processing (Computers); Transmittance

20010100577 Tohoku Univ., Dept. of Geophysics, Sendai, JapanRegional Distribution of Sensible and Latent Heat Fluxes Over Rice Paddies Using Satellite Infrared Temperature anda Heat Budget ModelMatsushima, Dai, Tohoku Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp.300-308; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

This study aims evaluating regional distribution and diurnal variation of surface sensible and latent beat, fluxes overvegetation (rice paddy) using limited number of satellite infrared images, meteorological data, and a numerical beat budgetsimulation together. Data used in this study are follows: NOAA-AVHRR thermal infrared image (channel 4) for retrieving surfacetemperature, surface and upper meteorological data, time series of solar radiation, and leaf area index (LAI) for determiningsurface aerodynamic conditions. to evaluate sensible-heat flux, retrieving the surface effective temperature of sensible heat fluxis required. This temperature is different from infrared temperature in general, even an original infrared temperature isatmospherically corrected and a correction of emissivity is performed. To retrieve the effective temperature, a parameterizationfor reducing the difference is developed. This parameterization yields standard estimation error of 25 Wm(-2) on half-hourly basis,which is sufficiently small as observational errors. In the above, a method for obtaining a snapshot of sensible heat flux distributionis described. However, number of satellite data is limited for evaluating diurnal variations because of cloud conditions. toovercome this difficulty, a method that a numerical beat budget simulation works together with satellite data is developed. A linearheat budget model, which was originally developed, is used for determining surface aerodynamic and moisture parameters by leastsquares fittings with spatial distributed infrared temperatures. Number of satellite image needed is only once a day. Then, diurnalvariations of heat fluxes are reproduced. Estimation errors are 20-30 Wm(-2) for both sensible and latent heat fluxes.Implementing solar radiation and LAI retrieved by satellite data to the above method and application to other types of vegetationare future issues.AuthorHeat Flux; Diurnal Variations; Satellite Temperature; Heat Budget; Surface Temperature; Solar Radiation; Latent Heat

20010102598 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USARobust Matching of Wavelet Features for Sub-Pixel Registration of LANDSAT DataLeMoigne, Jacqueline, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Netanyahu, Nathan S., Bar-Ilan Univ., Israel; Masek, JeffreyG., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Mount, David M., Maryland Univ., USA; Goward, Samuel, Maryland Univ., USA;[2001]; 3p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

For many Earth and Space Science applications, automatic geo-registration at sub-pixel accuracy has become a necessity.In this work, we are focusing on building an operational system, which will provide a sub-pixel accuracy registration ofLANDSAT-5 and LANDSAT-7 data. The input to our registration method consists of scenes that have been geometrically andradiometrically corrected. Such pre-processed scenes are then geo-registered relative to a database of LANDSAT chips. Themethod assumes a transformation composed of a rotation and a translation, and utilizes rotation- and translation-invariant waveletsto extract image features that are matched using statistically robust feature matching and a generalized Hausdorff distance metric.The registration process is described and results on four LANDSAT input scenes of the Washington, D.C. area are presented.AuthorWavelet Analysis; Satellite Imagery; LANDSAT 7; LANDSAT 5; Image Processing; Metric Space

20010102919 Rutgers - The State Univ., Inst. of Marine and Coastal Science, New Brunswick, NJ USAHarvesting Energy from Redox Potential Gradients in Sediments and Soils Final Report, 1 May 1998 - 31 Dec. 1999Reimers, Clare E.; Dec. 1999; 3p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-98-1-0690Report No.(s): AD-A393630; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Pairs of platinum mesh or graphite fiber electrodes, one embedded in marine sediment (anode), the other in proximal seawater(cathode), have been used to harvest low levels of power from natural, microbe established, voltage gradients at marinesediment-seawater interfaces. The sustained power harvested has been on the order of 0.01 W/sq m of electrode geometric areabut is dependent on electrode design, sediment composition, and temperature. It is proposed that the sediment/anode - seawater/

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cathode configuration constitutes a microbial fuel cell in which power results from the net oxidation of sediment organic matterby dissolved seawater oxygen.DTICElectrodes; Fuel Cells; Sediments; Ocean Bottom; Oxidation-Reduction Reactions; Soils; Platinum

20010104471 Maryland Univ., Dept. of Civil Engineering, College Park, MD USACentrifuge Modelling of Two Civil-Environmental Problems Final Report, 1 May 1996 - 30 Apr. 2001Goodings, Deborah J.; Jul. 17, 2001; 6p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-96-1-0034Report No.(s): AD-A393596; ARO-34816.5-EV; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Research Problem 1: Frost heave and thaw induced settlement in silt and silty clay developing over a year have been modelledcorrectly using a geotechnical centrifuge with tests requiring less than a day. In these tests, freezing model tests in clay have beenconducted. Experimental results indicate the following: freezing regime influences depth of freezing, magnitude of heave, andcharacteristics of the ice; specimen preparation affects heave only through its effect on water content; position of the phreaticsurface has little effect on heave in saturated day; there appear to be scale effects, in terms of the nature of the ice formed in 35g(1:35 scale) models vs 55g (1:55g) models. These characteristics differ from those for freezing in silt where smaller water contentand greater permeability lead to greater depth of freezing and greater heave. Research Problem 2: Capping contaminatedsediments with clean sediments has been used by the US Army to reduce the environmental impact of the contaminated sediments.Preliminary tests to assess the possibility of contaminant breakthrough occurring through the clean sediment cap are complete.The use of rapid centrifuge model tests to model long term effects in the field was considered.DTICSediments; Frost; Heaving; Environmental Surveys; Scale Models; Contaminants; Geotechnical Engineering; Contamination;Freezing

44ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION

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20010099572 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USALoad-Centered Power Generation in Burbank, Glendale, and Pasadena: Potential Benefits for the Cities and forCaliforniaBernstein, Mark; Dreyer, Paul; Hanson, Mark; Kulick, Jonathan; Jan. 2001; 16p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393707; RAND/IP-214-BGP(2001); No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

For the first two years after California deregulated the state’s electricity sector, the restructured system seemed to work asintended. Consumers and businesses paid less for electricity in the new competitive marketplace. But in the summer of 2000, theprices on the spot market for electricity spiked, the cost of power increased tenfold, and the first power shortages appeared,culminating in rolling blackouts during the following winter. More than 30 days of rolling blackouts were predicted statewide forthe summer of 2001, with shortages during peak times estimated at 5,000 megawatts, or about eight percent of demand. Thereis the potential for continued price spikes and shortages through the winter of 2002 and possibly through 2004 if demand remainsstrong and current capacity expectations do not materialize.DTICIndustries; Utilities; Electric Power; Costs; California

20010102907 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USALocal grid refinement for multi-scale geothermal reservoir simulation with TOUGH2Garcia, J.; Pruess, K.; May 01, 2000; 54p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764389; LBNL-45646; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

Thermodynamic conditions of geothermal reservoir fluids, such as pressures, temperatures, phase compositions, andconcentrations of dissolved solids and non-condensable gases, may show strong spatial variability in the vicinity of productionand injection wells. Large spatial variations also can occur near reservoir heterogeneities, such as faults and lithologic contacts.In numerical simulation of flow and transport, fine gridding is required to accurately represent steep changes in fluid conditions.

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This can necessitate prohibitively large numbers of grid blocks in conventional finite difference discretization, where finergridding must be applied globally with reference to a global system of coordinates. The objective of the work presented in thisreport was to develop a more economical alternative, in which fine gridding is applied only to regions in which large gradientsin thermodynamic conditions need to be resolved. We have implemented a scheme for two dimensional local grid refinement intothe general-purpose geothermal reservoir simulator TOUGH2. We discuss the concept and applications to production from andinjection into fractured two-phase reservoirs. The accuracy and economy of local grid refinement are demonstrated by comparisonto simulations using conventional high resolution grids.NTISComputational Grids; Thermodynamics; Geothermal Resources; Computerized Simulation

20010102908 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USAExploratory Technology Research Program for Electrochemical Energy Storage, Annual Report for 1999Kinoshita, K.; May 23, 2000; 71p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764391; LBNL-45767; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Advanced Automotive Technologies conducts research and developmenton advanced rechargeable batteries for application in electric vehicles (EVS) and hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) systems. Problemsimpeding the development of high-energy batteries for use in EVS and high-power batteries for use in HEVS are addressed bythis program. These batteries require continuing research to alleviate materials problems, provide better understanding oflife-limiting and performance-limiting phenomena, improve relevant engineering science and design, and insure a high level ofsafety. This annual report is sub-divided into eight ETR task areas: (1) Optimized Li-ion System, (2) High-PerformanceNon-flammable Electrolytes, (3) Non-carbonaceous Anode Materials, (4) Novel Cathode Materials, (5) Advanced Solid PolymerElectrolytes, (6) Advanced Diagnostic Methods, (7) Improved Electrochemical Models, and (8) Novel Electrode Couples. Thefirst five tasks cover focused areas of research, and the last three form the foundation of a sound exploratory research program.NTISElectrochemical Cells; Technology Utilization; Electric Automobiles; Electric Energy Storage

20010105252 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USASwitchgrass as a Fuel Stock for Electric Power Generation in TennesseeHewitt, W. J.; English, B. C.; Graham, R. L.; Daly, M.; Aug. 24, 1997; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771591; P00-108390; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

This study examined the economic feasibility of switchgrass production and utilization for electric power production inTennessee. Economic feasibility of switchgrass utilization as a feedstock for electric power generation is related to location ofproduction area, electric feasibility location, production and transport costs, and harvesting method. Analysis of the feasibilityof biomass includes the internalizing of environmental costs of SO2 and CO2 into the coal price. A final comparison of the costsof using biomass plus a 1.5 cent/kilowatt hour subsidy is also examined. Finally, the cost savings of a reorganization of harvestingmethods is evaluated and the impacts this reorganization might have on the breakeven cost of biomass is compared to the currentharvesting methods.NTISElectric Generators; Electric Power Plants; Fuels; Costs

20010105274 Niagara Mohawk Power Corp., Syracuse, NY USABiomass power for rural developmentNeuhauser, E.; Oct. 03, 1999; 36p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-760850; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

The retrofit of Dunkirk Steam Station to fire biomass fuels is an important part of the Consortium goal--demonstrating theviability of commercial scale willow energy crop production and conversion to power. The goal for the biomass facilities atDunkirk is to reliably cofire a combination of wood wastes and willow biomass with coal at approximately 20% by heat input.NTISBiomass; Energy Conversion

20010105451 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USAEvaluation of the Li(Si)/FeS2 and Li(Si)/CoS2 Couples for a High-Voltage, High-Power Thermal BatteryGuidotti, R. A.; Reinhardt, F. W.; Jun. 02, 2000; 39p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-759448; SAND2000-1408; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

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A detailed evaluation of the Li(Si)/FeS2 and Li(Si)/CoS2 couples was undertaken to determine which was better suited foruse in a thermal battery with challenging high-voltage and high-power requirements. The battery was to produce a minimumvoltage of 205 V during pulses of 36 A superimposed on a 6-A background load. The final design called for two 96-cell batteriesin series, with each providing 1.1 kW background load, with peak power levels of 6.7 kW. The battery lifetime was to be 5 min.Since it was not possible to duplicate the desired complex waveform exactly, an alternate approximating constant-current loadprofile was used.NTISCouples; Thermal Batteries; Performance Tests

45ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION

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20010099435 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAPredictability of Zonal Means During Boreal SummerSchubert, Siegfried, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Suarez, Max J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA;Pegion, Philip J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Kistler, Michael A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA;Kumar, Arun, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, USA; [2001]; 41p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03,Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This study examines the predictability of seasonal means during boreal summer. The results are based on ensembles ofJune-July-August (JJA) simulations (started in mid May) carried out with the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project(NSIPP-1) atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM) forced with observed sea surface temperatures (SSTS) and sea icefor the years 1980-1999. We find that the predictability of the JJA extra-tropical height field is primarily in the zonal meancomponent of the response to the SST anomalies. This contrasts with the cold season (January-February-March) when thepredictability of seasonal means in the boreal extratropics is primarily in the wave component of the El Nino/Southern Oscillation(ENSO) response. Two patterns dominate the interannual variability of the ensemble mean JJA zonal mean height field. One hasmaximum variance in the tropical/subtropical upper troposphere, while the other has substantial variance in middle latitudes ofboth hemispheres. Both are symmetric with respect to the equator. A regression analysis suggests that the tropical/subtropicalpattern is associated with SST anomalies in the far eastern tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean, while the middle latitude patternis forced by SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific just east of the dateline. The two leading zonal height patterns are reproducedin model runs forced with the two leading JJA SST patterns of variability. A comparison with observations shows a signature ofthe middle latitude pattern that is consistent with the occurrence of dry and wet summers over the United States. We hypothesizethat both patterns, while imposing only weak constraints on extratropical warm season continental-scale climates, may play a rolein the predilection for drought or pluvial conditions.AuthorPredictions; Sea Surface Temperature; Atmospheric General Circulation Models; Regression Analysis; Southern Oscillation;Temperate Regions; Geopotential Height

20010099579 Colorado State Univ., Dept. of Radiological Health Sciences, Fort Collins, CO USAMeasurement of Late Tissue Damage in Rhesus Monkeys Exposed to Protons Final Report, Nov. 1984-Sep. 1995Lett, John T.; Cox, Ann B.; Lee, A. C.; Williams, Gerald R.; Sep. 1995; 14p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F33615-85-C-4514; AF Proj. 7757Report No.(s): AD-A393732; AFRL-HE-BR-TR-2001-0144; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This contract covered studies of the following endpoints in proton-irradiated rhesus monkeys and in age-matched controls:(1) Radiation-accelerated aging of skin fibroblasts in vitro; (2) Wound healing in vivo; (3) Late radiogenic cataracts in rhesusmonkeys; (4) Comparative studies of proton-induced cataracts in Fischer-344 rats. (1 and 2) Some deficits in the abilities ofmonkey skin fibroblasts to perform normal functions in vitro and in vivo were noted following radiation doses slightly higher thanthose to be expected in space, but it was concluded that following ’expected’ doses of space radiation, late harmful sequelae willbe negligible or undetectable in human skin. (3 and 4) Late cataracts may occur in the ocular lenses of some astronauts exposedto non-lethal space radiations, but the kinetics of radiation cataractogenesis in the rhesus monkey indicate that radiogenic cataracts

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should not develop until long after the space mission(s) is (are) over. Laboratory rats are not good models for late cataract studiesbecause of their short life spans and the high levels of cataracts that appear naturally in them early in their life span.DTICProtons; Radiation Effects; Bioastronautics; Tissues (Biology); Ionizing Radiation; Aging (Biology)

20010099878 Argonne National Lab., IL USAPeroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN): historical perspectiveGaffney, J. S.; Marley, N. A.; Oct. 06, 2000; 8p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-766296; ANL/ER/CP-102348; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

This paper is an overview of the history of PAN’s discovery and its connection to plant damage observed in the South CoastAir Basin of southern California. The focus will be the work done by pioneers in this research area, particularly the long-pathinfrared spectroscopy and the chromatography with electron capture detection that enabled further exploration of PAN chemistry.The period from the 1950s to the present will be highlighted. Advances addressed include synthetic procedures, measurementtechniques, laboratory properties (rates of reaction, ultraviolet photolysis, aqueous solubilities), and field measurements.NTISAtmospheric Chemistry; Chromatography; Photolysis; Plants (Botany); Polyacrylonitrile

20010100388 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAAn Overview of the SOLVE-THESEO 2000 CampaignNewman, Paul A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Harris, Neil R. P., Cambridge Univ., UK; Adriani, Alberto,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Italy; Amanatidis, Georgios T., Commission of the European Communities, Belgium;Anderson, James G., Harvard Univ., USA; Braathen, Geir O., Norwegian Inst. for Air Research, Norway; Brune, William H.,Pennsylvania State Univ., USA; Carslaw, Kenneth S., Leeds Univ., UK; Craig, Michael T., NASA Ames Research Center, USA;DeCola, Philip E., NASA, USA; [2001]; 60p; In English; Original contains color illustrations; Sponsored in part by PNCAProgramme, Belgian Offices for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs, Norwegian Research Council and Swedish SpaceBoardContract(s)/Grant(s): CEC-ENV4-CT97-0550; CEC-EVK2-1999-00252; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

Between November 1999 and April 2000, two major field experiments, the SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment(SOLVE) and the Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO 2000), collaborated to form the largest fieldcampaign yet mounted to study Arctic ozone loss. This international campaign involved more than 500 scientists from over 20countries spread across the high and mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere. The main scientific aims of SOLVE-THESEO 2000were to study (a) the processes leading to ozone loss in the Arctic vortex and (b) the effect on ozone amounts over northernmid-latitudes. The campaign included satellites, heavy lift balloon launches, 6 different aircraft, ground stations, and scores ofozone-sonde. Campaign activities were principally conducted in 3 intensive measurement phases centered on early December1999, late January 2000, and early March 2000. Observations made during the campaign showed that temperatures were unusuallycold in the polar lower stratosphere over the course of the 1999-2000 winter. These cold temperatures resulted in the formationof extensive polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) across the Arctic. Heterogeneous chemical reactions on the surfaces of the PSCparticles produced high levels of reactive chlorine within the polar vortex by early January. This reactive chlorine catalyticallydestroyed about 60% of the ozone in a layer near 20 km between late January and mid-March 2000.AuthorOzone Depletion; Ozone; Arctic Regions; Stratosphere; Low Temperature; Ice Clouds; Chlorine; Remote Sensing; PolarMeteorology

20010100558 Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudnyi, USSRComparison Accuracy of Atmospheric Nitrogen Dioxide Profile Retrieval from Measured Transmission Function by TwoSeveral Tape SpectrometersChayanova, Eleonora A., Central Aerological Observatory, USSR; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere;2001; Volume 4151, pp. 126-134; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

In the work the comparison accuracy of atmospheric NO2 density profile retrieval from measured transmission function bytwo several tape space spectrometers had been done. Suppose that solar radiation enters in these spectrometers through the someoptical telescopic system and the mistakes of receiving system are out of the consideration. The first spectrometer is ordinaryinstrument with diffraction grating. This spectrometer measure atmospheric transmission function for several tangent altitude in

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430-450 nm spectral region with resolution 1 nm by limb method using the sun as source of the radiation. The accuracy andresolution of these measurements are high enough but there is complex problem selecting the absorption of NO2 gas from anothergases absorption and the retrieval of NO2 profile from transmission function. In the second spectrometer is used a tunableinterference - polarization filter, so called Woods filter. The basic element of the Woods filter is a plate made of a double-refractioncrystal placed between two mutually perpendicular polarizes. Transmission function of this filter must be coincided with thequasi-periodical vibration spectrum of an NO2 molecule for a 430-450 nm range and must pick out NO2 absorption from anothergas absorption. Errors of the measurement by this spectrometer installed on satellite are compiled from fluctuation backgroundnoise, internal noise of instrument, changing slop spectrum of coming radiation and another. The comparison of mentioned abovemeasuring instruments and methods showed that the accuracy of NO2 profile retrieval is equal into 15-35 km altitude region forboth spectrometers. However the using of correlative spectrometer increase the region of available measurement to 10 km aboveand to 10 km low indicated region.AuthorNitrogen Dioxide; Data Retrieval; Spectrometers; Remote Sensing; Gratings (Spectra); Solar Radiation; Tunable Filters

20010100562 Nara Women’s Univ., Dept. of Information and Computer Sciences, JapanDevelopment of a Model of Radiation Balance Near Ground Level and Application to Satellite Data Analysis: Focus onthe Estimation of Radiative Energy from Surface/Air Based on Measurement DataMuramatsu, Kanako, Nara Women’s Univ., Japan; Fujiwara, Noboru, Nara Women’s Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensingof the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 164-177; In English; See also 20010100544Contract(s)/Grant(s): JSPS-10780326; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Solar irradiance, surface and air temperatures change periodically day by day. Then we measured the surface temperature,air temperature, humidity and wind velocity on various types of ground object such as concrete, asphalt, soil and grass every hourfor one cycle namely 24 hours. The relationship between the diurnal radiative energy from surface/air and diurnal solar irradiancewas studied as a function of time. If the phases of them were adjusted to each other, a linear relationship was established betweenthem. The relationship between diurnal radiative energy from surface and that from air were studied. The clear linear relationshipwas found to hold between them. The values of parameters of the relationship were determined using measured data and comparedwith the estimated values using the radiation balance model. Finally, we tried to estimate radiative energy from surface/airintegrated over a day using LANDSAT/TM data.AuthorSurface Temperature; Atmospheric Temperature; Humidity; Wind Velocity; Diurnal Variations; Light (Visible Radiation);Atmospheric Radiation; Mathematical Models

20010100567 Tokyo Univ., Inst. of Industrial Science, JapanEstimation of Net Photosynthetic Rate Based on In-Situ Hyperspectral DataEndo, Takahiro, Tokyo Univ., Japan; Okuda, Toshinori, National Inst. for Environmental Studies, Japan; Tamura, Masayuki,National Inst. for Environmental Studies, Japan; Yasuoka, Yoshifumi, Tokyo Univ., Japan; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of theLand and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 214-221; In English; See also 20010100544; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Carbon absorption of plants is one of the essential parameters in assessing terrestrial ecosystem functions with respect toglobal warming. It is, however, not easy to estimate carbon absorption directly on the ground. In this study, an experiment methodwas designed to estimate the saturated Amax from hyperspectral data in the laboratory and in the field scale. Firstly, we measuredthe relationship between biochemical concentrations and parameters of ”Blackman” photosynthetic rate model. Secondly wemeasured the relationship between biochemical concentration and hyperspectral characteristics. High-resolution reflectance overa range of 333 - 2507 nm with resolution of about 1.5 - 10 nm and net Amax - photon flux density (PFD) were measuredrespectively by the GER 2600 and Li-6400. Also, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a+b and nitrogen concentration werequantitatively analyzed from in situ measurement of cucumber’s fresh leaves that were cultivated for different biochemicalconcentration in a greenhouse chamber. Correlation between saturated Amax and chlorophyll a and nitrogen concentration wasr2 = 0.90, and 0.91, respectively. Chlorophyll b didn’t show any correlation with saturated Amax. Chlorophyll a and nitrogenconcentrations were estimated by using the first derivative spectral reflectance (RF’) of fresh leaf. RF’ at 678.011 nm correlatedbest with chlorophyll a concentration (r2 = 0.81). RF’ at 732.122 nm correlated best with nitrogen concentration (r2 = 0.86).Finally, net Amax. at given PFD was estimated by the photosynthetic rate model. A correlation between the actual net Amax andthe estimated net Amax was r2 = 0.74. In this study, both chlorophyll a and nitrogen concentrations show good correlation withsaturated Amax.AuthorCarbon; Spectral Reflectance; Nitrogen; Chlorophylls; Photon Density; Remote Sensing

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20010100570 National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo, JapanLight Energy Loss and its Application to Estimate a Global Energy UsageIsobe, Syuzo, National Astronomical Observatory, Japan; Hamamura, Shiomi, National Astronomical Observatory, Japan;Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151, pp. 237-245; In English; See also 20010100544;Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

We are now developing a system to estimate light energy loss to space using the US DMSP (Defense Meteorological SatelliteProgram) data and obtained many interesting results. The satellites have solar synchronous orbits with altitude around 800 km,and continuously obtain absolute (well-calibrated) flux of terrestrial surface light. City light ejected to space is mostly energy lossbecause the light is not used to illuminate objects to be seen or decorated. The total amount of its energy loss in Japan estimatedby us is an order of 20 billion yen (about 200 million US dollars). We are now estimating its loss for each cities (or areas) in Japanand in the world. Further, we found a possibility to estimate energy usage of each country after obtaining a clear relation betweenlight energy loss and electric energy usage within different areas of individual electric companies in Japan. Therefore, we wouldlike to conclude that our continuous estimation of city light from space are and will be creating a global information of energyusage.AuthorEnergy Dissipation; Energy Consumption; Cities; Night Sky; Sky Brightness; Satellite Observation

20010100574 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USATropospheric Ozone Near-Nadir-Viewing IR Spectral Sensitivity and Ozone Measurements from NAST-IZhou, Daniel K., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Smith, William L., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Larar, AllenM., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Hyperspectral Remote Sensing of the Land and Atmosphere; 2001; Volume 4151,pp. 277-283; In English; See also 20010100544; Original contains color illustrations; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Infrared ozone spectra from near nadir observations have provided atmospheric ozone information from the sensor to theEarth’s surface. Simulations of the NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) from the NASA ER-2 aircraft(approximately 20 km altitude) with a spectral resolution of 0.25/cm were used for sensitivity analysis. The spectral sensitivityof ozone retrievals to uncertainties in atmospheric temperature and water vapor is assessed in order to understand the relationshipbetween the IR emissions and the atmospheric state. In addition, ozone spectral radiance sensitivity to its ozone layer densitiesand radiance weighting functions reveals the limit of the ozone profile retrieval accuracy from NAST-I measurements. Statisticalretrievals of ozone with temperature and moisture retrievals from NAST-I spectra have been investigated and the preliminaryresults from NAST-I field campaigns are presented.AuthorTroposphere; Ozone; Remote Sensing; Interferometers; Airborne Equipment; Infrared Spectra; Spectral Sensitivity; SensitivityAnalysis

20010101090 Argonne National Lab., IL USANortheast oxidant and particulate study (NEOPS): preliminary results from the Centerton, New Jersey field siteMarley, N. A.; Gaffney, J. S.; Drayton, P. J.; Ravelo, R. M.; Oct. 06, 2000; 8p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-766297; ANL/ER/CP-102349; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

During the summer of 1999, tropospheric chemistry measurements were taken as part of the Northeast Oxidant andParticulate Study (NEOPS). The primary NEOPS air sampling station was in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. At the rural Centerton,New Jersey, site, southeast of Philadelphia, sodar and RASS (radio acoustic sounding system) measurements were obtained todetermine the wind direction and the boundary layer height. Balloon soundings with relative humidity, temperature, and pressuresensors were taken in the morning, at noon, and in the afternoon.NTISParticulates; Atmospheric Chemistry; Troposphere; Meteorological Parameters; Acoustic Sounding

20010102757 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USAEnvironmental Contamination: Cleanup Actions at Formerly Used Defense SitesJuly 2001; 25p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393797; GAO-01-557; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Identification, investigation, and cleanup of hazardous substances under DOD’s FUDS program are authorized by theDefense Environmental Restoration program (DERP). Such actions must be carried out consistent with the ComprehensiveEnvironmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCIA) as amended by the Superfund Amendments and

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Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA), which established DERP. The goals of the program also include the correction ofenvironmental damage. to fund the program, SARA set up the Defense Environmental Restoration Account. DOD has establishedspecific goals for the cleanup of properties, including FUDS, that have hazardous, toxic, and radioactive wastes in the soil andwater. These goals include having an approved cleanup process in place or cleanup complete at 100 percent of all such propertiesby the end of fiscal year 2014. DOD has not yet set any goals for projects involving hazardous, toxic, and radioactive waste incontainers, unexploded ordnance, other explosive wastes, or unsafe building demolition. Total spending for the FUDS cleanupprogram since fiscal 1984 is $2.6 billion. During the most recent past five fiscal years (1997-2001), annual program funding forFUDS cleanup averaged about $238 million, with program funding in fiscal year 2001 of $231 million. The Corps’ estimate ofthe additional cost to complete cleanup of the 4,467 currently identified projects is about $13 billion, not including programmanagement or support costs or inflation beyond fiscal year 2007. Also omitted from the estimated cost is a revised cost projectionfor the cleanup of unexploded ordnance, which resulted from a recent survey of DOD training ranges. According to Corpsofficials, the revised cost projection for ordnance cleanup would add another $5 billion or more, depending on the level of cleanupselected, to the estimated cost to complete all FUDS projects.DTICEnvironmental Cleanup; Contamination; Environment Management; Environment Protection; Hazardous Materials

20010102899 Eastern Research Group, Inc., Morrisville, NC USAIntegrated Iron and Steel Industry Final Report Manual Testing, Volume 2, LTV Steel Company Indiana Harbor Works,East Chicago, Illinois Final ReportAugust 1999; 636p; In EnglishReport No.(s): PB2001-103509; No Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

Integrated iron and steel manufacturing is among the categories of major sources for which national emission standards forhazardous air pollutants (NESHAPS) are to be issued by November 2000 pursuant to Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. Theintegrated iron and steel manufacturing category includes mills that produce steel from iron ore. Key processes and unit operationsinclude sinter production, iron production, steel making, continuous casting, and the preparation of semi-finished products.Source tests are required to quantify and hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions, and to characterize the performance of asintering plant equipped with a venturi scrubber.NTISAir Pollution; Contaminants; Pollution Control; Manufacturing; Iron; Steels; Casting; Exhaust Emission

20010102904 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USASummary of assessment of the air quality modeling efforts in southwest WyomingLunden, M.; Fine, J.; Singer, B.; Brown, N.; Reynolds, S.; Nov. 10, 1999; 18p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764382; LBNL-45458; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (and Envair, in a subcontract to LBNL) and Radian International collaborated onthis study. Part I represents the findings of LBNL that emphasize examining the modeling system and supporting data bases. PartII represents the finding of Radian that emphasize emissions and trends in emissions in the oil and gas industry.NTISAir Quality; Environment Models; Wyoming; Technology Assessment

20010102905 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USARecent research on indoor air quality: A compilation in memory of Joan DaiseyAug. 01, 1999; 141p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764383; LBNL-45463; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

This LBNL report is a compilation of the 24 papers presented by Indoor Environment Department researchers and ourcollaborators at other institutions at the 8(star) International Conference on Indoor Air Quality & Climate (Indoor Air ’99), heldin Edinburgh, Scotland, August 8-13, 1999. These papers represent a cross-section of a substantial part of the ongoing researchin the department.NTISConferences; Indoor Air Pollution; Scotland

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20010103563 Parsons Engineering Science, Inc., Denver, CO USAWork Plan for the Evaluation of Soil Vapor Extraction Using Internal Combustion Engine Technology at Site SS-42 LukeAir Force Base, Arizona Final ReportJul. 1996; 81p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392111; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This work plan describes a pilot-scale treatability demonstration to test the effectiveness of an internal combustion engine(ICE) to extract and treat nonchlorinated, fuel hydrocarbon volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at Site SS-42, at Luke Air ForceBase (AFB), Arizona (Figure 1.1). Luke AFB is one of several Air Force installations identified as prospective test sites todemonstrate the ICE system with advanced emission controls as part of a low-cost soil vapor extraction (SVE) for sitescontaminated with fuel VOCs. The ICE and emission control system to be tested is manufactured by VR Systems Inc. of Anaheim,California.DTICSoils; Volatile Organic Compounds; Internal Combustion Engines; Extraction; Fuel Contamination

20010103773 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USASite Environmental Report for 1999, Volume 2Ruggieri, M.; Aug. 01, 2000; 140p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764279; LBL-27170-(2000)-VOL-2; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

Each year, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory prepares an integrated report on its environmentalprograms to satisfy the requirements of USA Department of Energy Order 231.1. The Site Environmental Report for 1999 isintended to summarize Berkeley Lab’s compliance with environmental standards and requirements, characterize environmentalmanagement efforts through surveillance and monitoring activities, and highlight significant programs and efforts for calendaryear 1999. The report is separated into two volumes. Volume I contains a general overview of the Laboratory, the status ofenvironmental programs, and summary results from surveillance and monitoring activities. Each chapter in Volume I begins withan outline of the sections that follow, including any tables or figures found in the chapter. Readers should use section numbers(e.g., (section)1.5) as navigational tools to find topics of interest in either the printed or the electronic version of the report. VolumeII contains the individual data results from monitoring programs.NTISEnvironmental Quality; Laboratories; Reports

20010103774 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USASite Environmental Report for 1999, Volume 1Ruggieri, M.; Aug. 12, 2000; 122p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764278; LBL-27170-(2000)-VOL-1; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

Each year, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory prepares an integrated report on its environmentalprograms to satisfy the requirements of USA Department of Energy Order 231.1. The Site Environmental Report for 1999 isintended to summarize Berkeley Lab’s compliance with environmental standards and requirements, characterize environmentalmanagement efforts through surveillance and monitoring activities, and highlight significant programs and efforts for calendaryear 1999. The report is separated into two volumes. Volume I contains a general overview of the Laboratory, the status ofenvironmental programs, and summary results from surveillance and monitoring activities. Each chapter in Volume I begins withan outline of the sections that follow, including any tables or figures found in the chapter. Readers should use section numbers(e.g., (section)1.5) as navigational tools to find topics of interest in either the printed or the electronic version of the report. Volume2 contains the individual data results from monitoring programs.NTISEnvironmental Quality; General Overviews; Reports; Laboratories

20010103776 Argonne National Lab., IL USAQuantifying the fuel use and greenhouse gas reduction potential of electric and hybrid electric vehiclesPatterson, P. P.; Bohn, T.; Hazard, N.; Singh, M.; Wang, M.; Sep. 26, 2000; 16p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764273; ANL/ES/CP-102928; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

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The ATdS offers a unique opportunity to collect on-the-road energy efficiency data for EVS and HEVS as well as comparablegasoline vehicles driven under the same conditions. Using these data, electricity generation mix data, and a transportationfuel-cycle model (called GREET, Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation), the full fhel-cycleenergy use and GHG emissions of selected EVS, HEVS, and baseline gasoline vehicles were estimated. The oil use and GHGemission reduction potential of the individual EVS and HEVS competing in the ATdS were estimated and found to be substantial.These per-vehicle oil and carbon reductions were used to justify assumptions about EV and HEV efficiencies which were thencombined with assumptions of market penetrations to estimate the possible future reductions in oil use and carbon emissions forthe U.S.NTISGreenhouses; Gasoline; Electric Hybrid Vehicles; Amount; Oils

20010104353 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam NetherlandsComparison of Integration Methods for Atmospheric Transport-Chemistry Problems. Modelling, Analysis andSimulationBlom, J. G.; Vermer, J. G.; Apr. 1999; 22pReport No.(s): PB2001-108629; MAS-R9910; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche

This paper is devoted to the time integration of atmospheric transport-chemistry problems. Due to the large number of speciesand the 3D nature off-the-shelf solvers are not feasible. This has led to the use of special techniques. Most popular is operatorsplitting. This paper presents a comparison between standard operator splitting, source splitting and approximate matrixfactorization. All methods under consideration are comparable in costs measured step wise. The comparison is directed at real-lifeproblems. For that purpose a regional air pollution model is used.NTISAir Pollution; Atmospheric Circulation; Environment Models; Atmospheric Chemistry

20010104656 NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York, NY USASpatial and temporal patterns of biotic exchange of CO2, Volume 1 Final ReportFung, Inez, NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, USA; Sep. 30, 1995; 6p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DE-AI05-92ER-61084Report No.(s): DE2001-764568; DOE/ER/61084-1-Vol-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Our research is focused on a better quantification of the variations in C02(sub) exchanges between the atmosphere andbiosphere and the factors responsible for these exchanges. The principal approach is to infer the variations in the exchanges fromvariations in the atmospheric C02(sub) distribution.NTISCarbon Dioxide; Pattern Recognition; Spatial Distribution; Atmospheric Composition

20010105188 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USAWindows Calorimeter Control (WinCal) program computer software test planPertzborn, N. F.; Mar. 26, 1997; 26pReport No.(s): DE2001-16929; HNF-SD-CP-TP-093; DE98059775,EW3135040; No Copyright; Avail: Department of EnergyInformation Bridge, Microfiche

This document provides the information and guidelines necessary to conduct all the required testing of the WindowsCalorimeter Control (WinCal) system. The strategy and essential components for testing the WinCal System Project are describedin this test plan. The purpose of this test plan is to provide the customer and performing organizations with specific proceduresfor testing the specified systems functions.NTISCalorimeters; Computer Programs; Performance Tests

20010105197 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USAIntegration plan required by performance agreement SM 7.2.1Diediker, L. P.; Mar. 28, 1997; 73pReport No.(s): DE2001-16866; HNF-MR-0535; DE98059711,EW3130020; No Copyright; Avail: Department of EnergyInformation Bridge, Microfiche

The document provides recommendations on future activities to better integrate the overall environmental monitoringprogram, with emphasis on the near-field program. In addition, included is the Fluor Daniel Hanford, Inc. team review of the

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environmental monitoring activities on the Hanford Site, with concurrence of Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and BechtelHanford, Inc.NTISEnvironmental Monitoring; Management Planning

20010105210 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USASensitivity Study of the Urban Effect on a Regional-Scale Model: An Idealized CaseChin, H. S.; Leach, M. J.; Brown, M. J.; Sep. 01, 2000; 5p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764066; LA-UR-00-3026; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Urban infrastructure impacts the surface and atmospheric properties, such as wind, temperature, turbulence and radiationbudgets. The well-recognized urban heat island phenomenon, characterized by the temperature contrast between the city and thesurrounding rural area, is one such impact. Many field experiments have been conducted to study the urban heat island effect,which is typically most intense under clear sky and weak ambient wind conditions at night. In some cases, a cool island may evenexist during the day.NTISSensitivity Analysis; Mathematical Models; Heat Islands; Cities; Surface Properties; Atmospheric Effects; Earth RadiationBudget

20010105243 BAE Systems, IR Imaging Systems, Lexington, MA USAAIRS-Light Instrument Concept and Critical Technology DevelopmentMaschhoff, Kevin, BAE Systems, USA; [2001]; 8p; In English; Earth Science Technology Conference, 28-30 Aug. 2001,Greenbelt, MD, USAContract(s)/Grant(s): NAS5-99140; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Understanding Earth’s climate, atmospheric transport mechanisms, and the hydrologic cycle requires a precise knowledgeof global atmospheric circulation, temperature profiles, and water vapor distribution. The accuracy of advanced sounders suchas AIRS/AMSU/HSB on NASA’s Aqua spacecraft can match radiosonde accuracy. It is essential to fold those capabilities fullyinto the NPOESS, enabling soundings of radiosonde accuracy, every 6 hours around the globe on an operational basis. However,the size, mass, power demands, and thermal characteristics of the Aqua sounding instrument suite cannot be accommodated onthe NPOESS spacecraft. AIRS-Light is an instrument concept, developed under the Instrument Incubator Program, whichprovides IR sounding performance identical to the AIRS instrument, but uses advances in HgCdTe FPA technology and pulse tubecooler technology, as well as design changes to dramatically reduce the size, mass, and power demand, allowing AIRS-Light tomeet all NPOESS spacecraft interface requirements. The instrument concept includes substantial re-use of AIRS componentdesigns, including the complex AIRS FPA, to reduce development risk and cost. The AIRS-Light Instrument Incubator programfostered the development of photovoltaic-mode HgCdTe detector array technology for the 13.5-15.4 micron band covered byphotoconductive-mode HgCdTe arrays in AIRS, achieved state of the art results in this band, and substantially reduced thedevelopment risk for this last new technology needed for AIRS-Light implementation, A demonstration of a prototype 14.5-15.4micron band IRFPA in a reduced heat-load dewar together with the IMAS pulse tube cryocooler is in progress.AuthorAtmospheric Circulation; Hydrological Cycle; Atmospheric Temperature; Water Vapor; Temperature Profiles; Radiosondes

20010105250 Federal Energy Technology Center, Morgantown, WV USASO(x)-NO(x)-ROX Box Flue Gas Cleanup Demonstration: A DOE AssessmentDec. 15, 2000; 34p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771594; DOE/NETL-2001/1135; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

The SNRB test program demonstrated the feasibility of controlling multiple emissions from a coal-fired boiler in a singleprocessing unit. The degree of emissions removals for SO2, NO(x), and particulates all exceeded the project goals. A high degreeof removal for HAPs was also achieved. The SNRB system offers low space requirements, control of multiple pollutants, andoperating flexibility. The pneumatic SO2 sorbent and ammonia injection systems are expected to have high reliability becauseof their mechanical simplicity. Despite these advantages, the SNRB process may not be an economic choice for applicationsinvolving SO2 removals above about 85%. For lower levels of SO2 removal, the projected economics for SNRB appear to be morefavorable than those of existing processes which involve separate units for the same degree of control for SO2, NO(x), andparticulates.NTISContaminants; Air Pollution; Pollution Control; Emission; Particulates; Cleaning; Flue Gases

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20010105281 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USASequestration of Carbon Dioxide by Carbonation of Minerals at Supercritical Fluid ConditionsMartinez, A. M.; Rubin, J. B.; Sep. 15, 2000; 18p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762302; LA-UR-00-4286; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The increasing concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (C02), generated by energy and process industries is receivingheightened international attention. Methods are being sought to reduce emissions and to remove from the environment C02already produced. A sequestration strategy has been proposed whereby C02 can be disposed of through the carbonation ofnaturally occurring magnesium silicate minerals such as serpentine and olivine. The resulting nontoxic magnesium carbonate isthermodynamically stable, thereby offering permanent disposal of the C02 in safe form. Furthermore, sufficient high qualitymagnesium silicate deposits exist worldwide in order to easily handle the C02 resulting from the consumption of all of the worldscoal and petroleum reserves.NTISMinerals; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Dioxide Concentration; Carbonization

20010105463 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, MA USAPhysical Processes Governing Atmospheric Trace Constituents Measured from an Aircraft on PEM-Tropics Final Report,1 Mar. 1999 - 28 Feb. 2001Newell, Reginald E., Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., USA; Oct. 19, 2001; 4p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): NAG1-2173; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Before the mission, the PI (principal investigator) was instrumental in securing real-time use of the new 51-level ECMWF(European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) meteorological data. During the mission, he provided flight planningand execution guidance as meteorologist for the P-3B. Mr. Yong Zhu computed and plotted meteorological forecast maps usingthe ECMWF data and transmitted them to the field from MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). Dr. John Cho was in thefield for the Christmas Island portion to extract data from the on-site NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)radars for local wind profiles that were used at the flight planning meetings. When the power supply for the VHF radar failed,he assisted the NOAA engineer in its repair. After the mission, Mr. Zhu produced meteorological data memos, which were madeavailable to the PEM (Pacific Exploratory Mission)-Tropics B science team on request. An undergraduate student, Ms. DanielleMorse, wrote memos annotating the cloud conditions seen on the aircraft external monitor video tapes. Dr. Cho and the PIcirculated a memo regarding the status (and associated problems) of the meteorological measurement systems on the DC-8 andP-3B to the relevant people on the science team. Several papers by members of our project were completed and accepted by JGR(Journal of Geophysical Research) for the first special section on PEM-Tropics B. These papers included coverage of thefollowing topics: 1) examination of boundary layer data; 2) water vapor transport; 3) tropospheric trace constituent layers; 4)summarizations of the meteorological background and events during PEM-Tropics B; 5) concomitant lidar measurements ofozone, water vapor, and aerosol.Derived from textData Acquisition; Meteorological Instruments; Trace Elements; Tropical Regions; Weather Forecasting; Atmospheric Chemistry

46GEOPHYSICS

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20010099208 Army Research Lab., Sensors Directorate, Adelphi, MD USAA One-Dimensional Atmospheric Boundary Layer Model: Intermittent Wind Shears and Thermal Stability at NightTurnick, Arnold; Jun. 2001; 28p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392277; ARL-MR-494; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A one-dimensional, time-dependent computer model of the atmospheric boundary layer was developed to simulateintermittent turbulence and the near-ground microclimate under nighttime stable conditions. In this study, the model producedseveral turbulent events (oscillations) through the nighttime period that varied in number, frequency, and strength along the axesof initial geostrophic wind speed. These results were found to be in close agreement with results from several previous

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observational and theoretical studies of this type. It is suggested, therefore, that the one-dimensional computer model is a usefulmathematical representation of the nighttime case that includes intermittency.DTICAtmospheric Boundary Layer; Computerized Simulation; Geostrophic Wind; Intermittency; Microclimatology

20010099434 Kyushu Univ., Faculty of Engineering, Fukuoka, JapanDistribution of Concrete Corrosive Ground by Geological StudySato, Toshiyuki, Kyushu Univ., Japan; Matsushita, Hiromichi, Kyushu Univ., Japan; Technology Reports of Kyushu University;July 2001; ISSN 0023-2718; Volume 74, No. 4, pp. 299-306; In Japanese; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

The deterioration of concrete structure occurs due to various factors. The safety of concrete structure is attacked by additionalenvironmental hazards. In this paper, geographical regions which cause sulfate attack of concrete housing foundations werediscussed. Firstly, an example of collapse due to deterioration of concrete housing foundations on land developed with coal wastein an old coal-mining area was discussed. Next, a similar case of damage of concrete housing foundations on land developed withmudstones of Neogene formation was verified. As a result, it became clear that the sulfate ion in the ground of Neogene formationswas high concentration. This concentration was caused by an increase of the sulfate ion due to oxidized pyrite. Samples weresubjected to scanning electron microscope analysis. and distribution maps of the concrete corrosive ground based on geologicalfactors were presented, and geographical regions were noted.AuthorConcrete Structures; Corrosion; Sulfates; Pyrites; Oxidation

20010100492 Terra Tek, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT USACharacterization of Rocks and Grouts to Support DNA’s Verification Program, 1 Mar. 1993-31 Dec. 1994Martin, J. W., Terra Tek, Inc., USA; Heroux, Sherri A., Terra Tek, Inc., USA; September 2000; 237p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DNA001-93-C-0040Report No.(s): AD-A389170; TR-95-36; DNA-TR-94-187; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

The mechanical and physical properties of various geologic materials and man-made grouts have been determined. Thetesting was in support of the Defense Nuclear Agency’s (DNA) Treaty Verification program. Specifically, test data was generatedfor use with DNA’s HYDROPLUS program. The tests performed included unconfined compression tests, uniaxial strain tests,physical properties, ultrasonic velocities, XRD mineralogy, and lithologic descriptions. In some instances, gas gun samples wereprepared and shipped to DNA’s gas gun experimentalists.DTICMechanical Properties; Compression Tests; Mineralogy; Physical Properties; Lithology; Acoustic Velocity

20010101185 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAOxidized and Reduced Biogenic Nitrogen Compound Emissions into the Rural Troposphere: Characterization andModelingRoelle, Paul A.; Jan. 2001; 235p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393631; AFIT-CI-01-206; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

Nitrogen compound emissions are known to have profound effects on air quality. Consequences associated with increasedemissions of oxidized and reduced nitrogen species are known to be increased tropospheric ozone production, fine particulateaerosol production, nitrate contamination of drinking water, eutrophication and acidification of soil and water bodies. It is wellrecognized that soil emissions can contribute a substantial percent of the total inventory for both the oxidized and reduced species,but great uncertainty still exists in this inventory. Using a dynamic flow-through chamber technique in conjunction with astate-of-the-art mobile laboratory, this research attempts to characterize and model these oxidized and reduced biogenic nitrogencompound emissions into the rural troposphere. North Carolina has relatively recently witnessed the increased use of bothmunicipal waste biosolids and the land application of swine waste effluent; two processes which both contribute nitrogen to theecosystem. The first of these processes involves the land application of municipal waste biosolids as a cost effective way to disposeof these nutrient rich byproducts of the wastewater treatment process. During the last three decades extensive research has beenconducted on nitric oxide emissions from agricultural soils and consequently an extensive database has been developed whichis used to relate these emissions to various environmental parameters. Biosolid amended soils, however remain a land-use typewhich are comparatively much less studied.DTICAtmospheric Chemistry; Nitrogen Compounds; Troposphere

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20010103202 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, MA USALaboratory Studies of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Chemical Processes of Importance in the Upper AtmosphereAnnual ReportMolina, Mario J., Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., USA; [2001; 7p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-8887; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The objective of this study is to conduct measurements of chemical kinetics parameters for reactions of importance in thestratosphere and upper troposphere, and to study the interaction of trace gases such as HCl with ice surfaces in order to elucidatethe mechanism of heterogeneous chlorine activation processes, using both a theoretical and an experimental approach. Themeasurements will be carried out under temperature and pressure conditions covering those applicable to the stratosphere andupper troposphere. The techniques to be employed include turbulent flow - chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and opticalellipsometry. The next section summarizes our research activities during the second year of the project, and the section that followsconsists of the statement of work for the third year.AuthorChemical Reactions; Heterogeneity; Upper Atmosphere; Turbulent Flow; Reaction Kinetics

20010103214 National Research Inst. for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Solid Earth Science Div., Tsukuba, JapanThree-Dimensional Velocity Structure of the Kanto-Tokai District, Japan, Part 3, Summary of Observational Resultsfrom the Special Research Project ”Research on Crustal Activities in the Kanto-Tokai District”Sekiguchi, Shoji, National Research Inst. for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention, Japan; Technical Note of the NationalResearch Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention; March 2001; ISSN 0917-057X, TN-213, pp. 1-55; In Japanese;Original contains color illustrations; Copyright Waived; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A three dimensional velocity structure of the Kanto-Tokai district, Japan was obtained by means of the travel timetomography using P and S travel time data observed by the APE system over a period of 18 years. Low velocity zonescorresponding to the subducted oceanic crust of the Philippine Sea plate and the Pacific plate are clearly discriminated. A highvelocity area which should be an aseisimic slab, was also discovered ahead of the leading edge of the subducted Philippine Seaplate.AuthorTomography; Japan; Ocean Bottom; Plates (Tectonics); Three Dimensional Models; Velocity Distribution

20010103245 Naval Postgraduate School, Dept. of Oceanography, Monterey, CA USAThe Physical Characteristics of Bottom Sediment Near Sur Ridge, CaliforniaGabriel, Christopher L.; Mar. 2001; 189p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A391676; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

A study was conducted to determine the relationships between the geomorphology, sedimentology and acoustic propertiessurrounding Sur Ridge, California, in an effort to determine their effects on acoustic tomography. Eleven gravity cores were takenin the vicinity of Sur Ridge. Detailed acoustic and sedimentologial analyses were conducted on the sediment within each core.The acoustic characteristics of the sediment and the geomorphology of Sur slope were examined to determine their impact on thearrival times and structures of acoustic tomography signals sent from a source on Davidson Seamount to a receiver on Sur Ridge.Based on analyses of cores collected for this study, it was found that sediment along the western slope of Sur Ridge are composedprimarily of hemipelagic silty clays. Sediment within the trough to the east of Sur Ridge are fine sands composed primarily ofrelict glauconite grains that appear to be a lag deposit created by a relatively strong bottom current. The in-situ compressional wavevelocities and wet bulk densities from the cores taken along the lower part of Sur slope were then assimilated into an existingacoustic model in an attempt to improve the accuracy of the model. Results indicated that due to the presence of a sound channelin the surficial sediment, the cores taken did not penetrate deep enough into the sediment in order to obtain an accurate profileof the compressional wave velocity gradient within the sediment.DTICSediments; Acoustic Measurement; Physical Properties; Ocean Bottom; Geomorphology; Tomography

20010104352 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam NetherlandsMaxwell Stability Criterion in Pseudo-Energy Models of Kink BandingHunt, G. W.; Peletier, M. A.; Ahmer Wadee, M.; May 1999; 30pReport No.(s): PB2001-108630; MAS-R9911; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche

Kink banding, common to many structures in nature and engineering, has several distinctive features-notably highlynonlinear snap-back instability leading to localization and sequential lock-up. The proposed friction model, although simplified,

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introduces these defining characteristics without obscuring them by including other effects of lesser immediate significance. Inthe absence of small imperfections or disturbances, linearized theory suggests that in its pre-kinked configuration the system nevergoes unstable. However, under sufficient applied end-displacement it is shown to be in a state of extreme metastability, such thatmicro-disturbances would trigger the nonlinear response. to overcome this problem the authors adopt an energy approach basedon a global rather than a local stability criterion. When applied to imperfect systems with small initial misalignments, the criticaldisplacement thus defined shows little of the sensitivity expected from other stability criteria, and provides a useful lower boundon the expected critical displacement and associated load.NTISMaxwell Equation; Mathematical Models; Energy Methods; Structural Stability; Metastable State

20010104468 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAInternational Solar-Terrestrial Program Key Parameter Visualization Tool Data: USA_NASA_DDF_ISTP_KP_0166Ocuna, M. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Ogilvie, K. W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Baker,D. N., Colorado Univ., USA; Curtis, S. A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Fairfield, D. H., NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center, USA; Mish, W. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 2000; In English; CD-ROM contains the productdata files in minor subdirectories which are specific to the mission, instrument, and data type being distributed on this disk; TheCD-ROM conforms to the ISO 9660 format and as such is constrained to the 8.3 file naming convention. It is platform independent,and will not contain any specific platform information (e.g. RMS data specifics)Report No.(s): NP-2000(06)-066-GSFC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, CD-ROM

The Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) is designed to improve greatly the understanding of the flow of energy, massand momentum in the solar-terrestrial environment with particular emphasis on ”Geospace”. The Global Geospace ScienceProgram is the US contribution to the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. This CD-ROM issuedescribes the WIND and POLAR spacecraft, the scientific experiments carried onboard, the Theoretical and Ground Basedinvestigations which constitute the US Global Geospace Science Program and the ISTP Data Systems which support the dataacquisition and analysis effort. The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) Key Parameter Visualization Tool(KPVT), provided on the CD-ROM, was developed at the ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF). The KPVTis a generic software package for visualizing the key parameter data produced from all ISTP missions, interactively andsimultaneously. The tool is designed to facilitate correlative displays of ISTP data from multiple spacecraft and instruments, andthus the selection of candidate events and data quality control. The software, written in IDL, includes a graphical/widget userinterface, and runs on many platforms, including various UNIX workstations, Alpha/Open VMS, Macintosh (680x0 andPowerPC), and PC/Windows NT, Windows 3.1, and Windows 95.Derived from textSolar Terrestrial Interactions; Earth Ionosphere; Earth Magnetosphere; Solar Wind; Heliosphere; Solar Activity Effects; Data;Polar/Ggs Spacecraft; Wind/Ggs Spacecraft


The Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) is designed to improve greatly the understanding of the flow of energy, massand momentum in the solar-terrestrial environment with particular emphasis on ”Geospace”. The Global Geospace ScienceProgram is the US contribution to the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. This CD-ROM issuedescribes the WIND and POLAR spacecraft, the scientific experiments carried onboard, the Theoretical and Ground Basedinvestigations which constitute the US Global Geospace Science Program and the ISTP Data Systems which support the dataacquisition and analysis effort. The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) Key Parameter Visualization Tool(KPVT), provided on the CD-ROM, was developed at the ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF). The KPVTis a generic software package for visualizing the key parameter data produced from all ISTP missions, interactively andsimultaneously. The tool is designed to facilitate correlative displays of ISTP data from multiple spacecraft and instruments, and

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thus the selection of candidate events and data quality control. The software, written in IDL, includes a graphical/widget userinterface, and runs on many platforms, including various UNIX workstations, Alpha/Open VMS, Macintosh (680x0 andPowerPC), and PC/Windows NT, Windows 3.1, and Windows 95.Derived from textSolar Terrestrial Interactions; Earth Ionosphere; Earth Magnetosphere; Solar Wind; Heliosphere; Solar Activity Effects; Data;Polar/Ggs Spacecraft; Wind/Ggs Spacecraft

20010104470 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAInternational Solar-Terrestrial Program Key Parameter Visualization Tool Data:USA_NASA_DDF_ISTP_IM_KP_0175Ocuna, M. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Ogilvie, K. W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Baker,D. N., Colorado Univ., USA; Curtis, S. A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Fairfield, D. H., NASA Goddard SpaceFlight Center, USA; Mish, W. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 2000; In English; CD-ROM contains the productdata files in minor subdirectories which are specific to the mission, instrument, and data type being distributed on this disk; TheCD-ROM conforms to the ISO 9660 format and as such is constrained to the 8.3 file naming convention. It is platform independent,and will not contain any specific platform information (e.g. RMS data specifics)Report No.(s): NP-2000(06)-067-GSFC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, CD-ROM



The Global Geospace Science Program (GGS) is designed to improve greatly the understanding of the flow of energy, massand momentum in the solar-terrestrial environment with particular emphasis on ”Geospace”. The Global Geospace ScienceProgram is the US contribution to the International Solar-Terrestrial Physics (ISTP) Science Initiative. This CD-ROM issuedescribes the WIND and POLAR spacecraft, the scientific experiments carried onboard, the Theoretical and Ground Basedinvestigations which constitute the US Global Geospace Science Program and the ISTP Data Systems which support the dataacquisition and analysis effort. The International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program (ISTP) Key Parameter Visualization Tool(KPVT), provided on the CD-ROM, was developed at the ISTP Science Planning and Operations Facility (SPOF). The KPVTis a generic software package for visualizing the key parameter data produced from all ISTP missions, interactively andsimultaneously. The tool is designed to facilitate correlative displays of ISTP data from multiple spacecraft and instruments, andthus the selection of candidate events and data quality control. The software, written in IDL, includes a graphical/widget user

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interface, and runs on many platforms, including various UNIX workstations, Alpha/Open VMS, Macintosh (680x0 andPowerPC), and PC/Windows NT, Windows 3.1, and Windows 95.Derived from textSolar Terrestrial Interactions; Earth Ionosphere; Earth Magnetosphere; Solar Wind; Heliosphere; Solar Activity Effects; Data;Polar/Ggs Spacecraft; Wind/Ggs Spacecraft





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20010104487 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAInternational Solar-Terrestrial Program Key Parameter Visualization Tool Data:USA_NASA_DDF_ISTP_IM_KP_0170Ocuna, M. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Ogilvie, K. W., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Baker, D. N.,Colorado Univ., USA; Curtis, S. A., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Fairfield, D. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,USA; Mish, W. H., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 2000; In English; CD-ROM contains the product data files in minorsubdirectories which are specific to the mission, instrument, and data type being distributed on this disk; The CD-ROM conforms to theISO 9660 format and as such is constrained to the 8.3 file naming convention. It is platform independent, and will not contain any specificplatform information (e.g. RMS data specifics)Report No.(s): NP-2000(05)-049-GSFC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; C01, CD-ROM


47METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY

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20010099432 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAObservations and Analysis of Three-Dimensional Radiative Effects that Influence MODIS Cloud Optical ThicknessRetrievalsVarnai, Tamas; Marshak, Alexander; [2001]; 62p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-6675; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

When cloud properties are retrieved from satellite observations, the calculations apply one-dimensional (1D) theory to thethree-dimensional (3D) world: They consider only vertical processes and ignore horizontal interactions. This paper proposes anovel approach that can estimate 3D effects in cloud optical thickness retrievals. The proposed method combines visible andthermal infrared images to see whether 3D radiative effects make clouds appear asymmetric-that is, whether cloud slopes tiltedtoward the sun are systematically brighter than slopes tilted away from it. The observed asymmetries are then used to estimate3D effects for 1 km size pixels as well as 50 km size areas. Initial results obtained for MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging

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Spectroradiometer) images reveal that 3D effects cause abundant uncertainties in the 1 km resolution ID retrievals. Averagingover 50 km by 50 km areas greatly reduces the errors but does not remove them completely.AuthorCloud Physics; Imaging Techniques; Satellite Observation; Infrared Imagery

20010099433 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAA Numerical Study of Tropical Sea-Air Interactions Using a Cloud Resolving Model Coupled with an Ocean Mixed-LayerModelShie, Chung-Lin, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Tao, Wei-Kuo, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Johnson, Dan,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Simpson, Joanne, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Li, Xiaofan, NationalEnvironmental Satellite Service, USA; Sui, Chung-Hsiung, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 3p; In English; 11th InteraConference, 14-18 May 2001, San Diego, CA, USA; Sponsored by American Meteorological Society, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI;A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Coupling a cloud resolving model (CRM) with an ocean mixed layer (OML) model can provide a powerful tool for betterunderstanding impacts of atmospheric precipitation on sea surface temperature (SST) and salinity. The objective of this study istwofold. First, by using the three dimensional (3-D) CRM-simulated (the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble model, GCE) diabaticsource terms, radiation (longwave and shortwave), surface fluxes (sensible and latent heat, and wind stress), and precipitation asinput for the OML model, the respective impact of individual component on upper ocean heat and salt budgets are investigated.Secondly, a two-way air-sea interaction between tropical atmospheric climates (involving atmospheric radiative-convectiveprocesses) and upper ocean boundary layer is also examined using a coupled two dimensional (2-D) GCE and OML model.Results presented here, however, only involve the first aspect. Complete results will be presented at the conference.AuthorAir Water Interactions; Atmospheric Models; Ocean Models; Salinity; Sea Surface Temperature; Three Dimensional Models

20010099436 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAOn Rainfall Modification by Major Urban Areas, Part 1, Observations from Space-borne Rain Radar on TRMMShepherd, J. Marshall, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Pierce, Harold, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., USA;[2001]; 46p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This study represents one of the first published attempts to identify rainfall modification by urban areas using satellite-basedrainfall measurements. Data from the first space-based rain-radar, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission’s (TRMM)Precipitation Radar, are employed. Analysis of the data enables identification of rainfall patterns around Atlanta, Montgomery,Nashville, San Antonio, Waco, and Dallas during the warm season. Results reveal an average increase of -28% in monthly rainfallrates within 30-60 kilometers downwind of the metropolis with a modest increase of 5.6% over the metropolis. Portions of thedownwind area exhibit increases as high as 51%. The percentage chances are relative to an upwind CONTROL area. It was alsofound that maximum rainfall rates in the downwind impact area can exceed the mean value in the upwind CONTROL area by48%-116%. The maximum value was generally found at an average distance of 39 km from the edge of the urban center or 64km from the center of the city. These results are consistent with METROMEX studies of St. Louis almost two decades ago andmore recent studies near Atlanta. Future work will investi(yate hypothesized factors causing rainfall modification by urban areas.Additional work is also needed to provide more robust validation of space-based rain estimates near major urban areas. Suchresearch has implications for urban planning, water resource management, and understanding human impact on the environment.AuthorPrecipitation (Meteorology); Estimates; Meteorological Radar; Water Resources; Space Based Radar

20010100385 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAWind-Stress Simulations and Equatorial Dynamics in an AGCM, Part 1, Basic Results from a 1979-1999 Forced SSTExperimentBacmeister, Julio T., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Suarez, Max J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA;[2001]; 51p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This is the first of a two part study examining the connection of the equatorial momentum budget in an AGCM (AtmosphericGeneral Circulation Model), with simulated equatorial surface wind stresses over the Pacific. The AGCM used in this study formspart of a newly developed coupled forecasting system used at NASA’s Seasonal- to-Interannual Prediction Project. Here wedescribe the model and present results from a 20-year (1979-1999) AMIP-type experiment forced with observed SSTs (SeaSurface Temperatures). Model results are compared them with available observational data sets. The climatological pattern ofextra-tropical planetary waves as well as their ENSO-related variability is found to agree quite well with re-analysis estimates.

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The model’s surface wind stress is examined in detail, and reveals a reasonable overall simulation of seasonal interannualvariability, as well as seasonal mean distributions. However, an excessive annual oscillation in wind stress over the equatorialcentral Pacific is found. We examine the model’s divergent circulation over the tropical Pacific and compare it with estimatesbased on re-analysis data. These comparisons are generally good, but reveal excessive upper-level convergence in the centralPacific. In Part II of this study a direct examination of individual terms in the AGCM’s momentum budget is presented. We relatethe results of this analysis to the model’s simulation of surface wind stress.AuthorAtmospheric General Circulation Models; Forecasting; Tropical Regions; Wind Shear; Annual Variations; Ground Wind; PacificOcean; Atmospheric Circulation; Sea Surface Temperature

20010101176 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAObserved Microphysical and Radiative Structure of Mid-Level, Mixed-Phase CloudsFleishauer, Robert P.; May 2001; 190p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393615; AFIT-CI-01-204; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Airborne measurements of six mid-level clouds observed over the Great Plains of the USA in late 1999 and early 2000 areanalyzed extensively. All cloud fields are associated with a 500-mb low-pressure center or a potential vorticity maximum, withadditional lift provided by upper-level jet streams. Data show that these innocuous looking clouds display complicatedmicrophysical and thermodynamic structures. Five of six cases include mixed-phase conditions in temperatures ranging from nearfreezing to -3l C, at altitudes of 2400 to 7200 m. Four of the cases consist of a single cloud layer, while the other two aremulti-layered systems. of particular note, in single-layered clouds, there is an increase of liquid water content with height versusa decrease in ice water content over the same depth. This is in contrast to multi-layered systems, where the liquid water contenthas the same basic shape, but the ice water content is distributed more uniformly throughout all layers. We attribute these structuraldifferences to a seeder-feeder mechanism operating in the multi-layered systems. A lack of temperature inversions in thesemid-level clouds is a major difference from the thermodynamic structure of most stratocumulus systems. We found the virtualpotential temperature to be the best discriminator of cloud interfaces for mid-level clouds, with 1-2 C differences between ambientand cloud air. A noteworthy contribution to this observational study was the use of the Cloud Particle Imager (CPI) instrumentfor the qualitative analysis of the particle sizes, shapes, habits, and distributions through the cloud. An analysis of the liquid waterbudget of a Lagrangian cloud sample revealed that large-scale subsidence was the main mechanism responsible for its dissipation.Heating rates and fluxes are computed for each cloud using a single-column radiative transfer model.DTICCloud Cover; Radiation Effects; Temperature Inversions; Thermodynamics

20010102593 NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, New York, NY USASimultaneous Retrieval of Temperature, Water Vapor and Ozone Atmospheric Profiles from IASI: Compression,De-noising, First Guess Retrieval and Inversion AlgorithmsAires, F., Columbia Univ., USA; Rossow, W. B., NASA Goddard Inst. for Space Studies, USA; Scott, N. A., Ecole Polytechnique, France;Chedin, A., Ecole Polytechnique, France; [2001]; 55p; In English; Original contains color illustrationsReport No.(s): GCN-01-34; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A fast temperature water vapor and ozone atmospheric profile retrieval algorithm is developed for the high spectral resolutionInfrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) space-borne instrument. Compression and de-noising of IASI observationsare performed using Principal Component Analysis. This preprocessing methodology also allows, for a fast pattern recognitionin a climatological data set to obtain a first guess. Then, a neural network using first guess information is developed to retrievesimultaneously temperature, water vapor and ozone atmospheric profiles. The performance of the resulting fast and accurateinverse model is evaluated with a large diversified data set of radiosondes atmospheres including rare events.AuthorAtmospheric Temperature; Water Vapor; Ozone; Algorithms; Atmospheric Sounding; Neural Nets; Atmospheric Composition;Principal Components Analysis

20010102849 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAA Canonical Ensemble Correlation Prediction Model for Seasonal Precipitation AnomalyShen, Samuel S. P., National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, USA; Lau, William K. M., NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter, USA; Kim, Kyu-Myong, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., USA; Li, Guilong, Alberta Univ., Canada; September 2001; 53p;In English

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Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2001-209989; Rept-2001-03628-0; NAS 1.15:209989; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

This report describes an optimal ensemble forecasting model for seasonal precipitation and its error estimation. Eachindividual forecast is based on the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) in the spectral spaces whose bases are empiricalorthogonal functions (EOF). The optimal weights in the ensemble forecasting crucially depend on the mean square error of eachindividual forecast. An estimate of the mean square error of a CCA prediction is made also using the spectral method. The erroris decomposed onto EOFs of the predictand and decreases linearly according to the correlation between the predictor andpredictand. This new CCA model includes the following features: (1) the use of area-factor, (2) the estimation of prediction error,and (3) the optimal ensemble of multiple forecasts. The new CCA model is applied to the seasonal forecasting of the USAprecipitation field. The predictor is the sea surface temperature.AuthorLong Range Weather Forecasting; Spectral Correlation; Annual Variations; Canonical Forms; Mean Square Values; OrthogonalFunctions; Sea Surface Temperature

20010103546 Colorado Univ., Dept. of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, Boulder, CO USAA Low-Cost, Remotely-Deployable Meteor Radar System for Mesosphere/Ionosphere Coupling Studies Final Report, 15Mar. 1998-30 Nov. 2000Palo, Scott E.; Apr. 03, 2001; 4p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0382Report No.(s): AD-A391459; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0376; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The fundamental objective of this project is the development of a low-cost remotely deployable meteor radar system. Thissystem will provide measurements of the neutral wind in the mesosphere and lower-thermosphere as determined using radioreflection from meteor trails. Our goal is to design, construct and deploy this system to Platteville, Colorado to make continuouswind measurements.DTICRadar Equipment; Wave Reflection; Meteorological Radar; Wind Measurement; Meteor Trails; Meteoroids

20010104349 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam NetherlandsSpatial Discretization of the Shallow Water Equations in Spherical Geometry Using Osher’s SchemeLanser, D.; Blom, J. G.; Vermer, J. G.; Jul. 1999; 40pReport No.(s): PB2001-108637; MAS-R9918; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche

The shallow water equations in spherical geometry provide a first prototype for developing and testing numerical algorithmsfor atmospheric circulation models. Since the seventies these models are often solved with spectral methods. Increasing demandson grid resolution combined with massive parallelism and local grid refinement seem to offer significantly better perspectivesfor gridpoint methods. In this paper, we study the use of Osher’s finite-volume scheme for the spatial discretization of the shallowwater equations on the rotating sphere. This high-order finite volume scheme of upwind type is well suited to solve a hyperbolicsystem of equations. Special attention is paid to the pole problem. to that end Osher’s scheme is applied on the common (reduced)latitude-longitude grid and on a stereographic grid. The latter is most appropriate in the polar region as in stereographic coordinatesthe pole singularity does not exist. The latitude-longitude grid is preferred on lower latitudes. Therefore, across the sphere weapply Osher’s scheme on a combined grid connecting the two grids at high latitude. We will show that this provides an attractivespatial discretization for explicit integration methods, as it can greatly reduce the time step limitation incurred by the polesingularity when using a latitude-longitude grid only.NTISAtmospheric Circulation; Atmospheric Models; Computational Grids; Climate Models; Finite Volume Method; Flow Equations;Shallow Water; Spectral Methods; Rotating Spheres

20010105286 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAThe Impact of TRMM Data on Mesoscale Numerical Simulation of Super Typhoon PakaPu, Zhao-Xia, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Tao, Wei-Kuo, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Jia, Yi-Qin,NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Simpson, Joanne, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Braun, Scott A., NASAGoddard Space Flight Center, USA; Halverson, Jeffrey, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Hou, Arthur, NASA GoddardSpace Flight Center, USA; Olson, William, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 4p; In English; 9th Conferenceon Mesoscale Processes, 30 Jul. - 2 Aug. 2001, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

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Accurate measurement of the spatial and temporal variations of tropical rainfall around the globe had remained as a criticalproblem in meteorology until the recent launch of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). TRMM offers a uniqueopportunity to improve understanding of tropical meteorology and also offers a great opportunity to evaluate the impact of rainfalldata on tropical weather forecasts. This study assesses the impact of TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) derived surface rainfalldata on the numerical simulation of Super Typhoon Paka (1997).Derived from textTyphoons; Trmm Satellite; Tropical Meteorology; Spatial Distribution; Temporal Distribution; Mesoscale Phenomena

48OCEANOGRAPHY

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20010099587 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Lab., Seattle, WA USACTD Measurements during 1999 and 2000 as Part of the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (Goals)/Pan AnericanClimate Studies (PACS), Volume 2McTaggart, K. E.; Johnson, G. C.; June 2001; 512p; In English; See also PB2001-107620-Vol-1Report No.(s): PB2001-107621; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A22, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche

During 1999 and 2000, CTD data were collected in the equatorial Pacific Ocean as part of the GlobalOcean-Atmosphere-Land System (GOALS)/Pan American Climate Studies (PACS), follow-up programs to the TropicalOcean-Global Atmosphere (TOGA) program and Equatorial Pacific Ocean Climate Studies (EPOCS). Summaries of Sea-BirdCTD measurements and hydrographic data acquired on 16 cruises are presented. Composite potential temperature-salinitydiagrams and sections plots of oceanographic variables along 95 degrees W, 110 degrees W, 125 degrees W, 140 degrees W, 155degrees W, 170 degrees W, 180 degrees and 165 degrees E meridians are given. Profiles including station location, meteorologicalconditions, and abbreviated CTD data listings are shown for each cast. Hydrographic data for listed for each cruise.NTISAir Water Interactions; Oceanographic Parameters; Climate; Marine Environments

20010099947 Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA USARapid Geoacoustics Inversion Methods Used in LWAD98-2-Sea TestTurgut, Altan; Apr. 12, 1999; 14p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391317; NRL/MR/7120-99-8369; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A concept for rapid environmental characterization of the sea bottom/subbottom has been successfully tested during theLWAD98-2 seatest. As a proof-of-concept test, inversion of statistical parameters of a Jackson/Turgut bottom/subbottomscattering model from backscatter data is performed. Seabed geoacoustic properties are also inverted from normal-incidenceacoustic data. Results are in agreement with the previously reported geoacoustic data for the area. Iterative time-reversaltechniques were also used to improve backscattered signal quality in an engineering trial. All the time-reversal hardware andsoftware components functioned well except for the proper band-pass filtering of the received backscatter signal.DTICAcoustic Properties; Backscattering; Inversions; Seas; Ocean Bottom; Oceanography

20010100390 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAMixed Layer Drift Revealed by Satellite DataLiu, Antony K., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Zhao, Yun-He, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Esaias, WayneE., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Campbell, Janet W., New Hampshire Univ., USA; Moore, Timothy, New Hampshire Univ.,USA; [2001]; 11p; In English; Original contains color illustrations; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

For the first time we are able to derive ocean currents using the wavelet algorithm for feature tracking from two differentsensors (MODIS and SeaWiFS) on different satellites. Satellite ocean color data provide an important insight to the marinebiosphere because of their capability to quantify certain fundamental properties (such as phytoplankton pigment concentration,marine primary production, etc.) on a global basis. The mixed layer drift can be derived because the ocean color signal bearsinformation from a much larger depth (10 to 30 meters) as compared with the sea surface temperature data. Although the drifter

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data are very limited in the study area, the comparison shows a general agreement between drifter data and satellite tracking results,especially for the cases near the Gulf Stream boundary.AuthorRemote Sensing; Satellite Imagery; Water Color; Ocean Currents; Wavelet Analysis

20010100393 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAVariability of Antarctic Sea Ice 1979-1998Zwally, H. Jay, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Comiso, Josefino C., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA;Parkinson, Claire L., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Cavalieri, Donald J., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA;Gloersen, Per, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 68p; In English; Original contains color illustrations; NoCopyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The principal characteristics of the variability of Antarctic sea ice cover as previously described from satellitepassive-microwave observations are also evident in a systematically-calibrated and analyzed data set for 20.2 years (1979-1998).The total Antarctic sea ice extent (concentration is greater than 15 %) increased by 13,440 +/- 4180 sq km/year (+1.18 +/-0.37%/decade). The area of sea ice within the extent boundary increased by 16,960 +/- 3,840 sq km/year (+1.96 +/- 0.44%/decade).Regionally, the trends in extent are positive in the Weddell Sea (1.5 +/- 0.9%/decade), Pacific Ocean (2.4 +/- 1.4%/decade), andRoss (6.9 +/- 1.1 %/decade) sectors, slightly negative in the Indian Ocean (-1.5 +/- 1.8%/decade, and strongly negative in theBellingshausen-Amundsen Seas sector (-9.5 +/- 1.5%/decade). For the entire ice pack, small ice increases occur in all seasons withthe largest increase during autumn. On a regional basis, the trends differ season to season. During summer and fall, the trends arepositive or near zero in all sectors except the Bellingshausen-Amundsen Seas sector. During winter and spring, the trends arenegative or near zero in all sectors except the Ross Sea, which has positive trends in all seasons. Components of interannualvariability with periods of about 3 to 5 years are regionally large, but tend to counterbalance each other in the total ice pack. Theinterannual variability of the annual mean sea-ice extent is only 1.6% overall, compared to 5% to 9% in each of five regionalsectors. Analysis of the relation between regional sea ice extents and spatially-averaged surface temperatures over the ice packgives an overall sensitivity between winter ice cover and temperature of -0.7% change in sea ice extent per K. For summer, someregional ice extents vary positively with temperature and others negatively. The observed increase in Antarctic sea ice cover iscounter to the observed decreases in the Arctic. It is also qualitatively consistent with the counterintuitive prediction of a globalatmospheric-ocean model of increasing sea ice around Antarctica with climate warming due to the stabilizing effects of increasedsnowfall on the Southern Ocean.AuthorSatellite Observation; Sea Ice; Antarctic Regions; Atmospheric Models; Seasons; Climate

20010103252 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAValidation of a Stochastic Boussinesq Model for Wave Spectra Transformation in the Surf ZoneBalolong, Marianie O.; Mar. 2001; 69p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A391716; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This thesis presents a field validation of a stochastic, nonlinear wave shoaling model based on a third-order closureBoussinesq equations (Herbers and Burton, 1997). The model predicts the evolution of directionally spread waves propagatingover an alongshore uniform beach. The model consists of a coupled set of evolution equations for the wave spectrum andbispectrum that incorporates linear shoaling and refraction effects and nonlinear energy exchanges in near-resonant triadinteractions. Dissipation due to breaking is approximated using an empirical quasi-linear damping function and a relaxation toGaussian statistics. The model was verified with field data from five alongshore instrument arrays deployed near Duck, NorthCarolina from August to December 1997 as part of the SandyDuck experiment. The predicted shoaling evolution of thefrequency-directional wave spectra shows the expected development of harmonic peaks through triad interactions. The predictedharmonic spectral levels and direction are in good agreement with the observed spectra, but the predicted directional spread isbiased low inside the surf zone. The significant wave height predictions are generally in good agreement with observations. Themodel tends to overshoal the waves outside the surf zone and slightly overdissipate wave energy inside the surf zone. Infragravitywave growth, sea surface skewness and asymmetry are predicted fairly accurately by the model.DTICOcean Models; Stochastic Processes; Wave Propagation; Ocean Surface; Surface Waves

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20010105202 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USAApparent Minimum Free Energy Requirements for Methanogenic Archaea and Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in an AnoxicMarine SedimentHoehler, Tori M., NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Alperin, Marc J., North Carolina Univ., USA; Albert, Daniel B., NorthCarolina Univ., USA; Martens, Christopher S., North Carolina Univ., USA; Oct. 05, 2000; 30p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 344-38-32-03; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Among the most fundamental constraints governing the distribution of microorganisms in the environment is the availabilityof chemical energy at biologically useful levels. to assess the minimum free energy yield that can support microbial metabolismin situ, we examined the thermodynamics of H2-consuming processes in anoxic sediments from Cape Lookout Bight, NC, USA.Depth distributions of H2 partial pressure, along with a suite of relevant concentration data, were determined in sediment corescollected in November (at 14.5 C) and August (at 27 C) and used to calculate free energy yields for methanogenesis and sulfatereduction. At both times of year, and for both processes, free energy yields gradually decreased (became less negative) with depthbefore reaching an apparent asymptote. Sulfate reducing bacteria exhibited an asymptote of -19.1 +/- 1.7 kj(mol SO4(2-)(sup -1)while methanogenic archaea were apparently supported by energy yields as small as -10.6 +/- 0.7 kj(mol CH4)(sup -1).AuthorFree Energy; Sediments; Microorganisms; Metabolism; Thermodynamics; Hydrogen; Chemical Energy

51LIFE SCIENCES (GENERAL)

Includes general research topics related to plant and animal biology (non-human); ecology; microbiology; and also the origin, development,structure, and maintenance, of animals and plants in space and related environmental conditions. For specific topics in life sciences see categories52 through 55.

20010099207 Northern California Inst. for Research and Education, San Francisco, CA USAThe Roles of the Y Chromosome Genes in Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 15 Jan. 2000-14 Jan. 2001Lau, Yun-Fai C.; Feb. 2001; 33p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0039Report No.(s): AD-A392275; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

At present, information regarding the contribution of the men-only chromosome, the Y chromosome, to prostate cancer islacking. The goals of this project are designed to address this question and to identify candidate genes on the Y chromosomeinvolved in prostate cancer. The objectives are: 1) to study the expression of Y chromosome genes in prostate cancer and 2) toevaluate their effects in over-expression in the prostate of transgenic mice. In year 1, we completed the expression survey of all31 functional genes on this chromosome. Results from this study identified the TSPY gene to potentially play a significant rolein prostate cancer development and/or progression. for the next two years of the project, we plan to focus on an expression-functionevaluation of TSPY and other Y chromosome genes using transgenic mouse approach, proposed under Objective 2. These studieswill provide important information regarding the role of this male-specific chromosome on prostatic oncogenesis and indevelopment of new diagnostic procedures, and/or treatment for this disease. In addition, the generation of transgenic mousemodels of prostate cancer will be invaluable in understanding the disease mechanisms, therapeutic strategies and prevention ofprostate cancer.DTICCancer; Chromosomes; Genes; Prostate Gland

20010099209 Washington State Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Pullman, WA USAAn Investigation of the Stoichiometry of Na(+) Cotransport with Dopamine in Rat and Human Dopamine TransportersExpressed in Human Embryonic Kidney CellsSchumacher, Paul D., III; May 2001; 86p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392279; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The neuronal membrane transporter for dopamine (DAT) is a member of the Na(+) and Cl dependent family of transportersand concentrates dopamine intracellularly up to 10(exp 6) fold over extracellular levels. NY is hypothesized to provide the majordriving force for this concentrative property. In order to validate the Na(+)-gradient hypothesis, it must be shown that NYaccumulates in stoichiometric amounts along with the substrate.DTICEmbryos; Dopamine; Ions; Neurophysiology; Stoichiometry; Sodium

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20010099211 Miami Univ., School of Medicine, FL USAA Novel Signaling Perturbation and Ribozyme Gene Therapy Procedure to Block Rho-Kinase (ROK) Activation andBreast Tumor Metastasis Annual Report, 1 Sep. 1999 - 31 Aug. 2000Bourguignon, Lilly Y.; Sep. 2000; 26p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9291Report No.(s): AD-A393016; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Metastatic breast tumor Met-1 cells express CD44v3,8-10, a major adhesion receptor which binds extracellular matrixcomponents at its extracellular domain and interacts with the cytoskeletal protein, ankyrin, at its cytoplasmic domain. In this studywe have determined that CD44v3,8-10 and RhoA GTPases are physically associated in vivo, and that CD44v3,8-10-bound RhoAdisplays GTPase activity which can be inhibited by botulinum toxin C3-mediated ADP-ribosylation. in addition, we haveidentified a 160kDa Rho-Kinase (ROK) as one of the downstream targets for CD44v3,8-10-bound RhoA GTPase. Specifically,RhoA (complexed with CD44v3,8-10) stimulates ROK-mediated phosphorylation of certain cellular proteins including thecytoplasmic domain of CD44v3,8-10. Most importantly, phosphorylation of CD44v3,8-10 by ROK enhances its interaction withthe cytoskeletal protein, ankyrin. We have also constructed two ROK cDNA constructs which encode for proteins consisting of537 amino acids DESIGNATED AS THE CONSTITUTIVELY ACTIVE FORM OF ROK containing the catalytic domain (CAT,also the kinase domain), and 173 amino acids DESIGNATED AS THE DOMINANT-NEGATIVE FORM OF ROK containingthe Rho-binding domain (RB). Microinjection of the ROK’s CAT domain into Met-1 cells promotes CD44-ankyrin associatedmembrane ruffling and projections.DTICCells (Biology); Mammary Glands; Cancer; Ribonucleic Acids; Perturbation; Proteins

20010099420 Alabama Univ., Tuscaloosa, AL USAInvestigating the Ethnic Disparity in Prostate Cancer Morbidity and Mortality in the Rural Deep South Annual Report,1 Dec. 1999 - 30 Nov. 2000Higginbotham, John C.; Dec. 2000; 10p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0001Report No.(s): AD-A391162; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The goal of this endeavor was to increase the Pi’s knowledge, develop his skills and provide him with data whereby he wouldimprove his ability to submit a competitive research proposal to further investigate/reduce the ethnic disparity in prostate cancermorbidity and mortality. to achieve this goal, he did: (1) attend the University of Michigan’s Graduate Summer Session andenrolled in Cancer Prevention; (2) analyze Mississippi and Alabama data on prostate cancer morbidity and mortality and therebyfurther developed his skill to carry out prostate cancer research; (3) prepared and submitted one presentation abstract for aninternational meeting (i.e., Congress of Epidemiology, 2001); and, (4) developed a proposal to further investigate the ethnicdisparity in prostate cancer (i.e., ”Prostate Cancer Disparity in the Deep South: A GIS- Based Deprivation Model,” submitted tothe DOD, U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command, Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs IdeaDevelopment Awards) This work did add to the extant knowledge on the ethnic disparity in prostate cancer by delineating theproblems that occurred in the deep south. As a result of this endeavor, the PI will continue to contribute to the investigation ofethnic disparity in prostate cancer morbidity and mortality for many years.DTICEthnic Factors; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Epidemiology

20010099421 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Cambridge, MA USASelf-Assembling Ionic Oligopeptides Final Report, 1 Jul. 1988 - 30 Jun. 2001Rich, Alexander; Zhang, Shuguang; Jun. 05, 2001; 9p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-0399Report No.(s): AD-A391182; ARO-37561.5-LS; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Understanding new materials at the molecular level has become increasingly critical for a new generation of nanomaterialsfor nanotechnology, namely, the design, synthesis and fabrication of nano-devices at the molecular scale. New technology throughmolecular self-assembly as a fabrication tool will become tremendously important in coming decades. Basic engineeringprinciples for microfabrication can be learned by understanding molecular self-assembly phenomena. Self-assemblyphenomenon is ubiquitous in nature. The key elements in molecular self-assembly are chemical complementarity and structuralcompatibility through non-covalent interactions. We have defined the path to understand these principles. Numerousself-assembling systems have been developed ranging from models to study protein folding and protein conformational diseases,to molecular electronics, surface engineering, and nanotechnology. Several distinctive types of self-assembling peptide systems

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have been developed. Type I, ’molecular Lego’ forms a hydrogel scaffold for tissue engineering; Type II, the ’molecular switch’as a molecular actuator; Type III, the ’molecular hook’ and ’molecular Velcro’ for surface engineering; Type IV, ’molecularcapsule’ for protein and gene deliveries; and Type V, ’molecular cavity’ for biomineralization. These self-assembling peptidesystems are simple, versatile and easy to produce, representing a significant advance in molecular engineering for diversetechnological innovations.DTICPeptides; Molecular Structure; Nanotechnology; Self Assembly; Fabrication; Molecular Electronics; Nanostructures (Devices);Microelectronics

20010099501 Burnham Inst., La Jolla, CA USATumor Suppressors and Breast Cancer: Molecular Interaction of Retinoblastoma Protein (Rb) with a New Rb-bindingProtein (RIZ) Final Report, 1 May 1999-30 Apr 2001Ely, Kathryn R.; May 2001; 13p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9093Report No.(s): AD-A392387; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Cancer arises from an accumulation of multiple mutations that may occur in oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes or DNArepair genes. Tumor suppressors control cell cycle and growth and mutations or alterations in these suppressors can be associatedwith the uncontrolled growth of malignant tumors. In this project, tumor suppressors were studied highlighting a new proteincalled RlZ. The goal is to use x-ray crystallography to study the molecules. The results will be important to understanding the roleof the new regulator protein RlZ in tumorigenesis in breast cancer. This IDEA project focused on the first steps in the process,i.e. production, purification and crystallization of the proteins. Notable progress was made in identifying the PR domain in RlZthat is directly linked to tumor suppression. PR is underexpressed in breast cancer. Feasibility for structural studies of this newprotein motif (PR) was established.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Proteins; Molecular Interactions; Cells (Biology); Molecules; Suppressors

20010099502 Temple Univ., School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USARole of Stat-3 in ER - Breast Tumors Annual Report, 27 Jul. 1999-26 Jul. 2000Reddy, Premkumer; Aug. 2000; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392389; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The hypothesis to be tested in this application is whether STAT family of transcription factors play a role in the developmentof ER- negative breast carcinomas. During the past year, we have examined the activation status of two STATs, STAT-3 andSTAT-5, known to be associated with the proliferation of normal and cancerous breast cell lines. Our results indicate that in a vastmajority of theER- negative breast tumor cell lines, STAT-3 exists in a constitutively activated state and is localized in the nucleus.Normal human cell ines do not exii%bit such aii activat%d stat% ur r’ucl%ar localization of STAT-3. Co-immunoprecipitationstudies show that SRc kinases immnunoprecipitate along with STAT-3 suggesting a physical association between these twoproteins. These results suggest that several of the ER-negative breast carcinomas express constitutively activated SRc kinases,which mediate the phosphorylation of STAT-3, which in turn could mediate their proliferative function and oncogenicity. Theconstitutively activated status of STAT-3, therefore serves as a good diagnostic marker for the detection of ER-negative breastcarcinoma development. Since STAT-3 activation appears to play a critical role in the proliferative flinction of ER-negative breastcarcinomas, SRc-STAT-3 pathway offers an excellent target for the development of cancer therapeutic agents.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Cells (Biology); Markers; Phosphorylation; Proteins

20010099503 Scripps Research Inst., La Jolla, CA USAThe Role of ROS in Breast Cancer Metastasis Annual Report, 1 May 2000-30 Apr 2001Knaus, Ulla G.; May 2001; 6p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0426Report No.(s): AD-A392390; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Numerous cancer cells generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are thought to promote cell proliferation, cell motilityand invasion, prerequisites for tumor metastasis. Recently novel ROS-generating enzymes termed Nox have been identified inepithelial cells. Transfer of Nox into non-transforming epithelial cells increased ROS production and rendered these cellstumorigenic. Our project will identify Nox family members in cancer cells and evaluate if they are required for constitutive ROSgeneration and altered cell behavior. Breast cancer cell lines were screened by RT-PCR for the presence of identified nox genes

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and did not contain known Nox family members, as expected due to their tissue specificity. The regulation of Nox-based enzymesystems might be under control of small GTPases and their effectors. We will test this hypothesis by introducing mutants of theseregulatory molecules into breast cancer cells via adenoviral transfer and evaluate ROS generation. to test the involvement of Noxfamily members in cell migration and invasion, in vitro assays systems are used to test Nox-transfected cell lines and cancer celllines, which are inhibited in their ability to generate ROS. The activity of deregulated Nox proteins leading to ROS generationmay have wide ranging implications in tumorigenic events including metastasis.DTICAssaying; Cancer; Cells (Biology); Genes; Mammary Glands; Nitrogen Oxides; Regeneration (Physiology); Epithelium; Oxygen

20010099504 Pennsylvania Univ., Medical Image Processing Group, Philadelphia, PA USANuclear Patch Clamping for Determining Ion Channel Activities of Bc1 Apoptosis Proteins in Endoplasmic Reticulumand Nuclear Envelope Intracellular Membrane Annual Report, 1 Jul. 1999-30 Jun. 2000Foskett, James K.; Jul. 2000; 9p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8229Report No.(s): AD-A392391; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Apoptosis plays a critical role in growth and development of the mammary gland in normal and pathologic states. Animportant regulator of apoptosis is the bcl-2 oncogene, whose expression prevents apoptosis and is associated with poor responsesto cancer therapies. Other bcl-2-related genes have been identified, defining a gene family with anti- and pro-apoptotic members.The molecular mechanisms which link bcl proteins to apoptosis are unclear. bcl-X(sub L) forms ion channels in artificialmembranes. to determine whether these proteins form or regulate ion channels in the endoplasmic reticulum in vivo, we haveemployed a novel Xenopus oocyte nuclear envelope patch-clamp technique. During the second funding period, we havedeveloped a novel mammalian expression system for patch clamp electrophysiology of recombinant endoplasmic reticulumlocalized membrane proteins. The system has been validated, and it will now be possible to use it for expression of bcl-reatedproteins. We discovered that caspase 3, a key intermediate in apoptosis pathways, cleaves the inositol trisphosphate receptorcalcium channel in the endoplasmic reticulum, and causes it to become spontaneously activated, leaking calcium into thecytoplasm. This observation may provide a molecular insight into disruption of calcium homeostasis observed in apoptosis. Wewill determine whether other capsases have similar effects. In addition, we will examine the cellular consequqnces of this effect,and whether its modulation affects the time-course or extent of apoptosis.DTICApoptosis; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Genes; Endoplasmic Reticulum; Pathology; Proteins; Cells (Biology)

20010099505 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USADevelopment of General Methods for Identification of Genes Regulated by Oncogenic Stimuli or DNA Damage AnnualReport, 13 Apr. 2000-12 Apr. 2001Elledge, Stephen; May 2001; 19p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8019Report No.(s): AD-A392393; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

In order for cells to prevent mutations, they have an elaborate regulatory network that is capable of sensing and respondingto chromosomal aberrations. When damage to chromosomes is detected, cells induce a set of genes that respond to the damagein order to repair the damage and to prevent the cell cycle from progressing. In addition, cells have set up another elaborateregulatory network to ensure that the key events of the cell cycle occur in the correct order with the correct timing. Both the DNAdamage response and the cell cycle regulatory pathways are critical to prevent the types of events that generate cancers.Furthermore, both of these pathways operate by the precise regulation of transcription of genes involved in this process. Ourproposal has centered around identification of DNA damage inducible genes and genes important in the cell cycle by eitherretroviral insertions or, more recently by microarray hybridization. We have now identified several hundred genes regulated bythese events, either DNA damage or the cell cycle and have learned a great deal about the processes the cell employes to preventthe accumulation of cancer-causing mutations.DTICCancer; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Genes; Mammary Glands

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20010099506 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USACelluar and Molecular Roles of the Akt Protein Kinase in Breast Carcinomas Annual Report, 4 May 2000-3 May 2001Vojtek, Anne B.; Jun. 2001; 53p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8319Report No.(s): AD-A392394; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Akt is a serine/threonine kinase that has been implicated in the iitiation and/or progression of breast cancers. In order to gainan understanding of how Akt promotes malignant transformation, we identified proteins that are regulated by phosphorylationby Akt, including the B-Rafserine/threonine kinase and the Elk-1 transcription factor. Akt negatively regulates the enzymaticactivity of B-Raf in vitro and in vivo by phosphorylating two residues in the amino-terminal regulatory domain of B-Raf. Akt alsonegatively regulates the activity and stability of the Elk-1 transcription factor. Thus, Akt may promote transformation and cellsurvival in part by altering gene expression through regulation of transcription factors by phosphorylation and in part by regulatingthe Ras/Raf pathway by phosphorylating and downregulating the activity of the B-Rafkinase.DTICCancer; Gene Expression; Mammary Glands; Proteins

20010099507 JAYCOR, San Diego, CA USAModeling for Military Operational Medicine Scientific and Technical Objectives Subtitle - Model of ImmediateIncapacitationStuhmiller, James H.; Stuhmiller, Louise M.; May 2001; 99p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-C-0031Report No.(s): AD-A392395; JTR-J3150-12-01-139; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command (MRMC) has responsibility to conduct research that will supportthe assessment of immediate incapacitation and injury caused by acute exposure to toxic gases, particles, and aerosols. Theassessment must account for physical activity, environmental conditions, and complex mixtures of gases. The MilitaryOperational Medicine Research Program (MOMRP) is conducting a research program to develop a mathematical model of thephysiological response to acute toxic gas exposure that will provide a standard means to estimate these effects. That program iscalled Scientific and Technical Objective Y: Inhalation Injury and Toxicology Models. The model will be developed inincremental steps. The first version of the model will provide a means of estimating immediate incapacitation in man, employingempirical relations for key physiological processes. Successive improvements to the model will add more complete physiologicalmodels of breathing, blood, chemistry, airway transport and deposition, metabolism and so forth as required to capture thenecessary mechanisms. The technical approach to achieve this objective is to: (1) assess the literature for mechanisms, models,and data pertinent to the particular phase of model development; (2) implement mathematical models incorporating thosemechanisms and validate by those data; and (3) conduct animal studies to provide missing physiological parameters or neededconfirmation results. This approach will be repeated for each increment of the model development. This report presents amathematical model, TGAS 1.0, for estimating the probability of immediate incapacitation based on a physiologically guidedextrapolation of small animal data. This model is based on previous work sponsored by the Live Fire Test Program and MOMRP.DTICMathematical Models; Medical Services; Military Operations; Physiological Effects; Toxicity; Respiration; Poisons

20010099509 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USAInterferon Gamma and PSA-restricted Expression of FAS Ligand: A Novel Gene Therapy Strategy for Prostate CancerAnnual Report, 1 Mar. 2000-28 Feb. 2001Hall, Simon J.; Mar. 2001; 14p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0089Report No.(s): AD-A392423; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Introduction: Fas is a transmembrane receptor which mediates apoptosis when transactivated by FasL. Earlier studiesillustrated the ability of IFN-gamma to increase Fas expression on RM-l mouse prostate cancer cells. To kill the remaining Faspositive cells, the potential of combining adenovirus-mediated expression of FasL (Ad.FasL) with IFN-gamma in vifro andAd.lL-12 to stimulate host production of lFN-gamma in vivo was addressed. Results: Alone Ad.FasL resulted in killing equal tothe degree of transduction. The addition of IFN-gamma enhanced killing to maintain maximal cell kill with only 6% of cellsexpressing FasL. In vivo with a constant Ad.IL-12 dose and increasing doses of Ad.FasL, tumors were 25% smaller at lower dosestumors, increasing to 66% smaller at 1x10(9) pfu,. In a dose controlled experiment with equal doses of each vector (1x10(9) pfu),individually Ad.FasL and Ad.IL-12 resulted in 27+1-10% and 54+1-4% smaller tumors with combination therapy resultingtumors which were 72+1-6% smaller than controls. However, the combination of Ad.FasL and Ad.mIL- 12 resulted in a worse

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survival than for Ad.IL-12 alone. However, the injection of Ad.mIL-12 into the nonnal contralateral prostate combined with theinjection of the tumor by Ad.FasL resulted in superior survival. Conclusions: These studies validate the concept of exploiting Fasupregulation for fasL transactivation. The ability to eradicate tumors is currently being addressed by sequenriual injection ofAd.FasL.DTICCancer; Cells (Biology); Prostate Gland; Therapy; Genes

20010099510 Johns Hopkins Univ., School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USAMolecular Changes in pp32 in Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 1 Mar. 1999-31 Aug. 2000Pasternack, Gary R.; Sep. 2000; 7p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9030Report No.(s): AD-A392425; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Our previous work demonstrated that prostate cancers differ from benign prostatic epithelium in their expression ofoncogenic members of the pp32 gene family. Whereas benign prostatic epithelium solely expresses pp32, a tumor suppressor,prostate cancers express pp32rl and pp32r2, which are oncogenic. The purpose of the study is to confirm and extend thesepreliminary results, to develop practical means to assay pp32 gene family members in clinical samples, and to determine theclinical significance of their presence. The approved proposal encompassed four broad tasks: 1 characterization of the pp32expression phenotype of a larger sample of 40 prostatic adenocarcinomas; 2 development of a practical molecular pathology assayfor altered pp32 transcripts; 3 adaptation of the assay to paraffin-embedded tissue; and 4 preliminary determination of the clinicalutility of pp32rl and pp32r2 expression in prostatic adenocarcinoma. In the course of pursuing this work, we recognized thatimproved assay methods would yield better results for Task 1. We have completed development of a robust and practical molecularassay (Task 2) and have nearly completed Task 3, adaptation to paraffin. In the remaining funding period, these tools shall beapplied to completion of Task 1 and Task 4.DTICAssaying; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Molecules; Diagnosis

20010099511 Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USARegulation of FAK Signaling in Mammary Epithelial Cells by Cb1 Protooncogene Product Annual Report, 31 Dec. 1999-31Dec. 2000Douillard, Patrice; Band, Hamid; Jan. 2001; 48p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9085Report No.(s): AD-A392426; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Proliferation and differentiation of normal breast epithelial cells are regulated by activation of the cellular tyrosine kinasemachinery upon coordinated cellular stimulation through growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases and extra-cellular matrixreceptor-induced activation of focal adhesion kinase FAK. This proposal is designed to investigate a novel hypothesis that Cblprovides, which has become established as a negative regulator of growth factor receptors, attenuates FAK-dependent growthsignals in mammary epithelial cells. For this purpose, the Cbl interaction sites on FAK will be determined and the impact ofmutations in these sites on the ability of FAK to mediate growth signals will be investigated. Given the recent findings that Cblfunctions as ubiquitin ligase towards tyrosine kinases, we are examining the possibility that Cbl regulates FAK signaling bytargeting it for degradation. The work reported here describes FAK mutants that appear to be unable to interact with Cbl tyrosinekinase-binding domain. Together with the generation of mutant forms of Cbl that are unable to mediate ubiquitination, thesestudies will directly establish if FAK is a target of Cbl. The present studies, thus, aim to define novel strategies to down-regulateproliferation signals in breast cancer cells.DTICMammary Glands; Epithelium; Cells (Biology); Cancer

20010099512 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USAProstate Specific Gene Therapy Using a ”Gutless” Adene-Vector Expressing Antisense TGF-B and PSAPromoter-Controlled TNF-A Gene Annual Report, 1 Sep. 1999-28 Feb. 2001Belldegrum, Arie; Apr. 2001; 37p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8564Report No.(s): AD-A392427; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The goal of this research has been to develop an immune-based gene therapy that combines targeted cytotoxicity with reversalof local tumor immune suppression to eradicate prostate cancer cells. Reversal of local tumor immune suppression was achieved

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in vitro by blocking the over expression of TGF-beta2 produced by prostate cancer cells using TGF-beta2 phosphorothioateoligonucleotide antisense. We have been developing a gutless adenovector with extended transgene expression that we think willhave enhanced safety for preclinical and clinical use. Our gutless adenovector DNA backbone contains the cytotoxic gene underthe control of an improved prostate specific promoter and a marker OFP gene for detection in vivo studies. Our improved PSApromoter/enhancer presents 19-fold higher transcriptional activity compared to native PSA promoter/enhancer and has no lossof tissue specificity. Using Apo2L/TRAIL, a TNF-alpha related cytokine with less systemic toxicity, we have demonstratedselective cytotoxicity in our highly aggressive androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line (CL1). Further in vivo studies arebeing conducted to evaluate the overall efficacy and safety of Apo2L/TRAlL gene therapy in combination with TGF-beta2antisense for prostate cancer treatment.DTICCancer; Prostate Gland; Genes; Therapy

20010099513 Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC USAERBB-Receptors and Drug Response in Breast Cancer Final Report, 15 Aug. 1996 - 14 Aug. 2000Harris, Lyndsay N.; Sep. 2000; 40p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-1-6133Report No.(s): AD-A392429; No Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)

The members of the type 1 growth factor receptor family (ErbB1-4) appear to have a role in predicting benefit fromchemotherapy, particularly ErbB2. During the time of this award we have shown that ErbB2 signaling has an effect on cell cycledistribution of the topo IIa enzyme and its phosphorylation state, leading to increased sensitivity to doxorubicin but resistanceto the alkylator cyclophosphamide. We have generated data which suggests that topo Ila is phosphorylated on tyrosine residuesas opposed to serine/threonine as previously described. This effect is seen in response to ErbB2-mediated signaling, but not ErbB3and we believe that this phosphorylation event may be important to determining sensitivity to doxorubicin. In addition, ourexperiments indicate an increased ability of ErbB2-transfected breast cancer cells to repair double-stranded breaks induced bygamma-irradiation. This supports our hypothesis that ErbB2 increases the cells ability to repair DNA in breast cancer cells whichmay be the explanation for resistance to alkylating agents seen in both ErbB2 breast cancer cell lines and human tumors. We hopethat this work will allow us to tailor breast cancer treatment to the individual patient by understanding the mechanisms behinddrug sensitivity and resistance in ErbB2 positive breast cancer.DTICCancer; Chemotherapy; Drugs; Receptors (Physiology); Mammary Glands

20010099574 Department of Defense, Washington, DC USAMedical CommunityShafhid, Igor; Jul. 09, 2001; 15p; In English; Proceedings from Worldwide Chemical Conference, 9-13 July 2001 Sponsored byNDIA, The original document contains color images. Contains viewgraphs only.Report No.(s): AD-A393716; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

These viewgraphs show the proceedings of the Worldwide Chemical Conference, held 9-13 July 2001, sponsored by NDIA(National Defense Industrial Association). They discuss primarily issues and concerns within the medical community.DTICConferences; Medical Services; Chemical Warfare; Diseases

20010099594 McKesson BioServices, Rockville, MD USAServices to Operate and Maintain the Microwave Research Facility at Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas FinalReport, 21 May 1994 - 20 May 2001Akyel, Yahya; May 2001; 424p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-94-C-4069Report No.(s): AD-A392971; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A18, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche

Due to growing concerns for the health and safety of military personnel and civilians exposed to radio frequency radiation,a series of research investigating behavioral, neural, biological, cardiovascular and retinal effects of high peak power pulsedmicrowaves (Mw), ultra-wide-band (UWB) and mm waves were accomplished.DTICResearch Facilities; Electromagnetic Fields; Microwaves; Exposure; Biological Effects; Health

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20010099596 Indiana Univ., Indianapolis, IN USADNA Base Excision Repair (BER) and Cancer Gene Therapy: Use of the Human N-methylpurine DNA Glycosylase(MPG) to Sensitize Breast Cancer Cells to Low Dose Annual ReportLimp-Foster, Melissa; Kelly, Mark R.; Jun. 2001; 23p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0296Report No.(s): AD-A393013; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

To ensure that a cell’s genome is not compromised, elaborate mechanisms of DNA repair are essential for both nuclear andmitochondrial DNA. The DNA Base Excision Repair (BER) pathway is responsible for the repair of alkylation and oxidative DNAdamage. The short patch BER pathway begins with the simple glycosylase N(3)-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG) whichis responsible for the removal of damaged bases such as N(3) -methyladenine, hypoxanthine, and 1 ,N(3)(6)-ethenoadenine fromthe DNA. The resulting AP site is further processed by the other members in the BER pathway resulting in the insertion of thecorrect nucleotide. MPG, the enzyme that initiates the repair, has been over expressed in the breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB231.A construct containing mitochondrial-targeted MPG (mito-MPG) was also made, and MPG over expression was directed to themitochondria. Over expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial-targeted MPG dramatically sensitized MDA-MB231 breast cancercells to methylmethane sulfonate (MMS). After MMS treatment, the number of apoptotic cells was significantly higher in the cellsthat over expressed nuclear- and mitochondrial-MPG compared to the vector control cells. Furthermore, the cells that overexpressed mito-MPG had a significant number of apoptotic cells without drug treatment. The subsequent hypothesis was that theover expression of MPG caused more bases, undamaged and damaged, to be removed. High levels of MPG generated more APsites, especially after MMS treatment, affecting the balance of the BER pathway.DTICCancer; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Cells (Biology); Genes; Chemotherapy; Apoptosis

20010099689 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USAFunction of the Alpha6 in Breast Carcinoma Annual Report, 20 Sep. 1999 - 19 Sep. 2000Mercurio, Arthur M.; Oct. 2000; 48p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-1-6199Report No.(s): AD-A391918; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Breast carcinoma invasion is a complex process that involves directed migration and localized proteolysis, as well as theability of breast tumor cells to survive. The research accomplished during Year 4 of this grant has yielded considerable insightinto the mechanisms that underlie the survival and migration of breast carcinoma cells. A key component of these mechanismsis the integrin alpha 6 beta 4. Expression of this integrin has been linked to the progression of breast cancer and correlated withpoor prognosis. At a mechanistic level, our work has established that this integrin regulates critical signaling pathways involvedin both survival and migration that substantiate its involvement in breast cancer progression. These pathways are the PI3-K/Aktpathway, as well pathways involving the Rho GTPases. Importantly, our work has shown that alpha 6 beta 4 can function in concertwith growth factor receptors implicated in breast cancer progression such as erBb2. As stated in previous progress reports,elucidation of such pathways provides specific targets for therapeutic intervention.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Cells (Biology); Prognosis

20010099694 Tufts Univ., Boston, MA USAThe Role of EMMPRIN in Tumor Progression Annual Report, 1 May 2000-30 Apr 2001Toole, Bryan P.; May 2001; 36p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9413Report No.(s): AD-A392299; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Crucial steps in tumor progression and the process of metastasis, e.g., tumor growth, invasion through extracellular matricesand angiogenesis, involve proteolytic modification of the pericellular matrix surrounding tumor cells. A major class of proteasesinvolved in these processes is the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and inhibition of MMPs prevent progression and metastasisof several tumor types, including human breast carcinomas, in animal models. In vivo, tumor MMPs are usually produced bystromal cells associated with tumors rather than the tumor cells themselves. The tumor cell surface glycoprotein, EMMPRIN,stimulates MMP production by fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and may be an important regulator of MMP production duringtumorigenesis in vivo. However no direct evidence for an important role in tumor progression has been published. The focus ofthis proposal will be to demonstrate directly whether or not EMMPRIN promotes breast cancer progression, whether a role forEMMPRIN in tumor progression may be to promote or induce angiogenesis, and whether inhibitory peptides can be developedthat may have future therapeutic potential. This study should determine definitively whether EMMPRIN-mediated regulation of

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MMPs may constitute a newly discovered step in breast carcinoma progression and metastasis. Interference with EMMPRINaction may then be an effective way to retard breast carcinoma progression in patients.DTICCancer; Cells (Biology); Mammary Glands; Tumors; Enzymes

20010099695 Sloan-Kettering Inst. for Cancer Research, New York, NY USAA Solid Support Synthesis and Novel Conjugation Methods of Breast Tumor Associated Antigen: Toward theDevelopment of Cancer Vaccines Final Report, 1 Jul. 1997-30 Jun. 2000Wang, Zhi-Guang; Danishefsky, Samuel J.; Jul. 2000; 36p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7119Report No.(s): AD-A392300; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

N-linked glycopeptides and glycoproteins are important biomolecules. They been revealed to involve a various biologicalaffairs. For the first time, we have achieved the total synthesis of a high mannose N-linked glycopeptide carrying full H-type IIhuman blood group. In this study, we have developed: (a) an efficient method for constructing core high mannose structure whichis essential for all N-linked glycoproteins; (b) a chemically selective and stereoselective method for N-glycosylation of peptide,which will be widely used for making N-glycopeptide for biological study; (c) an efficient synthetic method to prepare the suitablyprotected lactosamine spacer; (d) an efficient method to construct H-type trisaccharide unit.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Vaccines; Synthesis (Chemistry)

20010099875 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USAAutomated Epifluorescence Microscopy for Detection of Bacterial Contamination in PlateletsSeaver, Mark, Inventor; Jul. 30, 2001; 16p; In EnglishPatent Info.: Filed 30 Jul. 2001; US-Patent-Appl-SN-09,916,272Report No.(s): AD-D019950; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity (Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)), Microfiche

A method for determining the presence of bacteria in a platelet or red blood cell containing sample is disclosed. The methodof the present invention includes the steps of: lysing a substantial portion of the platelets or red blood cells; staining the bacteriausing a membrane permeable nucleic acid stain; filtering the sample using a membrane filter with a suitable pore size so that amaterial containing the stained bacteria is retained on the membrane filter; and analyzing the material retained on the membranefilter using epifluorescence microscopy and/or digital image acquisition and analysis to determine the presence of bacteria in thesample. The method of the present invention allows the detection of bacterial contamination in platelets or red blood cells atclinically significant levels in a relatively short period of time.DTICBacteria; Contamination; Erythrocytes; Platelets; Image Analysis

20010100124 Washington Univ., Saint Louis, MO USAPatient Preferences for Outcomes Associated with Surgical Management of Prostate Cancer Final Report, 1 Oct. 1998-31Mar. 2001Apr. 2001; 38p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8498Report No.(s): AD-A392323; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

We evaluated preferences for current urinary and sexual function following radical prostatectomy in men with clinicallylocalized prostate cancer. We used utility assessment to quantify patient preferences. We measured preferences in 209 communityvolunteers enrolled in a prostate cancer screening study who had radical prostatectomies between 1994 and 1998. We comparedpreferences for three outcome groups: (1) men who were bothered by both their current urinary and sexual functioning, (2) menwho were only bothered by their current sexual functioning, and (3) men who were not bothered by either. Preferences wereassessed via computer-based interview using time trade-off and standard gamble methods. Functioning was assessed viastandardized questionnaire. Differences in utilities were found by outcome group, with median utilities high across groups (0.9for TTO and Standard Gamble), indicating that men were not willing to give up much remaining life years (1 year or 10% riskof death) with current functioning to achieve ideal functioning. Health related quality of life is generally good in patients treatedfor prostate cancer with radical prostatectomy; and those who have urinary and/or sexual dysfunction would not be willing to trademuch of their remaining life span to have perfect functioning.DTICPatients; Urology; Surgery; Cancer; Prostate Gland

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20010100125 Toronto Univ., Ontario CanadaIdentification of IGF-II-Binding Site on the Quaternary 3-D Structure of the Insulin Receptor Annual Report, 1 May2000-1 May 2001Yip, Cecil C.; Jun. 2001; 16p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-D479Report No.(s): AD-A392396; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Gold-labeled IGE-lI has been prepared in micro-scale by reacting IGE-lI with sulfo-NHS- Nanogold, and purified bysize-exclusion HPLC. Two gold-labeled TOE-II products, differing in electrophoretic mobility under acidic condition, wereobtained. Soth products were derivatized with the Nanogold at their N-terminal alanine. Insulin receptor proteins, IR-A and IR-Bhave been extracted and purified from transfectant cells. As expected from previous studies in the transfectant cells, IR-A incontrast to IR-B was activated by IcE-II comparable to that by insulin. The two gold-labeled TOE-lI derivatives when tested ina preliminary study for their activity on IR-A were found to have a good level of activity in stimulating the autophosphorylationof IR-A. In summary, methods have been established to prepare and purify the reagents, namely the gold-labeled TOE-IT and theinsulin receptor proteins, that are needed to form the ligand-receptor complex for the identification of the IGE-IT-binding site ofthe insulin receptor by STEM reconstruction of the 3-D guaternary structure of the complex.DTICCancer; Insulin; Chemoreceptors

20010100126 Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI USARecombinant Breast Cancer Vaccine Annual Report, 1 Sep. 1999-1 Sep. 2000Pilon, Shari; Wei, Wei-Zen; Oct. 2000; 34p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8265Report No.(s): AD-A392397; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Anti-tumor immunity induced by full-length human ERBB-2 DNA constructs was ranked as wild-type ERBB-2 (E2) isgreater than tyrosine kinase deficient ERBB-2 (E2A) is greater than cytoplasmic E2 (cytE2) is greater than cytE2A. CytoplasmicE2 and its tyrosine kinase deficient counterpart cytE2A, both encode a protein targeted to and rapidly degraded in the cytosol bythe proteasomes. Anti-ErbB-2 antibody was induced by immunization with transmembrane but not cytoplasmic, ERBB-2 DNA.Although an excellent vaccine against D2F2/E2, vaccination with E2 DNA was only moderately effective against D2F2/cytE2tumor. Protection against both D2F2/E2 and D2F2/cytE2 was achieved by co-vaccination with cytE2 or cytE2A and GM-CSFor IL-2 DNA, indicating effective immunogenic peptide presentation from cytoplasmic ErbB-2 and a need for costimulation.ErbB-2 specific CTL were detected in mice immunized with cytE2A and GM-CSF after tumor rejection. Co-vaccination withE2A and cytE2A induced synergistic anti-tumor activity, supporting enhanced peptide presentation from cytoplasmic ErbB-2.Transmembrane ErbB-2 DNA vaccination elicited both humoral and cellular immune responses and protected mice fromD2F2/E2. Cytoplasmic ERBB-2 and cytokine DNA vaccination induced anti-tumor cellular, but not humoral responses. Thisstudy demonstrates the feasibility of eliciting individual effector mechanisms by vaccination with targeted DNA constructs andprotection against ErbB-2 expressing tumors without antibody activity.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Immunology; Vaccines; Cells (Biology); Deoxyribonucleic Acid

20010100127 New Mexico State Univ., Las Cruces, NM USAMiniaturized DNA Biosensor for Decentralized Breast-Cancer Screening Annual Report, 1 Jun 2000-31 May 2001Wang, Joseph; Jun. 2001; 29p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0366Report No.(s): AD-A392398; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The use of DNA testing as an important component of breast cancer diagnosis has been increasing rapidly during the l99Os.The goal of this research Is to develop, optimize, and test a miniaturized sensing system for the rapid and relIable genetic screeningdetection of breast-cancer. In accordance to our original goal our studies have focused on various fundamental and practicalaspects of electrical detection of DNA segments specific to the breast-cancer gene BRCAl. We have made a substantial progressand introduced new electrical strategies and routes for improving the reliability of devices for genetic screening of breast-cancer.In particular, we have successfully combined the unique amplification features of new metal nanoparticles or enzyme tags, withan effective magnetic separation (isolation) of the duplex, and a powerful electrical detection for achieving the task of selective

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and sensitive breast-cancer screening. Additional developmental work, particularly further improvements in the sensitivity andsample preparation, is in progress towards the realization of wide-scale decentralized screening for breast cancer.DTICCancer; Diagnosis; Mammary Glands; Miniaturization; Bioinstrumentation

20010100128 Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD USAAutomatic Exposure Control Devices for Digital Mammography Annual Report, 1 Aug. 1999-31 Jul. 2000Fajardo, Laurie L.; Aug. 2000; 39p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9429Report No.(s): AD-A392400; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The broad, long-term objective of this IDEA proposal is to achieve optimized image quality for DM within acceptable limitsof radiation exposure by developing innovative approaches for controlling DM exposures. This project’s specific aims are (1) touse short, low dose pre-exposures of the breast to create ”intelligent” regions of interest that determine the exposure parametersfor the fully exposed image; and (2) to select exposure parameters (mAs, kVp, and beam filtration) based on ”intelligent decisions”that optimize signal-to-noise (SNR) as a function of mean glandular dose. Major Findings & Results: Complete analysis of beamoptimization for digital mammography and mean glandular dose measurements have been completed. Software has beendeveloped for analysis of digitally acquired mammograms allowing the area greatest radiographic attenuation (the ECROl) to beselected and the pixel variance in the ECROl to be analyzed. We are currently completing running our analysis tools using digitalmammograms obtained from breasts with a variety of compositions and sizes. We will evaluate the effect of radiographicheterogeneity on the selection of the ECROl, as well as possible spurious results from microcalcification clusters or cysts.Significance: We have implemented an early version of automatic exposure control device that will be refined over the remaining6 months of funding. Results from a pilot evaluation demonstrate that the AEC produces digital images of higher quality thancurrent conventional mammography at similar or reduced mean glandular radiation doses.DTICMammary Glands; Exposure; Radiation Dosage; Digital Systems; Cancer; Radiation Therapy; Control

20010100134 New York Univ., New York, NY USAAn Investigation of the Facilitative and Inhibitory Variables Impacting Breast Health Practices in Low-SocioeconomicStatus Black Women of African-American and Caribbean Descent Annual Report, 15 Sep. 1999-14 Sep. 2000LaSorsa, Kathryn C.; Jordan, Theresa; Oct. 2000; 53p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9317Report No.(s): AD-A391282; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Black women of low-socioeconomic status (SES) demonstrate a high incidence of breast cancer mortality associated withlate stage diagnosis. Breast cancer screening, including mammography, breast self-examination, and clinical breast examination,remains the most effective route to early cancer detection. Studies indicate poor adherence to breast cancer screening regimensamong low-income minority women. An overall objective of the study is the construction of models that can explain screeningpractices in low-SES black women. This will be accomplished in two separate waves. In the first wave, facilitators and barriersto breast cancer screening participation among low-SES women of African-American and Caribbean descent will be determinedthrough qualitative interview. This approach intends to provide a voice for the concerns and experiences guiding these womenin their screening choices. The current study incorporates an approach-avoidance theoretical framework that considers preventivescreening behaviors to be both desirable and aversive. Based on the factors provided by the respondents in the first wave of thestudy, culturally-sensitive Q-Sort instrumentation will be designed that will allow participants to rank order these factors asfacilitators or barriers and therefore, provide a powerful approach to testing the theoretical paradigm. Finally, innovative modelingtechniques will be applied to determine the strength of models to explain breast health care practices among low-SES Blackwomen, either as idiopathic to the general population of low-SES Black women or specific to African-American or Caribbeancultural groups.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Ethnic Factors; Diagnosis; Examination

20010100136 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USAThe Role of a B-Catenin in Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer Annual ReportTepera, Stacey B.; Rosen, Jeffrey; Mar. 2001; 6p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0133Report No.(s): AD-A391314; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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Many of the molecular events that control normal development of the mammary gland are the same events that, whenmisregulated, result in cancer. Therefore, the understanding of normal developmental processes in the mammary gland is a crucialfirst step to rational design of therapeutics which target these systems in breast cancer. The Wnt family of genes, which were firstidentified for their role in mouse mammary tumorigenesis, initiate a signaling cascade that manifests in the stabilization ofbeta-catenin protein. The proposed experiments are based on the hypothesis that misregulation of this pathway results in anaccumulation of stabilized (beta-catenin, and genes involved in growth, cell death, and cell invasion are upregulatedinappropriately, resulting in tumorigenesis. The proposed experiments use two methods to study beta-catenin’s direct role inmammary gland development and tumorigenesis. Reconstitution experiments using retrovirally-transduced, stabilized(beta-catenin and transgenic mice expressing a dominant negative mutant beta-catenin (beta-catDN) specifically in the mammarygland provide opposite approaches for study. These two systems will be analyzed for changes in morphology, downstream geneexpression, and flinctional differentiation, comparing gain- and loss-of-function of beta-catenin. Many factors implicated inmammary oncogenesis regulate beta-catenin, and beta-catenin is clearly involved in tumorigenesis in other organ systems,suggesting a role for beta-catenin in mammary oncogenesis. The proposed experiments will characterize beta-catenin’s direct rolein mammarv gland development and tumorigenesis.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Cells (Biology); Genes

20010100244 Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH USAPTPu Regulates Cell Adhesion and Signaling in Human Prostate Cancer Cells Final Report, 1 Jun. 1998-30 Nov. 2000Kalnay, Susann-Brady; Dec. 2000; 178p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8586Report No.(s): AD-A392053; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The purpose of this research is to understand how cell adhesion-induced signals are transduced to negatively regulate cellgrowth and how this process is altered in prostate cancer. Extracellular events that regulate cell growth are transmitted by changesin tyrosine phosphorylation, which is controlled by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs).Cancer causing genes encode PTKs that cause uncontrolled cell growth suggesting that PTPs play a role in negative growthregulation or function as tumor suppressors. Both cell adhesion molecules and tyrosine phosphorylation regulate contactinhibition of growth, i.e. when normal cells stop growing because they contact adjacent cells. Prostate cancer cells have defectsin both cell adhesion and contact inhibition of growth. The receptor PTP, PTP mu, directly interacts with E-cadherin, the majorcell-cell adhesion molecule in prostate cells. Loss of components of the cadherin pathway has previously been observed in prostatecancer cells. We recently demonstrated that PTPmu is no longer expressed in prostate cancer cells. Re-expression of PTPmurestores adhesion and negatively regulates cell growth. A detailed analysis of how PTPmu alters adhesion, cell growth and signaltransduction is described and provides insights into both normal cell growth as well as malignant transformation in prostate cancer.DTICCells (Biology); Prostate Gland; Suppressors; Genes; Cell Division; Genetics

20010100245 Pennsylvania Univ., Wistar Inst., Philadelphia, PA USAStructural Basis of CDK4 Inhibition by p18ink4c Annual Report, 1 May 1998-30 Apr 2001Venkataramani, Ravichandran N.; Marmorstein, Ronen; May 2001; 61p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8270Report No.(s): AD-A392269; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Our research primarily revolves around the study of 1NK4 proteins. INN4 proteins are key regulators of cell cycle progressionacting at the Gl-S phase transition. INK4 proteins act upstream of pRb tumor suppressor and thereby, control the expression ofS-phase specific genes. We have determined the structure of p18INK4c to 1.95 A. We present the structure here and its implicationsfor ankyrin repeat proteins and INN4 protein function. Based on the insight gained from our structure of p18INK4c, we havedesigned several mutants to study the impact of the mutation of specific residues on the efficacy of the INK4 proteins. We havedetermined that at least three mutants - F71N, F82Q, F92N have significantly higher thermostability than the wild-type protein.We present the 3D structures of these proteins as well as their efficacy in vivo in this report.DTICMutations; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Proteins; Regulators

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20010100246 Johns Hopkins Univ., School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USAFatty Acid Synthesis and Prostate Cancer: Hormonal Regulation and Anti-Metabolite Targeting of an Acquired Functionin Neoplasia Annual Report, 1 Oct. 1999-30 Sep. 2000Pizar, Ellen S.; Oct. 2000; 33p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9580Report No.(s): AD-A392296; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) performs the anabolic conversion of dietary carbohydrate or protein to fat. FAS expression is lowin most normal tissues, but is elevated in many human cancers, including androgen sensitive and androgen independent prostatecancer. This project seeks to characterize androgen mediated and androgen independent mechanisms for fatty acid synthesispathway activation during prostate cancer progression, using cell culture and animal models of prostate cancer, and analyzinghuman tumor tissue in parallel. It further seeks to evaluate the potential therapeutic utility of FAS inhibitors for prostate cancerin preclinical models. Progress in the first year includes development and validation of cell culture and xenograft model systemsfor FAS expression and activity, and evaluation of FAS inhibitor efficacy in vitro and in three tumor xenograft models. Metaboliclabeling studies of human prostate carcinoma tissues have confirmed functional activation of the fatty acid synthetic pathway inclinical disease. The data suggest that FA synthesis provides an important functional aspect of the malignant phenotype in prostatecancer, perhaps supporting cell growth or survival. FAS expression is upregulated by alternate signaling pathways important forprostate cancer growth under androgen withdrawal, suggesting that FAS may serve as a novel target for anti-metabolite therapyin prostate cancer.DTICFatty Acids; Prostate Gland; Cancer; Synthesis (Chemistry); Clinical Medicine; Growth; Culture Techniques; Inhibitors;Metabolism

20010100247 Georgetown Univ., Washington, DC USAGene Therapy for Prostate Cancer Radiosensitization Using Mutant Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Annual Report, 1Jan.-31 Dec. 2000Soldatenkov, Viatcheslav A., Georgetown Univ., USA; January 2001; 20p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0019Report No.(s): AD-A392306; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The central objective of this proposal is to express the DNA-binding domain of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) undercontrol of prostate tissue-specific promoter in prostate cancer cells and sensitize them to radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Here wedescribe the strategy for cloning the 5’-regulatory elements (1.3 kb enhancer and 0.6 kb promoter) of the human gene for prostatespecific antigen (PSA). Further, we developed the recombinant plasmids that contain cDNA encoding for DNA-binding domainof PARP (PARP-DBD) downstream of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, pCMV-DBD/F, or PSA promoter/enhancer,pPSA(EP)-DBD/F. These plasmids allow expression of the PARP-DBD protein in prostate carcinoma cells both, in constitutiveand in androgen-inducible fashion. The pCMV-DBD/F construct was assayed for its ability to direct synthesis of appropriatelysized FLAG-fusion protein in LNCaP prostate carcinoma cells. The availability of tissue-specific expression vectors expressingpro-apoptotic protein (PARP-DBD) offers a feasible approach for prostate cancer gene therapy.DTICGenetics; Genetic Engineering; Prostate Gland; Cancer; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Radiation Therapy; Chemotherapy; Cloning(Biology); Antigens; Mutations

20010100248 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USATyrosine Kinase Gene Expression Profiling in Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 1 Mar. 2000-28 Feb. 2001Weier, Heinz-Ulrich G.; Mar. 2001; 12p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0085Report No.(s): AD-A392307; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

There is strong evidence that the expression of genes involved in signal transduction such as protein kinases is altered in tumorcells and that the aberrant expression of one or several of these genes parallels the progression of tumors to a more malignantphenotype. We developed a DNA micro-array based screening system to monitor the level of expression of tyrosine kinase (tk)genes and to derive quantitative information to support prognostication and therapeutic decisions. In the first year of this effort,we finished the development and testing of hardware necessary to prepare the DNA micro-arrays, performed RNA extraction,cDNA preparation and labelling reactions, and defined a working protocol for array hybridization and quantitative analysis. Ourprototye design simultaneously measures the expression of 63 different tk genes. Additional targets for investigation will bedefined by the ongoing molecular cloning and sequencing of gene transcripts found in prostate cancer cell lines and clinical

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specimens. Using a set of phenotypically well characterized prostate cancer cell lines, the system has proven to be able to deliverreproducible data regarding changes in tk gene expression during cell transformation and progression towards a more malignantphenotype.DTICTyrosine; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Quantitative Analysis; Clinical Medicine; Genetic Engineering; Gene Expression; Cells(Biology)

20010100250 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USAIdentification of Components of the Cell Death Pathway Annual Report, 1 Jun 1999-31 May 2000Vincenz, Claudius; Jun. 2000; 29p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-1-6085Report No.(s): AD-A392310; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Identification of the molecular components of any biological process is the first step towards a full understanding and abilityto manipulate such a process. This is no different for apoptosis, a process known to be directly involved in the development oftumors. No less that 7 molecules that directly participate in the apoptotic process were characterized on a molecular level fromeffort supported by this grant. These include several caspases, an adaptor molecule, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologue, and afamily of viral and mammalian inhibitors of cell death. In vitro mechanistic studies established the principle of a caspase cascadein which upstream caspases cleave and activate more abundant downstream caspases producing an enhancement of the apoptoticsignal. We show that the most upstream caspases can auto-activate upon aggregation and that in the case of death receptors thereis a direct link between receptor ligation and activation of the apical caspase. We also identified viral and cellular inhibitors ofthis auto-activation process. Further, a novel Bcl-2 homologue, BOO, was identified that is only expressed in reproductive tissues.We were also able to assign a function to wt-Huntingtin protein and show that it is protects from multiple apoptotic stimuli.Mechanistic studies reveal that it interacts and inhibits directly Caspase 9.DTICGenes; Ovaries; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Cells (Biology); Death

20010100251 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USAAnalysis of Interval Changes on Mammograms for Computer Aided Diagnosis Annual Report, 6 Apr. 2000-5 Apr. 2001Hadjiiski, Lubomir; May 2001; 27p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8211Report No.(s): AD-A392312; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A multistage regional registration technique (MRRT) was developed for identifying masses on temporal pairs ofmammograms. It was investigated the use of the density-weighted contrast enhancement (DWCE) technique to improve thelocalization of the corresponding mass on the prior mammogram. 179 temporal pairs of mammograms containing biopsy-provenmasses were used for evaluation. 84% of the estimated lesion locations resulted in an area overlap of at least 50% with the truelesion locations. The average distance between the estimated and the true centroid of the lesions on the prior mammogram was4.816.9 mm. The registration accuracy was improved in comparison with the registration without DWCE. Regions of interestcontaining the corresponding masses were identified on the current and prior mammograms of the temporal pair. The masses wereautomatically segmented using a K-means clustering algorithm and active contour model. Texture, spiculation and morphologicalfeatures were extracted from each mass. An additional difference features were obtained by subtracting the features of the priormass from those of the current mass. The feature space for each temporal pair consisted of the texture, spiculation andmorphological features from both the prior and the current mammograms and the difference features. MRRT can be useful foridentification of corresponding lesions on temporal pairs of mammograms. The obtained features will be used for classificationof malignant and benign temporal masses as well as detection of temporal change.DTICComputer Techniques; Diagnosis; Cancer; Mammary Glands

20010100252 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USARole of cdc25 Phosphatases in Cellular Immortalization Final Report, 23 Mar. 1998-22 Mar. 2001Galaktionov, Konstantin I.; Apr. 2001; 20p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8021Report No.(s): AD-A392320; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The goal of this proposal is to study the potential role of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent checkpoint and especially thecdc25 phosphatase family of cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) activators in cellular immortalization. We have shown that cdc25

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phosphatases did in fact extend the normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) life span, but did not immortalize them. The effectwas most prominent with cdc25A and cdc25B phosphatases. CDC25C phosphatase had less effect on HMEC life span.Experiments with catalytically inactive cdc25A mutant show that phosphatase activity of cdc2SA is essential for the life spanextension. Our experiments show that telomerase is not activated by cdc25A expression in normal human cells, suggesting thatcdc25 most likely affect Ml, but not M2 checkpoints. Retroviral cDNA libraries (sense and anti-sense) were introduced intoHMEC together with cdc25 to assay for the potential ’enhancement’ of cdc25 ability to expand the cellular life span. Among genesaffected by the appropriate antisense constructs are p33, p16/ARF and seladin-1.DTICMammary Glands; Epithelium; Cells (Biology); Phosphorylation; Assaying

20010100256 Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD USARibozyme-Mediated Breast Cancer Gene Therapy Annual ReportPitha-Rowe, Paula Marie; Oct. 2000; 7p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8114Report No.(s): AD-A391315; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

In our laboratory we have developed lentiviral vectors for use in anti-breast cancer gene therapy. Our specific goal for thisproject is to evaluate the feasibility of using lentiviral vectors that express anti-HER-2/neu antisense or ribozymes for the treatmentof breast cancer. The advantage of lentiviral vectors over other vectors is that lentiviral vectors can transduce human cells withgreat efficiency. We have demonstrated that HIV-based lentiviral vectors can transduce a variety of human cell types with up to99% efficiency, as measured by FACS analysis of GFP expression in vector-transduced cells. For example, Sup Tl cells can beroutinely transduced with greater than 99% efficiency. This expression is stable with cells expressing high levels of GFP forgreater than 60 days in culture. Primary human CD4+ T cells are routinely transduced with up to 95% efficiency. Strikingly,CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells are transduced with up to 90% efficiency in NOD/SCID mice, as assayed by measuring GFPexpression in the SCID repopulating cell population (SRC). Finally, breast cancer cells can be efficiently transduced with a GFPexpressing lentiviral vector. Constructs expressing an anti-HER-2/neu antisense/ribozyme payload have been constructed and areready for testing in breast cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Therapy; Genes

20010100257 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USADevelopment of a Novel Ligand Binding Assay for Estrogen Receptor Annual ReportChung, Chi-Kong Arthur; Apr. 2001; 8p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9068Report No.(s): AD-A391316; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Nuclear receptors undergo conformational changes when they bind their cognate ligands. It should be possible to monitorthese changes in vivo using resonance energy transfer between flurophores. The existence of inherently fluorescent proteins suchas the variants of jellyfish green fluorescent protein (GFP) suggests that this problem may be approached by making fusions ofthese proteins to nuclear receptors. We set out to study this problem using the estrogen receptor (ER), a nuclear receptor knownto undergo a conformational change upon ligand binding. We have proposed to generate a novel intrinsic ligand binding assayfor the estrogen receptor based on ligand dependent conformational changes detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer(FRET) between complimentary fluorescent proteins. We are in the process of cloning double and single chimeras of the estrogenreceptor and the various fluorescent proteins into mammalian CMV expression vectors. We have extended the number of chimerasthat we are generating because of the advent of new fluorescent proteins now available from Clontech, which include cyan, yellowand red fluorescent protein vectors. These new fluorescent proteins are more optimal for FRET than the original blue and greenvariants.DTICProteins; Estrogens; Ligands; Assaying; Receptors (Physiology); Cancer; Mammary Glands

20010100386 Indiana Univ., Indianapolis, IN USANovel Mechanisms of Tumor Promoter Activity by Estrogenic Xenobiotics Final Report, 13 Apr. 1998-12 Mar. 2001Bigsby, Robert M., Indiana Univ., USA; April 2001; 82p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8011Report No.(s): AD-A391904; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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Ovariectomized, adult rats, were injected with the tumor initiator methylnitrosourea (MNU). Tumor incidence withouthormone replacement was 3%. Continuous estradiol or estrone replacement for 8 months yielded 24% or 54% tumor incidence,respectively. when progesterone was included with estrone, tumor incidence was 88%, significantly greater (p - 0.042) than theincidence with estrone alone. Thus, progesterone synergizes with estrone to induce tumorigenesis. Synergistic stimulation ofglandular growth was associated with this increase in tumor incidence. Ovariectomized mice were treated withBeta-hexachlorocyclohexane or o,p’-DDT by continuous, slow release capsule; the lowest blood levels required to produce anestrogenic effect were 42 ng/ml or 18 ng/ml, respectively. These concentrations are only slightly higher than those found inhumans, suggesting that these compounds may pose a risk at current exposure levels. Transfection studies using mutant formsof estrogen receptor and a luciferase reporter expression vector showed that the two activation domains within the receptor, AF-1and AF-2 are required for full activity of xenoestrogens. With wild-type receptor, xenoestrogens were as effective as estradiol.when either activation domain was mutated, the xenoestrogens were 33-50% less effective than estradiol. Thus, xenoestrogensdepend on the combined effects of AF-1 and AF-2 for their full effect.DTICNeoplasms; Estrogens; Mice; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Females

20010100400 Pennsylvania State Univ., Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA USAThe Role of the Cell Surface Proteases Meprin A and B in Breast Cancer Progression Annual Report, 1 May 2000 - 30 Apr.2001Matters, Gail L.; May 2001; 17p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8143Report No.(s): AD-A393343; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Meprins are extracellular proteases that have been implicated in the progression of cancer from a nonmetastatic to a metastaticphenotype. Current studies have indicated that meprins can cleave the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin, and denaturedcollagen (gelatin) in vitro. In addition, overexpression of meprins on cultured breast cancer cells increased their in vitroinvasiveness through reconstituted basement membrane (Matrigel). This evidence indicates meprins may influence extravasation,intravasation and formation of tumors at secondary sites.DTICCancer; Cells (Biology); Mammary Glands; Protease

20010100402 Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USADiscovery of Protein Markers in Breast Cancer by Mass Spectrometry Annual Report, 3 Apr. 2000 - 2 Apr. 2001Seeholzer, Steven; May 2001; 13p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0250Report No.(s): AD-A393348; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The purpose of this research is to discover protein markers associated with the early development of breast cancer. One ofthe earliest common changes in this process occurs when some breast epithelial cells begin to grow and proliferate independentlyof estradiol. Normal breast epithelium requires this hormone for growth and proliferation. Dr. Robert Clarke of GeorgetownUniversity has provided us with two breast epithelial cell lines: MCF7 cells, whose proliferation is dependent on estradiol; andLCC1 cells, a cell line derived from MCF7 whose proliferation is independent of estradiol. We have begun applying proteomicstechniques (two dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry) in order to characterize broadly the patterns of proteinexpression in these two cell lines both in the presence and in the absence of estradiol. We have confirmed Dr. Clarke’s previousfindings that the patterns of protein expression of the LCC1 cells are not affected much by estradiol and more closely resemblethose patterns seen in the estradiol stimulated MCF7 cells than they do the unstimulated MCF7 cells. We have begun to identifythe estradiol induced protein changes by mass spectrometry and have implemented methods for subcellular fractionation in orderto increase the depth and breadth of our discovery efforts.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Mass Spectroscopy; Proteins

20010100451 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAFunctional Activities and Immunohistochemical Distribution of Superoxide Dismutase in Normal, Dysplastic andSquamous Cell Carcinoma Oral TissuesHawley, Thomas D.; Jul. 26, 2001; 53p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393822; AFIT-CI-01-205; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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Although reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) fulfill physiological roles e.g., intracellular signaling and protection againstmicrobes, sustained ROI levels result in oxidative stress and its deleterious sequelae e.g., DNA mutations to include transmissionsand translations. Consequently, aberrant antioxidant enzyme function has been speculated to be a key contributor incarcinogenesis. Levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the antioxidant enzyme responsible for the dismutation of superoxide tohydrogen peroxide and oxygen, can vary greatly depending upon tissue site and donor status. The purpose of this study was todetermine the functional SOD activities TOTAL, MITOCHONDRIAL (Mn), and cytosolic (CuZn) in histologically confirmednon-inflamed normal oral mucosal, inflamed normal oral mucosal, and oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues (SCC) and tocharacterize the in vivo cellular distribution of MnSOD and CuZnSOD in representative sections of the above tissues, as well as,oral epithelial dysplasia. Materials and methods: Total (tot), cytosolic (CuZn), and mitochondrial (Mn) SOD activities werespectrophotometrically determined (25 deg C, 550 nm) by calculating the rate of inhibition of reduction of acetylated cytochromec. Immunohistochemical studies using standard techniques (avidin-biotin-peroxidase) and commercially available CuZnSODand MnSOD antibodies were completed. Results of functional SOD assays: (1) all of the samples showed the highest proportionof SOD activity located within the mitochondria, (2) both the inflamed normal and SCC tissues contained a heavy influx of hostinflammatory cells, and (3) the overall data trends show a SCC greater than inflamed normal greater than non-inflamed normaldistribution in SOD activities.DTICAntioxidants; Enzyme Activity; Cancer; Inorganic Peroxides; Mitochondria; Histology; Immunology; Oxidation

20010100501 General Hospital Corp., Boston, MA USARole of Whn in Mammary Gland Development and Tumorigenesis Annual Report, 30 Sep. 1999-29 Sep. 2000Baxter, Ruth, General Hospital Corp., USA; October 2000; 17p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9276Report No.(s): AD-A388627; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

We are studying the function of Whn, a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor, in mammary gland development andtumorigenesis. Previous work from our laboratory investigating Whn function in the skin has shown that it has roles in bothproliferation and differentiation. Consistent with this data, mice lacking functional Whn have defects in the formation and functionof the mammary epithelia. We have shown that Whn is expressed in nuclei of mammary epithelial cells, and that it is present attimes when the gland is undergoing periods of proliferation and differentiation. Transgenic mice have been created in which Whnis targeted to the mammary epithelium by use of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter. These mice will be usedto characterize the effects of increased Whn expression on mammary gland development and function. Investigation of Whn inhuman breast cell lines has indicated that the protein is expressed at low levels in normal breast cells but may be decreased or lostin some tumor cell lines. This indicates that loss of the protein, rather than a gain of function, may be involved in the malignantprogression.DTICMammary Glands; Growth; Epithelium; Cancer

20010100510 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USAMechanisms of Breast Carcinogenesis Involving Wild-Type p53 Annual Report, 1 Aug. 1999-1 Aug. 2000Manfredi, James; Sep. 2000; 72p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7336Report No.(s): AD-A391321; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Genetic alteration of p53 resulting in loss-of-function is a common event in many human cancers. In contrast, the majorityof human breast carcinomas express a wild-type p53 protein. p53 is a transcription factor which exerts its effects by regulatingthe expression of particular target genes. Alterations in the expression of factors that regulate p53-dependent transcription maycontribute to breast carcinogenesis in which the p53 itself is wild-type. As an approach to identify such factors, three p53-dependent target genes have been identified in which additional sequence elements besides p53 binding sites are involved in thetranscriptional response to p53.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Genes; Carcinogens

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20010100511 Baylor Coll. of Medicine, Houston, TX USAThe Role of Maspin in Prostate Tumorigenesis and Development Annual Report, 15 Jan. 2000-14 Jan. 2001Zhang, Ming; Feb. 2001; 8p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0006Report No.(s): AD-A391319; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The object of this proposal is to understand the tumor suppressor function of maspin in prostate, and to explore maspin’s rolein normal prostate development. Maspin knockout mouse model will be employed to study the effects of loss of maspin functionon mouse prostate tumorigenesis and development. We hypothesize that the presence of maspin (by stable transfection or byadenovirus mediated maspin gene delivery) will prevent or delay prostatic tumorigenesis and metastasis, while loss of maspinin mouse model will render it more susceptible to tumor formation and metastasis. We will take advantage of the powerful toolof mouse genetics by crossing maspin knockout mice with a well characterized mouse prostate cancer model (TRAMP) to testthis hypothesis. Prostatic tumorigenesis and normal prostate development will be studied using a variety of established techniques,including organ culture, histopathology, and molecular biology.DTICCancer; Suppressors; Prostate Gland; Genetics; Organs

20010101029 Chicago Medical School, Chicago, IL USAEmotional Expression and Psychological Adjustment to Prostate Cancer: A Brief Intervention for Patients and TheirPartners Annual Report, 1 Feb. 2000-31 Jan. 2001Zakowski, Sandra G., Chicago Medical School, USA; February 2001; 5p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0017Report No.(s): AD-A392313; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The current study examines the effects of a psychological intervention that encourages emotional expression in prostatecancer patients and their partners. Prostate cancer patients (n=130) and their partners are randomly assigned to an interventionor a control group. Following Pennebaker’s model, subjects in the intervention group are asked to write about their deepestthoughts and feelings regarding their cancer experience for 20 minutes each day for three consecutive days. The control groupis asked to write about trivial non-emotional topics. Outcome variables including psychological distress, quality of life, andphysical symptoms is assessed at baseline and over a period of nine months after the intervention (one week, three, six, and ninemonths). In accordance with our approved Statement of Work data collection is currently underway. to date 15 subjects havecompleted all follow-up assessments and 36 subjects have been enrolled and are at various stages of the data collection process.Data processing has begun, including data entry and verification, which has been completed for all subjects currently enrolledin the project.DTICSigns and Symptoms; Prostate Gland; Cancer; Patients; Sensory Feedback; Emotional Factors; Psychology

20010101030 McGill Univ., Montreal, Quebec CanadaLocating a Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Gene on the X Chromosome by Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping Using ThreeFounder Populations in Quebec and SwitzerlandFoulkes, William D., McGill Univ., Canada; Hournal of Fluid Mechanics; March 2001; Volume 434, pp. 371-378; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0033; NSF OCE-98-03204Report No.(s): AD-A392314; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A02, Hardcopy

The funded proposal has not yet been activated. We have obtained DOD-endorsed ethical approval at McGill University, butbecause we are waiting for ethical approval at the other 2 sites we cannot begin. The need to obtain ethical approval at all siteswithin the McGill University Hospitals system led to much longer delays than anticipated as four separate ethics board had toapprove the DoD-endorsed documents. This endeavour took from September 1999 to October 2000. We now have approval atMcGill University and at all the component hospital sites. The work required to obtain IRB approval in Switzerland wassubstantially more complicated than we had envisioned as their system is very different from ours in North America. We havesubmitted the Single Project Assurance package from Switzerland and are currently waiting to hear from the DoD. We havesubmitted parts 2,3 and 4 of the Chicoutimi (Quebec) SPA and the ethics committee have met and approval should be forthcomingin the next month or so. We waited for McGill IRB approval before involving Chicoutimi because we wanted to provide themwith DoD-approved documents in French so that they wouldn’t have to repeat our work. Realistically, we anticipate that within6 months, approval will have been obtained at all sites and the study will be ready to begin.DTICProstate Gland; Cancer; Chromosomes; Genetic Code

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20010101031 Fayetteville State Univ., NC USAChanging the Attitudes and Behaviors of Black Men to Screening for Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 1 Mar. 2000-28 Feb.2001Twum, Maxwell, Fayetteville State Univ., USA; March 2001; 71p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0016Report No.(s): AD-A392317; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The objectives of the project are: (a) to explore the prevailing attitudes toward prostate cancer screening among Black menin the Cape Fear region of North Carolina; (b) to determine the comparative effectiveness of a one-time presentation of informationadvocating prostate cancer screening to that of repeated presentations of the message, and (c) to determine the characteristics andimpact of the agent of information delivery on the attitudes and behaviors of Black men toward screening for prostate cancer. Thestudy involves the presentation of uniform messages advocating the benefits of prostate cancer screening to a group of 120 blackmen 40 years and older who have never been screened for prostate cancer, nor participated in a prostate cancer education program.Researchers, health professionals, and peer facilitators will deliver educational messages once to one group, and three times toa second group. The comparison of attitudes before exposure to the messages to that after exposure will help determine the impactof the program on attitudes in the groups. Furthermore, the number of men screened following exposure to messages will helpdetermine the impact of the program on behavior change.DTICEducation; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Minorities; Males; Psychology

20010101032 Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA USAAntibody: Pretargeted Cytokine Therapy of Cancer Annual Report, 15 Apr. 2000-14 Apr. 2001Weiner, Louis M., Fox Chase Cancer Center, USA; May 2001; 12p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9183Report No.(s): AD-A392365; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

We hypothesize that the selective accumulation of systemically administered cytokines at tumor sites can alter tumormicroenvironments to favor the induction of anti-tumor immune responses. We further hypothesize that this can be accomplishedby pre-targeting tumors with antibody-streptavidin immunoconjugates and then administering biotinylated cytokines. Thepurpose of this research program is to identify antibody-pretargeted cytokine therapy strategies that lead to tumor-selectivecytokine accumulation the development of host inflammatory cell infiltrates in tumor, and the induction of tumor-specificimmunity. The ultimate goal of this research is to identify candidate strategies for clinical development, alone or in combinationwith tumor vaccines. We have made significant progress toward achieving these goals. lnterleukin-2 (IL-2) has been biotinylated,and its biological properties have been thoroughly characterized. We have obtained a streptavidin-conjugated monoclonalantibody that recognized the Ep-CAM tumor antigen that is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer specimens. Thebiodistribution properties of the antibody - streptavidin conjugate and of the conjugate admixed with biotinylated IL-2 have beencharacterized, and pretargeting therapy studies are about to commence.DTICNeoplasms; Medical Science; Antibodies; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Physiological Responses

20010101033 Wake Forest Univ., School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USAA Novel RNA Virus System for Selective Killing of Breast Cancer Cells Annual Report, 1 Apr. 2000-31 Mar. 2001Parks, Griffith D., Wake Forest Univ., USA; April 2001; 40p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392382; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The goal of the proposed work is to develop novel methods based on recombinant SV5 (rSV5) for targeting and killingpredetermined populations of tumor cells. During the previous funding period, we have accomplished our proposed phases of theapproved tasks. First, we have constructed new chimeric proteins composed of SV5 glycoproteins linked to a single chain antibody(sFv) specific for human HER-2. We have developed an assay to test functional interactions between these chimeras and HEP-2,and have used flow cytometry to identify optimal forms of sFv for cell surface expression (Task 1) . We are currently testing thischimera for expression in rSV5-infected cells. Second, we have generated human breast cancer cell lines which express thetet-repressor protein (Task 2) . These stable cell lines are important as they will serve as the inducible target cells which will beinduced to express varying levels of HER-2 to test the specificity of our rSV5 targeting model. Thus, our progress over the lastyear has resulted in identifying two important components for our research plan: a candidate anti-HEP-2 sFv for inserting intorSV5 genome and cell lines which will be the targets for testing the specificity of targeted infection and killing.DTICRibonucleic Acids; Mammary Glands; Cancer; Tumors; Assaying; Antibodies; Viruses; Cells (Biology)

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20010101034 City of Hope Medical Center, Research Inst., Duarte, CA USAMetal Ion Complexes for Antibody Imaging and Therapy in Breast Cancer Annual ReportShively, John E.; September 2000; 16p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8031Report No.(s): AD-A392386; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The goals of this project are to prepare and test novel bifunctional chelates based on DOT A to antibodies directed to CEA(carcinoembryonic antigen) and Her2/neu. The conjugates will be radiolabeled with In-111 for tumor imaging. and Y90 for tumortherapy. In the first year of the project we have shown that the CEA positive MCF7 cell line transfected with Her2/neu can be grownin nude mice injected with estrogen pellets and used as a tumor model. Since we have previously conjugated anti-CEA antibodyT84.66 with DOTA and shown it to target CEA positive tumors, we began our work with the anti-Her2/neu antibody 4D5. In thesecond year of the project, we have extended these studies to the humanized version of 4D5, Herceptin, and shown that good tumortargeting can be achieved even for parental MCF7 cells that don’t over-express Her2/neu. We have also shown thatY90-anti-Her2/neu therapy is about equally effective to Y90-anti-CEA therapy.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Antibodies; Chelates; Neoplasms; Radiation Therapy; Estrogens; Metal Ions

20010101175 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAImposed Work of Breathing and Breathing Comfort of Nonintubated Volunteers Breathing with Three PortableVentilators and a Critical Care VentilatorAustin, Paul N.; Jan. 2001; 280p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393611; AFIT-CI01-204; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A13, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

In spontaneous breathing modes, past laboratory work using a lung model indicated portable ventilators as compared tocritical care ventilators may increase inspiratory work of breathing. The purpose of this study was to assess the imposed inspiratorywork of breathing and breathing comfort of nonintubated healthy volunteers breathing spontaneously through three portableventilators and a critical care ventilator in a controlled environment. A physiologic theoretical framework was used for the study.With all subjects having continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) settings of 0 and 5 cm H2O and pressure support ventilation(PSV) settings of 0 and 10 cm H2O, the hypotheses were: 1) Imposed work (WOB1) and pressure-time product (PTP1) with the7200ae (Mallinckrodt, critical care ventilator) will be less than those in the Achieva (Mallinckrodt) ventilator and LTV 1000(Pulmonetic) ventilator, which will be less than those of the Univent 754 (Impact) ventilator (WOB1 and PTP1 with 7200ae isless than Achieva = LTV 1000 <Univent754);2)breathingcofort (BC) reported by subjects breathing with the 7200ae will begreater than that with the Achieva and LTV 1000, which will be greater than the Univent 754 (BC with 7200ae> Achieva = LTV1000 is greater than Univent 754). The study used a randomized, single blind repeated measures design using healthy nonobesesubjects (n=16). Measured respiratory parameters were saved to a personal computer and subjects recorded BC on a visualanalogue scale that had been previously assessed for validity. Control breathing periods were interposed after each fourth studyperiod; maximum inspiratory pressure was the proxy measure for fatigue.DTICRespiratory System; Pressure Breathing; Ventilators

20010101177 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USASurface Electromyographic Evaluation of Nocturnal Masticatory Muscle ActivityMcDaniel, Randall J.; May 08, 2001; 75p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393616; AFIT-CI-01-207; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Research has demonstrated a strong correlation between diurnal oral parafunctional activities and signs and symptoms ofTMD. It is widely accepted that morning jaw pain is a result of nocturnal oral parafunctional activity, but to date, no cause andeffect relationship has been demonstrated. This preliminary investigation used a portable EMG system to record all nocturnalmasseter and ipsilateral temporalis muscle activity to a notebook computer. Twenty subjects were enrolled, ten into a morningjaw muscle pain group (JP) and ten into a non-pain control group (NJP). All subjects received a clinical examination to includethe Cramo- Mandibular Index (CMI) and Symptom Severity Index (S SI). A baseline clinical measurement (BCM) was obtainedby having each subject maximally clench three times and recording the average. Each subject was requested to wear the EMGelectrodes for ten nights of data. The data were analyzed with EMG graphing software to determine the percent of time each subjectspent below the 15%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% levels of the BCM. A 2- sample t-test was performed to compare the JP and NJPgroups at each percent level, group BCM mean values, group mean ages, gender, mean recorded minutes and total recordedminutes. No statistically significant difference was found with any of the above parameters, including the percent of BCM levels.Based on this study the JP and NJP groups were not different with respect to the duration of nocturnal masticatory muscle activity

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and specific intensity levels. Difficulties were encountered with electrode pad disconnections possibly contributing to theexcessive intra-group variability and inter-group overlap.DTICMuscles; Mastication; Electromyography; Diurnal Variations

20010101284 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAPneumococcal Vaccine Rates in Persons 65 and Older: A USAF Medical Facility Record ReviewJohnson, Edward G.; Jul. 26, 2001; 20p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393594; AFIT-C101-206; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The pneumococcal vaccine is underutilized according to self-reported surveys and the full scope of the problem remainsundetermined. Objective: Primary aims were to determine if the documentation of pneumococcal vaccination varied betweenclinics for patients 65 and older; and to compare the results with national survey reports and claims data. Methods: 368 medicalrecords were examined in this prevalence survey with 268 records from the internal medicine clinic (IMC) and 100 records fromthe family practice clinic (FPC) at the Wilford Hall U.S. Air Force Medical Center. Results: The documentation rates were 92.9%and 69.0%, for IMC and FPC respectively. This difference in documentation rates was statistically significant (chi-square =35.462; df= 1; p is less than 0.001) and both clinics exceeded the rates found in surveys and claims. Conclusions: Clinics differin their vaccine documentation and self-reported national survey data might not accurately reflect the prevalence of pneumococcalvaccination.DTICVaccines; Clinical Medicine; Medical Services

20010101295 New York Medical Coll., Valhalla, NY USATumor Associated Antigenic Peptides in Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 30 Sep. 1999-28 Feb. 2001Tiwari, Raj, New York Medical Coll., USA; March 2001; 38p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8534Report No.(s): AD-A392354; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

We had earlier demonstrated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of tumor derived heat shock protein, gp96-peptidecomplexes. Since this tumor rejection property was specifically mediated by tumor denved and not non-tumor derivedgp96-peptide complexes, and that gp96 preparations stripped of its peptides are non-immunogenic, we examined the hypothesiswhether prostate cancer associated peptides which may act as tumor rejection antigens can be identified in gp96-peptidecomplexes utilizing a combinatorial single chain phage display antibody library. We have successfully used combinatorial singlechain phage display library (scFv) for the detection of tumor rejection antigens and to define the heterogeneity of cancer antigensin prostate cancer. These novel reagents helped us to characterization of the 170 kDa protein specifically expressed in MAT-LyLucells that could be a target for immunotherapy. These scFvs were used to identi?y synthetic peptides that mimic the activity ofthe tumor rejection antigen gp96. We also demonstrated that a tumor protective immune response can be generated using thesesynthetic peptides. Our results now confirm that T cell defined epitopes can be recognized by antibodies and that there may existconsiderable overlap. In this respect, the existing paradigm was challenged.DTICProstate Gland; Cancer; Thermal Shock; Proteins; Tumors; Heterogeneity; Antigens; Peptides

20010102678 Pacific Environmental Services, Inc., Herndon, VA USAMedical Waste Incinerator Waste Management Plan, Malcolm Grow Medical Center, Building 1056, Andrews Air ForceBase, MarylandJun. 2001; 13p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): F41624-95-D-9017Report No.(s): AD-A393684; IERA-RS-BR-SR-2001-0004; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

State of Maryland’s regulations require that any person who owns or operates a hospital, medical and infectious wasteincinerator prepare a waste management plan that identifies the feasibility and approach to solid waste segregation or materialsubstitution to reduce the amount of toxic emissions. This waste management plan has been written to meet these requirementsfor the Malcolm Grow Medical Center at Andrews AFB, MD.DTICIncinerators; Management Planning; Waste Management; Medical Services; Toxicity

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20010102754 Texas Univ. Health Science Center, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, San Antonio, TX USAAn In Vitro Comparison of Pantographic TechniquesDouglas, Jay, Texas Univ. Health Science Center, USA; May 2001; 209p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393749; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

The primary use of pantography is to program an articulator so the articulator movements will more closely harmonize withthe patient’s mandibular movements. The objective of this four-part investigation was to assess and compare the accuracy,repeatability, and procedure time of the optoelectronic computerized pantograph, the electronic stylus computerized pantograph,the mechanical pantograph, and the kinematic face-bow. This study was performed in vitro on three identical semi- adjustablearticulators (Denar Mark II, Teledyne Water Pik). A kinematic face-bow (Denar Axis Locator, Teledyne Water Pik) andoptoelectronic pantograph (Condylocomp, Dentron) performed the transverse horizontal axis investigations. A mechanical(Denar, Teledyne Water Pik), electronic-stylus (Pantronic, Teledyne Water Pik), and optoelectronic (Condylocomp, Dentron)pantograph performed protrusive condylar path, progressive mandibular lateral translation, and immediate mandibular lateraltranslation determinations. The experimental design restricted the patient variables associated with these methods. An initialevaluation was performed to identify the measured mid-point of the articulator condyles. Next, the Stuart axis locator (StuartGnathologic Instruments) was used to determine the transverse horizontal axis of each articulator. The kinematically locatedtransverse horizontal axis and the measured center of the condylar ball were identical.DTICIn Vitro Methods and Tests; Computerized Simulation; Medical Equipment

20010102922 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAGovernment Estimates in the Tricare Managed Care Support ContractsJonasson, Michael E.; Aug. 13, 2001; 101p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393549; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

In 1994, the Department of Defense (DoD) began a journey, to merge the Military Health System (MHS) with the conceptof the Managed Care Support Contractor (MCSC). The DoD managed health care program, called TRICARE, includes thecompetitive selection of contractors to financially underwrite the delivery of civilian health care services with a uniform, stabilizedbenefit structure, triple option health benefit features, and a regionally-based health care management system. The goals ofTRICARE are to maintain medical readiness, improve access to care, provide a secure quality health care benefit, provide a choiceof health care options, and contain DOD health care costs. The Managed Care Support (MCS) contracts are fixed-price contracts,with risk-sharing features and a bid price adjustment process designed to periodically substitute projected/estimated health carecosts with actual health care costs. MCS contracts are 5 1/2 year contracts, with a 6-month phase-in period prior to start-up ofdelivery of health care services, followed by 5 1-year option periods. This thesis will explore the bid price adjustment processwithin the MCS contract, and the Government’s methodology used to project/estimate health care costs for use by offerors in thebidding process. Selected as an example for discussion is the Regions 3 and 4 MCS contract. This thesis explores whether theGovernment, in choosing and engaging a methodology for projecting/estimating health care costs, should have instead chosenanother methodology or path; i.e., ”the road not taken.”DTICContractors; Health; Management Systems

20010102924 New York Univ. Medical Center, New York, NY USAThe Role of RPTP-Alpha-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases in Mammary Tumorigenesis Final Report, 1 May 1998-30Apr 2001Sap, Jan M.; May 2001; 33p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8136Report No.(s): AD-A393537; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The aim of the studies covered under this report was to start addressing the potential role of protein tyrosine phosphatasesin mammary tumorigenesis. On theoretical grounds, this class of enzymes could be expected to either act as negative regulatorsof growth (e.g. tumor suppressors), or to act oncogenically, e.g. by their ability to activate kinases that are negatively regulatedby phosphorylation. We have addressed this question using RPTPa as a model PTP. Expression of this PTP has been surveyedin human breast cancers, in vitro studies have been performed to assess the effect of this PTP on growth properties andtumorigenicity of mammary carcinoma cells. Both approaches have led to the conclusion that increased expression of this PTPcorrelates with a less advanced stage of tumor progression. A number of studies have also been started to address the effect ofRPTPa mouse gene ablation on models of mouse mammary tumorigenesis. These results suggest RPTPa may be useful as a marker

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for tumor progression, and raise a cautionary note regarding the use of PTP inhibitors in tumor therapy. These studies have beendelayed with respect to the original timetable, but are proceeding.DTICCancer; Phosphorylation; Proteins; Tyrosine; Enzymes

20010103237 Pennsylvania Univ., Wistar Inst., Philadelphia, PA USAA Novel Myc-Interacting Protein With Features of a Breast Tumor Suppressor Gene Product Final Report, 15 Sep.1996-14 Sep. 2000Rauscher, Frank K.; Oct. 2000; 112p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-1-6324Report No.(s): AD-A392297; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This research project was founded on our discovery of the Bin1 gene, which encodes a novel adaptor protein (originallyknown asDTICProteins; Genes; Cancer; Mammary Glands

20010103246 Johns Hopkins Univ., School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USAThe Role of DNA Methyltransferase in the Progression of Breast Cancer to a Hormone Independent Phenotype AnnualReport, 1 Sep. 1999-30 Aug. 2000Yan, Lan; Sep. 2000; 43p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8116Report No.(s): AD-A391690; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Estrogen and progesterone and their receptors play major roles in the development and function of the mammary gland aswell as in breast cancer biology and treatment. However, 25-30% of human breast cancers lack ER alpha and PR expression andrespond poorly to hormonal treatment. Absence of ER alpha and PR expression is associated with lack of transcript, methylationof the CpG islands in the promoter regions of these genes, and increased DMT activity and DMT1 protein. The purpose of thisproposal is to address the hypothesis that specific inhibition of DMT1 by antisense oligoucleotides (DMT1 ASO) is sufficient tore-express ER and PR genes in ER-/PR-human breast cancer cell lines. Our results demonstrated that after DMT1 ASO treatment,human breast cancer cell lines used in this study showed significant growth inhibition, DMT1 expression was blocked at proteinlevel as well as at mRNA level. ER expression was observed after DMT1 ASO multiple treatment. The re-expression of PR andother breast cancer suppressing genes are currently under investigation.DTICDeoxyribonucleic Acid; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Estrogens; Genes

20010103248 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USAIsolation of Genes Involved in Human Prostate Cancer Progression by Functional Expression Cloning Annual Report, 1Aug. 2000-31 Jan. 2001Sawyers, Charles; Feb. 2001; 9p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8569Report No.(s): AD-A391693; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

During phase I of this IDEA Award, we examined mechanisms of androgen independent prostate cancer progression usingour LAPC xenograft model. Our focus was to identify genes and/or signaling pathways that might be responsible for androgenindependent growth, through expression cloning. We have successfully identified several such candidates through screeningxenografts and validated the activity of these candidates in xenograft models. Our current focus is to study two genes/pathwaysthat were identified in this screen (the EGFR/Her2 pathway and the cathepsin D protease) as tools to create new transgenic modelsof prostate cancer. We are also developing a new transgenic model using the avian retrovirus receptor TVA that will allow us tointroduce multiple transgenes into the prostate in a stepwise manner and to manipulate androgen levels without affecting transgeneexpression (as part of the Phase II grant).DTICCancer; Cloning (Biology); Genes; Prostate Gland; Genetic Engineering

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20010103371 Illinois Univ., Broad of Trustees, Chicago, IL USABreast Carcinoma Cell Targeted Therapy by Novel Vitamin D Analog Final Report, 1 Sept 1997-31 Aug. 2000Mehta, Rajeshwari R.; Sep. 2000; 138p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7263Report No.(s): AD-A391706; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Vitamin D and its analogs are growth-suppressing and cell-differentiating but also have high calcemic activity. We identifieda new synthetic vitamin D analog: 1 alpha (OH)D5. In malignant breast cells, it induced expression of differentiation markers,namely alpha 2 integrin intracellular lipid and casein. Human breast carcinoma cells treated in vitro with 1 alpha (OH)D5 failedto form tumor when injected into athymic mice. In vivo, in athymic mice, dietary supplementation of 1 alpha (OH)D5 inhibitedtumor growth and appeared to induce differentiation of transplanted human breast carcinoma cells. Animals receiving dietary 1alpha (OH)D5 showed no serious deleterious effects except slight but significant increases in serum calcium. Serum calcium levelsdeclined to that of control baseline level within one week of discontinuation of the treatment. We conjugated 1 alpha (OH)D5 withHer-2 antibody and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy in an experimental animal model. The 1 alpha (OH)D5-Her-2 conjugateinhibited the in vivo growth of breast carcinoma cells transplanted into athymic mice. The immunoconjugate was more effectivethan either agent administered alone in inhibiting growth of breast cancer cells. Animals receiving immunoconjugate showed nosigns of toxicity or hypercalcemia.DTICMammary Glands; Cancer; Cells (Biology); Therapy; Calciferol

20010103538 Stanford Univ., School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USADNA Replication Initiator Proteins and Genetic Instability: Creating a Mouse Model for Prostate Cancer Final Report,15 Aug. 1998-14 Aug. 2000Jackson, Peter K.; Sep. 2000; 144p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8557; Proj-Report No.(s): AD-A391522; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Hyperploidy is a well-known pathological hallmark of cancer cells including prostate cancer. The mechanisms underlyingthis form of genomic instability are essentially unknown. We have identified a pathway in fission yeast critical for maintainingDNA replication control. Two genes in the pathway, POPl and POP2, encode WD4C domain proteins that heterodimerize to hindto regulatory proteins and promote their ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The targets of this proteolytic destruction machineryinclude regulators of cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclins, Cdk inhibitors, and the replication initiator protein, CDCl8. Mutationsin Popl or Pop2 cause yeast to accumulate these regulators and to prominently overreplicate their genomes (>8N) . Accordingly,the POP genes behave as ”rereplication suppressors” in yeast. We have identified human and mouse homologs of the POP geneswhich we have called hPOPl and mPOPl. These genes encode proteins that are overall 21% identical and 55% similar to yeastequivalents, hut have higher degrees of homology in some domains. We have begun to test whether these proteins serve a similarrole in mammalian cells. Using radiation hybrid mapping and FISH, we have mapped the human POPl to a region that has beensuggested to contain a potential tumor suppressor for urogenital cancer.DTICCancer; Cells (Biology); Prostate Gland; Genetics; Deoxyribonucleic Acid

20010103544 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USAThe Measurement and Interpretation of Health in Social SurveysThomas, Duncan; Frankenberg, Elizabeth; Dec. 2000; 36p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391483; RAND/DRU-2550-NIA; WORKING,PAPER,SERIES,01-06; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03,Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Health status is hard to measure. It is widely recognized that health is multi-dimensional reflecting the combination of an arrayof factors that include physical, mental and social well-being, genotype and phenotype influences as well as expectations andinformation. A multitude of health indicators have been used in scientific studies drawing on data from both the developed anddeveloping world. Understanding what those indicators measure is central if the results reported in the studies are to be interpretedin a meaningful way. Whether one is interested in summarizing the health of a population or understanding the links between healthand other measures of well-being at the individual level, poor measurement will likely yield poor inferences. There is a largeliterature that discusses the validity and limitations of different health measures. Murray and Chen (1992) and Sadana (2001)provide excellent reviews and discussion. Some of the most insightful empirical studies have compared indicators of specificmorbidities reported by respondents in health interview surveys with indicators based on health examinations of the sameindividuals conducted by trained health workers. Other very influential studies have examined the extent to which self-reported

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health predicts health problems later in life. A third class of studies contrasts prevalence rates based on health interviews with othersources.DTICPublic Health; Surveys

20010103548 Chicago Univ., Chicago, IL USADevelopment of a Common Database for Digital Mammography Research Annual Report, 15 Sep. 1998-14 Sep. 1999Nishikawa, Robert M.; Oct. 1999; 9p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-94-J-4076Report No.(s): AD-A391425; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The purpose of this infrastructure project is to develop a large database of digitized mammograms that will be distributed freeof charge to researchers working in all aspects of digital mammography. This database will facilitate and promote rapiddevelopment in digital mammography research. The database will consist of 1000 cases subdivided into 5 categories, 4 containingdifferent breast lesions -- masses, microcalcifications, architectural distortions, asymmetric densities (both benign and malignant)-- and one containing normal mammograms. The mammograms will be collected and digitized (0.05-mm pixel size) at two sites:the Universities of Chicago and North Carolina. The database will be stored at the two sites and will be available over internet,and by mail on CD, tape and magneto-optical disks. to date 611 cases have been digitized. Each case consists of index and previousexams (each having four standard views) and up to two special-view mammograms (e.g., magnification views). The computersystems for the database have been assembled and are connected to the network. The first release of 50 cases with clusteredmicrocalcifications will be made shortly after true location of the cluster is determined. This release will be followed by another50 cases of microcalcifications and 100 cases with masses.DTICData Bases; Image Processing; Digital Systems; Information Systems; Mammary Glands; Cancer

20010103550 Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN USACharacterization of Genetic Alterations in Ovarian Cancer Annual Report, 1 Oct. 1999-30 Sep. 2000Smith, David; Oct. 2000; 27p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9504Report No.(s): AD-A391417; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Ovarian cancer is a highly lethal malignancy specific to women. We have set up the infrastructure at Mayo for an OvarianCancer Research Program utilizing the rich resources of clinical material and linking work from molecular geneticists with thatof dedicated clinicians. We are proposing to combine several powerful strategies to clone many of fie genes involved in ovariancancer development. The first project focuses on identifying genes that are over-expressed or under-expressed during thedevelopment of ovarian cancer using subtraction suppression hybridization cDNA libraries and Gene Expression Array Analysisin collaboration with Millennium Predictive Medicine. The second project focuses on the role of gene amplification in familialversus sporadic ovarian cancer. The third project is to characterize two common fragile sites, FRA6F (6q21) and FRA6E (6q26)which are derived from chromosomal regions frequently deleted in ovarian cancer and that also contain genes involved inreplication senescence. Thus we have three interactive projects whose overall focus is to identify key genetic targets in thedevelopment of ovarian cancer. This Program Project is centered within a larger institutional effort to better understand the biologyof the development of ovarian cancer and to devise better strategies for prevention, early detection and treatment of this lethaldisease.DTICCancer; Gene Expression; Genes; Ovaries; Genetics

20010103551 University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USAMolecular Epidemiology of Breast Cancer Carcinoma in Situ Annual Report, 1 Aug. 1999-31 Aug. 2000Press, Michael F.; Sep. 2000; 15p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-1-6156Report No.(s): AD-A391416; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This is a molecular epidemiologic case-control study of breast carcinoma in situ (CIS) in Los Angeles County designed toaddress issues related to the cause and progression of breast CIS by determining epidemiologic risk factors, characterizing selectedmolecular genetic alterations and prospectively assessing disease progression. The specific aims of the research are (1) to assessepidemiologic risk factors associated with development of breast CIS, (2) to determine how frequently specific oncogenes or the

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p53 tumor suppressor gene are altered in breast CIS, (3) to investigate potential relationships between various epidemiologic riskfactors and somatic genetic alterations and (4) to assess long-term the association of these factors with disease progression. Wehave interviewed a total of 1599 women in connection with this investigation. 573 women with breast carcinoma in situ , 480 whitewomen (including Hispanics) and 93 African-American women, have been interviewed. These women were 35-64 years old,diagnosed with breast CIS, residents of Los Angeles County, US-born, and English speaking. As described in our original proposal1026 control women have been interviewed as part of the Women’s CARE Study funded by the NICHD. The DOD has notprovided funding for the control interviews and, hence, we have not reported them to the DOD in this progress report althoughwe will use them for comparison purposes when we analyze the breast CIS case data at the conclusion of this study.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Epidemiology; Genetics; Diseases; Ethnic Factors

20010103552 Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH USAProstate Carcinoma Metastasis Tracked with Histochemical Marker Genes Final Report, 1 Jul. 1998-31 Dec. 2000Culp, Lloyd A.; Jan. 2001; 142p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8587Report No.(s): AD-A391333; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This project examines mechanisms by which human prostate carcinoma (PCA) cells undergo metastasis in an athymic nudemouse (male) model system since little attention has been devoted to these events for PCA. This includes PCA CWR22, CWR22R,and CWR21 xenografts adapted to tissue culture. to track tumor cells at the single-cell level and quantitatively, histochemicalmarker genes have been transfected for resolution as blue-, red-, or black-staining cells. Specific aim I examines the organspecificity of metastatic spread (particularly to bone and liver which escape detection in most animal models). Lacz-taggedCWR22R cells have been isolated and s.c. injected. We routinely observe micrometastases in lung, liver, and bone and specificityof these events further evaluated in an experimental metastasis model. Aim II examines any significance for androgen formetastatic spread; with CWR22R, androgen-relatedness has been observed for both initiation of primary tumors and specificityof metastasis. Aim III evaluates possible interclonal cooperativity by injecting two different PCA cell types tagged with differentmarker genes. These experiments identify a new model for human prostate carcinoma derived from a primary tumor (therefore,not an already-metatastically selected population from the patient) that mimicks the progression characteristics of the humandisease.DTICCancer; Cells (Biology); Prostate Gland; Markers; Histochemical Analysis; Culture Techniques

20010103553 Washington Univ., School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO USATumor Supressor Genes in Early Breast Cancer and its Progression Final Report, 1 Sep. 1994-31 Aug. 2000Goate, Alison M.; Sep. 2000; 57p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-94-J-4293Report No.(s): AD-A391328; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a pre-invasive stage of breast cancer. From our allelotyping study of DCIS, chromosomalregions of 8p, 13q, 16q, 17p and 17q showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) significantly above background (5%). We concentratedour efforts on the LOH mapping of a region on 8p (30% LOH) and identified the smallest common deletion region located at8p22-p23 in an 1.4 cM interval. An integrated YAC/BAC clone contig covering the deletion region was constructed using CITBand RPCI-11 BAC libraries and the publicly available YAC contig information. STSs (sequence tagged sites) developed fromCITB BACs and the publicly available insert end sequences from RPCI-11 BACs on the contig were used for database search.Seven clones with full working draft sequences were identified and localized to the contig. Clone RPCI-11 184021 containsgenomic sequence for the tyrosine kinase, blk. A second predicted gene in the same clone shows 89% homology to hematopoieticcell kinase (Hck), a member of the SRc family of tyrosine kinases. Clone RPCI-11589N15 contains sequences homologous tohuman procathepsin B, Squalene synthase and GATA-4. When the sequence of the entire deletion region becomes available,gene-finding programs can be used to identify all genes in this region and assess the likelihood of a gene being a tumor suppressorgene (TSG). Then, the putative TSGs can be evaluated on normal and tumor tissues of DCIS cases.DTICGenes; Mammary Glands; Cancer; Suppressors; Genetics; Diagnosis

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20010103554 Illinois Univ., Broad of Trustees, Chicago, IL USAAdipocyte Differentiation: Relationship to Breast Cancer Annual Report, 1 Jan.-31 Dec. 2000Bulun, Serdar E.; Jan. 2001; 52p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7025Report No.(s): AD-A391324; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Our results generated during this report period supported the central hypothesis in this grant application. In summary, we havea two-hit hypothesis. First, malignant epithelial cells block the differentiation of surrounding adipose fibroblasts throughcytokines. Then, epithelial factors induce aromatase expression in these undifferentiated fibroblasts via switching aromatase genepromoter use from the physiologically used promoter 1.4 to aberrantly activated promoter II. During this grant period, wedemonstrated that the transcription factor C/EBPbeta mediates this malignant epithelial cell effect on adipose fibroblasts. The endresult is aromatase overexpression and increased local formation of estrogen in breast cancer. In future, we seek to isolate thesemalignant epithelial cell-derived factors and associated signaling pathways in adipose fibroblasts. We also will determine whetherestrogen regulates the formation of antiadipogenic cytokines IL-11 and TNFalpha in malignant epithelial cells.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Epithelium; Estrogens; Cells (Biology)

20010103555 Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USAFunctional Analysis of Breast Cancer Susceptibility Gene BRCA2 Final Report, 11 Jul. 1997-30 Oct. 2000Schoenfeld, Alan R.; Aaronson, Stuart A.; Nov. 2000; 28p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7317Report No.(s): AD-A391240; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Germline mutations in the BRCA2 gene lead to an increased lifetime risk for breast and ovarian cancer, and pancreatic,prostate, and male breast cancers. Although the BRCA2 protein has been reported to play a role in DNA repair, the normal cellularfunction of the BRCA2 gene is still mostly unknown. In this report, we demonstrate that cellular levels of BRCA2 protein arediminished following UV irradiation, suggesting that regulation of BRCA2 during DNA repair is complex. In work based on aprevious collaborative observation, we also explore a potential interaction between BRCA2 and Braf35 proteins and provideevidence that this interaction does not occur in cells. Additionally, we show that among the human homologs of the RecA familyof DNA repair proteins, BRCA2 binds exclusively to Rad5 1. Regulation of BRCA2 expression by p53 was assessed and BRCA2levels were found to be unaffected by p53. We also report the construction of a series of epitope-tagged BRCA2 constructs thatwill be used to identify potential BRCA2-interacting proteins. These efforts will help provide a more complete picture of thenormal cellular role of the BRCA2 gene.DTICCancer; Mammary Glands; Genes; Cells (Biology); Deoxyribonucleic Acid

20010103557 Temple Univ., School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA USAExpression of BRCA2 Gene Product in Normal and Breast Cancer Cells and in Vivo Analysis of its Tumor SuppressorFunction Final Report, 1 Jul. 1997-30 Jun. 2000Arakkal-Nellissery, Jacob; Jul. 2000; 8p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-97-1-7038Report No.(s): AD-A391236; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Breast cancer is a major health problem affecting American women, accounting for 181200 new cases diagnosed in 1997 and17% of all cancer deaths (Parker et al, 1997). Among the various epidemiological factors that contribute to the development ofbreast cancer, a positive family history of breast cancer in a first degree relative is associated with a doubling of risk (Claus et al,1990). It has been estimated that genetically inherited forms of breast cancer account for approximately 5%- 10% of all breastcancer cases (Weber and Garber, 1997). Genetic linkage analysis in large kindred’s with several affected individuals, has localizedtwo breast cancer susceptibility genes, Brcal (Hall et al, 1990) and Brca2 (Wooster et al, 1994) to the long arm of chromosomes17q21 and 13q 12 respectively. These two genes have recently been isolated by positional cloning strategies (Miki et al, 1994;Wooster et al, 1995). Germline mutations in Brcal predispose the carrier females to early onset breast and ovarian cancer, whileBrca2 mutations increase the susceptibility to breast and pancreatic cancer. Unlike Brcal, mutations in Brca2 also increase the riskof male breast cancer (Stratton et al, 1994). Identification of these 2 breast cancer predisposing genes has enabled the developmentof diagnostic tools for carrier detection and therapeutic intervention in familial breast cancer.DTICCancer; Genes; In Vivo Methods and Tests; Cells (Biology); Mutations; Genetics

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20010103559 Texas Univ., M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USAA Molecular Epidemiologic Case-Case Study of Prostate Cancer Annual Report, 1 Sep. 1998 - 28 Feb. 2001Strom, Sara S.; Lin, Sue-Hwa; Mar. 2001; 24p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8471Report No.(s): AD-A392344; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Although prostate cancer is the most common cancer in western countries, risk factors for this disease have not been wellcharacterized. Furthermore, research on genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer is in its infancy. This study builds upon anongoing project by adding genetic susceptibility markers. Additionally, we accrued new patients with metastatic disease.Constitutional markers are being evaluated as predictors of prostate cancer risk including: (a) polymorphisms within the androgenreceptor and 5-Alpha-reductase genes, vitamin D receptor; (b) relative expression levels of several mismatched repair genes(hMSH2 and hMLH1) and radiosensitivity related genes (ATM, GADD45, XRCC1), and (c) frequency of replication errors intumor and normal DNA. These data will be integrated with epidemiologic and clinical information. Results from this researchmay identify markers of progression, which could help in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Our findings indicatethat decreased mismatched repair gene expression may be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. These results suggestthat DNA damage-repair pathways may be involved in prostate carcinogenesis. Incorporation of data obtained form this researchto ongoing studies in our department, including the metastatic patients, will allow us to confirm this finding and further explorethe molecular basis of the underlying mechanisms of prostate cancer etiology.DTICGenetics; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Epidemiology

20010103560 Hutchinson (Fred) Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA USAThe Single Prostate Cell Transcriptome as Biological Assay Annual Report, 1 Oct. 1999 - 28 Feb. 2001Nelson, Peter S.; Mar. 2001; 27p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8499Report No.(s): AD-A392342; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Technological advances in robotics and image analysis software have expanded the capabilities of large-scale strategies toprovide for a more complete analysis of molecular differences between tissues or cells of interest. The research accomplished todate has demonstrated the ability to reproducibly isolate defined prostate cell populations by microdissection and flow cytometry.Gene expression studies of the cells purified by flow-cytometry reveal an altered expression profile that we believe results fromthe tissue dissociation/dispersion procedures. Ongoing and future work employs microdissection as the procedure of choice forspecific cell-type analyses. The microdissection approach using a laser capture microscope is an efficient procedure for isolatingcells representing abundant cell types, and we have isolated, purified, and analyzed the gene expression profiles from luminalepithelium and stromal elements. We have greatly expanded the database of sequences acquired from specific prostate cell types,and constructed arrays encompassing a wide range of diverse genes (n=6,000). In preliminary experiments we have used amplifiedcDNA probes isolated from small cell numbers to assess the gene expression profiles of defined cell types.DTICCancer; Cells (Biology); Bioassay; Data Bases; Prostate Gland

20010103763 General Accounting Office, Accounting and Information Management Div., Washington, DC USAReport to the Acting Secretary of Veterans Affairs. VA Information Systems: Computer Security Weaknesses Persist atthe Veterans Health AdministrationSep. 01, 2000; 46p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393773; GAO/AIMD-00-232; B-285729; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Our objectives were to determine the status of computer security within VHA and evaluate department wide initiatives toimprove Computer Security throughout VA. to determine the status of computer security within VHA, we (1) evaluatedinformation system general controls at the VA Maryland Health Cafe System, the New Mexico VA Health Care System, and theVA North Texas Health Care System and (2) reviewed VA’a fiscal year 1999 financial statement audit report; VA’a 1999 FMFIAreport; and VA OIG, internal VHA, and consultant reports on computer security at VHA facilities.DTICComputer Programs; Reports; Computer Information Security; Data Processing

20010103768 Georgetown Univ., Medical Center, Washington, DC USADietary Prevention of Breast Cancer Annual Report, 15 Aug. 1999 - 14 Aug. 2000Hilakivi-Clarke, Leena A.; Sep. 2000; 40p; In English

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Contract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9196Report No.(s): AD-A393138; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The purpose of the project is to appraise critically the state of dietary prevention of breast cancer and to forge new avenuesof investigation in the field of nutrition. A special emphasis is on the role of diet during fetal life, puberty, and pregnancy, ininfluencing breast development and breast cancer risk (task-1) . In addition, the data we obtain using animal models serve as abasis of developing and conducting studies in human populations (task-3). Dietary factors that are the focus of these studies arefats, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and phytoestrogens. Special emphasis is put on identifying theirmechanism of action (task-2). In particular, the role of ER-alpha and ER-beta and eicosanoids in mediating the effects of PUFAsand phytoestrogens are assessed. We will also determine whether BRCA1 is involved. In pubertal girls and adult parous women,estrogen-regulated factors, including epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor a and insulin like growth factors, arestudied in the serum and nipple aspirate fluid. During the funding period, a course is developed and directed at the GeorgetownUniversity as a new initiative to the existing Tumor Biology program, addressing critical nutritional issues in breast cancer(task-4). Significant progress has been made towards all the four tasks, and this progress is detailed in this report. For example,we have shown that prepubertal estrogen exposure reduces breast cancer risk in an animal model, and our cohort study in 3,447Finnish women support this conclusion. Further, our data indicate that up-regulation of ER-beta protects the mammary gland frommalignant transformation. Development of the proposed course has also been completed, and it will be offered to students startingin Spring 2001.DTICNutrition; Cancer; Mammary Glands; Fatty Acids; Diets

20010103780 Health Research, Inc., Buffalo, NY USAThe Preclinical Evaluation of Fever-Range, Whole Body Hyperthermia as an Adjuvant to Chemotherapy and CytokineImmunotherapy for the Treatment of Breast CancerPritchard, Michele, Health Research, Inc., USA; June 2001; 10p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9364Report No.(s): AD-A393088; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This predoctoral grant was written to examine the effect of combining fever-range whole body hyperthermia with cytokineimmunotherapy and chemotherapy in animal models of breast cancer. Progress in year number two has recently improved withthe implementation of a new animal model that closely represents human breast cancer and will replace the less appropriate CT26model (a colon cancer model) used in year number one. This represents the most significant advance. The 4T1 cell line is a murinemammary adenocarcinoma syngenic to balb/c mice that spontaneously metastasizes. Although only preliminary experimentshave been performed suggesting that IL-l2 decreases lung metastasis, the model is now solidly in place in the laboratory. Secondly,the work with the CT26 model has moved forward slightly and the importance of IFN-gamma to the observed enhancement ofthe anti-tumor response with the combination of IL-l2 and whole body hyperthermia noted in year one has been hypothesized.Unfortunately, a bizarre, septic shock-like syndrome has been observed that has hampered further progress in both animal modelsthe past 4 months. The etiology of this syndrome is still under investigation by the PI and the Roswell Park Cancer InstituteDepartment of Laboratory Animal veterinary staff.DTICCancer; Chemotherapy; Hyperthermia; Signs and Symptoms; Veterinary Medicine

20010103783 Sunnybrook and Women’s Coll. Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario CanadaThe Cell Cycle Inhibitor p27KIP1: A Key of G1 Arrest by Androgen Ablation and by Vitamin D3 Analog Final Report,4 Jan. 1999 - 3 Jan. 2001Slingerland, Joyce; Feb. 2001; 42p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-99-1-9024Report No.(s): AD-A393133; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Our previous research in LNCaP and in vivo in prostate cancers suggested that the cell cycle inhibitor, p27, is an importanteffector of growth arrest in the prostate. In the work of the last 2 years, we have shown that the cell cycle regulator, p27, mediatesgrowth arrest by the vitamin D3 analog, EB 1089. Work during final year of the grant period has addressed how processesregulating p27 are altered during prostate cancer progression. Effects of androgens and vDR activation by EB 1089 on p27function were assayed. We demonstrated that physiologic concentrations of DHT and EB 1089 have synergistic effects toupregulate p27 and inhibit growth of prostate cancer cells. This work has led us to assay the effects of a combination of low doseDHT and EB 1089 in pre-clinical trials using LNCaP xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Our preliminary data analysis of thesein vivo studies in mouse models suggest that DHT and EB 1089 causes synergistic inhibition of prostate cancer growth and can

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prevent tumor formation in nude mouse models in this in vivo mouse model. Data from these studies would support the inceptionof clinical trials of the combination of low dose DHT and EB 1089 in prostate cancer patients. Unraveling the pathways wherebythese steroid hormones influence the cell cycle has defines p27 as a novel target for anti-prostate cancer drugs. Moreover, ourstudies of p27 protein expression before and after NHT may provide a new marker to identify hormone resistant primary prostatecancers and stimulate development of novel treatment strategies.DTICGrowth; Physiology; Prostate Gland; Cancer; Hormones; Cells (Biology); Vitamins; Tumors; In Vivo Methods and Tests

20010103787 Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor, MI USADevelopment of Digital Steroscopic Imaging Technique in Mammography Final Report, 20 Apr. 1998-19 Apr. 2001Chan, Heang P.; May 2001; 26p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD18-98-1-8210Report No.(s): AD-A392070; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The goal of this research is to develop stereoscopic techniques for mammographic imaging and to investigate the feasibilityof using stereomammography to improve the sensitivity of mammography for breast cancer detection, especially in dense breasts.During this year, we conducted further studies to investigate the effects of imaging techniques on depth perception and depthmeasurement in stereomammography. A GE Senographe 20OOD full field digital mammography system was used forstereoscopic imaging. We developed a stereoscopic imaging technique in which the phantom was shifted instead of the focal spotfor acquisition of the left-eye and right-eye images. In a preliminary observer study, we found that larger stereo angles andzooming facilitate depth measurement with a virtual cursor. In a separate observer experiment, we evaluated the effects ofmagnification, contact, and zooming on depth discrimination. We found that the accuracy of depth discrimination increased withincreasing fibril depth separation and with increasing x-ray exposure. Zooming the contact stereo images by 2X did not improvethe accuracy. Depth discrimination was superior with stereo images acquired using geometric magnification in comparison withimages acquired using a contact technique. These studies indicate that stereoscopic imaging may improve the perception of imagedetails and depth separation, and thus may be useful for differentiating overlapping tissues from masses and identifying 3D spatialdistribution of microcalcifications in mammography. Based on the information from these observer studies, it will be possibleto design effective imaging techniques for stereomammography. The improvement in perception of the details of mammographicfeatures and the additional size and depth information are expected to improve diagnostic accuracy of mammographicabnormalities.DTICDigital Systems; Cancer; Diagnosis; Mammary Glands

20010103855 Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI USAPain Management Skills for Minority Breast Cancer Patients Annual Report, 15 Aug. 1999-31 Oct. 2000Backonja, Miroslav; Oct. 2000; 25p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-94-J-4233Report No.(s): AD-A391415; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This project developed patient educational materials for lower-income African American and Hispanic women with breastcancer and cancer-related pain. The development of the materials was guided by the results of studies designed to establish theeducational needs of women of each ethnic heritage. A manuscript describing the results of our baseline studies has been publishedin Cancer, and three book chapters have been written using project data. The results of the baseline studies indicated that over halfof the minority women were experiencing severe pain and that their physicians underestimated pain severity. The second studyfound that the women’s health care providers demonstrated conservative pain management practices. They reported inadequatepain assessment and patient reluctance to report pain as top barriers to optimal pain treatment. The patient educational materialsare designed to teach women how to communicate with their providers about their pain. The materials also discuss effective painmanagement and dispel myths about opioid medications. The educational materials are being tested in a randomized clinical trialat sites that serve minority patients. Patient recruitment and accrual have been slow but are gradually increasing. An additionalone year unfunded extension has been requested to finish the clinical trial.DTICCancer; Ethnic Factors; Mammary Glands; Patients; Pain

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20010103993 Texas Univ., M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX USAProstate Cancer Treatment Based on the Suppression of Andiogenesis and Metastasis Final Report, 1 Sep. 1998 - 28 Feb.2001Pasqualini, Renata; Mar. 2001; 15p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8561Report No.(s): AD-A392343; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A polymeric form of fibronectin, superfibronectin (sFN), is a novel non-cytotoxic compound that has impressiveanti-metastatic effects in animal experiments. It is thought to act by interfering with adherence and/or migration of tumor cellsin the host. Metastases originating from human melanoma, sarcoma and carcinoma cells have been found to be suppressed by sFN.In this stage for the project, we proposed to determine the feasibility of using sFN as an anti- prostate cancer agent by addressingthree important issues: 1) demonstration that sFN is effective in preventing the spread of established tumors; 2) lack of detailedstudies regarding the toxicity of sFN; and 3) lack of standardization of the sFN polymerization process.DTICBlood Vessels; Cancer; Prostate Gland; Tumors

20010104072 Boston Univ., Boston, MA USANew Biophysical and Genetic Techniques for Advanced Material Development Final Report, 1 Jul. 1992 - 30 Jun. 1999Rothschild, Kenneth J.; Jul. 30, 2001; 18p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAL03-92-G-0172Report No.(s): AD-A393588; ARO-30373.18-LS-JRI; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Biomembranes are involved in some of the most basic cellular processes. These include ion transport, energy transduction,nerve transmission, sensory detection and cellular communication. The design of a new class of materials based on biomembranecomponents holds promise in diverse areas including optical recording media, chemical sensors, nanometer lithography, energytransducers and enzyme catalysis. However, future progress in these areas will depend on the development of new methods forelucidating the molecular basis for biomembrane function, self-assembly into higher order structures and modifying membranecomponents for biomaterial applications. In this project, we proposed to address these problems by developing powerful newmethods based on molecular genetics and advanced biophysical techniques which have the capability to modify and characterizebiomembranes on a molecular level. Key among these techniques will be site directed non-native amino acid replacement(SNAAR) along with the related technique of site directed isotope labeling (SDIL). These approaches when combined with FTIRspectroscopy will provide a powerful method for determining the role of individual amino acid residues in the functioning of aprotein and in self-assembly as well as providing a new dimension in protein engineering, enabling the replacement of nativeamino acid residues with custom designed residues.DTICBiophysics; Bioengineering; Membranes; Genetics; Synthesis (Chemistry)

20010104663 Oxford Univ., Oxford UKATLAS: Adjuvant Tamoxifen Longer Against Shorter Final Report, 1 Oct. 1994-29 Feb. 2000Peto, Richard; Mar. 2000; 19p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-94-J-4422Report No.(s): AD-A391788; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

ATLAS an international trial designed to assess the optimal duration of adjuvant tamoxifen - received its original fundingby the U.S. Army in 1995. Following the approval of the final report, a further year’s funding was awarded. The current reportcovers the work done with the additional funding. ATLAS remains on course to achieve its overall objectives. More than 400hospitals have ethics approval, and more than 300 centers are randomizing women into the trial. With the implementation of theATLAS Patient Identification and Registration Project, ATLAS has systematically identified more than 7000 women who arecurrently on tamoxifen and who are eligible for entry either now or at some time in the future to ATLAS - the registration targetis 30,000, which will be reached during the next 2-3 years. At 06/2000, more than 6000 women have been randomized - ATLASshould reach its accrual target in 2005. Follow-up will continue at least until 2010, when the main results of the trial will bereported. The ATLAS Oestrogen Receptor Detection Project is now being implemented to ensure that the ER status of allrandomized women in ATLAS is ascertained. The independent Data Monitoring Committee for ATLAS convened in June 1999,when it endorsed the continuing importance of ATLAS and confirmed that the trial was progressing satisfactorily. For ATLASto achieve its main objectives, additional funding is required and is requested as part of this report.DTICClinical Medicine; Chemotherapy; Cancer; Mammary Glands

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20010104671 Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC USA2001 Telemedicine Report to CongressJan. 2001; 110p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393625; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The Healthcare Research and Quality Act of 1999, Section 6, requires the Secretary of Health and Human Services (DHHS)to submit a Report to Congress on Telemedicine by 2001. Congress requested that the Report describe barriers to telemedicine,determine the extent of patient and physician satisfaction with this mode of health delivery and assess patient benefits fromtelemedicine services. What exactly is meant by telemedicine and telehealth? In the Department of Commerce’s 1997 Report toCongress, ”telemedicine” referred to ”the use of electronic communication and information technologies to provide or supportclinical care at a distance.” Telehealth is a broader concept. For the purposes of this Report, telehealth is defined as the use ofelectronic information and telecommunications technologies to support long-distance clinical health care, patient andprofessional health-related education, public health and health administration.DTICHealth; Clinical Medicine; Public Health; Telemedicine; Congressional Reports

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20010100498 Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI USAInfluence of Bone Remodeling Inhibition on the Development of Experimental Stress Fractures Annual Report, 1 Sep.1999-31 Aug. 2000Boyd, Robert D., Henry Ford Health System, USA; Schaffler, Mitchell B., Henry Ford Health System, USA; September 2000;9p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8515Report No.(s): AD-A389071; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Stress fractures result from repetitive loading and have been regarded as a mechanical fatigue-driven process. However,histopathological data and experimental data from our laboratory suggests that increased remodeling precedes the occurrence ofbone microdamage and stress fractures, suggesting a central role for increased intracortical remodeling in the pathogenesis ofstress fractures. Thus, we propose that stress fracture occurs through a positive feedback mechanism, in which increasedmechanical usage stimulates focal bone turnover, resulting in a locally increased in porosity. Microdamage accumulation andstress fractures result from continued cyclic loading of this transiently osteopenic bone. The proposed experiments test thehypothesis by pharmacologically inhibiting the bone remodeling response, the subsequent accumulation of microdamage and theseverity of the stress fracture can be diminished. In the proposed experiments, this hypothesis is being tested experimentally inthe rabbit tibial stress fracture model, which was developed in our laboratory. to test the hypothesis that reactive remodeling withinthe cortex drives the development of stress fractures, the effect of remodeling suppression using a bisphosphonate on theaccumulation of bone microdamage and diminishing the severity of stress fracture will be examined. Outcomes of theseexperiments will be assessed using bone scintigraphy, histomorphometry and biomechanical approaches.DTICMedical Science; Bone Demineralization; Bones; Cyclic Loads; Fractures (Materials); Histology; Pathogenesis; Human Body;Fatigue (Materials)

20010101122 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Combatant Protection and Nutrition Branch, Fishermans Bend,AustraliaPepsin Digestion of Antibodies to Produce Functional Antigen-Binding Fragments (Fab): A Scientific Fantasy?Gauci, Penelope J., Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; Alderton, Malcolm R., Defence Science andTechnology Organisation, Australia; July 2001; 28p; In English; Original contains color illustrationsReport No.(s): DSTO-TR-1189; DODA-AR-011-961; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

A pepsin antibody fragmentation procedure was trialed and optimised. The procedure used was a modified version of thatdescribed in Current Protocols in Immunology. Pilot digestions using a range of pepsin concentrations and incubation times werecompleted at pH 4.0 and pH 4.5. The digestion products were examined by Phastgel electrophoresis, and the combination of pepsin

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concentration, incubation time and pH that provided the most efficient digestion of the antibody into dimeric antigen-bindingfragments (F(ab’)2) was then used in the large-scale digestion of the antibody. Monomeric antigen binding fragments (Fab) wereobtained through reduction of F(ab’)2 using 2-mercaptoethanol. In this study Fab from a mouse polyclonal anti-ricin antibodyand a sheep polyclonal anti-Bacillus anthracis antibody generated with the optimised procedure were comparable to the wholemolecule when used as the capture antibody in an ELISA. Nevertheless, it was noted that, in spite of meticulous optimisation ofthe digestion process it can be fraught with problems.AuthorAntibodies; Digesting; Pepsin; Fragments; Immunology; Antigens

20010103238 JAYCOR, San Diego, CA USAA Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle - Use of Animal Test Data in the Developmentof a Human Auditory Hazard Criterion for Impulse Noise (Part 2) Final Report, Part 2Hamernik, Roger P.; Patterson, James H., Jr.; Ahroon, William A.; Stuhmiller, James H.; Aug. 1998; 202p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-C-6007Report No.(s): AD-A392410; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

A health hazard assessment for blast overpressure exposures is presented.DTICHealth; Exposure; Overpressure; Hazards

20010103249 Armstrong Lab., Crew Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAAssessment of Neck Muscle Biodynamics During Impact Final Report, Jul. 1990-Aug. 1993Getschow, Karen R.; Perry, Chris E.; Bonetti, Dena M.; Taylor, Christopher L.; Aug. 1993; 31p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-ILIRReport No.(s): AD-A391701; AL/CF-SR-1995-0016; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

An experimental effort was conducted to assess the neck muscle’s biodynamic characteristics using electromyographic(EMG) data collected during a human impact study. EMG data were collected from specific neck muscles of volunteer humansubjects before, during, and after the subject was exposed to a vertical impact. Data analysis consisted of the Integrated ThresholdDetector method, and then using the integrated EMG to determine muscle recruitment patterns and frequency distributions. Theonly definite conclusion that can be made from the results of this study is that EMG data can be collected during a simulated aircraftejection. Interpretation of these data is not fully understood; however, some trends were observed. The higher the accelerationlevel of the test, the higher the magnitude of the EMG rectified mean value. The linear fit of the pre-impact voluntary isometriccontractions is quite good in most cases. There appears to be a greater range in the EMG rectified mean values for the trapesiusmuscles during the backward voluntary contractions and similarly for the sternocleidomastoid muscles during the forwardvoluntary contractions. Additional EMG research is required.DTICBiodynamics; Muscles; Neck (Anatomy)

20010103543 Army Research Inst. of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA USAEffect of Cysteninyl Leukotriene Blockade on the Development of Acute Mountain SicknessMuza, Stephen R.; Kaminsky, David; Fulco, Charles S.; Sonna, Larry A.; Banderet, Louis E.; May 2001; 34p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391503; TR-T-01/12; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS) may be a manifestation of hypoxia-induced cerebral edema resulting, in part, fromincreased capillary permeability. Leukotrienes (LTB4, LTC4) may be involved in the pathogenesis of AMS, as these compoundsare known to increase endothelial permeability. to test the hypothesis that cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4) are involved in thedevelopment of AMS, we orally administered a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor blocker (montelukast) prior to and during exposureto high altitude (4300 m) in a hypobaric chamber. We assessed whether blocking cysteinyl leukotriene receptors decreases theprevalence and/or severity of AMS and associated physiological and cognitive responses. Eleven lowlanders (9 men, 2 women)were exposed twice, 2 weeks apart to 4300 m for 24 hours. Each subject received 10 mg montelukast 25 and 1 h prior to ascent.AMS symptoms were assessed using the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) and the Lake Louise AMS ScoringSystem (LL) after 11 and 22 h altitude exposure. Urinary LTE4 (uLTE4) was assayed as an integrated measure 0 cysteinylleukotriene production. After 11 h exposure, AMS prevalence and symptom severity by LL was lower (pis less than 0.05) duringmontelukast administration compared to placebo during the first 12 h, but not different after 22 h exposure. The LL identified moresubjects with AMS than the ESQ, but the scores between the two assessments were highly correlated (r=0.78 to 0.98). UrinaryLTE4 was not significant elevated after 24 h exposure, nor did uLTE4 levels correlate with AMS severity. However, uLTE4 tended

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to be higher (p”’0.06) during montelukast treatment compared to placebo. Compared to placebo, montelukast administration wasnot associated with any significant differences in resting SaO2, PETO2, PETCO2, 24h urine volume, TBhW or changes incognitive performance at sea level or high altitude. However, cognitive performance did recover after only 12 hours of altitudeexposure.DTICAltitude Sickness; Cysteine; Leukocytes; Physiological Effects; Human Performance

20010104659 Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International, New York, NY USAWorkshop on Implementation of Screening and Eye Examinations for Diabetic Retinopathy Proceedings Report FinalReport, 1 Sep. 2000 - 31 Aug. 2001Goldstein, Robert A.; Aug. 2001; 45p; In English, 27-28 Feb. 2001, Bethesda, MD, USA; Sponsored by Agency for HealthcareResearch and Quality, USA; Meeting sponsored in part by American Diabetes Association, National Eye Inst., and National Inst.on Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney DiseasesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-00-1-0705Report No.(s): AD-A392401; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults today. Fortunately, 90% of this vision loss ispreventable with early screening and treatment. Because the number of people with diabetes is expected to double in the next 30years, it is vital that effective strategies are implemented now to improve retinopathy screening rates. In an effort to confront thisproblem head on and address the challenges of promoting screening from a health services research perspective, the JuvenileDiabetes Foundation lntemationa% along with the National Eye Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive andKidney Diseases, and other sponsoring agendes%onvened the Implementation of Screening and Eye Exams for DiabeticRetinopathy Workshop on February 27 and 28, 2001, at the campus of the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland.The complete workshop agenda is included in Appendix A of the Proceedings Report. Approximately sixty people attended theworkshop, representing patient groups, professional organizations, government agencies, insurers, health care plans, and publicpolicy makers as well as researchers. A complete list of workshop participants is included in Appendix B of the ProceedingsReport.DTICDigestive System; Eye Examinations; Eye (Anatomy); Conferences; Blindness

53BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

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20010103208 Oklahoma State Univ., Aviation Education Dept., Tulsa, OK USALearning Styles of Pilots Currently Qualified in USA Air Force AircraftKanske, Craig A., Oklahoma State Univ., USA; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6,No. 2, pp. 33-46; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Kolb’s Learning Style Inventory was used to identify the predominant learning styles of pilots currently qualified in USAAir Force aircraft. The results indicate that these pilots show a significant preference for facts and things over people and feelings.by understanding the preferred learning styles of the target population, course material can be developed that take advantage ofthe strengths of these learning styles. This information can be especially useful in the future design of cockpit resourcemanagement training. The training program can be developed to demonstrate both that there are different learning styles and thatit is possible to take advantage of the relative strengths of each of these learning styles.AuthorPilot Training; Learning Theory; Inventories

20010103234 Hong Kong Inst. of Education, Tai Po, Hong KongQuality Training and Learning in Aviation: Problems of AlignmentMoore, Phillip J., Hong Kong Inst. of Education, Hong Kong; Lehrer, Henry R., Nebraska Univ., USA; Telfer, Ross A., NewcastleUniv., Australia; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 1, pp. 3-14; In English;Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

The challenge of producing training programs that lead to quality learning outcomes is ever present in aviation, especiallywhen economic and regulatory pressures are brought into the equation. Previous research by Telfer & Moore (1997) indicates the

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importance of appropriate alignment of beliefs about learning across all levels of an organization from the managerial level,through the instructor/check and training level, to the pilots and other crew. This paper argues for a central focus on approachesto learning and training that encourage understanding, problem solving and application. Recent research in the area is emphasizedas are methods and techniques for enhancing deeper learning.AuthorAeronautics; Education; Flight Training

20010103632 Tuskegee Inst., Dept. of Aerospace Science Engineering, AL USAEffects of Above Real Time Training (ARTT) On Individual Skills and Contributions to Crew/Team Performance FinalReport, 17 May 1999 - 30 May 2001Ali, Syed Firasat, Tuskegee Inst., USA; Khan, M. Javed, Tuskegee Inst., USA; Rossi, Marcia J., Tuskegee Inst., USA; Crane,Peter, Air Force Research Lab., USA; Guckenberger, Dutch, SDS International, Inc., USA; Bageon, Kellye, Tuskegee Inst., USA;August 2001; 31p; In English; Diskette: 1 3.5-Inch DSHD Diskette containing full text document in pdf formatReport No.(s): NONP-NASA-DK-2001164492; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Above Real Time Training (ARTT) is the training acquired on a real time simulator when it is modified to present events ata faster pace than normal. The experiments on training of pilots performed by NASA engineers and others have indicated thatreal time training (RTT) reinforced with ARTT would offer an effective training strategy for such tasks which require significanteffort at time and workload management. A study was conducted to find how ARTT and RTT complement each other for trainingof novice pilot-navigator teams to fly on a required route. In the experiment, each of the participating pilot-navigator teams wasrequired to conduct simulator flights on a prescribed two-legged ground track while maintaining required air speed and altitude.At any instant in a flight, the distance between the actual spatial point location of the airplane and the required spatial point wasused as a measure of deviation from the required route. A smaller deviation represented better performance. Over a segment offlight or over complete flight, an average value of the deviation represented consolidated performance. The deviations werecomputed from the information on latitude, longitude, and altitude. In the combined ARTT and RTT program, ARTT atintermediate training intervals was beneficial in improving the real time performance of the trainees. It was observed that the teaminteraction between pilot and navigator resulted in maintaining high motivation and active participation throughout the trainingprogram.AuthorHuman Performance; Navigators; Real Time Operation; Training Simulators; Pilots (Personnel); Rates (Per Time)

54MAN/SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY AND LIFE SUPPORT

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20010099948 RAND Corp., Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USASuper Bowl Surveillance: Facing Up to BiometricsWoodward, John D., Jr, RAND Corp., USA; May 2001; 16p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391898; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Biometric facial recognition can provide significant benefits to society. At the same time, the rapid growth and improvementin the technology could threaten individual privacy rights. The concern with balancing the privacy of the citizen against thegovernment interest occurs with almost all law enforcement techniques, however, and we should not let the fear of potential butinchoate threats to privacy, such as super surveillance, deter us from using facial recognition where it can produce positivebenefits. Biometric facial recognition is by no means a perfect technology, and much technical work has to be done before itbecomes a truly viable tool to counter terrorism and crime. But the technology is getting better and there is no denying itstremendous potential. In the meantime, we, as a society, have time to decide how we want to use this new technology. byimplementing reasonable safeguards, we can harness Its power to maximize its benefits while minimizing the intrusion onindividual privacy.DTICRecognition; Biometrics; Balancing; Crime

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20010103556 Department of Defense, Office of the Inspector General, Arlington, VA USAFunding and Logistics for the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing SystemMay 31, 2001; 29p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391237; IG/DOD-D-2001-132; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report is the second of two audit reports addressing the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System. The system consists ofa helmet-mounted display unit and aircraft interface components that will enhance aircraft fighter pilots ability to engage anddestroy airborne targets. The Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System is one element of a larger system-of-systemshigh-off-boresight capability that will provide a first look, first shot advantage to the U.S. warfighter. The capability allows thepilots to engage, lock, and launch weapons at a target wherever the pilot is looking, beyond the radar s field of view, but withinthe constraints of the missile limits. The capability works with the Navy and Air Force AIM-9X missile. The AIM-9X missileis currently in development with an estimated completion date of May 2003. If the missile is not deployed at the same time as thehelmet, there will still be added capability because the helmet visor displays data such as airspeed, altitude, target range, weapons,sensors, and navigation. The Air Force plans to employ the Joint Helmet Mounted Cueing System as upgrades on the F-15 C/Dand F-16 C/D blocks 40 and 50 aircraft, and insert the helmet into the production line for the F-22. The Navy plans to incorporatethe helmet in the F/A-18 E/F production line and as a planned upgrade to the F/A-18 C/D model. The Joint Helmet MountedCueing System is a joint Air Force and Navy acquisition category III program under the milestone decision authority of the AirForce Program Executive Officer for Fighters and Bombers. The helmet is in the engineering, manufacturing, and developmentphase of the acquisition cycle and is scheduled for a Milestone III full-rate production decision in April 2002. As of December31, 2000, the estimated total research, development, test, and evaluation and production costs were approximately $672 million.DTICHelmet Mounted Displays; Logistics; Cues; Manufacturing; Product Development

20010104069 Battelle Memorial Inst., Columbus, OH USAEvaluation of the Effect of Particle Size and Particle Sensing Instruments on the Measurement of Mask Protection FactorsFinal Report, Jun. 1995 - Aug. 1997Hofacre, Kent C.; Richardson, Aaron W.; Jun. 2001; 112p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): SPO900-94-D-0002Report No.(s): AD-A393492; ECBC-CR-050; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The current method used by the U.S. military to assess mask performance uses a polydisperse corn oil aerosol of 0.4 to 0.6micron mass median aerodynamic diameter as a simulant challenge atmosphere. Data are presently lacking regarding the effectof particle size and aerosol sensing instruments on the measured protection factor (PF). Data are also lacking regarding thecorrelation of PFs measured using an insert aerosol challenge, such as the corn oil, with PFs measured using either a biologicalaerosol or vapor challenge. The objectives of this task were (1) to evaluate the effect of aerosol detection instruments and aerosolsize on measured protection factor, (2) to assess whether inert aerosols are suitable for predicting respirator performance againstsurrogate biological aerosols, and (3) to assess whether an inert aerosol is a good indicator of respirator performance that ischallenged with a vapor. The foremost finding in this study is that the corn oil/photometer test method is a good indicator of PFsthat would be experienced by masks challenged with either similar sized aerosols or inert vapors. In addition, use of the cornoil/photometer method used to measure PFs is a conservative estimator of PFs that would be measured against a bioaerosolchallenge with a particle size greater than 1 micron.DTICMasks; Detection; Aerosols; Particle Size Distribution

59MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER SCIENCES (GENERAL)

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20010102850 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USAImproving Simulated Annealing by Recasting it as a Non-Cooperative GameWolpert, David, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Bandari, Esfandiar, Research Inst. for Advanced Computer Science, USA;Tumer, Kagan, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; September 2001; 16p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): RTOP 755-07-00Report No.(s): NASA/TM-2001-210929; NAS 1.15:210929; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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The game-theoretic field of COllective INtelligence (COIN) concerns the design of computer-based players engaged in anon-cooperative game so that as those players pursue their self-interests, a pre-specified global goal for the collectivecomputational system is achieved ”as a side-effect”. Previous implementations of COIN algorithms have outperformedconventional techniques by up to several orders of magnitude, on domains ranging from telecommunications control tooptimization in congestion problems. Recent mathematical developments have revealed that these previously developedgame-theory-motivated algorithms were based on only two of the three factors determining performance. Consideration of onlythe third factor would instead lead to conventional optimization techniques like simulated annealing that have little to do withnon-cooperative games. In this paper we present an algorithm based on all three terms at once. This algorithm can be viewed asa way to modify simulated annealing by recasting it as a non-cooperative game, with each variable replaced by a player. Thisrecasting allows us to leverage the intelligent behavior of the individual players to substantially improve the exploration step ofthe simulated annealing. Experiments are presented demonstrating that this recasting improves simulated annealing by severalorders of magnitude for spin glass relaxation and bin-packing.AuthorComputer Techniques; Simulated Annealing; Intelligence; Game Theory

20010104351 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam NetherlandsAdaptive Sparse-Grid Combination-Solutions for a Singular Perturbation ProblemNoordmans, J.; Jun. 1999; 24pReport No.(s): PB2001-108635; MAS-R9916; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche

In this paper we show how, under minimal conditions, a combination extrapolation can be introduced for an adaptive sparsegrid. We apply this technique for the solution of a two-dimensional model singular perturbation problem, defined on the domainexterior of a circle.NTISComputational Grids; Perturbation; Combinations (Mathematics); Problem Solving

60COMPUTER OPERATIONS AND HARDWARE

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20010099438 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Joint Systems Branch, Salisbury, AustraliaA Review of Architecture Tools for the Australian Defence ForcePrekop, Paul, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; Kingston, Gina, Defence Science and TechnologyOrganisation, Australia; Chin, Moira, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; McCarthy, Anna, DefenceScience and Technology Organisation, Australia; June 2001; 80p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DSTO-TR-1139; DODA-AR-011-848; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

Complex defense architecture development efforts require the support of sophisticated enterprise architecture tools. Thisreport identifies over 20 different enterprise architecture tools, and reviews four representative tools in detail. Several alternativeapproaches are described, including the current CAT (computer aided training) development effort.AuthorDefense Program; Architecture (Computers); Computer Techniques

20010099691 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Software Engineering Inst., Pittsburgh, PA USAQuality Attribute Design Primitives Final ReportBass, Len; Klein, Mark; Bachmann, Felix; Dec. 2000; 45p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): Proj-F19628-00-C-0003Report No.(s): AD-A392284; CMU/SEI-2000-TN-017; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report focuses on the quality attribute aspects of mechanisms. An architectural mechanism is a ’structure whereby objectscollaborate to provide some behavior that satisfies a requirement of the problem’. The authors identity mechanisms thatsignificantly affect quality attribute behavior and have sufficient content for analysis. Codifying such mechanisms will enablearchitects to identify the choices necessary to achieve quality attribute goals.DTICComputer Programs; Architecture (Computers)

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20010100129 Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD USADevelopment of a Semi-Empirical Model for SEUs in Modern DRAMsSarlese, Justin A.; May 08, 2000; 68p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392405; USNA-277(2000); No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Studies have found that the passage of a charged particle through a dynamic random access memory (DRAM) can cause abit flip (1 to 0 or 0 to 1), also referred to as a single event upset (SEU). This is more noticeable in newer, denser computer systemswhich contain much more DRAM memory and, as a result, are more sensitive to radiation. SEUs are also more common at higheraltitudes, where the neutron and proton fluxes were found to be as much as several hundred times greater than at sea level. Forthis reason, IBM, Boeing, the Department of Defense, and other government and commercial organizations have performednumerous studies on the phenomenon aimed at reducing the SEU effect in aircraft, missiles, and satellites which use DRAMs.Many of the previous models developed to characterize the SEU are not applicable to modern high-density chips. This projecthas developed a new and improved model which applied to the higher density chips and is based on particle energy, particle flux,and SEU cross-section data taken from a wide range of experiments. This study also identifies the nuclear reactions, chipcharacteristics, and particle environments which affect a DRAM’s SEU rate. From this model, the soft error rates (SERs) ofvarious commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) DRAMs were calculated at various altitudes, latitudes, and longitudes. These rates wereused to identify which DRAMs were the most and least sensitive to radiation. Those DRAMs with lowest expected SEU rates willbe more reliable in aircraft systems while those with the highest expected SEU rates can potentially be used in the developmentof a smaller lightweight neutron detection system.DTICRandom Access Memory; Data Storage; Commercial Off-The-Shelf Products; Single Event Upsets; Charged Particles

20010101162 Department of Defense, Office of the Inspector General, Arlington, VA USASurvey of Acquisition Manager Experience Using the DOD Joint Technical Architecture in the Acquisition ProcessAug. 22, 2001; 73p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393529; IG/DOD-D-2001-176; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report is the third and final in a series of reports and discusses the use of an open systems approach in the acquisitionprocess for weapon systems. The first report discusses the extent that acquisition program managers considered and used an opensystems approach in the design and development of major defense weapon systems. The second report discusses the extent thatDoD planned and implemented DoD Component use of the Joint Technical Architecture (JTA) to help achieve weapon systemsinteroperability requirements and to support affordability and an open systems approach to weapon system design. This reportsummarizes the results of Component Acquisition Executive, Program Executive Officer, and program manager responses tosurvey questionnaires regarding use of JTA in the acquisition process. The open systems approach and JTA are closely linked.In the open systems approach, acquisition program managers and contractors choose commercially supported specifications andstandards for system interfaces. JTA specifies a set of primarily commercial specifications and standards that cover informationprocessing, information transfer, content, format, security, and commonality. In August 1996, the Office of the Secretary ofDefense mandated that acquisition program managers use JTA for all command, control, communication, and intelligencesystems. During November 1998, the Office of the Secretary of Defense broadened the JTA requirement to include all emergingcapabilities or changes to an existing capability that produces, uses, or exchanges information electronically; crosses a functionalor DoD Component boundary; or gives the warfighter or DoD decisionmaker an operational capability.DTICAcquisition; Command and Control; Data Processing; Information Transfer; Architecture (Computers)

20010103263 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAAnalysis of Intel IA-64 Processor Support for a Secure Virtual Machine MonitorKaradeniz, Kadir; Mar. 2001; 114p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391770; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This thesis explores the Intel IA-64 architecture’s capability to support a secure virtual machine monitor. The major missionof a virtual machine monitor is to provide an execution environment identical to the real machine environment for virtualmachines. A VMM duplicates the real resources of a processor for virtual machines while making a virtual machine think thatit is running on a real machine. As a result, a virtual machine monitor allows multiple virtual machines to run concurrently on thesame machine. A secure VMM on the Intel IA-64 architecture would offer several benefits. A secure VMM would ensure thatsecurity policy is enforced by constraining information flow between the supported virtual machines. This would provide PC userswith a more secure environment in which to run COTS operating systems. The Intel IA-64 architecture was analyzed to determine

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if it is virtualizable. Three types of virtual machine monitors and their hardware requirements have been defined. The IA-64architecture was mapped to these hardware requirements. Analysis showed that the IA-64 architecture meets three main hardwarerequirements. However, IA-64 instruction set contains 18 sensitive unprivileged instructions. These instructions prevent theIA-64 architecture from being used for a Type I VMM. Several virtualization techniques used in some architectures are discussedto determine if these techniques could be applicable to virtualization of the IA-64 architecture.DTICMicroprocessors; Architecture (Computers)

61COMPUTER PROGRAMMING AND SOFTWARE

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20010099205 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAA Semantic Interface to Scenario Component Reuse in DOD Simulation SystemsBreighner, Larence A.; Mar. 20, 2001; 166p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391941; AFIT/GCS/ENG/01M-01; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The Department of Defense utilizes various simulation systems to model employment of forces and weapons systems inoperational environments. The data files that model these environments and weapons systems are extremely large and complex,and require many person-hours to develop. Compounding the problem, these data files are distributed across multiple systemsin a heterogeneous environment. Currently, there is no automated means of identifying and retrieving reusable portions of thesefiles for reuse in a new scenario under development. This work develops a multi-agent system that catalogs the files, and providesthe user with a means of identifying and retrieving reusable components. Additionally, since the format of the source files variesfrom simulator to simulator, process for performing scenario component transformation is developed and implemented.DTICComputerized Simulation; Semantics; Information Retrieval; Interfaces

20010099210 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Weapons Systems Div., Fishermans Bend, AustraliaValidation of the SensorVision Thermal Emission ModelDuong, Ninh; Wegener, Michael; Apr. 2001; 82p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392281; DSTO-RR-0212; DODA-AR-011-866; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

The Systems Simulation Centre of the DSTO is currently considering the implementation of a commercial-off-the-shelfsoftware package called SensorVision to fulfil the scene generation function of an infrared hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system.Before the software can be used for the intended application, there is a need to verify and validate the SensorVision models toensure that the generated scenes are sufficiently realistic for HIL simulation purposes. This report discloses the results andconclusions of a validation effort focused on the SensorVision thermal emission model, which includes both the surfacetemperature prediction of objects and the thermal radiance calculations. It is shown that the thermal emission model employedby SensorVision has errors that can affect the level of realism associated with the generated infrared images. Unrealistic scenescan cause spurious HIL simulation results, since these infrared images are used as the primary stimuli for the system being tested.A procedure for providing confidence in HIL simulation results is recommended, involving general guidelines for simulationconstruction and post-processing operations to provide users with image error indications.DTICComputerized Simulation; Scene Generation; Infrared Imagery; Systems Simulation

20010099213 California Univ., Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Santa Barbara, CA USAThe Eternal System Final Report, Jan. 1997 - Sep. 2000Moser, L. E.; Melliar-Smith, P. M.; Jun. 2001; 45p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-97-1-0284; DARPA Order F161; AF Proj. F161Report No.(s): AD-A393023; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2001-116; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

UCSB received a 3 year grant in October 1997, to explore how distributed object applications can perform live upgrades andbe made fault-tolerant by replicating their constituent objects, and distributing these replicas across different computers in thenetwork. The technology of Eternal was submitted in response to the October 1998 Object Management Group’s Request for

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Proposals on Fault-Tolerant CORBA. A significant body of work exists in the area of fault-tolerant distributed object systems;much of this work uses object replication to provide fault tolerance. This project was different in that it focused on the degree oftransparency to the CORBA application, the degree of modification to the CORBA ORB, the specific mechanisms for achievingreplica consistency, and the level of replica consistency provided. Previous efforts to enhance CORBA with fault toleranceattempted to embed fault tolerance mechanisms within the ORB itself. The novel interception approach, developed with this work,allows the transparent insertion of fault tolerance mechanisms underneath the ORB. The interception approach involves’capturing’ specific system calls or library routines used by the application, and modifying their call parameter or return values,or even the calls and routines themselves, to alter the behavior of the application. the advantages to this approach are that neitherthe ORB nor the objects are ever aware of being ’intercepted’ and thus, the new functionality is provided to the application in amanner that is transparent both to the application and to the ORB.DTICSoftware Engineering; Fault Tolerance; Error Detection Codes; Computer Networks

20010099216 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Software Engineering Inst., Pittsburgh, PA USAAchieving Usability Through Software ArchitectureBass, Len, Carnegie-Mellon Univ., USA; John, Bonnie E., Carnegie-Mellon Univ., USA; Kates, Jesse, Carnegie-Mellon Univ.,USA; March 2001; 102p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003Report No.(s): AD-A393059; CMU/SEI-2001-TR-005; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Microfiche; A06, Hardcopy

In this report, we present an approach to improving the usability of software systems by means of software architecturaldecisions. We identify specific connections between aspects of usability, such as the ability to ”undo,” and software architecture.We also formulate each aspect of usability as a scenario with a characteristic stimulus and response. For every scenario, we providean architecture pattern that implements its aspect of usability. We then organize the usability scenarios by category. One categorypresents the benefits of these aspects of usability to users or their organizations. A second category presents the architecturemechanisms that directly relate to the aspects of usability. Finally, we present a matrix that correlates these two categories withthe general scenarios that apply to them.DTICSoftware Engineering; User Requirements; Computer Programs

20010099575 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Software Engineering Inst., Pittsburgh, PA USAMaintaining Transactional Context: A Model Problem Final ReportPlakosh, Daniel; Comella-Dorda, Santiago; Lewis, Grace Alexandra; Place, Patrick R.H.; Seacord, Robert C.; Aug. 2001; 47p;In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003Report No.(s): AD-A393721; CMU/SEI-2001-TR-012; ESC-TR-2001-012; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

Due to their size and complexity, modernizing enterprise systems often requires that new functionality be developed anddeployed incrementally. As modernized functionality is deployed incrementally, transactions that were processed entirely in thelegacy system may now be distributed across both legacy and modernized components. In this report, we investigate theconstruction of adapters for a modernization effort that can maintain a transactional context between legacy and modernizedcomponents. One technique that is particularly useful in technology and product evaluations is the use of model problem: focusedexperimental prototypes that reveal technology/product capabilities, benefits, and limitations in well-bounded ways. This reportdescribes a model problem used to verify that such a mechanism exists and could be used to support the modernization of a legacysystem. In this report, we describe a model problem constructed to verify the feasibility of building this mechanism. We alsodiscuss the results of our investigation including the problems we encountered during the construction of the model problem andworkarounds that were discovered.DTICSoftware Engineering; Information Transfer; Revisions; Information Resources Management

20010099578 State Univ. of New York, Dept. of Computer Science, Stony Brook, NY USAHeuristic Approaches to Optimization with Applications Progress ReportSkiena, Steven S.; Aug. 30, 2001; 4p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N0014-97-1-0589Report No.(s): AD-A393731; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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This progress report covers the twelve months of funding on this grant since my previous progress report. This grant coverstwo distinct lines of work: (1) the development of algorithms and implementations of heuristic search with applications; and (2)theoretical research on combinatorial algorithms and optimization. As detailed below, substantial progress has been made in bothareas since my last progress report. This grant is currently supporting two PhD students starting September 1, meeting thescheduled expenditure for this fiscal year. Our work continues to prove interesting to a large number of Navy personnel, asdocumented by WWW (world wide web) hits. Since March 2001, our pages have received over 6,700 ’.mil’ hits, with navy.milbeing the largest identifiable component.DTICAlgorithms; Heuristic Methods; Computer Programming

20010099582 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAExtensible Markup Language (XML) Based Analysis and Comparison of Heterogeneous DatabasesHalle, Robert F.; Jun. 2001; 152p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393736; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This thesis describes an Extensible Markup Language (XML) based analysis and comparison method that could be used toidentity equivalent components of heterogeneous databases. In the Department of Defense (DoD) there currently exist multipledatabases required to support command and control of some portion of the battlefield force. Interoperability between forces willbecome crucial as the force structure continues to be reduced. This interoperability will be facilitated through the integration ofthese command and control databases into a singular joint database or by developing inter-communication schema to supportinter-database communications. The first step in either of these alternatives is the identification of equivalent components amongthe multiple databases. This thesis describes how XML can be used to facilitate the process of analyzing and comparing multipledatabases. Each step of the process is described in detail accompanied by explanations of the XML tools/resources required toexecute the step and rationale of why the step is necessary. Detailed graphics and examples are employed to simplify and justifythe step by step explanations. The JavaScript code developed as part of the research to execute the XML based analysis is included.This thesis concludes with discussions of the overall value of this XML based analysis and comparison process and of potentialfuture work that could be pursued to further exploit this XML analysis and comparison method.DTICSystems Analysis; Document Markup Languages; Interoperability; High Level Languages; Relational Data Bases

20010099945 Naval Postgraduate School, Dept. of Operations Research, Monterey, CA USAA Nontangential Cutting Plane AlgorithmLawphongpanich, Siriphong; Jun. 2001; 17p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392399; NPS-OR-01-008; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The cutting plane algorithm typically generates cuts that are tangential, or nearly so, to the Lagrangian dual function of theunderlying optimization problem. This paper demonstrates that the algorithm still converges to an optimal solution when cuts arenontangential. These cuts are generated by not solving the subproblems to optimality or nearly so. Computational results fromrandomly generated linear and quadratic programming problems indicate that nontangential cuts can lead to a more efficientalgorithm.DTICAlgorithms; Nonlinear Programming

20010100107 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Surveillance Systems Div., Salisbury, AustraliaA Unified Joint Probabilistic Data Association with Multiple ModelsDavey, S. J., Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Australia; Colegrove, S. B., Defence Science and TechnologyOrganisation, Australia; July 2001; 50p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DSTO-TR-1184; DODA-AR-011-945; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

This paper presents the theory and examples of performance for a new algorithm that tracks targets using a Multiple ModelUnified joint Probabilistic Data Association (MM-UJPDA) filter. The models in the MM-UJPDA can be set to the ambiguityvelocities encountered when initiating tracks on a sensor that has ambiguous velocities in its measurements. Alternately, themodels can be set for tracking maneuvering targets. Thus each parallel filter in the MM-UJPDAF is assigned one of a range ofpossible target model parameters. The term ’unified’ summarizes a number of key features in the algorithm. These are: multiplenon-uniform clutter regions, a model for a visible target to compute track confidence for track promotion, and measurementselection based on a fixed number of nearest measurements, The filter formulation used a new approach to create track clusters

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for determining the nearby tracks that share measurements. The filters performance is demonstrated with track initiation usingthe multiple model and multiple target approach while for established tracking only the multiple target approach is used.AuthorAlgorithms; Targets; Probability Theory; Tracking (Position)

20010100122 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USASoftware Metrics for Post Deployment Software Support Systems: A Case Analysis for the Chemical AccountabilityManagement Information NetworkGrobstein, Janet E.; Jun. 2001; 167p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393687; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The Clinger-Cohen Act of 1996 requires performance measurement of information technology systems. Measuring theperformance of program management for the Chemical Accountability Management Information Network (CAMIN) systemrequires a thoughtful selection of useful metrics. The CAMIN is a complex Management Information System in the postdeployment software system (PDSS) phase of the system life cycle. This research uses three primary sources for candidate metricsfor a PDSS like CAMIN: 1) typical software metrics from DoD and commercial applications, 2) typical fielded software systemmetrics from DoD and commercial applications, and 3) case analysis of metrics currently used by CAMIN and other DoD systemsin the PDSS phase. Analysis of these candidate metrics creates a concise list of combined metrics that are applicable to fieldedsoftware systems. The current primary issues of CAMIN program management establish the basis for selection of appropriateprogram management metrics from the candidate list. These issues are examined in a process to answer the primary researchquestion, ”What are appropriate metrics and measures for management of the Chemical Accountability Management InformationNetwork?”DTICComputer Programs; Deployment; Management Information Systems; Software Engineering; Complex Systems

20010100242 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAModels for Data Source Tracking with XMLYoruk, Teoman, Air Force Inst. of Tech., USA; March 2001; 155p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391903; AFIT/GCE/ENG/01M-05; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The Air Force Research arch Laboratory, Sensors Directorate Electronic Warfare Simulation Branch (APRL/SNZW) isresponsible for developing and maintaining real-world and hypothetical scenarios for an array of threat engagement simulationsystems. The general for scenario creation involves mapping from real-world databases and operations plans to specific fields inthe input files represent the scenario. As part of the AFRL/SNZW’s overall initiative for the development of a ConcurrentEngineering Real-Time database CORrelation tool (CERCORT), as important to the scenario files themselves is the capabilityto trace hack to the source of data for the scenario fields. Acquiring this capability consequently results in the reusability of theold scenario components. In this research, a nascent markup technology eXtensible Markup Language (XML) and its derivativelanguages are studied as a basis for representing and capturing the source of data for the fields of an old scenario file and exploitingit for the creation and editing of new scenario files.DTICData Bases; Computerized Simulation; Memory (Computers); Threat Evaluation

20010100254 Tufts Univ., Medford, MA USAAn Object Description Language for Distributed Discrete Event SimulationsAndrews, Harold G.; May 24, 2001; 461p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392322; C101-750; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A20, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche

Digital simulation is a useful tool for developing a better understanding of physical or hypothetical systems. It has been usedwith great success since the advent of the digital computer in such varied fields as weather prediction, planning military operations,and training. As digital computers become more capable and network communications systems more prevalent, the notion ofsynergistically combining the two to perform distributed simulation has led to some tremendous improvements in simulationspeed and fidelity. This dissertation describes a new programming language that is useful in creating distributed discrete eventsimulations without burdening simulation developers with the difficult and error-prone task of synchronizing nodes in adistributed simulation. Developers can instead focus on specifying the behavior of the objects in the virtual environment with littleeffort devoted to lower level concerns. The language structure follows the notions of stimulus-response and completely isolates

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simulation object instances from each other. Inter-object communication occurs solely through message passing. Several exampleapplications are described.DTICDigital Simulation; Computerized Simulation; Programming Languages; Virtual Reality

20010100450 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USA3D Visualization of Tactical Communications for Planning and Operations Using Virtual Reality Modeling Language(VRML) and Extensible 3D (X3D)Hunsberger, Michael G.; Jun. 2001; 289p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393819; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A13, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

The military is increasingly reliant on communication networks for day-to-day tasks as well as large-scale military operations.Tactical communications networks are growing progressively more complex as the amount of information required on thebattlefield increases. Communication planners require more advanced tools to perform and manage signal-planning activities.This work examines the use of 3D visualizations to assist in tactical signal planning. These visualizations are developed usingVirtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML), Extensible 3D (X3D) graphics, and Distributed Information Simulation (DIS) fornetwork connectivity. These visualizations and the connectivity provide signal planners the ability to generate 3D scenariosquickly identifying problems such as frequency interference, connectivity problems, and marginal-coverage areas. Networkconnectivity also provides a collaborative planning environment for geographically dispersed units. The NATO Global Hub LandC2 Information Exchange Data Model (LC2IEDM) is a semantic model designed for information passing between systems. Thiswork also examines LC2IEDM for its ability to represent tactical communication plans and facilitate the autogeneration of 3Dscenarios.DTICMilitary Operations; Defense Program; Communication Networks; Information Systems; Computer Programming; VirtualReality

20010100499 Illinois Univ., Broad of Trustees, Chicago, IL USAMethods and Tools to Support Software Engineering Automation Final Report, 6 Sep. 1999-5 Jan. 2001Shatz, Sol M., Illinois Univ., USA; Mar. 15, 2001; 4p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-99-1-0350Report No.(s): AD-A388648; ARO-40172.2-CI; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report summarizes the final progress on an investigation into an engineering-oriented approach for design ofdistributed-object software. The key results of the research are highlighted, including works published and personnel supported.DTICSoftware Engineering; Research and Development; Product Development; Systems Engineering

20010100504 Information Assurance Technology Analysis Center, Falls Church, VA USAFingerprinting Digital Circuits on Programmable HardwareLach, John; Mangione-Smith, William H.; Potkonjak, Miodrag; Sep. 01, 1998; 17p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A389263; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

Advanced computer aided design (CAD) tools and high-density very large scale integration (VLSI) technologies havecombined to create a new market for reusable digital designs. The economic viability of the new core-based design paradigm ispending on the development of techniques for intellectual property protection. A design watermark is a permanent identificationcode that is difficult to detect and remove is an integral part of the design and has only nominal impact on performances and costof design. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) present a particularly interesting set of problems and opportunities becauseof their flexibility. We propose the first technique that leverages the unique characteristics of FPGAs to protect commercialinvestment in intellectual property through fingerprinting. A hidden encrypted message is embedded into the physical layout ofa digital circuit when it is mapped into the FPGA. This message uniquely identifies both the circuit origin and original circuitrecipient yet is difficult to detect and/or remove. While this approach imposes additional constraints on the back-end CAD toolsfor circuit place and route experiments involving a number of industrial-strength designs indicate that the performance impactis minimal.DTICField-Programmable Gate Arrays; Digital Systems; Computer Programming; Circuits

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20010100940 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAMethods for Determining Object Correspondence During System IntegrationPugh, Randolph G.; Jun. 2001; 87p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393634; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Object correlation is a semantic comparison of exported entities from one system to imported entities of another. Currentresearch in search algorithms and artificial intelligence methods for pattern matching can aid integrators in finding these matches.This thesis proposes a two-stage correlation process for resolving various kinds of heterogeneity found in legacy DoD systemsto facilitate interoperability. A prototype built using these methods is explained, results compared to current correlation methods,and recommendations made for further improvements. The end of the Cold War and the Defense Reorganization Act of 1986began a new era of unprecedented cooperation among the U.S. military services and our allies. Increasingly dynamic missionshave required warfighters to share information quickly and seamlessly while a decreasing defense budget has left few resourcesto build the infrastructure needed to implement this information exchange in legacy heterogeneous data systems. One possiblesolution to achieving interoperability of information systems is Young’s Federated Interoperability Model. This model allowssystem designers to advertise the kinds of information they produce and consume and then automatically provides translationservices. Before data and services can be shared, however, integrators must resolve exactly what kinds of data they are providingso that other systems in the network can decide if that data is appropriate for their use. That is the purpose of the proposedcorrelation algorithm.DTICInformation Retrieval; Artificial Intelligence; Systems Integration; Information Systems

20010100944 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAEvaluation of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) as a Means of Establishing Interoperability Between MultipleDepartment of Defense (DoD) DatabasesDavis, Eddie L.; Jun. 2001; 83p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393648; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This thesis evaluates the ability of the Extensible Markup Language (XML) to address the interoperability problem that existsbetween Department Of Defense (DOD) legacy systems. Due to the different Database Management Systems (DBMS) usedwithin DOD, interoperability is a major flaw. The need for communication between the DBMS within DOD is necessary and thisthesis will focus on this problem. This thesis focuses in on the problems that exist, and assesses XML as a means of correctingthese problems. This thesis uses the Joint Common Database (JCDB) as a means of showing XML to be a viable solution.DTICDocument Markup Languages; Data Base Management Systems; Correction

20010101156 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USADynamic Assembly for System Adaptability, Dependability and Assurance (DASADA) Project AnalysisMandak, Wayne S.; Stowell, Charles A., II; Jun. 2001; 105p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393486; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This thesis focuses on an analysis of the dynamic behavior of software designed for future Department of Defense systems.The DoD is aware that as software becomes more complex, it will become extremely critical to have the ability for componentsto change themselves by swapping or modifying components, changing interaction protocols, or changing its topology. TheDefense Advanced Research Programs Agency formed the Dynamic Assembly for Systems Adaptability, Dependability, andAssurance (DASADA) program in order to task academia and industry to develop dynamic gauges that can determine run-timecomposition, allow for the continual monitoring of software for adaptation, and ensure that all user defined properties remainstable before and after composition and deployment. Through the study, a review of all the DASADA technologies were identifiedas well as a thorough analysis of all 19 project demonstrations. This thesis includes a template built using the object-orientedmethodologies of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) that will allow for functional and non-functional decomposition of anyDASADA software technology project. In addition, this thesis includes insightful conclusions and recommendations on thoseDASADA projects that warrant further study and review.DTICSoftware Engineering; Architecture (Computers); Dynamic Characteristics; Measuring Instruments

20010101163 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USALegacy Software Testing - A Current MethodologyGibson, Ralph D.; Chapman, Michael D.; Jan. 2000; 7p; In English; Prepared in collaboration with Science Applications

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International Corp., Lexington Park, MD.Report No.(s): AD-A393530; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

In the simulation world, software upgrade is more common than new development. Thus it is extremely important to ensureproper operation of the simulation model as it is enhanced. The big question is how does one keep the current model operatingcorrectly while adding new capabilities? The Model Development Team at the Air Combat Environment Test and EvaluationFacility, Patuxent River Naval Air Station, Maryland, has developed an approach that is useful in making sure that the currentsimulation model keeps its current capabilities operating correctly as well as testing any new capability that is added. The purposeof this paper is to present the approach used by the Model Development Team to answer the question put forth. This paper discussesthe software development and maintenance criteria used as the overarching guide for testing. The testing process used and howthis process ensures that the model meets the criteria is then given. Specific test examples and expected output are provided asa model testing approach. Finally, the future of development testing for the Model Development Team is presented.DTICSoftware Engineering; Program Verification (Computers); Computer Programming; Software Reliability

20010101181 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USASystem Engineering and Evolution Decision Support Final Report, 1 May 1998-30 Sep 2001Luqi,; Sep. 30, 2001; 135p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393623; NPS-SW-01-003; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The objective of our effort is to develop a scientific basis for system engineering automation and decision support. Thisobjective addresses the long term goals of increasing the quality of service provided complex systems while reducing developmentrisks, costs, and time. Our work focused on decision support for designing operations of complex modular systems that can includeembedded software. Emphasis areas included engineering automation capabilities in the areas of design modifications, designrecords, reuse, and automatic generation of design representations such as real-time schedules and software.DTICSoftware Engineering; Systems Engineering; Decision Support Systems

20010101184 Naval Postgraduate School, Dept. of Computer Science, Monterey, CA USASupporting the Secure Halting of User Sessions and Processes in the Linux Operating SystemBrock, Jerome P.; Jun. 2001; 73p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393629; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

One feature of a multi-level operating system is a requirement to manage multiple, simultaneous user-sessions at differentlevels of security. This session management is performed through a trusted path between the user and operating system. Criticalto this functionality is the operating system’s ability to temporarily halt dormant sessions, thereby ensuring their inability toperform any actions within the system. Only when a session must be reactivated are its processes returned to a runnable state. Thisthesis presents an approach for adding this ”secure halting” functionality to the Linux operating system. A detailed design formodifying the Linux kernel, the core of the operating system, is given. A new module, allowing an entire session to be halted andwoken up, is designed. A new process state, the ”secure halt” state, is added. Additionally, the kernel’s scheduling manager ismodified to properly manage processes in the secure halt state. The research has led to the implementation of the design as a proofof concept. This research is meant to be used in combination with other efforts to enhance the security of the Linux operatingsystem.DTICUNIX (Operating System); Operating Systems (Computers)

20010102587 Army Research Lab., Advanced Computational and Information Sciences Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground,MD USAThe eXtensible Data Model and Format: A High Performance Data Hub for Connecting Parallel Codes and Tools FinalReport, Sep. 2000 - Apr. 2001Clarke, Jerry A.; Namburu, Raju; Jul. 2001; 37p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393153; ARL-TR-2552; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The eXtensible Data Model and Format (XDMF) provides a performance friendly system to integrate high performancecomputing (HPC) codes, analysis tools, and user interfaces into a single end user application. Based on industry standards, XDMFallows codes to exist in a modem computing environment with minimal modification. Instead of imposing a new programmingparadigm on HPC codes, XDMF uses the existing concept of file input/output (I/O) for distributed coordination. XDMF

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incorporates Network Distributed Global Memory (NDGM), Hierarchical Data Format version 5 (HDF5), and eXtensible MarkupLanguage (XML) to provide a flexible yet efficient data exchange mechanism.DTICData Processing; Programming Languages; Reliability Analysis; Document Markup Languages; Distributed Processing

20010102674 University of Southern California, Information Sciences Inst., Marina del Rey, CA USAKnowledge Acquisition for Large Knowledge Bases: Integrating Problem-Solving Methods and Ontologies intoApplications Final Report, Apr. 1997-Sep. 2000Gil, Yolanda, University of Southern California, USA; June 2001; 124p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F30602-97-1-0195; AF Proj. IISTReport No.(s): AD-A393781; AFRL-IF-RS-TR-2001-131; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The HPKB initiative seeks to develop large, reusable libraries of ontologies and problem-solving methods which will easethe construction and maintenance of large knowledge based systems. A critical fact of HPKB is to understand how these ontologiesand problem-solving methods can be brought together to produce applications and to develop tools and techniques that supportthat process.DTICKnowledge Based Systems; Problem Solving; Acquisition

20010102758 Smiths Industries, Inc., Grand Rapids, MI USASoftware Partitioning TechnologiesSkutt, Tim; [2001]; 13p; In English; Proceedings from the 2001 Vehicle Technologies Symposium - Intelligent Systems for theObjective Force, 29-31 May 2001, USA; Sponsored by National Defense Industrial Association, USAReport No.(s): AD-A393808; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

This report contains a software partitioning overview, Smiths Software Partitionary technology and software partitioning inthe Vetronics Domain.DTICSoftware Engineering; Computer Programs; Architecture (Computers)

20010102916 Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis, MN USACommunity Builder: Structuring Agent Architectures to Facilitate Domain Tasks Final Report, 15 Apr. 1998 - 14 Nov. 2000Hayes, Caroline; Nov. 2000; 16p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0371Report No.(s): AD-A393643; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0459; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The results of this work include 1) Community Builder, a design methodology to assist software designers in designing mixedinitiative, multi-agent intelligent decision support systems (DSSs); 2) Development of architectures for multi-agent decisionsupport systems in several task domains and 3) Dyna-plan, a reusable framework describing the generic reasoning cycle used inmost dynamic and uncertain environments. As the complexity of computing needs continually increases, multi-agent systems arebecoming indispensable as approaches for making complex systems modular and manageable. However, designing effectiveorganizations for multi-agent systems is far from simple. Each time an agent-based system is designed to support a new task,designing an effective architectural structure for the system of agents that works effectively for the task is difficult andtime-consuming. The aim of the Community Builder and methodology is to provide software designers with a descriptive designmethodology that will help them to identify the domain specific constraints on the agent architecture, and to organize the agentsaccordingly. The aim of the DynaPlan framework is to capture some of the structure common to many planning under uncertaintydomains so that other developers can re-use some of the knowledge that we have gained in building related domains.DTICDecision Support Systems; Software Engineering; Artificial Intelligence; Complex Systems

20010102918 Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, Soldier Systems Center, Natick, MA USAAutomated Clothing Size Determination for US Coast Guard Recruits Final Report, May 2000 - Apr. 2001Brantley, David; Aug. 19, 2001; 82p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393633; NATICK/TR-01/15; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The Anthropometric Measuring System (AMS) is a mechanical and electronic hardware and software system for obtaininghuman body measurements and determining appropriate clothing sizes based on those measurements. A field evaluation of theAMS was conducted at the Uniform Distribution Center, Coast Guard Training Center, Cape May, New Jersey, from May 2000

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through November 2000. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of the size prediction software, to assess thebasic operation and functionality of the system, and to determine any potential for future use of the AMS by the Coast Guard. Theaccuracy of the AMS for the male initial issue items averaged 71% and is not good enough to recommend implementation withthe current programming. Some improvements can be made with adjustments to the AMS size programming based on this test.The next step in preparing the AMS for operational use in the clothing issue process is to determine what adjustments need to bemade to the sizing programming, and then make those changes in the system. Detailed, standard measurement definitions andprocedure% as well as detailed, standard fit criteria and procedures must also be established and documented. Once that iscomplete, another phase of testing should be done to validate the new programming and standard procedures.DTICHuman Body; Computer Programs; Clothing; Anthropometry; Body Size (Biology)

20010102930 Naval Postgraduate School, Software Engineering Automation Center, Monterey, CA USAEngineering Automation for Reliable Software Interim Report, 1 Oct. 2000 - 30 Sep. 2001Luqi; Sep. 2001; 128p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393509; NPS-SW-01-004; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The objective of our effort is to develop a scientific basis for producing reliable software that is also flexible and cost effectivefor the DoD distributed software domain. This objective addresses the long term goals of increasing the quality of service providedby complex systems while reducing development risks, costs, and time. Our work focuses on ”wrap and glue” technology basedon a domain specific distributed prototype model. The key to making the proposed approach reliable, flexible, and cost-effectiveis the automatic generation of glue and wrappers based on a designer’s specification. The ”wrap and glue” approach allows systemdesigners to concentrate on the difficult interoperability problems and defines solutions in terms of deeper and more difficultinteroperability issues, while freeing designers from implementation details. Specific research areas for the proposed effortinclude technology enabling rapid prototyping, inference for design checking, automatic program generation, distributedreal-time scheduling, wrapper and glue technology, and reliability assessment and improvement. The proposed technology willbe integrated with past research results to enable a quantum leap forward in the state of the art for rapid prototyping.DTICPrototypes; Real Time Operation; Interoperability; Complex Systems; Reliability Analysis

20010103255 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAUser-Centered Iterative Design of a Collaborative Virtual EnvironmentBoswell, James E.; Mar. 2001; 119p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391724; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Most tasks that are desirable to train in a virtual environment are not tasks that we do alone, but rather are executedcollaboratively with one or more team members. Yet little is known about how to construct virtual environment training systemsthat support collaborative behavior. The purpose of this thesis was to explore methodologies for developing collaborative virtualenvironments for training. Our approach centered on analyzing task or training specific requirements for the simulationenvironment. We applied user-centered design techniques to analyze the cognitive processes of collaborative way finding todevelop interface design guidelines. We utilized the results of our analysis to propose a general model of collaborative way finding.This model emphasizes team collaboration and interaction in problem solving and decision-making. We tested the model in thefield, using cognitive task analysis methods to study land navigators. This study was intended to validate the use of user-centereddesign methodologies for the design of collaborative virtual environments. Our findings provide information useful to design,ranging from model enhancement to interface development. We have explored the cognitive aspects of collaborative human wayfinding and design for collaborative virtual environments. Further investigation of design paradigms should include cognitive taskanalysis and behavioral task analysis.DTICDistributed Interactive Simulation; Virtual Reality; Education; Navigators

20010103259 Maryland Univ., College Park, MD USAProcess Accessing Library (PAL): An Approach to Interprocess Communication Final Report, une 2000-Jan. 2001Betten, Steven G.; May 2001; 26p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD17-00-P-0960Report No.(s): AD-A391757; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Interprocess communication is a topic of study in the high performance computing community because of its applicationsin runtime analysis and code coupling. Existing approaches to such communication include sockets, message passing, shared

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memory, and distributed shared memory. Proposed is a ’process accessing’ approach in which a program directly accesses desireddata in the working memory of another program. This approach has its origins in debugger programs, which access the workingmemory of the program they are debugging. Major benefits of the process accessing model are that it provides access tocomputational results without pausing computations, it uses a minimal amount of memory, and it requires only trivialmodifications to the computational code in order to access its working memory. The process accessing library (PAL) is animplementation of the process accessing approach.DTICData Processing; Distributed Memory; Computer Programs; Libraries; Interprocessor Communication

20010103264 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAThe Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Distributed Application EmulatorDrake, Timothy S.; Mar. 2001; 135p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391772; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This thesis details the engineering, design and implementation of a real-time, distributed, application emulator system (AEsystem). The project had two main goals for the tool: emulation of real-time distributed systems, and as a programmable resourceconsumer. The AE system is currently being used in the HiPer-D test bed to activate a resource leveling tool that monitors severalsoftware components for real-time response. The AE system is highly flexible and can be used in the context of a variety ofnetwork topologies and system loading options. The results presented show that the AE system can also emulate distributedsystems.DTICSystems Engineering; Real Time Operation; Computer Programs; Topology

20010103537 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD USAModes of Operation Validation System (MOVS): Requirements and ProceduresKeller, Sharon; Smid, Miles; Feb. 1998; 154p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391530; NIST-SP-800-17; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Modes of Operation Validation System (MOVS) specifies theprocedures involved in validating implementations of the DES algorithm in FIPS PUB 46-2 The Data Encryption Standard (DES)and the Skipjack algorithm in FIPS PUB 185, Escrowed Encryption Standard (ESS). The MOVS is designed to perform automatedtesting on Implementations Under Test (IUTs). This publication provides brief overviews of the DES and Skipjack algorithmsand introduces the basic design and configuration of the MOVS. Included in this overview are the specifications for the twocategories of tests which make up the MOVS, i.e., the Known Answer tests and the Modes tests. The requirements andadministrative procedures to be followed by those seeking formal NIST validation of an implementation of the DES or Skipjackalgorithm are presented. The requirements described include the specific protocols for communication between the IUT and theMOVS, the types of tests which the IUT must pass for formal NIST validation, and general instructions for accessing andinterfacing with the MOVS. An appendix with tables of values and results for the DES and Skipjack Known Answer tests is alsoprovided.DTICCryptography; Program Verification (Computers); Computer Information Security

20010105185 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USAMeta-Component Architecture for Software InteroperabilitySauer, L. D.; Clay, R. L.; Armstrong, R. C.; Aug. 28, 2000; 12p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-761881; SAND2000-2146C; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

Most existing software is one-of-a-kind monolithic, non-interoperable, and consequently, non-reusable. In addition, thissoftware is difficult to maintain, improve, and scale. More importantly, this software is vital to many enterprises and institutions.Thus, enterprises must continuously make trade-off decisions between developing new software and maintaining existingsoftware. The meta-component architecture (Component Mill) presented in this paper will enable enterprises to continue usingexisting software while providing a mechanism to migrate the software into a format (meta-component) that supports softwareintegration and reuse. This architecture provides the blueprint for realizing an environment that supports exposing existingsoftware for reuse with other (heterogeneous) software while allowing software development based on reuse.NTISArchitecture (Computers); Computer Programs; Interoperability; Software Engineering

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20010105189 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USAWindows Calorimeter Control (WinCal) program computer software configuration management planMar. 26, 1997; 19pReport No.(s): DE2001-16925; HNF-SD-CP-CSCM-010; DE98059771,EW3135040; No Copyright; Avail: Department ofEnergy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This document describes the system configuration management activities performed in support of the Windows CalorimeterControl (WinCal) system, in accordance with WHC-CM-3-10, Software Practices, Section SP-6.1, and Appendix L. Thesecompany procedures are based on Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Standard 828-1990, Standard forSoftware Configuration Management (IEEE 1987). Because of the conformance to the IEEE standards and because of thecorrelation of IEE with International Standards Organization (ISO) Quality Management and Quality Assurance Standards, ISO9000-3, ’Guidelines for the Application of ISO 9001 for the Development, Supply, and Maintenance of Software’ (ISO 1991),this software configuration management plan is also likely to comply with ISO 9000-3 (ISO 1991).NTISCalorimeters; Quality Control; Configuration Management; Management Planning

20010105248 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USAEvaluation of the Parallel Shift-and-Invert Lanczos MethodWu, K.; Simon, H.; Apr. 30, 1999; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771664; LBNL-43178; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

When the Lanczos method is used to compute eigenvalues, it is often restarted or used with the shift-and-invert scheme. Therestarted scheme usually uses less memory but the shift-and-invert scheme is more robust. In addition, the shift-and-invertLanczos method requires accurate solutions of a series of linear systems. Parallel software packages suitable for these linearsystems are only started to become available. In this talk, we will present our evaluation of two such packages and briefly examinewhen it is necessary to use the shift-and-invert scheme.NTISEigenvalues; Applications Programs (Computers); Linear Systems; Parallel Processing (Computers)

62COMPUTER SYSTEMS

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20010099573 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USASystems and Technical ArchitecturesWeisskopf, Mike; May 30, 2001; 14p; In English; Proceedings from the Navy Interoperability Workshop, 30-31 May 2001sponsored by NDIA. Contains all viewgraphs.Report No.(s): AD-A393710; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This set of viewgraphs contains information about systems and technical architectures as presented at the NDIA (NationalDefense Industrial Association) Navy Interoperability Workshop.DTICDefense Program; Interoperability; Architecture (Computers)

20010099576 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Software Engineering Inst., Pittsburgh, PA USAProceedings of the Real-Time Systems Engineering WorkshopMeyers, B. C.; Feiler, Peter H.; Marz, Ted; Aug. 2001; 35p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0003Report No.(s): AD-A393723; CMU/SEI-2001-SR-022; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report presents the results of a workshop on the topic of real-time systems engineering. The workshop was held as partof the SEI (Software Engineering Institution) Symposium in Washington, DC, during September 2000. The objective of theworkshop was to identify key issues and obtain feedback from attendees concerning real-time systems engineering. Two broadkeynote presentations were presented, followed by topical presentations concerning predictability, fault tolerance, and

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interoperability. This report summarizes the workshop in terms of foundation, management, and technical topics, and it containsa discussion related to developing a community of interest for real-time systems engineering.DTICConferences; Real Time Operation; Software Engineering; Systems Engineering

20010099577 Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Software Engineering Inst., Pittsburgh, PA USASpiral Development and Evolutionary AcquisitionHansen, W. J.; Foreman, J. T.; Albert, C. C.; Brownsword, L. L.; Forrester, E. C.; Aug. 2001; 78p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-95-C-0003Report No.(s): AD-A393726; CMU/SEI-SR-005; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The evolutionary acquisition strategy has been promulgated by the forthcoming DoD Instruction 5000.2. It introducesinnovations throughout the acquisition cycle: before a contract is considered, technology readiness guides the choice ofexperiments; contracts are let for one or more blocks; and progress within each block is managed with spiral development. Thereis some confusion as to the nature of evolutionary acquisition and spiral development and their relationship. to address theseproblems, a workshop was held September 13-15, under joint sponsorship of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Scienceand Technology, the Software Engineering Institute, and the Center for Software Engineering. This report summarizes theworkshop and presents its recommendations. Themes appearing in the workshop presentations included the lack of understandingof the definitions of evolutionary acquisition and spiral development, some extensions to these definitions, the barriers imposedby existing funding and contracting policies, the need for teamwork among all stakeholders, and the role of education and trainingin acculturation. Work groups at the workshop recommended specific actions aimed at building and spreading a culture forevolutionary acquisition and spiral development. These actions can be grouped under the topics of improvements to contractmodels, revision of funding approaches, adaptation of acquisition policies, enhancement of integrated product teams, training andacculturation of participants, and studies of evolutionary acquisition and spiral development to validate and improve them.DTICProcurement; Technology Assessment; Military Technology; Software Engineering; Conferences

20010099692 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Information Technology Div., Salisbury, AustraliaFormalization of Public Key InfrastructuresOzols, Maris; Cant, Tony; Liu, Chuchang; Henderson, Marie; Apr. 2001; 49p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392288; DSTO-RR-0202; DODA-AR-011-780; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

Public key technology within a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) has been widely promoted to support secure digitalcommunications. However, imprecise specifications for PKIs, which are usually written in a natural language, have led to varyingimplementation and interpretations of conformance. There have also been cases where defects have been identified years later,some of which were serious and could cause incorrect acceptance of certification paths. In this paper we provide a formal solutionto the PKI specification dilemma by introducing a state-based model for the description of the architecture of a PKI and relatedfunctions. We propose a formal approach to the representation of, and reasoning about, the behavior and security properties ofPKIs, and also give a framework for mechanizing our theory in the Isabelle theorem prover. With our method, the essential aspectsof PKIs can be clearly formulated, facilitating the testing and analysis of their implementations in a more rigorous and well definedway.DTICData Processing; Pulse Communication; Security

20010100109 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USANetwork Centric Warfare and Command and Control: Rethinking Organizational Architecture Final ReportWashington, Julius C.; May 2001; 26p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393553; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

We know from history that the ability of a military commander to effectively control his forces was forever changed by theFrench Revolution and the levee en masse. Thereafter, the sheer size and dispersion of forces made it necessary to subdivide them,and eventually to institute a rigid organizational system that has become increasingly more complex. Communications becameextremely difficult with the available signal technology, making it almost impossible to synchronize these widely dispersed forces.The subsequent arrival of the telegraph vastly improved military communications, and today forces of almost unlimited size andseparation routinely share information and intelligence in near-real time. From the late 20th century explosion in information andcomputing technology emerges the concept of Network Centric Warfare. Network Centric Warfare applies the vast potential of

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the Information Age to warfare, envisioning a netted battle force executing high-speed, synchronized operations with preciseeffect. Rich, scalable visualizations that reflect all relevant factors in the battlespace, or Common Operating Pictures (COPs) asthey have been coined, become the essential element of USA military power in the 21st century.DTICInformation Systems; Command and Control; Telegraph Systems

20010100497 General Accounting Office, Accounting and Information Div., Washington, DC USAINFORMATION SECURITY: Computer Attacks at Department of Defense Pose Increasing RisksMay 1996; 48p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A389084; GAO/AIMD-96-84; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

In view of the increasing threat of unauthorized intrusions into Department of Defense (DoD) computer systems, you askedus to report on the extent to which Defense computer systems are being attacked, the actual and potential damage to its informationand systems, and the challenges Defense is facing in securing sensitive information. This report identifies opportunities and makesrecommendations to the Secretary of Defense to improve Defense’s efforts to counter attacks on its computer systems. We aresending copies of the report to the Senate Committee on Armed Services and the House Committee on National Security; theSenate Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Defense, and the House Committee on Appropriations, Subcommitteeon National Security; the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence and the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence;the Secretary of Defense; the secretaries of the military services; and the Director, Defense Information Systems Agency. Copieswill also be made available to others upon request.DTICCongressional Reports; Defense Program; Computer Information Security; USA; Security; Electronic Countermeasures

20010100509 Army Research Lab., Sensors Directorate, Adelphi, MD USASecurity on the Desktop. Fighting the Enemy WithinJun. 15, 1999; 10p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391506; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report concerns the Army XXI, its technology and forecasts into the future. It discusses how the incorporation of digitaltechnology across all of our battlefield systems will give commanders and soldiers unprecedented capability to gather and sharetactical information.DTICComputer Information Security; Digital Systems; Technological Forecasting

20010102549 Air Force Information Warfare Center, San Antonio, TX USAConcept of Operations for a Corporate Information Protection ProgramSutterfield, Lee; Jan. 1995; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391252; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The Dod’s efforts in the late sixties and seventies to develop a robust computer communications network capability hasevolved into today’s Internet. Amid all the discussion of the utility of the Internet for business and government there seems to begrowing consensus on only one issue - security is a problem. The ARPANET, from which the Internet has grown, was built tosurvive large scale war in a physical domain. Today’s level of unauthorized and increasingly malicious activity occurring withincorporate and worldwide internets threatens the value of internetworking.DTICInterprocessor Communication; Defense Program; Computer Information Security; ARPA Computer Network

20010102921 Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA USADepartment of Defense Public Key Infrastructure Token Protection Profile. Version 2.0Cleveland, Tamara; Alexander, Michael; Ganguly, Asok; Green, Brian; Schneider, Edward; Mar. 12, 2001; 134p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393564; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This protection profile (PP) was developed to identify and set forth the security requirements for a Department of Defense(DoD) Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) Token based on Version 2.1 of the ”Common Criteria”, International Standard 15408.DTICSecurity; Protection; Defense Program

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20010103072 Virginia Univ., School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, VA USAAssessing and Managing Risks to Information Assurance: A Methodological ApproachLamm, George A.; May 2001; 306p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391850; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A14, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

Recent events such as the Yahoo! denial-of-service attack and the I Love you virus have sparked a dramatic interest ininformation assurance (IA) and the future security of information infrastructures. Information systems are facing an increase ininterconnectedness, interdependency and complexity. Information assurance attempts to answer critical questions of trust andcredibility associated with our digital environment and it represents a myriad of considerations and decisions that transcendtechnological advancement, legal, political, economic, social, cultural, institutional, organizational, and educational dimensions.Despite spending millions of dollars on firewalls, encryption technologies, and intrusion detection software, informationinfrastructure vulnerabilities and incidents continue to happen. These trends have a significant impact on military operations inthe next decades.DTICInformation Systems; Computer Information Security; Computer Viruses; Risk

20010103265 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Harvard-mit Div. of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA USAReconfigurable Network of Networks for Multiscale Computing Annual Report, 10 Apr. 2000-9 Apr. 2001Sutton, Jeffrey P.; Apr. 23, 2001; 16p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-99-1-0884Report No.(s): AD-A391776; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The Network of Networks (NoN) model, which is a neurobiologically motivated smart algorithm co-developed by the PI,is being applied for rapid and accurate image processing of forward and side scan sonar images in turbid environments. The modelis also being used as a platform for rapid distributed communications for autonomous vehicles. Both of these applications buildupon unique features of the NoN for reconfigurable computing across multiple scales of organization, and the approach has directrelevance to several enabling technologies for Future Naval Capabilities.DTICImage Processing; Neural Nets; Machine Learning; Sonar

20010103540 Air Force Space Command, Peterson AFB, CO USAUSA Space Command (USSPACECOM). Concept of Operations (CONOPS) For Computer Network Defense (CND)Oct. 01, 1999; 115p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391518; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This section provides the purpose of the CND CONOPS, reviews the authority for CONOPS publication and describes theUSSPACECOM focus and objectives for the CND mission. In addition, this section provides background information on the threatto U.S. national security and computer networks and a brief overview of the operating environment of the Defense InformationInfrastructure (DII). The 1999 Unified Command Plan (UCP) assigns the Commander in Chief, USA Space Command(USCINCSPACE) as the military lead for CND and Computer Network Attack (CNA) of DII. USCINCSPACE will assumeresponsibility for CND beginning 1 October 1999 and for CNA on 1 October 2000. This CONOPS describes how USCINCSPACEwill execute responsibilities for the CND mission. A separate CNA CONOPS will be published in 2000 detailing USSPACECOMexecution of the CNA mission.DTICComputer Networks; Computer Information Security

20010103542 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USAComputer Incident Response Guidebook: Module 19 Information Systems Security (INFOSEC) Program GuidelinesAug. 1996; 33p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391505; NAVSO-P-5239-19; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The USA Government is faced with a new and gigantic challenge---that of Information Warfare. U.S. military computers inparticular contain information of great value to adversaries of the U.S. and to ”information brokers” who sell information theyobtain to other governments and organizations. These same computers often support critical computing activities such ascommand and control, target tracking, logistics, and control of weapons systems (including systems on Naval vessels and aircraft).

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Many sensitive unclassified DoN systems connect to the MILNET, (a backbone that ties military networks together all over theworld) or the Internet (a backbone that ties all types of networks together throughout the world).DTICInformation Systems; Computer Information Security; Internets; Military Operations

20010104071 Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA USAEngineering Principles for Information Technology Security (A Baseline for Achieving Security)Stoneburner, Gary; Hayden, Clark; Feringa, Alexis; Jun. 2001; 32p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393550; NIST-800-27; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The purpose of the Engineering Principles for Information Technology (IT) Security (HP-ITS) is to present a list ofsystem-level security principles to he considered in the design, development, and operation of an information system. Ideally, theprinciples presented here would he used from the onset of a program-at the beginning of, or during the design phase- and thenemployed throughout the system’s life-cycle. However, these principles are also helpful in affirming and confirming the securityposture of already deployed information systems. The principles are short and concise and can he used by organizations to developtheir system life-cycle policies.DTICSecurity; Information Systems; Policies

20010104669 Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA USAAdvisory Memorandum on Web Browser Security VulnerabilitiesAug. 2000; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393619; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Virtually all major Web browsers have significant security flaws, making it possible for hackers to attack. These attacks runthe gamut from simple denial of service, through theft of files and personal information, to full- fledged system penetrationpermitting the attacker to delete files, insert viruses, change information, and leave hidden monitoring programs. But Webbrowsers offer tremendous convenience and productivity advantages and their use will only accelerate in both industry andgovernment. 2. This NSTISSAM outlines some of the steps you can take to lower your risk when browsing the Web and discussesthe benefits and consequences of the security measures.DTICSecurity; Risk; Data Processing

20010104673 RAND Corp., Arroyo Center, Santa Monica, CA USAArmy Biometric Applications: Identifying and Addressing Sociocultural ConcernsWoodward, John D., Jr.; Webb, Katharine W.; Newton, Elaine M.; Bradley, Melissa; Rubenson, David; Jan. 2001; 203p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-96-C-0004Report No.(s): AD-A393724; RAND/MR-1237-A; ISBN 0-8330-2985-1; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A10, Hardcopy; A03,Microfiche

The U.S. Army has a growing need to control access to its systems in times of both war and peace. In wartime, the Army’sdependence on information as a tactical and strategic asset requires the Army to carefully control its battlefield networks. Fromlogistics flows to intelligence on enemy forces, the Army depends on confining access to its data to authorized personnel. Thisneed for access control is also critical at the weapon system level. Access control issues are important to the peacetime Armybecause improving the efficiency of peacetime operations, including controlling access to facilities, computer systems, andclassified information, depends on fast and accurate identification. The Army also operates a vast set of human resource servicesinvolving health care, retiree and dependent benefits, and troop support services. These services create the need for positiveidentification to prevent fraud and abuse.DTICSecurity; Biometrics; Support Systems; Warfare; Data Processing

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63CYBERNETICS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS

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20010100243 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAA Radial Basis Function Neural Network Approach to Two-Color Infrared Missile DetectionChan, Kin-Weng, Air Force Inst. of Tech., USA; Mar. 12, 2001; 100p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391929; AFIT/GE/ENG/01M-05; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Multicolor infrared imaging missile-warning systems require real-time detection techniques that can process the wideinstantaneous field of regard of focal plane array sensors with a low false alarm rate. Current technology applies classical statisticalmethods to this problem and ignores neural network techniques. Thus the research reported here is novel in that it investigatesthe use of radial basis function (RBF) neural networks to detect sub-pixel missile signatures. An RBF neural network is designedand trained to detect targets in two-color infrared imagery using a recently developed regression tree algorithm. Features arecalculated for 3 by 3 pixel sub-images in each color band and concatenated into a vector as input to the network. The RBF networkresponds with a value of unity to feature vectors representing missiles and with zero to vectors representing background. Imagesare thresholded prior to application to the trained RBF network to narrow the field of interest of the RBF network and increasemissile detection speed. The RBF network-based technique then generates potential target locations and probabilities that thelocations correspond to missiles. Results show that the RBF network-based technique operates in near teal-time and detects 100%of the missiles in data that was not used in training Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves show that overly highclassification thresholds can exceed the RBF network response for a true missile and result in non-detection. However, these ROCcurves also show that adaptive control of the classification threshold on the RBF network output can reduce the number of falsealarms to zero.DTICNeural Nets; Infrared Imagery; Missile Detection; Color; Imaging Techniques

20010101159 Catania Univ., ItalyProceedings of the 2000 6th IEEE International Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks and their Applications (CNNA2000)May 25, 2000; 455p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-F055Report No.(s): AD-A393507; IEEE-00TH8509; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A20, Hardcopy; A04, Microfiche

The Final Proceedings for 6th Intl. Workshop on Cellular Neural Networks & Applications, 23-25 May 2000 This is aninterdisciplinary conference. Topics include basic theory of cellular nonlinear spatiotemporal phenomena, physicalimplementations (VLSI, Optical, Nanotechnology), CNN computers, biologically inspired intelligent robots, and sensor networksfor data fusion and real time control.DTICNeural Nets; Pattern Recognition; Control; Multisensor Fusion

20010103244 Pennsylvania State Univ., Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University Park, PA USAThe Use of Automated Critics to Improve the Fusion of Marginal Sensors for ATR and IFFN ApplicationsMiller, David J.; Hall, David L.; Jan. 1999; 12p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): IIS-9624870Report No.(s): AD-A391665; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A basic goal of multi-sensor data fusion is to increase the accuracy and reliability of inferences by combining data andinformation from multiple sources. In particular, applications such as automatic target recognition (ATR) andidentification-friend-foe-neutral (IFFN) processing seek to characterize, classify, and ultimately identify targets of interest suchas aircraft, tanks, or enemy units. Ideally, the use of multi-sensor data from non-commensurate sensors (viz., sensors observingfundamentally different physical phenomena) would improve the ability to identify targets by broadening the physical baselineof observation. For example, the use of a combination of acoustic, seismic, infra-red, and radar data has the potential to improvethe ability to characterize ground-based targets. In addition, the use of a broad range of physical measurements improves the abilityto counter an enemy’s information warfare efforts. There are several circumstances, however, in which the fusion of multi-sensordata actually produces worse results (on average) than can be achieved by an individual sensor. That is, the fused results are lessaccurate and less reliable than those of the best individual contributing sensor. As one example, sensor data may be incorrectly

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weighted, due to a lack of knowledge of the dynamic sensor performance in realistic operating conditions. Another example mostgermane to the present work is the case where decisions from one or more of the contributing sensors have accuracy less than 50percent. It is well-known that decision-level fusion schemes, such as voting techniques, produce unreliable results when theaccuracy of the contributing sensors is less than 50 percent. Unfortunately, such relatively poor performance is not uncommonin applications such as IFFN and ATR. This is particularly true in anticipated information warfare conditions.DTICMultisensor Fusion; Radar Data; Target Recognition; Multisensor Applications

20010104661 Washington Univ., Dept. of Systems Science and Mathematics, Saint Louis, MO USANonlinear Control Systems Final Report, 1 Dec. 1997-30 Nov. 2000Byrnes, Christopher I.; Isidori, Alberto; Mar. 25, 2001; 64p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0170Report No.(s): AD-A391461; 22-1345-59288; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0366; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

In this report we summarize our recent research on the development of a systematic methodology for the design of feedbacklaws achieving stabilization and regulation of nonlinear control systems. We consider the stabilization and control of both lumpednonlinear systems and nonlinear distributed parameter systems. The principal control objective is output regulation, the abilityof the output of a system to track a desired signal while rejecting signals produced by a known exogenous system. This objectivemust also be achieved in a manner that is robust with respect to variation in unknown plant parameters; i.e., we develop amethodology for output regulation that is robust against real parametric uncertainty.DTICNonlinear Systems; Control Theory; Systems Analysis; Control Systems Design

64NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

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20010102596 Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Hampton, VA USAOn the Definition of Surface Potentials for Finite-Difference Operators Final ReportTsynkov, S. V., Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, USA; September 2001; 30p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): NAS1-97046; RTOP 505-90-52-01Report No.(s): NASA/CR-2001-211059; NAS 1.26:211059; ICASE-2001-23; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

For a class of linear constant-coefficient finite-difference operators of the second order, we introduce the concepts similarto those of conventional single- and double-layer potentials for differential operators. The discrete potentials are definedcompletely independently of any notion related to the approximation of the continuous potentials on the grid. We rather use allapproach based on differentiating, and then inverting the differentiation of a function with surface discontinuity of a particularkind, which is the most general way of introducing surface potentials in the theory of distributions. The resulting finite-difference”surface” potentials appear to be solutions of the corresponding continuous potentials. Primarily, this pertains to the possibilityof representing a given solution to the homogeneous equation on the domain as a variety of surface potentials, with the densitydefined on the domain’s boundary. At the same time the discrete surface potentials can be interpreted as one specific realizationof the generalized potentials of Calderon’s type, and consequently, their approximation properties can be studied independentlyin the framework of the difference potentials method by Ryaben’kii. The motivation for introducing and analyzing the discretesurface potentials was provided by the problems of active shielding and control of sound, in which the aforementioned sourceterms that drive the potentials are interpreted as the acoustic control sources that cancel out the unwanted noise on a predeterminedregion of interest.AuthorDiscontinuity; Boundaries; Differential Equations; Finite Difference Theory; Operators (Mathematics)

20010103230 Maryland Univ. Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD USAConference on p and hp Finite Element Methods: Mathematics and Engineering Practice. Summaries of Papers FinalReport, 15 Feb.-30 Nov. 2000Suri, Manil, Maryland Univ. Baltimore County, USA; Jul. 27, 2001; 141p; In English

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Contract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-1-0165Report No.(s): AD-A393752; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0444; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This document contains the abstracts of all papers presented at pFEM2000. The abstracts are listed in alphabetical order offirst author of each paper, started with the Plenary Talks, followed by the Parallel Talks. These papers deal with the applicationof numerical methods to engineering problems.Derived from textConferences; Finite Element Method; Engineering; Abstracts

65STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

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20010099581 Shield Rite, Inc., Albuquerque, NM USAStatistical Electromagnetics Final Report, Mar. 1995-Jan. 1998Holland, Richard; St John, Richard; Jan. 14, 1998; 268p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): F29601-95-C-0045; AF Proj. 3005Report No.(s): AD-A393735; AFRL-DE-PS-TR-1998-1025; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A12, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

Deterministic treatment of High-Power Microwaves or Radio-Frequency Interference internal coupling to wiring and cablingof highly overmoded enclosures is too detailed to be practical. However, statistical models thrive on complexity. In this report,cable current distributions on the ElectroMagnetic Pulse Test AirCraft airframe, a Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) bus, and theCelestron 8 satellite telescope are modeled statistically when illumination is external and penetration is through apertures or cablesentering from the exterior. The observed field power fluxes and cable powers are tested against a chi-square distribution with twodegrees of freedom , a beta distribution, a log-normal distribution, and a curious hybrid distribution due to Lehman, which wouldpertain to a variate which is the product of two chi-square distributions, one having two, and the other six, degrees of freedom.We demonstrate that, if the enclosure cables are modeled with a simulated drive having a Lehman distribution, it is possible toreplicate the experimentally observed power distribution within a factor of two, although cable powers themselves look more likea chi-square distribution than a Lehman distribution. We have also constructed a hardware/software assembly incorporating aPentium PC and an HP8753 Network Analyzer which can (1) illuminate an enclosure externally with 1 watt of power, (2) canmeasure the field, or cable current, response inside the enclosure, and (3) compares experiment with theory.DTICElectromagnetic Fields; Distribution Functions; Radio Frequency Interference; Microwaves

20010104067 Purdue Univ., Dept. of Statistics, West Lafayette, IN USAOn Empirical Bayes Procedures for Selecting Good Populations in Positive Exponential FamilyGupta, Shanti S.; Li, Jian-Jun; Aug. 2001; 23p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-00-1-0502Report No.(s): AD-A393488; TR-01-10; ARO-40940.5-MA; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The problem of selecting good ones compared with a control from k(greater than or equal to 2) positive exponential familypopulations is considered in this paper. A nonparametric empirical Bayes approach is used to construct the selection procedures.It has been shown that the risks of the empirical Bayes procedures converge to the (minimum) Bayes risk with a rate of O(1/n),where n is the number of accumulated past observations at hand. Simulations were carried out to study the performance of theprocedures for small to moderate values of n. The results of this study are provided in the paper.DTICBayes Theorem; Populations; Nonparametric Statistics

20010105253 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USABenchmarking Monte Carlo Codes for Criticality Safety Using Subcritical MeasurementsValentine, T. E.; Oct. 23, 2000; 5p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771587; P00-108268; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

Monte Carlo codes that are used for criticality safety evaluations are typically validated using critical experiments in whichthe neutron multiplication factor is unity. However, the conditions for most fissile material operations do not coincide to those

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of the critical experiments. This paper demonstrates that Monte Carlo methods and nuclear data can be validated using subcriticalmeasurements whose conditions may coincide more closely to actual configurations of fissile material.NTISFissionable Materials; Monte Carlo Method; Computer Programs; Safety

20010105284 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAAdaptively Learning an Importance Function Using Transport Constrained Monte CarloBooth, T. E.; Jun. 22, 1998; 18p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762104; LA-UR-98-4755; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

It is well known that a Monte Carlo estimate can be obtained with zero-variance if an exact importance function for theestimate is known. There are many ways that one might iteratively seek to obtain an ever more exact importance function. Thispaper describes a method that has obtained ever more exact importance functions that empirically produce an error that is droppingexponentially with computer time. The method described herein constrains the importance function to satisfy the (adjoint)Boltzmann transport equation. This constraint is provided by using the known form of the solution, usually referred to as the Caseeigenfunction solution.NTISBoltzmann Transport Equation; Monte Carlo Method; Eigenvectors

66SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND OPERATIONS RESEARCH

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20010100500 Joint Test Force, Kirtland AFB, NM USAA Test Planning Methodology From Concept Development Through Test Execution, 1 Oct. 1994-31 Mar. 2000Reeves, John, Joint Test Force, USA; McKee, Larry, Joint Test Force, USA; November 1999; 64p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A388630; JT&E-TR-99-020; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The Joint Advanced Distributed Simulation (JADS) Joint Test and Evaluation was chartered by the Deputy Director, Test,Systems Engineering, and Evaluation (Test and Evaluation), Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition andTechnology) in October 1994 to investigate the utility of advanced distributed simulation (ADS) technologies for support ofdevelopment test and evaluation and operational test and evaluation. This special report outlines the steps in planning andimplementing ADS-based testing. The methodology is divided into two parts: an ADS-inclusive test concept developmentmethodology and an ADS-based test planning and implementation methodology. The objective of the test concept developmentmethodology is to determine whether ADS-based testing is either required or desired. If the decision is made to implementADS-based testing, then the ADS-based test planning and implementation methodology should be followed.DTICEvaluation; Defense Program; Planning; USA; Test Facilities

67THEORETICAL MATHEMATICS

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20010104350 Center for Mathematics and Computer Science, Amsterdam NetherlandsDiagonalizable Extended Backward Differentiation FormulasFrank, J. E.; van der Houwen, P. J.; Jul. 1999; 22pReport No.(s): PB2001-108636; MAS-R9917; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche

We generalize the extended backward differentiation formulas (EBDFs) introduced by Cash and by Psihoyios and Cash suchthat the system matrix in the modified Newton process can be block-diagonalized. This enables an efficient parallelimplementation. We construct methods which are L-stable up to order p=6 with the same computational complexity per processoras the conventional BDF methods. Numerical experiments with the order 6 method show that a speedup factor between 2 and 4on four processors can be expected.NTISBackward Differencing; Numerical Analysis; Boundary Value Problems

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20010105272 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USADiscontinuous Galerkin for Stiff Hyperbolic SystemsLowrie, R. B.; Morel, J. E.; Jun. 27, 1999; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-761235; LA-UR-99-2097; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

A Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is applied to hyperbolic systems that contain stiff relaxation terms. We demonstratethat when the relaxation time is under-resolved, DG is accurate in the sense that the method accurately represents the system’sChapman-Enskog approximation. Moreover, we demonstrate that a high-resolution, finite-volume method using the sametime-integration method as DG is very inaccurate in the diffusion limit. Results for DG are presented for the hyperbolic heatequation, the Broadwell model of gas kinetics, and coupled radiation-hydrodynamics.NTISDiffusion; Finite Volume Method; Hydrodynamics; Relaxation; Hyperbolic Functions

20010105278 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USADiscontinuous Galerkin for Hyperbolic Systems with Stiff RelaxationLowrie, R. B.; Morel, J. E.; May 24, 1999; 27p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762706; LA-UR-99-2517; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

A Discontinuous Galerkin method is applied to hyperbolic systems that contain stiff relaxation terms. We demonstrate thatwhen the relaxation time is unresolved, the method is accurate in the sense that it accurately represents the system’sChapman-Enskog approximation. Results are presented for the hyperbolic heat equation and coupled radiation-hydrodynamics.NTISHydrodynamics; Galerkin Method; Hyperbolic Differential Equations

70PHYSICS (GENERAL)

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20010099873 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USAA Method of Making Electron EmittersPehrsson, Pehr, Inventor; Jul. 31, 2001; 26p; In EnglishPatent Info.: Filed 31 Jul. 2001; US-Patent-Appl-SN-09,917,663Report No.(s): AD-D019948; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity (Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)), Microfiche

A method for fabricating an electron emitter is provided. This emitter structure may be used to form individual emitters orarrays of emitters. The method is comprised of implanting energetic ions into a diamond lattice to form cones or other continuousregions of damaged diamond. These regions are more electrically conducting than the surrounding diamond lattice, and havelocally sharp tips at or near the point of entry of the ion into the diamond. The tips may then also be additionally coated with alayer of a wide band-gap semiconductor. An electrically conducting material may also be placed in proximity to the tips to generatean electric field sufficient to extract electrons from the conducting tips into either the region above the surface, or into the wideband-gap semiconductor layer in contact with the tips. Electrical contact is made to the electrically conducting damage tracks andthe electrical circuit may be completed with an electrically conducting material on the surface of the wide band-gap semiconductoror diamond, or in the ambient above the surface of the emitter. The surface of the wideband gap semiconductor or diamond maybe chemically modified to enhance the emission of electrons from the surface.DTICPatent Applications; Electron Emission; Emitters

20010101161 JAYCOR, San Diego, CA USAA Health Hazard Assessment for Blast Overpressure Exposures Subtitle - Use of Animal Test Data in the Developmentof a Human Auditory Hazard Criterion for Impulse Noise (Part 1) Final ReportHamernik, Roger P.; Patterson, James H., Jr.; Ahroon, William A.; Stuhmiller, James H.; Aug. 1998; 60p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-96-C-6007Report No.(s): AD-A393522; JAYCOR-2997-28; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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Hearing loss and sensory cell loss data, obtained from 909 chinchillas exposed to one of 137 different impulse noise or blastwave exposure paradigms, were statistically analyzed. The objective was to extract relations between the effects of the exposureon the auditory system (effects metrics) and metrics used to characterize the blast wave exposure. Specifically the following twoquestions were asked: (a) What is the best indicator of the amount of hazard associated with an impulse noise exposure? (b) Howdoes the hazard of an impulse noise exposure accumulate with increasing numbers of impulses? Two analytical approaches wereused. Both approaches indicated that the P-weighting functions or one of its derivatives (P1-, P2- or R-weighting) best organizedthe effects metrics. Depending on the analytical approach, either an energy trading rule of 10 log10 N or 6 log10 N; where N isthe number of impulses, best organized the data for N between 10 and 100. For exposures of between 1 and 10 impulses, a regionof the parametric space that is of considerable practical significance, there is insufficient data to form any conclusions. For thisregion the limited data suggest that an energy trading rule i.e., 10 log N, does not work.DTICAuditory Defects; Exposure; Detonation Waves

20010101173 Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Div., Patuxent River, MD USADevelopments in Probability-Based Strain-Life AnalysisRusk, David; Hoffman, Paul; Sep. 11, 2001; 28p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393606; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

An initial statistical approach to defining a probabilistic strain-life curve has been developed for material fatigue strengthcharacterization in the low-cycle region. It is based on the statistics of the standard linear regression model, and assumes that thescatter of the base 10 log of low-cycle fatigue life is normally distributed, with a Constant variance. Preliminary low-cycle fatiguedata from a large-scale, experimental strain-life material test program were used to fit the probabilistic strain-life curve, using theprobabilistic linear regression model derived herein. Upper and lower confidence bounds on the fatigue life prediction intervalswere generated, with all of the test data falling within the 95% confidence region. The probabilistic strain-life model has thecapability to be integrated into a Monte Carlo simulation of structural component fatigue life reliability analyses. The influenceof two different ASTM low-cycle fatigue test specimen geometries on fatigue life scatter was also investigated. Crack growth inlow-cycle fatigue tests, and the grain orientation of hourglass test specimens have both been shown to significantly affect theresulting scatter of fatigue life data at a given stress amplitude. The probabilistic linear regression model proves sufficient forcharacterizing the strain-life curve in the low-cycle fatigue region. More complex statistical methods that can account fornonconstant fatigue life variance, and fatigue life runout data, must be utilized to probabilistically characterize the strain-life curvein the high-cycle fatigure region.DTICFatigue Life; Component Reliability; Crack Propagation; Fatigue (Materials); Fatigue Tests; Strain Rate

20010102756 Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, Natick, MA USAHuman Factors Evaluation of the Modular Lightweight Load-Carrying Equipment (MOLLE) System Final Report, Jun.1995-Oct. 1999Sampson, James B., Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, USA; August 2001; 25p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393792; NATICK/TR-01/014; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

In March 1994, the Training and Doctrine Command System Manager for the Soldier, the Program Manager Soldier, and theU.S. Marine Corps Systems Command issued a joint call for a front end analysis (FEA) to determine the best design for aload-bearing system for soldiers and marines. The FEA was used in drafting a new user requirements document and initiating thedevelopment of a modular load-carrying system which ultimately became known as the Modular Lightweight Load-carryingEquipment (MOLLE). This report presents a summary of the FEA survey and the results from a series of human factors evaluationtests conducted during early MOLLE development. Test methodology and results are presented along with evaluation of thedesign features of load-bearing equipment important to infantrymen and their missions. This is followed by a discussion of lessonslearned in the development of the system.DTICHuman Factors Engineering; Load Distribution (Forces); Load Carrying Capacity

20010102923 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAA Combination of Rao-Wilton-Glisson and Asymptotic Phase Basis Functions to Solve the Electric and Magnetic FieldIntegral EquationsGulick, John R.; Jan. 2001; 74p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393539; AFIT-CI-01-201; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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Using the method of moments to solve the electric and magnetic field integral equations for the currents on a PEC surfacerequires a large number of unknowns to capture the current’s rapid spatial variation across the surface. Rao-Wilton-Glisson(RWG) vector basis functions 1 have been successfully used for the past twenty years 1, 2, 3,.... Unfortunately, the required numberof unknowns is on the order of 100 per square wavelength making electrically large problems impractical. For large smoothobjects, the rapid spatial variation in the current is due to phase variations rather than magnitude variations. Thus, using asymptoticphase (AP) basis functions can drastically reduce the number of unknowns 3 for large, smooth metallic bodies. The A’) basisfunction incorporates the anticipated phase, hence represents a more efficient basis function for a large class of problems.However, using RWG basis functions for monostatic calculations is more efficient since the matrix entries need not be recomputedfor each new incidence angle, as is the case for an AP expansion. One can combine the methods; selecting RWG or AP basisfunctions for a given geometry based on an element’s location within the geometry. This allows the relaxation of mesh densityin smooth flat regions not near the discontinuities resulting in a significant reduction of unknowns. This research shows thatcombining functions is highly efficient and the effectiveness of this method depends on the geometry of application.DTICMagnetic Fields; Electric Fields; Spatial Distribution

20010103767 Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS USAUnits and Conversions for Stream Restoration ProjectsFreeman, Gary; Fischenich, Craig; May 2001; 6p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393902; ERDC-TN-EMRRP-SR-28; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The conversion from U.S. Customary units to metric units has become increasingly important to nearly every practitionerin stream restoration. As more and more projects are specified in metric units and more and more supplies become available inmetric sizes, users need to be conversant in the International System of measurements (SI) or what is commonly called the metricsystem of measurement. The SI standards are actually a set of units adopted as a standard by the International Bureau of Weightsand Measures (BIPM). IEEE and ASTM most recently adopted this standard in the USA in 1992-93 as explained in IEEE/ASTMSI 10-1997. The standards are designed to be a standardized set of units that mostly eliminate confusion regarding the variousmeasurements and units. The IEEE/ASTM standards are based on Le System International d’Unite’s published by the BIPM andinclude modifications from 1995.DTICStreams; International System of Units; Size (Dimensions)

20010104134 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAZ-Quark Coupling Measurements at SLDWright, T. R.; Nov. 30, 2000; 20p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784792; SLAC-PUB-8721; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The SLD experiment at SLAC has performed several precise tests of the electroweak Standard Model. This paper summarizesthe measurements of Z couplings to quarks. Most of these measurements are preliminary and many incorporate the full SLDdataset of 550,00 polarized Z decays.NTISQuarks; Couplings

20010104135 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAOptimization of NLC Luminosity for e-e- RunningThompson, K. A.; Nov. 28, 2000; 10p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784791; SLAC-PUB-8715; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We examine the optimization of the NLC for e-e- running. We examine how much luminosity may be regained in e-e- byvarying these parameters away from optimized flat beam e+e- values. The results are compared with round beam e-e- designsconsidered in an earlier paper.NTISLuminosity; Optimization; Linear Accelerators

20010104136 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAQuantum-Mechanical Analysis of Optical Stochastic CoolingHeifets, S. A.; Nov. 22, 2000; 12p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784790; SLAC-PUB-8713; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

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Quantum theory of the optical stochastic cooling is presented. Consideration follows the evolution of the density matrix ofa bunch of particles interacting with radiation in the undulators and quantum amplifier.NTISQuantum Mechanics; Quantum Theory; Stochastic Processes; Cooling

20010104137 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USALight-Front-Quantized QCD in Light-Cone GaugeBrodsky, S. J.; Nov. 30, 2000; 31p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784789; SLAC-PUB-8711; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The light-front (LF) quantization of QCD in light-cone gauge has a number of remarkable advantages, including explicitunitarity, a physical Fock expansion, the absence of ghost degrees of freedom, and the decoupling properties needed to provefactorization theorems in high momentum transfer inclusive and exclusive reactions. We present a systematic study ofLF-quantized gauge theory following the Dirac method and construct the Dyson-Wick S-matrix expansion based onLF-time-ordered products. The gauge field is shown to satisfy the Lorentz condition as an operator equation as well as thelight-cone gauge condition.NTISQuantum Chromodynamics; Momentum Transfer; Degrees of Freedom; Gauge Theory

20010104355 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAQuantization of the Coulomb Chain in an External Focusing FieldKabel, A. C.; Jan. 24, 2001; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784850; SLAC-PUB-8760; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

With the appropriate choice of parameters and sufficient cooling, charged particles in a circular accelerator are believed toundergo a transition to a highly-ordered crystalline state. The simplest possible crystalline configuration is a one-dimensionalchain of particles. In this paper, we write down the quantized version of its dynamics. We show that in a low-density limit, thedynamics is that of a theory of interacting phonons. There is an infinite sequence of n-phonon interaction terms, we write downthe first orders, which involve phonon scattering and decay processes. The quantum formulation developed here can serve as afirst step towards a quantum-mechanical treatment of the system at finite temperatures.NTISLinear Accelerators; Crystal Structure; Cooling; Crystallinity

20010104356 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAInjector for the CLIC Test Facility (CTF3)Miller, R. H.; Jan. 23, 2001; 4p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784848; SLAC-PUB-8757; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The CLIC Test Facility (CTF3) is an intermediate step to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the key concepts of the newRF power source for CLIC. CTF3 will use electron beams with an energy range adjustable from 170 MeV (3.5 A) to 380 MeV(with low current). The injector is based on a thermionic gun followed by a classical bunching system embedded in a longsolenoidal field. As an alternative, an RF photo-injector is also being studied. The beam dynamics studies on how to reach thestringent beam parameters at the exit of the injector are presented. Simulations performed with the EGUN code showed that acurrent of 7 A can be obtained with an emittance less than 10 mm.mrad at the gun exit. Sub-Harmonic Bunchers (SHB) areforeseen, to switch the phase of the bunch trains by 180 degrees from even to odd RF buckets. Specific issues of the thermionicgun and of the SHB with fast phase switch are discussed.NTISBeam Injection; Injectors; Bunching

20010104357 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAHiggs Mechanism in Non-commutative Gauge TheoriesPetriello, F. J.; Jan. 17, 2001; 34p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784847; SLAC-PUB-8754; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This paper investigates the non-commutative version of the Abelian Higgs model at the one loop level. We find that the BRSTinvariance of the theory is maintained at this order in perturbation theory, rendering the theory one-loop renormalizable. Uponremoving the gauge field from the theory we also obtain a consistent continuum renormalization of the broken O(2) linear sigmamodel, contradicting results found in the literature. The beta functions for the various couplings of the gauged U(1) theory are

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presented, as are the divergent contributions to every one particle irreducible (IPI) function. We find that all physical couplingsand masses are gauge independent. A brief discussion concerning the symmetries P, C, and T in this theory are given.NTISGauge Theory; Invariance; Perturbation Theory; Continuums

20010104358 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USACartography with Locating Fermions in Extra Dimensions at Future Lepton CollidersRizzo, T. G.; Jan. 24, 2001; 33p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784844; SLAC-PUB-8746; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

In the model of Arkani-Hamed and Schmaltz the various fermions of the Standard Model (SM) are localized at different pointson a thick wall which forms an extra dimension. Such a scenario provides a way of understanding the absence of proton decayand the fermion mass hierarchy in models with extra dimensions. In this paper we explore the capability of future lepton collidersto determine the location of these fermions in the extra dimension through precision measurements of conventional scatteringprocesses both below and on top of the lowest lying Kaluza-Klein gauge boson resonance. We show that for some classes of modelsthe location of these fermions can be very precisely determined while in others only their relative positions can be well measured.NTISFermions; Leptons; Particle Decay; Precision

20010104359 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USATest Beams and Polarized Fixed Target Beams at the NLCPitthan, R.; Jan. 17, 2001; 10p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784842; SLAC-PUB-8725; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

A conceptual program to use NLC beams for test beams and fixed target physics is described. Primary undisrupted polarizedbeams would be the most simple to use, but for NLC, the disrupted beams are of good enough quality that they could also be used,after collimation of the low energy tails, for test beams and fixed target physics. Pertinent issues are: what is the compellingphysics, what are the requirements on beams and running time, and what is the impact on colliding beam physics running. A listof physics topics is given; one topic (Moller Scattering) is treated in more depth.NTISScattering; Collisions; Beams (Radiation)

20010104360 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAMeeting Tight Frequency Requirement of Rounded Damped Detuned StructureLi, Z.; Jan. 22, 2001; 4p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784840; SLAC-PUB-8719; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Following successful design and fabrication of damped detuned structures, the R&D for the accelerating structures of theNLC/JLC linear collider project proceeded to studies of Rounded Damped Detuned Structure with curved cross section of thecavity shape for increased shunt impedance. The important features of the structure are the accurately tuned accelerating modefrequency and the distribution of the first dipole modes smooth and close to the design distribution. These requirements were metbased on the high-accuracy diamond turning with its capability to realize the periphery tolerance of two microns. The lowest dipolemode frequencies scattered by 0.6 MHz RMS. The error in the accelerating mode frequency averaged over a structure was 0.1MHz by applying a feed-forward method.NTISBypasses; Circuits; Fabrication

20010104361 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USASlac parallel tracking code development and applicationsMcCandless, B. C.; Jan. 19, 2001; 4p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784839; SLAC-PUB-8718; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The increase in single processor speed based on Moore’s law alone will not be able to deliver the dramatic speedup neededin many beam tracking simulations to uncover very slowly evolving effects in a reasonable time. SLAC has embarked on an effortto bring the power of parallel computing to bear on such computations with the goal to reduce the turnaround time by orders ofmagnitude so that the results may impact present facilities and future machine designs. This poster will describe the approaches

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adopted for parallelizing the LIAR code and the ION-MAD code. The scalability of these tracking codes and their furtherimprovement will be discussed.NTISLinear Accelerators; Parallel Processing (Computers); Beam Interactions

20010104362 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USASpin Depolarization due to Beam-Beam Interaction in NLCThompson, K. A.; Jan. 04, 2001; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784837; SLAC-PUB-8716; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Calculations of spin depolarization effects dues to the beam-beam interaction are presented for several NLC designs. Thedepolarization comes from both classical (Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi precession) and quantum (Sokolov-Ternov spin-flip)effects. It is anticipated that some physics experiments at future colliders will require a knowledge of the polarization to betterthan 0.5% precision. We compare the results of CAIN simulations with the analytic estimates of Yokoya and Chen for head-oncollisions. We also study the effects of transverse offsets and beamstrahlung-induced energy spread.NTISDepolarization; Precession; Beam Interactions

20010104363 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USANature of e(g) electron Order in La(1-x)SR(1+x)MnO(4)*Larochelle, S.; Jan. 08, 2001; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784836; SLAC-PUB-8710; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The primary superlattice reflections are strongly suppressed along the modulation direction and the higher harmonics areweak, implying the existence of a largely transverse and nearly sinusoidal structural distortion, consistent with a charge densitywave of the eg electrons.NTISElectrons; Density (Number/Volume); Electric Charge; Harmonics

20010104364 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAProduction of pi(carat)+-, K(carat)+- and p/p(bar) in quark and gluon jetsKang, H.; Jan. 08, 2001; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784835; SLAC-PUB-8687; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We present measurements of identified charged hadron production over a wide momentum range using the SLD CherenkovRing Imaging Detector. In addition to studying flavor-inclusive Z0 decays, we compare particle production in decays into light,c and b flavors and compare production in gluon jets with that in light quark jets, where the jet flavors are selected using precisionvertex information.NTISQuarks; Gluons; Imaging Techniques

20010104365 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAB Decay Charm Counting Via Topological VertexingChou, A. S.; Jan. 04, 2001; 4p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784834; SLAC-PUB-8686; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

An outstanding puzzle in beta decay physics is that the theoretical prediction for the semileptonic branching ratio is somewhatlarger than the currently measured values. A simple resolution of this puzzle is for the non-semileptonic decay amplitude to belarger than expected, thus enhancing the total decay cross section and reducing the predicted semileptonic decay rate.NTISBeta Particles; Decay Rates; Particle Decay; Radioactive Decay

20010104366 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USASimulation of the Beam-Beam Effects in e+e- Storage Rings with a Method of Reducing the RegionCai, Y.; Jan. 11, 2001; 19p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784833; SLAC-PUB-8589; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

A highly accurate self-consistent particle code to simulate the beam-beam collision in e+e- storage rings has been developed.It adopts a method of solving the Poisson equation with an open boundary. The method consists of two steps: assigning the

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potential on a finite boundary using the Green’s function, and then solving the potential inside the boundary with a fast Poissonsolver. Since the solution of the Poisson’s equation is unique, our solution is exactly the same as the one obtained by simply usingthe Green’s function. The method allows us to select much smaller region of mesh and therefore increase the resolution of thesolver. The better resolution makes more accurate the calculation of the dynamics in the core of the beams. The luminositysimulated with this method agrees quantitatively with the measurement for the PEP-II B-factory ring in the linear and nonlinearbeam current regimes, demonstrating its predictive capability in detail.NTISBeam Interactions; Prediction Analysis Techniques; Storage Rings (Particle Accelerators); Particle Collisions

20010104367 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USASurface Roughness ImpedanceStupakov, G.; Dec. 21, 2000; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784801; SLAC-PUB-8743-B; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The next generation of linac-based free electron lasers will use very short bunches with a large peak current. For such beams,the impedance caused by submicron imperfections in the vacuum beam tube may generate an additional energy spread within thebunch. A review of two mechanisms of the roughness impedance is given with the emphasis on the importance of the high-aspectratio property of the real surface roughness.NTISSurface Roughness; Linear Accelerators; Vacuum Tubes

20010104368 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAMonte Carlo Event Generator DPMJET-IIIRoesler, S.; Dec. 14, 2000; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784800; SLAC-PUB-8740; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

A new version of the Monte Carlo event generator DPMJET is presented. It is a code system based on the Dual Parton Modeland unifies all features of the DTUNUC-2, DPMJET-II and PHOJET1.12 event generators. DPMJET-III allows the simulationof hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, nucleus-nucleus, photon-hadron, photon-photon and photon-nucleus interactions from a fewGeV up to the highest cosmic ray energies.NTISMonte Carlo Method; Nuclear Interactions; Hadrons

20010104370 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAB Decays to Hadronic Final States Including D(*)s and D*Brau, B.; Dec. 11, 2000; 5p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784798; SLAC-PUB-8733; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The study of D(*(sub8)) production in B decays allows us to understand the mechanisms leading to the creation of cs quarkpairs.NTISCollisions; Hadrons; Weak Interactions (Field Theory)

20010104371 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USASearch for B(sub O)(sup s) Oscillations at SLDJaros, J. A.; Dec. 01, 2000; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784793; SLAC-PUB-8723; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The SLD experiment at the SLAC Linear Collider has updated three searches for the time dependence of B(0sub8)oscillations. One search uses events with a reconstructed D8 meson; a second search uses events with a lepton and a topologicallyidentified charmed meson; and the third uses events in which both a secondary and a tertiary vertex are distinguished.NTISCharm (Particle Physics); Oscillations; Time Dependence

20010104472 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USAPossible Quantum Mechanical Effect on Beam EchoChao, A.; Dec. 07, 2000; 8p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784795; SLAC-PUB-8726; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

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The echo effect in charged particle beams provides a link between macroscopic measurable beam parameters and microscopicphase space motion of the beam. Since quantum mechanics dictates a granularization of the phase space, it influences how thephase space behaves microscopically, and thus potentially affect how the echo effect behaves macroscopically. In this study, wepropose to examine the possible measurable macroscopic effects of quantum mechanics on beams through its echo effect.NTISQuantum Mechanics; Particle Beams; Charged Particles

20010104488 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USANonlinear Stage of the Microbunching by Coherent Synchrotron RadiationHeifets, S. A.; Jan. 29, 2001; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784849; SLAC-PUB-8758; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Coherent synchrotron radiation can lead to the microwave instability. In this note, we consider saturation of the most unstablemode close to the threshold of instability.NTISCoherent Radiation; Synchrotron Radiation; Beam Interactions

20010105282 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAHeat Capacity Measurements in Pulsed Magnetic FieldsJaime, M.; Movshovich, R.; Sarrao, J. L.; Kim, J.; Stewart, G.; Oct. 23, 1998; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762287; LA-UR-98-4817; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The new NHMFL 60T quasi-continuous magnet produces a flat-top field for a period of 100 ms at 60 Tesla, and for longertime at lower fields, e.g. 0.5 s at 45 Tesla. We have developed for the first time the capability to measure heat capacity at very highmagnetic fields in the NHMFL 60T quasi-continuous magnet at LANL, using a probe built out of various plastic materials. Thefield plateau allows us to utilize a heat-pulse method to obtain heat capacity data. Proof-of-principle heat capacity experimentswere performed on a variety of correlated electron systems. Both magnet performance characteristics and physical properties ofvarious materials studied hold out a promise of wide application of this new tool.NTISMagnets; Magnetic Fields; Specific Heat

20010105283 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USADissipative Chaos and Symmetry Breaking in AC-Driven NanostructuresCampbell, D. K.; Alekseev, K. N.; Berman, G. P.; Cannon, E. H.; Dec. 07, 1998; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762108; LA-UR-98-4862; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We present results of several recent studies of the nonlinear transport and dynamics of electrons in a.c.-driven nanostructures.First, we explore electron transport in the miniband of a semiconductor superlattice (SSL) under the influence of an external,time-periodic electric field, using a semi-classical balance-equation approach that incorporates both elastic and inelastic scattering(as dissipation) and the self-consistent field generated by the electron motion. The coupling of electrons in the miniband to theself-consistent field produces a cooperative nonlinear oscillatory mode that, when interacting with the oscillatory external fieldand the intrinsic Bloch-type oscillatory mode, can lead to complicated nonlinear dynamics, including dissipative chaos andsymmetry breaking (e.g., the creation of a d.c. current in response to a purely a.c. drive).NTISAlternating Current; Broken Symmetry; Chaos; Dissipation; Electron Mobility; Electrons; Nanostructures (Devices); ParticleMotion

71ACOUSTICS

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20010100110 Air Force Inst. of Tech., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USAAcoustic Wave Sensors for the Detection of Biological ThreatsBorowski, Samuel M.; Dec. 2000; 103p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393595; AFIT-CI-01-190; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

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As we enter the twenty first century the threat of biological and chemical weapons is growing. This has been most recentlydisplayed in the aftermath of the Persian Gulf War, where soldiers have returned and been left to deal with the possibilities of beingexposed to such weapons during their time of service. With the proper detecting mechanisms such tragedies can be avoided inthe future. This requires a reliable means to monitor the battlefield so commanders may know which avenues are safe for theirtroops to maneuver through. In the past reliable detection has meant qualified personnel must carry bulky test equipment into aquestionable area; the appropriate testing is done and a hazard level is determined. Unfortunately sometimes this equipment isnot readily available, and due to the lethality of the agents in question can be too late. The question left is how can large areas ofa battlefield be monitored for contamination efficiently. This thesis will address the need for a low cost autonomous sensor thatis capable of monitoring a battlefield continuously. By presenting data and research on the use of acoustic wave sensors it willbe shown that such a biologically selective sensor is feasible. Aided with help from the recent surge in personal communicationsystems and the growth in cellular and satellite communication systems, the sensor will be able to relay its readings to anestablished headquarters so that important information is available immediately. With such information ready on demand. thebattlefield will be less hazardous for ground troops because the threat from biological weapons will be diminished.DTICSignal Detectors; Hazards; Contamination; Acoustics; Telecommunication; Biological Effects

20010100111 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USAIn-Situ Acoustic and Laboratory Ultrasonic Sound Speed and Attenuation Measured in Heterogeneous SeabedSediments: Eel Margin, CaliforniaRichardson, Michael D.; Briggs, Kevin B.; Gorgas, T. J.; Wilkens, R. H.; Frazer, N. L.; Nov. 08, 2000; 3p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393653; AB/7430-00-2007; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

We calculated in-situ and laboratory measurements of sound speed and attenuation in seafloor sediments from the shallowwater delta of the Eel River, California. This region receives a substantial volume of fluvial sediments that is discharged annuallyonto the shell. Additionally, high input of fluvial sediments during storms generates flood deposits characterized by thin-beds ofvariable grain-sizes in water depths between 40 and 90 m. Main objectives of this study were (1) to investigate signatures ofseafloor processes on geoacoustics and physical properties, and (2) to evaluate differences between geoacoustics parametersmeasured in-situ at acoustic (7.5 kHz) and in the laboratory at ultrasonic (400 kHz) frequencies. The in-situ acoustic measurementswere conducted between the 60 and 100 isobath. Wet-bulk density and porosity profiles were obtained to 1.15 meters belowseafloor (mdsf) using gravity cores of the mostly cohesive fine-grained sediments across and along shelf. Our physical andgeoacoustics property measurements from six selected sites on the Eel margin showed (1) Sound speed and wet bulk densitystrongly correlated.DTICUnderwater Acoustics; Acoustic Velocity; Acoustic Measurement; Oceanographic Parameters

20010100112 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USAHigh-Frequency Volume Scattering from Gassy SedimentsRichardson, Mike; Wood, W. T.; Mar. 28, 2000; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393655; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Measurements of values of sediment physical properties, bubble volume, and bubble size distribution are used to predictfrequency-dependent sound speed and attenuation in the fine-grained gassy sediments of Eckernforde Bay, Baltic Sea. Acousticmodels 1-3 predict, at acoustic frequencies well-above resonance, that sound speed is unaffected by bubbles and scattering frombubbles dominates attenuation. At frequencies well below resonance, sound speed is much lower than bubble-free sediments andattenuation is dominated by scattering from impedance contrasts. Near-resonance sound speed varies greatly with frequency andattenuation is very high. Given the highly variable spatial and temporal distribution of bubble volume, bubble size, and bubblesize distribution in Eckernfdrde Bay, the agreement between theoretical predictions and acoustic measurements is remarkablygood.DTICAcoustic Scattering; Acoustic Velocity; Sediments

20010100113 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USASeasonal Temperature Gradients Within a Sandy Seafloor: Implications for Acoustic Propagation and ScatteringJackson, Darrell R.; Richardson, Michael D.; Nov. 10, 2000; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393656; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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Seafloor temperatures measured during the SAX99 experiment off Fort Walton Beach, Florida included sharp decreases inresponse to the passage of cold fronts. Sediment pore water temperatures exhibited an increasing temperature (3-40 C/m) withdepth in the sediment. by fitting a heat conduction model to the gradient data, the thermal diffusivity of the sediment was estimatedto be 0.006 sq cm/s. The effects of seasonal variations of sediment thermal gradients on reflection and scattering from thesediment-water interface are found to be significant at frequencies near 1 kHz but diminish at higher frequencies.DTICSediments; Acoustic Scattering

20010100115 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USAAcoustic Propagation in Gassy SedimentsRichardson, Mike; Wood, Warren; Mar. 23, 2000; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393660; PP/7430-00-0010; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Gas bubbles are ubiquitous in organic-rich, muddy sediments of coastal waters and shallow adjacent seas (Judd and Hovland,1992; Richardson and Davis, 1998). Depths and horizontal distributions of these gas-charged sediments are usually determinedfrom seismic profiling. The presence of gas bubbles often impedes acoustic characterization of sediments below the gas horizonand terms such as acoustic masking or blanking, acoustic turbidity, bright spots, wipeouts, and pulldowns are used to characterizethese gas- charged sediments. Acoustic turbidity also produces anomalously high acoustic backscattering from the seafloor (Lyonset al., 1996; Tang, 1996) degrading the effectiveness of high-frequency sonar. Models of acoustic- bubble interactions infine-grained sediments developed by Anderson and Hampton (1980) have been corroborated by laboratory (Gardner, 2000) andfield (Wilkens and Richardson, 1998; Lyons et al., 1996; Tang, 1996, Anderson et al., 1998) experiments. In this paper, we modelthe effects of bubble volume, bubble size and bubble distribution on sound speed and attenuation in the well-characterizedsediments of Eckernforde Bay, Baltic Sea and from experiments recently conducted in Cape Lookout Bight, North Carolina. Thesetwo areas constitute the best known and most studied area of gassy sediment in the world (Richardson and Davis, 1998; Martenset al., 1998) thus providing the ideal settings for such comparisons.DTICAcoustic Velocity; Sediments; Acoustic Propagation; Backscattering

20010100118 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USABiological and Hydrodynamic Control of Seafloor Roughness: Implications to High-Frequency Acoustic Scattering, 3-8Dec. 2000Richardson, Michael D.; Briggs, Kevin B.; Williams, Kevin; Jan. 1999; 2p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393672; AB/7430-00-0014; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Biological and hydrodynamic processes can both create arid destroy seafloor microtopography. As part of the SAX99experiments, natural and artificial temporal changes in seafloor roughness were monitored acoustically and quantified usingbottom stereo photographs. Feeding activities of benthic megafauna and fish destroyed large-scale roughness features generatedby ocean surface gravity waves within a period of weeks to months: whereas, fine-scale roughness created by raking the seafloordecayed to background levels within 24 hours. The effects of fine-scale roughness increased acoustic scattering centered atone-half the acoustic wavelength (a ”Bragg” wavelength of 2 cm) by 12-18 dB in artificial manipulations of the bottom. Thesechanges were restricted to roughness that was oriented predominantly orthogonal to the incident acoustic waves, Alternatively,seafloor roughness generated by ocean surface gravity waves had wavelengths of 50-100 cm and wave heights of 10-15 cm Thesepredictable large-scale roughness features should, by analogy, critically increase scattering at lower acoustic frequencies (near1-2 kHz! and decay within weeks to months after storm events.DTICSurface Roughness; Acoustic Scattering; Hydrodynamics; Acoustic Frequencies; Surface Waves; Topography; Ocean Bottom

20010100119 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USAEffects of Macrofauna on Acoustic Backscatter from the Seabed: Field Manipulations in West Sound, Orcas Island, WA,USASelf, Robert F.; Hearn, Patrick A.; Jumars, Peter A.; Jackson, Darrell R.; Richardson, Michael D.; Jun. 15, 2001; 26p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393673; NRL/JA/7430-01-0007; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Previous observations with a bottom-mounted, radially scanning sonar (BAMS) at 40 kHz suggested that macrofaunalactivities influence low-angle, acoustic backscatter from seafloor sediments. In order to test that possibility experimentally, wemeasured and modeled time series of backscatter strength at both 40 and 300 kHz prior to manipulation and then introduced severalmacrofaunal species at known abundances to randomly selected locations within the ensonified area. We worked in West Sound,

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Orcas Island, WA, at a water depth of 20.4m and for the more frequently recorded 40-kHz series extracted effects by the time-seriesmethod known as ”intervention analysis”, wherein the intervention was the experimental alteration. We observed increasedbackscatter from patches of the small protobranch bivalve Acila castrensis, and of the cockle Clinocardium nuttali, from bait usedas chum for fishes and crabs, and from tethered crabs (Cancer magister); other treatments showed no significant change. All ofthe effective treatments involved increased backscatter at 300 kHz from animals that have obvious hard parts or air bladders.Power calculations for intervention analysis and geoacoustic modeling suggest that failure of other treatments to show nosignificant effects on backscatter strength stems from the small size of the organisms and structures used relative to the 40-kHzwavelength (3.7cm)and to low sound-speed contrasts between surficial sediments at this site and overlying water (at bothfrequencies), producing low backscatter levels from both volume heterogeneity and surface microtopography. This experimentdemonstrates, however, that low-angle acoustic backscatter can be used to observe at least some populations of benthic animalsover a large area (ca. 8000m2) and that intervention analysis can be a useful tool where logistics permit repeated observation butfew or no spatial replicates - frequently the case in ecological manipulations.DTICAcoustic Scattering; Sediments; Diaphragms (Mechanics); Abundance

20010100120 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAConstruction and Testing of a Modern Acoustic Impedance TubeO’Malley, Sean P.; Jun. 2001; 152p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393679; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The acoustic impedance of a material describes its reflective and absorptive properties. Acoustic impedance may be measuredin a wide variety of ways. This thesis describes the construction and testing of an acoustic impedance measurement tube whichemploys modem Fourier Transform techniques. Two methods are employed for acoustic impedance measurement using thisapparatus. One technique uses a two-microphone continuous excitation method and the other uses a single microphone transientexcitation method. Simple acoustic theory is used to derive equations for both methods. MATLAB computer programs aredeveloped using these equations, to provide graphical results of acoustic impedance measurements over a frequency range fora given material, from raw data. A procedure is subsequently developed for using this apparatus using to make acoustic impedancemeasurements. The performance of this device is evaluated by making measurements utilizing both methods on three samplematerials and also with the end of the tube open to the atmosphere (referred to as an open tube measurement). The open tubemeasurements are compared with theoretical values. The results using both approaches compared favorably with the open tubetheoretical values. Additionally both approaches agreed reasonably well with each other for the three sample materials.Performance at frequencies below 500 Hz, however, yielded deficient results, indicating a need for development of a filter forbetter accuracy.DTICAbsorption; Acoustic Impedance; Impedance Measurement; Excitation

20010100406 Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Maritime Operations Div., Fishermans Bend, AustraliaRemoval of Range-Dependent Artifacts from Sidescan Sonar ImageryAnstee, Stuart; Apr. 2001; 27p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393168; DSTO-TN-0354; DSTO/AMRL-AR-011-850; Copyright; Avail: Defense Technical InformationCenter (DTIC)

A ’radiosity correction’ algorithm to improve the quality of sidescan sonar mosaics is reported. The algorithm removesconsistent range-dependent variations from sidescan sonar imagery caused by failure of the TVG (time-varying gain) tocompletely compensate for variations due to transducer beam profiles and sediment backscatter strength. The correction isappropriate to high-frequency sidescan sonars with constant gain characteristics, such as the Klein 5000. The algorithm appearsrobust in situations where the bottom is relatively flat and the towfish altitude does not change much.DTICSediments; Sonar; Algorithms; Sound Detecting and Ranging

20010100943 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USAScattering of High-Frequency Acoustic Energy from Discrete Scatterers on the Seafloor: Glass Spheres and Shells, 9-11Apr. 2000Richardson, Michael E.; Briggs, Kevin B.; Williams, Kevin L.; Jackson, Darrell R.; Jan. 1999; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393646; PP-7430-00-200; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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Shells and shell debris are common at the water/seafloor interface. Quantifying the scattering from shells is thus importantfor predicting high frequency backscattering from the seafloor. A backscattering experiment is described in which glass beads(radius equal to 1.75 cm) and shells (largest dimension tip to about 10 cm) were placed near a bottom-mounted sonar andbackscattering examined as a function of the number of discrete scatterers Supported by Office of Naval Research - USADTICAcoustic Scattering; Backscattering; Acoustic Emission; Predictions; Sound Waves

20010100945 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USAEffects of Changing Roughness on Acoustic Scattering: (2) Anthropogenic ChangesRichardson, Michael E.; Briggs, Kevin B.; Lyons, Anthony; Williams, Kevin; Jackson, Darrell; Jan. 1999; 9p; In English; Prepared incollaboration with University of Washington, Applied Physics Lab., Seattle WA and Pennsylvania State Univ., Applied Research Lab., StateCollege, PA.Report No.(s): AD-A393650; NRL/PP/7430-00-2001; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Deliberate modification of bottom roughness including smoothing to eliminate centimeter scale natural roughness and rakingto induce quasiperiodic roughness was investigated using diver observation, quantification of bottom roughness from Stereophotography, and measurement of acoustic backscattering strength. At 40 kHz. raking perpendicular to the acoustic line-of-sightwith a tine spacing equal to one-half wavelength increased scattering by 12-18 dB which decayed to background levels within24 hours due to biological modification of seafloor roughness. Raking parallel to the acoustic line-of-sight had little effect.Measured and modelled acoustic scattering strengths are not in total agreement suggesting a failure of perturbation theory for theseroughness conditions.DTICSurface Roughness; Acoustic Scattering; Man Environment Interactions; Acoustic Measurement

20010101180 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USAEvaluation of Alternative Communication Schemes Using Environmentally Adaptive AlgorithmsAthanasiou, Christos; Jun. 2001; 94p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A393622; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Time-varying multi path propagation in a shallow underwater environment causes intersymbol interference in high-speedunderwater acoustic (UWA) communications. Combating this effect is considered to be the most challenging task requiring largeadaptive filters and increasing the computational burden at the receiver end. This thesis presents results of an in-tank experimentand data analysis performed off-line to examine, evaluate, and compare the robustness of Time-Reversal Approach toCommunications (TRAC) and the Matched Environment Signaling Scheme (MESS) in different conditions, such as noise, surfacewaves and range changes between the receiver and transmitter. Both methods examined can environmentally adapt the acousticpropagation effects of a UWA channel. The MESS method provides a communications solution with increased computationalcomplexity at the receiver end but gives higher data rates and is more robust to the presence of noise, surface waves, and rangechanges than the TRAC method. On the other hand, the TRAC method manages to accomplish secure communications with lowcomputational complexity at the receiver.DTICUnderwater Acoustics; Intersymbolic Interference; Acoustic Propagation; Adaptive Control

20010103393 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USAAnalysis of a Four-Station Doppler Tracking Method Using a Simple CW BeaconFricke, Clifford L., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Watkins, Carl W. L., NASA Langley Research Center, USA; April 1961; 44p;In EnglishReport No.(s): NASA-TN-D-748; L-1234; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A Doppler tracking method is presented in which a very small, simple CW beacon transmitter is used with four Dopplerreceiving stations to obtain the position and velocity of a space research vehicle. The exact transmitter frequency need not beknown, but an initial position is required, and Doppler frequencies must be measured with extreme accuracy. The errors in thesystem are analyzed and general formulas are derived for position and velocity errors. The proper location of receiving stationsis discussed, a rule for avoiding infinite errors is given, and error charts for ideal station configurations are presented. The effectof the index of refraction is also investigated. The system is capable of determining transmitter position within 1,000 feet at a rangeof 200 miles.

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AuthorPosition (Location); Research Vehicles; Transmitters; Beacons; Orbital Velocity; Continuous Radiation; Doppler Effect;Spacecraft Tracking

20010103545 Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA USABandwidth Optimization of Underwater Acoustic Communications SystemsHoudeshell, Jack E.; Mar. 2001; 54p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A391477; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Current underwater acoustic communication systems operate in the frequency band of 1 - 10 kHz and utilize various formsof signal processing to improve data rates. In this work, the influence of the environment on long-range propagation of acousticsignals will be examined over the band of 1-5 kHz. The transmission loss (Th) as a function of range over the bandwidth will beone measure to determine the optimal operating character of the communications channel. Additionally, estimates of signalvariance over the bandwidth as a function of range will be computed. The variance will be generated from source platform motionand interface roughness. Particular attention will be paid to the 2 - 4 kHz band of certain operating systems for long-rangetransmissionDTICUnderwater Acoustics; Signal Processing; Sound Transmission; Sound Waves; Communication; Bandwidth

20010104354 Helsinki Univ. of Technology, Materials Physics Lab., Espoo FinlandAcoustic Loss Mechanisms in Leaky Saw Resonators on Lithium TantalateKoskela, J.; Knuuttila, J. V.; Makkonen, T.; Plessky, V. P.; Salomaa, M. M.; Jun. 30, 2000; 38pReport No.(s): PB2001-108054; TKK-F-A801; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche

The authors discuss acoustic losses in synchronous leaky surface-acoustic resonators on rotated Y-cut lithium tantalatesubstrates. Laser probe measurements and theoretical methods are employed to identify and characterize the radiation of leakywaves into the busbars of the resonator and the excitation of bulk-acoustic waves. Escaping LSAWs lead to a significant increasein the conductance, typically occurring in the vicinity of the resonance and in the stopband, but they do not explain theexperimentally observed deterioration of the electric response at the antiresonance. At frequencies above the stopband thegeneration of fast shear bulk-acoustic waves is the dominant loss mechanism.NTISResonators; Antennas; Tantalum Compounds; Laser Applications; Acoustic Excitation; Lithium Compounds

20010105244 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USAOptimization of Ultrasonic Fabric CleaningHand, T. E.; May 13, 1998; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-16606; KCP-613-6078; DE98-053027; C/ASKC-96-KCP-1044; No Copyright; Avail: Department ofEnergy Information Bridge

The fundamental purpose of this project was to research and develop a process that would reduce the cost and improve theenvironmental efficiency of the present dry-cleaning industry. This second phase of research (see report KCP-94-1006 forinformation gathered during the first phase) was intended to allow the optimal integration of all factors of ultrasonic fabriccleaning. For this phase, Garment Care performed an extensive literature search and gathered data from other researchersworldwide. The Garment Care-AlliedSignal team developed the requirements for a prototype cleaning tank for studies andacquired that tank and the additional equipment required to use it properly. Garment Care and AlliedSignal acquired thetransducers and generators from Surftran Martin-Walter in Sterling Heights, Michigan. Amway’s Kelly Haley developed the testprotocol, supplied hundreds of test swatches, gathered the data on the swatches before and after the tests, assisted with the cleaningtests, and prepared the final analysis of the results. AlliedSignal personnel, in conjunction with Amway and Garment Care staff,performed all the tests. Additional planning is under way for future testing by outside research facilities. The final results indicatedrepeatable performance and good results for single layered fabric swatches.NTISFabrics; Cleaning; Optimization; Ultrasonic Radiation

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72ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS

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20010099688 Air Force Inst. of Tech., School of Engineering and Management, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH USASolving the Protein Structure Prediction Problem With Fast Messy Genetic Algorithms (Scaling the Fast Messy GeneticAlgorithm to Medium-Sized Peptides by Detecting Secondary Structures)Michaud, Steven R.; Mar. 2001; 259p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391910; AFIT/GCS/ENG/01M-06; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A12, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

The ability to accurately predict a polypeptide’s molecular structure given its amino acid sequence is important to numerousscientific, medical, and engineering applications. Studies have been conducted in the application of Genetic Algorithms (GAs)to this problem with promising initial results. In this thesis report, we use the fast messy Genetic Algorithm (fmGA) to attemptto find the minimization of an empirical CHARMM energy model and generation of the associated conformation. Previous workhas shown that the fmGA provided favorable results, at least when applied to the pentapeptide Met-Enkephalin. We extend theseresults to a larger Polyalinine peptide by utilizing secondary structure information as both searching constraints and seeding theinitial population. Additional efforts where conducted to improve the performance of the algorithm with respect to solving theProtein Structure Prediction (PSP) problem through a short-circuiting operator--where complete evaluation of the fitness functionis halted if initial results are not promising, and by conducting additional searches on faster machines in a heterogeneousenvironment. Results indicate that, on average, this localized search tends to produce better final solutions. Finally, the fmGA asapplied to the PSP problem is analyzed and shown to have improved performance and effectiveness.DTICPeptides; Molecular Structure; Amino Acids; Genetic Algorithms

20010102647 Argonne National Lab., IL USAStructure of the Goldstone BosonsHolt, R. J.; Reimer, P. E.; Oct. 10, 2000; 8p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-766312; ANL/PHY/CP-102981; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The feasibility of measuring the pion and kaon structure functions has been investigated. A high luminosity electron-protoncollider would make these measurements feasible. Also, it appears feasible to measure these structure functions in a nuclearmedium. Simulations using the RAP GAP Monte Carlo of a possible pion structure function measurement are presented.NTISBosons; Nuclear Particles; Computerized Simulation; Standard Model (Particle Physics)

20010102649 Puerto Rico Univ., Dept. of Physics, Mayaguez, Puerto RicoSpectroscopic Studies of Novel Materials for Display and NLO Applications Final Report, 1 Sep 1996-31 May 2001Liu, Huimin; Aug. 08, 2001; 68p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-96-1-0416Report No.(s): AD-A393587; ARO-36379.37-MS-DPS; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

During the grant period our research was organized into three thrust areas: Material preparation; nonlinear opticalcharacterization; and luminescence studies on display materials. We successfully prepared, KN, KTN, SBN etc. photorefractivematerials in the form of thin films using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique through collaboration with the professor sharingour laboratory. We also used sol-gel technique and laser-pedal crystal growth to prepare some luminescent material and Lowvoltage cathodoluminescent phosphors. During the period we systematically studied the ultrafast nonlinear optical response withthe purpose of searching for larger third-order nonlinearity, and found significant enhancement of SBN in the form of thin film.Based on the experimental observation a charge-transferred-vibronic model was successfully developed. We also discoveredvalence switching by charge carriers produced in CB and captured by ions residing on the boundary surface in nanostructuredmaterials. The study of luminescent materials for display applications was extended to SRAl2O4: CaAl4O7:Eu(3+).Eu(2+),Dy(3+), and long lifetime display materials were developed. It was found that the excitation by high UV flux can producehigher density of electrons near the grain boundary, which may further enhance the indirect transition probability or increaseenergy transfer from surface states to the SA centers of the host.DTICNonlinear Optics; Spectroscopy; Pulsed Laser Deposition; Grain Boundaries; Energy Transfer; Crystal Growth;Cathodoluminescence

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20010102760 Michigan Univ., Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ann Arbor, MI USALaser System for Nano-Optical Spectroscopy and Optical Manipulation of Semiconductor Quantum Dots Final Report,25 Mar. 1999-24 Mar. 2001Steel, Duncan G., Michigan Univ., USA; March 2000; 5p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-99-1-0031Report No.(s): AD-A393897; ARO-39296.1-PH-RIP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This program was used to acquire the necessary optical and electronic hardware to build a versatile Ti-Sapphire laser basedpulsed shaping system for applications to studies of semiconductor quantum dots for quantum computing. The system has alreadybeen used to enable the first report of spectral hole burning in self-assembled quantum dots. Future experiments will use theadaptive capability of this system to implement coherent control technique for to increase the clock speed for quantum computingapplications in quantum dots.DTICQuantum Dots; Quantum Computation; Laser Spectroscopy

20010102906 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USAStatus report on the development of instrumentation for bunch by bunch measurement and optimization of luminosityin the LHCTurner, W. C.; May 01, 2000; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764385; LBNL-45549; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This LBNL report is a compilation of the 24 papers presented by Indoor Environment Department researchers and ourcollaborators at other institutions at the 8th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality & Climate (Indoor Air 99), held inEdinburgh, Scotland, August 8-13, 1999. These papers represent a cross-section of a substantial part of the ongoing research inthe department.NTISConferences; Indoor Air Pollution; Luminosity; Scotland

20010103769 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USAUse of magnetic buckets for ion beam profile tailoringMacGill, R. A.; Vizir, A.; Brown, I. G.; Apr. 01, 1999; 16p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764338; LBNL-43112; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Magnetic multiple plasma confinement geometries employing permanent magnet ’buckets’ are used extensively for a rangeof laboratory plasma applications. Among the several consequences for plasma confinement is the important result that the plasmacan acquire a more-or-less flat density profile, which when embodied in an ion source can lead to a flat profile for the extractedion beam also. For many applications a uniform ion beam current density profile is quite advantageous, for example for carryingout large-area ion implantation. There are, however, inherent limitations on the extent to which this approach to beam’homogenization’ can be utilized, and even for a perfectly flat profile in the immediate postextraction region, the beam will evolvetoward gaussian as it propagates downstream. Here we describe the rare-earth permanent magnet bucket that we’ve incorporatedinto our broad-beam vacuum arc icon source, and its effect on the beam profile at the extractor and downstream. The experimentalresults are compared with a simple model for the beam profile evolution with axial distance.NTISIon Beams; Beam Currents; Plasmas (Physics)

20010103777 Argonne National Lab., IL USAConstraints on the Proton’s gluon density from lepton-pair productionBerger, E. L.; Klasen, M.; Sep. 20, 2000; 5p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764271; ANL-HEP-CP-00-098; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

Massive lepton-pair production, the Drell-Yan process, should be a good source of independent constraints on the gluondensity, free from the experimental and theoretical complications of photon isolation that beset studies of prompt photonproduction. We provide predictions for the spin-averaged and spin-dependent differential cross sections as a function of transversemomentum Q(sub T).NTISGluons; Protons; Density (Number/Volume)

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20010104348 Technische Univ., Computer Architecture and Digital Tec, Delft, NetherlandsCharmonium Formation in Two-Photon Collisionsvan Rhee, T.; Jun. 10, 1972; 146p; In EnglishReport No.(s): PB2002-100074; Copyright; Avail: National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Microfiche

Particle physics is the study of the fundamental constituents of matter and the interactions between these constituents. Thequestion of what matter is made of has interested people for a long time. Ancient Greek philosophers already proposed that mattershould consist of four constituents: earth, water, fire, and air. Since that time, many discoveries were made and many new theorieswere developed. Currently, the experimental observations in particle physics are well described by the Standard Model. Thismodel states that all matter is built up from quarks and leptons, which are infinitely small and cannot be divided into smallerconstituents. The six leptons and six quarks are grouped into three ’families’ of two leptons and two quarks each. In the first family,one finds the up (u) and down (d) quarks, of which protons and neutrons are built, and the well-known electron (e).NTISElementary Particle Interactions; Charm (Particle Physics); Photons

20010104650 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAOvercoming Thermal Shock Problems in Liquid TargetsTaleyarkhan, R. P.; Kim, S. H.; Jun. 01, 2000; 5p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771553; P00-106500; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Short pulse accelerator-driven neutron sources such as the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) employ high-energy protonbeam energy deposition in heavy metal (such as mercury) over microsecond time frames. The interaction of the energetic protonbeam with the mercury target leads to very high heating rates in the target. Although the resulting temperature rise is relativelysmall (a few (degree)C ), the rate of temperature rise is enormous ((approximately)10(sup 7) C/s) during the very brief beam pulse((approximately)0.58 (micro)s). The resulting thermal-shock induced compression of the mercury leads to the production of largeamplitude pressure waves in the mercury that interact with the walls of the mercury target and the bulk flow field. Safety-relatedoperational concerns exist in two main areas, viz., (1) possible target enclosure failure from impact of thermal shocks on the walldue to its direct heating from the proton beam and the loads transferred from the mercury compression waves, and (2) impact ofthe compression-cum-rarefaction wave-induced effects such as cavitation bubble emanation and fluid surging. Preliminary stressevaluations indicate stress levels approaching yielding conditions and beyond in select regions of the target. Also, the inductionof cavitation (which could assist in attenuation) can also release gases that may accumulate at undesirable locations and impairheat transfer.NTISProton Beams; Heavy Metals; Targets; Thermal Shock; Cavitation Flow; Energy Transfer; Flow Distribution

20010104653 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USANuclear Dependence of J/w and w ProductionLee, W. M.; Awes, T. C.; Stankus, P. W.; Young, G. R.; Aug. 24, 1998; 5p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771536; P00-106675; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

FNAL E866/NuSea has made a number of measurements of J/(psi) and (psi)(prime) production by 800 GeV protons on fixedtargets of Be, Fe and W. Preliminary results are presented and discussed in the context of nuclear effects such as energy loss andmultiple scattering of the partons, absorption of the produced c(bar c) pairs, and shadowing. Production mechanisms involvingcolor-singlet or color-octet states for the c(bar c) pair which eventually forms a J/(psi) or (psi)(prime) have implications on thestrength of absorption in the nucleus. These nuclear dependence studies arc critical in furthering the authors understanding of theseprocesses towards future measurements at RHIC and the LHC, where J/(psi) suppression is predicted to be an important signatureof the creation of quark-gluon plasma in heavy-ion collisions.NTISNuclear Physics; Production; Plasmas (Physics); Ionic Collisions; Energy Dissipation

20010104654 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAd/u Asymmetry in the Nucleon SeaGagliardi, C. A.; Awes, T. C.; Stankus, P. W.; Young, G. R.; Aug. 24, 1998; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771522; P00-106676; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Fermilab E866 has performed a precise measurement of the ratio of Drell-Yan yields from an 800 GeV/c proton beam incidenton hydrogen and deuterium targets, leading to the first determinations of (bar d)-(bar u) and (bar d)-(bar u) in the proton asfunctions of (chi). The results show that (bar d) and (bar u) over a broad range of (chi) and provide valuable information regarding

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the origins of the (bar d)/(bar u) asymmetry and the antiquark sea in the nucleon. No known symmetry requires equality of the(bar d) and (bar u) distributions in the proton. However, until recently it had been generally assumed that (bar d)((chi)) (approx)(bar u)((chi)), where (chi) is the fraction of the proton’s momentum (Bjorken-(chi)) carried by the antiquark, based both on theassumption that the majority of the antiquark sea in the nucleon originates from gluon splitting into q - (bar q) pairs and the lackof experimental evidence to the contrary. The first clear evidence that (bar d) (ne) (bar u) came from the NMC measurements ofthe structure functions F(sub 2)(sup p)((chi)) and F(sub 2)(sup n)((chi)) in deep-inelastic muon scattering on hydrogen anddeuterium.NTISAsymmetry; Nucleons; Deuterium; Inelastic Scattering; Muons

20010104660 Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USACooling and Trapping of Atoms and Particles Final Report, 1 Oct. 1997-31 Mar. 2001Chu, Steven; Mar. 31, 2001; 7p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0219; AF Proj. 2301Report No.(s): AD-A391460; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0364; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

We showed that it is possible to cool atoms in a one dimensional optical lattice using to a novel degenerate sideband coolingtechnique. This method was then extended to a three dimension optical lattice. With this method, we are able capture all the atomsin a MOT and directly cool them to the photon recoil temperature at phase space densities of 1/500 using low powered (20 mW)diode laser beams. This represents a 2 1/2 order of magnitude increase in phase space density over the best form of grey opticalmolasses.DTICCooling; Trapping; Interferometry; Charged Particles; Atoms; Trapped Particles; Laser Beams

20010104667 Colorado Univ., Dept. of Chemistry, Boulder, CO USAPyridinium-Coupled Porphyrin-Based Molecular Grid Membrane Final Report, 1 Jun. 1998 - 31 May 2001Michl, J.; Jul. 31, 2001; 8p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-0310Report No.(s): AD-A393590; Rept-153-4017; ARO-37675.14-CH; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

Several types of molecular connectors have been synthesized and used for the preparation of two kinds of regulartwo-dimensional molecular grids on liquid surfaces. The connectors are connected into square or hexagonal networks byhydrogen-bonding couplers such as hydroquinones or by mercury cations. The electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and scanningtunneling imaging of the structures have been investigated, and in some cases extensive long-range order was observed. Inaddition, the relation between the conformation of saturated linear silicon chains and their electronic states have been investigatedby methods based on photophysics, spectroscopy, and quantum theory.DTICMolecules; Electrochemistry; Synthesis (Chemistry); Membranes; Porphyrins; Electron States

20010105180 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USADesign of an Ogive-Shaped BeamstopVan Hagan, T. H.; Doll, D. W.; Schneider, J. D.; Spinos, F. R.; Aug. 23, 1998; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762099; LA-UR-98-3612; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This paper addresses the evolution, design, and development of a novel approach for stopping cw (continuous-wave),non-rastered proton beams. Capturing the beam in vacuo within a long, axisymmetric surface of revolution has the advantagesof spreading the deposited energy over a large area while minimizing prompt neutron backstreaming and reducing shield size andmass. Evolving from a cylinder/cone concept, the ogive shape avoids abrupt changes in geometry that produce sharp thermaltransitions, allowing the beam energy to be deposited gracefully along its surface. Thermal management at modest temperaturelevels is provided with a simple, one-pass countercurrent forced-convection water passage outside the ogive. Hydrophone boilingsensors provide overtemperature protection. The concept has been demonstrated under beam conditions in the CRITS (ChalkRiver Injector Test Stand) facility.NTISProton Beams; Design Analysis; Continuous Radiation; Ogives; Stopping

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20010105184 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USAAb-Initio Studies of AlSb(001) Adatom Behavior and ReconstructionModine, M. A.; Kim, H.; Kaxiras, E.; Aug. 29, 2000; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-761885; SAND2000-2172C; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

We discuss a recent investigation of adatom behavior on the AlSb(001) surface using first-principles electronic structuremethods based on the density functional theory. For Al and Sb adatoms, we find a number of novel adatom structures that differdramatically from previous results for the superficially similar group-III arsenides. In particular, we conclude that it isenergetically favorable for an Al adatom to incorporate substitutionally into the outermost layer of the AlSb surface. Thisobservation helps motivate a proposed new reconstruction for the AlSb(001) surface.NTISElectronic Structure; Thin Films; Aluminum Compounds; Antimony Compounds; Atoms

20010105198 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USADesign and Development of the LEDA Slow Wire Scanner Profile MeasurementOHara, J. F.; Power, J. F.; Ledford, J.; Gilpatrick, J. D.; Stettler, M.; Aug. 31, 1998; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-16836; KCP-613-6071; DE98-059409; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

The Low Energy Demonstration Accelerator (LEDA) (1, 2) is being developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory as partof the Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) project. One of the diagnostics being developed to commission LEDA (3) is aslow wire scanner beam profile measurement. Initial profile measurements will be made at 6.7 MeV beam energy and 100 mAbeam current. The wire scanner is an interceptive device that will move two silicon carbide coated graphite mono-filament fibers(wires) through the beam, in order to obtain the profile. Some of the design considerations discussed are; Mechanical design, wiretemperature analysis, secondary electron detection, signal processing, and system control.NTISScanners; Design Analysis; Fabrication; Measure and Integration; Signal Processing; Beams (Radiation)

20010105221 Texas Univ., Arlington, TX USAResearch in experimental elementary particle physics. A proposal to the U.S. Department of EnergyWhite, A. P.; De, K.; Draper, P. A.; Stephens, R.; Apr. 13, 1995; 98p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763287; DOE/ER/40691-1-VOL-1; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

We report on the activities of the High Energy Physics Group at the University of Texas at Arlington for the period 1994-95.We propose the continuation of the research program for 1996-98 with strong participation in the detector upgrade and physicsanalysis work for the D0 Experiment at Fermilab, prototyping and pre-production studies for the muon and calorimeter systemsfor the ATLAS Experiment at CERN, and detector development and simulation studies for the PP2PP Experiment at Brookhaven.NTISElementary Particles; High Energy Interactions

20010105222 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USATrapping Radioactive Atoms for Basic and Applied ResearchVieira, D.; Crane, S.; Jan. 01, 2000; 10p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763265; LA-UR-00-123; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

With the great advances in our ability to trap, cool and manipulate neutral atoms, we have a wonderful new tool with whichto undertake high-precision and/or ultra-sensitive experiments. Herein we highlight the application of atom trapping technologyto the trapping of radioactive atoms.NTISAtoms; Trapping; Neutral Atoms; Radioactivity

20010105223 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAMonte Carlo Advances for the EOLUS ASCI ProjectHendrick, J. S.; McKinney, G. W.; Cox, L. J.; Jan. 01, 2000; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763256; LA-UR-00-54; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The Eolus ASCI project includes parallel, 3-D transport simulation for various nuclear applications. The codes developedwithin this project provide neutral and charged particle transport, detailed interaction physics, numerous source and tally

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capabilities, and general geometry packages. One such code is MCNPW which is a general purpose, 3-dimensional,time-dependent, continuous-energy Monte Carlo fully-coupled N-Particle transport code. Significant advances are also beingmade in the areas of modern software engineering and parallel computing. These advances are described in detail.NTISMonte Carlo Method; Computer Programming; Parallel Processing (Computers); Software Engineering; Time Dependence

20010105242 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USACoherent Coupling Criterion for Three-Dimensional Halo FormationRyne, R. D.; Qiang, J.; Hofmann, I.; Mar. 29, 1999; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-761236; LA-UR-99-2181; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

In this paper we study coupling between the transverse and longitudinal degrees-of-freedom in intense, rms mis-matchedcharged particle beams. We find that a coherent (2:1, i.e., parametric) resonance between the transverse and longitudinal mismatcheigenmodes has the effect that a transverse ’breathing mode’; mismatch can excite a longitudinal mismatch and halo. If theresonance condition is not satisfied we find practically no coupling. We compare results obtained with the 3D rms envelopeequations in a uniform focusing channel with those obtained using large scale, 3D parallel Particle-In-Cell (PIC) simulations.NTISCharged Particles; Halos; Particle Beams; Coupling

20010105267 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USARelativistic Electron Transport Through Carbon FoilsSeliger, M.; Tokesi, K.; Reinhold, C. O.; Bugdorfer, J.; Aug. 04, 2000; 10p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771401; P00-108635; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We present a theoretical study of convoy electron emissions resulting from transmission of relativistic 390 MeV/amu Ar17+ions through carbon foils of various thicknesses. Our approach is based on a Langevin equation describing the random walk ofthe electron initially bound to the argon nucleus and later in the continuum. The calculated spectra of ejected electrons in theforward direction exhibits clear signatures of multiple scattering and is found to be in good agreement with recent experimentaldata.NTISElectron Transfer; Relativistic Particles; Foils (Materials); Electrons

20010105273 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USASubcritical Neutron Multiplication Measurements of HEU Using Delayed Neutrons as the Driving SourceHollas, C. L.; Goulding, C. A.; Myers, W. L.; Sep. 20, 1999; 10p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-761233; LA-UR-99-2192; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

A new method for the determination of the multiplication of highly enriched uranium systems is presented. The method usesdelayed neutrons to drive the HEU system. These delayed neutrons are from fission events induced by a pulsed 14-MeV neutronsource. Between pulses, neutrons are detected within a medium efficiency neutron detector using He-3 ionization tubes withinpolyethylene enclosures. The neutron detection times are recorded relative to the initiation of the 14-MeV neutron pulse, andsubsequently analyzed with the Feynman reduced variance method to extract singles, doubles and triples neutron counting rates.Measurements have been made on a set of nested hollow spheres of 93% enriched uranium, with mass values from 3.86 kg to 21.48kg. The singles, doubles and triples counting rates for each uranium system are compared to calculations from point kineticsmodels of neutron multiplicity to assign multiplication values. These multiplication values are compared to those from MC NPK-Code calculations.NTISNeutrons; Helium Isotopes; Ionization; Uranium; Neutron Counters

20010105469 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USALow Energy (e,2e) Ionization of Argon in the Equal Energy Sharing GeometryMazevet, S.; Vien, G. N.; Tannous, C.; Sep. 18, 2000; 12p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762705; LA-UR-00-4321; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Quantum Defect (QD) information is widely exploited in modern spectroscopy, to characterize Rydberg states and in thecalculation of the photoionization cross sections of various atomic and molecular species. In the present work, we show that QDinformation, used within the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) frame-work, might also prove useful for thedescription of ionization processes by presenting an alternative way to account for the short range interactions (static and

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exchange) in the calculation of the final state continuum distorted waves. The range of validity of this approach reaches beyondthat 3 of the commonly used Furness-McCarthy local exchange approximation 4. Compared to the determination of theHartree-Fock non-local operator 5, which becomes rapidly a tedious task as the size of the target increases, our method allowsfor a target-independent procedure which can be readily applied to much larger atomic or molecular systems.NTISArgon; Atmospheric Chemistry; Born Approximation; Photoionization; Gas Ionization; Distortion

73NUCLEAR PHYSICS

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20010099879 Argonne National Lab., IL USAExperiments with radioactive beams at ATLASRehm, K. E.; Ahmad, I.; Blackmon, J.; Borasi, F.; Caggiano, J.; Oct. 02, 2000; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-766295; ANL/PHY/CP-102263; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

Various beams of short- and long-lived radioactive nuclei have recently been produced at the ATLAS accelerator at ArgonneNational Laboratory, using either the so-called In-Flight or the Two-Accelerator method.NTISIon Beams; Radioactive Isotopes; Ion Accelerators; Nuclear Radiation

20010100258 Pennsylvania Univ., Medical Image Processing Group, Philadelphia, PA USAA Computational Approach Toward Identification of Malignant Lesions of the Human Breast: The Dynamics of MagneticResonance Imaging Contrast Agent Uptake Annual ReportKaufman, Jonathan H.; Leigh, John S.; Sep. 2000; 167p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAMD17-98-1-8231Report No.(s): AD-A391318; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A08, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Breast tumors have a higher sodium content than normal tissue. Thus, sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) couldprove to be a valuable non-invasive diagnostic for Breast Cancer. MRI is commonly used in clinical settings to image the interiorof the human body. Currently, all clinical MRI protocols are sensitive to water or fat. Adjustments to MRI equipment can enablethe technology to be sensitive to sodium. This research presents the results of technical developments within MRI tonon-invasively image sodium content in a human breast. This imaging technology, in combination with existing MRI techniques,could lead to a new method for screening and staging the progression of breast cancer.DTICDiagnosis; Magnetic Resonance; Imaging Techniques; Sodium; Cancer; Mammary Glands

20010105186 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA USALarge applications and challenges of state-of-the-art superconducting RF (SRF) technologiesNov. 01, 1997; 12p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-548740; DOE/ER/40150--1193; JLAB-ACC--97-28; DE98-001155; No Copyright; Avail: Departmentof Energy Information Bridge

Various applications of superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) accelerating structures in many fields around the world areintroduced. These applications consist of high energy physics, nuclear physics, free electron lasers, energy amplifiers, nuclearmaterials and the treatment of radioactive wastes. A review of recent development of SRF technologies is presented. The authorsalso briefly discuss the future prospects of SRF technologies and applications.NTISNuclear Physics; Radio Frequencies; Superconductivity

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20010105208 Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL USAHigh energy physics Progress Report, 1 Jul. 1996 - 30 Jun. 1997Jul. 31, 1997; 84p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764080; DOE/ER/40319-1-VOL-1; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

In this document the High Energy Physics Group reviews its accomplishments during the past few years and presents plansfor continuing research during the next several years.NTISHigh Energy Interactions; Research

20010105256 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAPU Disposition in Russian VVERs: Physics Studies of Lead Test Assembly DesignEllis, R. J.; May 07, 2000; 18p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771483; P00-106294; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

As part of Fissile Materials Disposition Program (FMDP) physics support was given to the design of a mixed oxide fuels(MOX) lead test assembly (LTA) for use in Russian VVER nuclear reactors. This paper discusses some of the pertinent findingsand assessments for two distinct LTA designs for weapons-grade (WG) Pu dispositioning in Russian VVER-1000 nuclear reactors.The two assessed MOX LTA designs are the graded-zone full MOX LTA and the Island LTA (two central zones of MOX pinssurrounded by UO2 pins). The process of optimizing the graded Pu-content by zone in the fuel assembly is discussed. Eigenvalueand power peaking comparisons are made as a function of fuel burnup. Zero-power reactivity effects were calculated for thedifferent LTA options. For the ORNL results, the n,(gamma)-transport lattice physics code HELIOS-1.4 was used with nucleardata libraries (based on ENDF/B-VI) in 89 and 190 neutron energy groups. Some comparisons are made between the ORNLHELIOS results and corresponding Russian LTA calculations by the RRC-KI (Kurchatov Institute) using the code TVS-M. Alsoin this paper, pertinent results are discussed from a study of void reactivity effects for LEU, RG MOX and WG MOX fuels in PWRand VVER-1000 nuclear reactors. These void reactivity calculations were performed for a large range of LEU enrichments (2-20wt% U-235), and large ranges of Pu-content (2-20 wt% Pu) in RG and WG MOX fuel.NTISPlutonium; Reactivity; Reactor Physics

20010105259 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAShielding Benchmark Computational AnalysisHunter, H. T.; Slater, C. O.; Holland, L. B.; Tracz, G.; Marshall, W. J.; Sep. 17, 2000; 8p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771417; P00-107854; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Over the past several decades, nuclear science has relied on experimental research to verify and validate information aboutshielding nuclear radiation for a variety of applications. These benchmarks are compared with results from computer code modelsand are useful for the development of more accurate cross-section libraries, computer code development of radiation transportmodeling, and building accurate tests for miniature shielding mockups of new nuclear facilities. When documentingmeasurements, one must describe many parts of the experimental results to allow a complete computational analysis. Both oldand new benchmark experiments, by any definition, must provide a sound basis for modeling more complex geometries requiredfor quality assurance and cost savings in nuclear project development. Benchmarks may involve one or many materials andthicknesses, types of sources, and measurement techniques. In this paper the benchmark experiments of varying complexity arechosen to study the transport properties of some popular materials and thicknesses. These were analyzed using three-dimensional(3-D) models and continuous energy libraries of MCNP4B2, a Monte Carlo code developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory,New Mexico. A shielding benchmark library provided the experimental data and allowed a wide range of choices for source,geometry, and measurement data.NTISRadiation Transport; Radiation Shielding; Three Dimensional Models; Transport Properties

20010105270 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAVerification of MCNP and DANT/sys With the Analytic Benchmark Test SetParsons, D. K.; Sood, A.; Forster, R. A.; Little, R. C.; Sep. 20, 1999; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762718; LA-UR-99-2566; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The recently published analytic benchmark test set has been used to verify the multigroup option of Monte Carlo NeutronProton (MCNP) and also the deterministic Diffusion-Accelerated Neutral-Particle Transport (DANT)/sys series of codes for

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criticality calculations. All seventy-five problems of the test set give values for K(sub eff) accurate to at least five significant digits.Flux ratios and flux shapes are also available for many of the problems. All seventy-five problems have been run by both theMCNP and DANT/sys codes and comparisons to K(sub eff) and flux shapes have been made.NTISNeutrons; Photons; Transport Properties; Program Verification (Computers)

20010105280 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USACriticality Safety Information Resource Center (CSIRC) at Los Alamos National LaboratoryHenderson, B. D.; Meade, R. A.; Pruvost, N. L.; Sep. 20, 1999; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762500; LA-UR-99-2228; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The Criticality Safety Information Resource Center (CSIRC) at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is a programjointly funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in conjunction withthe Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) Recommendation 97-2. The goal of CSIRC is to preserve primarycriticality safety documentation from U.S. critical experimental sites and to make this information available for the benefit of thetechnical community. Progress in archiving criticality safety primary documents at the LANL archives as well as efforts to makethis information available to researchers are discussed. The CSIRC project has a natural linkage to the International CriticalitySafety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP). This paper raises the possibility that the CSIRC project will evolve in a fashionsimilar to the ICSBEP. Exploring the implications of linking the CSIRC to the international criticality safety community is themotivation for this paper.NTISRadiation Protection; Safety Management

74OPTICS

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20010099595 Arizona Univ., Dept. of Mathematics, Tucson, AZ USAInteractive and Large Scale Supercomputing Simulations in Nonlinear Optics Final Report, 1 Apr. 2000 - 31-Mar. 2001Moloney, J. V.; Mar. 31, 2001; 2p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-00-1-0190Report No.(s): AD-A393010; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0425; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The DURIP ’99 initiative award was used primarily far a major upgrade of a dual rack ONYX2 Silicon Graphics system. Theupgrade consisted in purchasing 8 of the newest generation of 400 MHz CPUs, converting one of ONYX2 racks into a fully loaded16-processor Origin 2000/2400 system and moving both high performance graphics heads into the top half of the remainingONYX2 rack. The existing 14 processor system consisted of a mix of 6 195 MHz and 8250 MHz CPUs running in a system with6 Gigabytes of memory. In addition, Silicon Graphics replaced our existing mix of 14 195 and 250 MHz CPUs by 14300 MHzCPUs at no added cost. The new system provides a state-of-the-art graphical visualization and computing capability. It also offerscost-effective upgrade route. The reconfigured in-house supercomputing engine provides a significant boost to our past andongoing AFOSR-funded research projects.DTICNonlinear Optics; Supercomputers; Computerized Simulation; Computation

20010099876 Department of the Navy, Washington, DC USAHybrod Brillouin/Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier Apparatus and MethodStrutz, Shane J., Inventor; Williams, K. J., Inventor; Jul. 30, 2001; 23p; In EnglishPatent Info.: Filed 30 Jul. 2001; US-Patent-Appl-SN-09,916,498Report No.(s): AD-D019951; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity (Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)), Microfiche

A method and apparatus to enable the use of low cost high RIN optical sources for microwave photonic links by combiningthe wide-gain bandwidth and low cost of an EDFA, with the narrow gain bandwidth of a Brillouin amplifier. The hybridBrillouin/EDEA (”hybrid amplifier”) apparatus of the present invention includes at least two couplers, a phase modulator, anErbium-doped fiber, a laser source to pump the Erbium fiber, an optical circulator, and a length of fiber used for Brillouinamplification. Optical signals from the laser source are split into two optical paths by a polarization maintaining coupler. Opticalsignals passing through a first path are amplified by the Erbium doped fiber, and the amplified signals are passed through the

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optical circulator before sending the optical signals into one end of a spool of fiber in order to pump the Brillouin acoustic wave.Optical signals that follow a second path are phase modulated in a phase modulator at the Brillouin frequency and injected intoan opposite end of the fiber spool in order to seed the Brillouin amplifier and improve its low frequency stability. The output ofthe Brillouin section of the hybrid amplifier is directed through the optical circulator, and the output may be used as an opticalsource for a-photonic link.DTICFiber Optics; Optical Communication; Laser Outputs

20010100455 Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA USAOptical SOLO Autonomous Profiler Development and Operation Deployment in the Japan-East Sea Final Report, 15 Feb.1999-14 Feb. 2001Mitchell, B. G.; Sherman, Jeffrey T.; Aug. 10, 2001; 6p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): N00014-99-1-0348Report No.(s): AD-A393888; SIO-99-1258; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

We developed a unique system, called K-SOLO, that is an integration of the Sounding Oceanographic Lagrangian Observer(SOLO) and a profiling 3-wavelength downwelling irradiance% (Ed) sensor (Biospherical Instruments PER-300). The systemmeasures temperature and allows calculation of spectral diffuse attenuation coefficients (K) at 380, 490 and 555 nm from the depthderivative of downwelling irradiance (e.g. K = -1/ED dEd/dz). Data is relayed via satellite when the unit is on the surface. bymeasuring K rather than absolute radiometric quantities or inherent optical properties, the system is not sensitive to changes incalibration or bio-fouling. K-SOLO was deployed from RN Khromov in the Sea of Japan near 410 degrees N and 1340 degreesE in March, 2000 and transmitted profiled data every second day until the middle of August, 2000. The unit was caught by aJapanese fishing vessel and recently returned to SIO. The SOLO unit suffered major damage and can not be re-utilized. Theradiometer is being assessed.DTICAttenuation Coefficients; Irradiance; Oceanography; Optical Properties; Remote Sensing

20010103775 Argonne National Lab., IL USAFuture metrology needs for FEL reflective opticsAssoufid, L.; Sep. 21, 2000; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764274; ANL/UPD/CP-102943; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

An International Workshop on Metrology for X-ray and Neutron Optics has been held March 16-17, 2000, at the AdvancedPhoton Source, Argonne National Laboratory, near Chicago, Illinois (USA). The workshop gathered engineers and scientists fromboth the U.S. and around the world to evaluate metrology instrumentation and methods used to characterize surface figure andfinish for long grazing incidence optics used in beamlines at synchrotrons radiation sources. This two-day workshop wasmotivated by the rapid evolution in the performance of x-ray and neutron sources along with requirements in optics figure andfinish. More specifically, the performance of future light sources, such as free-electron laser (FEL)-based x-ray sources, is beingpushed to new limits in term of both brilliance and coherence. As a consequence, tolerances on surface figure and finish of thenext generation of optics are expected to become tighter. The timing of the workshop provided an excellent opportunity to studythe problem, evaluate the state of the art in metrology instrumentation, and stimulate innovation on future metrology instrumentsand techniques to be used to characterize these optics. This paper focuses on FEL optics and metrology needs. (A morecomprehensive summary of the workshop can be found elsewhere.) The performance and limitations of current metrologyinstrumentation will be discussed and recommendations from the workshop on future metrology development to meet the FELchallenges will be detailed.NTISFree Electron Lasers; Reflection; Metrology; Optics

20010103994 Argonne National Lab., IL USASimple and effective modification of a sagittally focusing x-ray diffraction opticTajiri, G.; Khounsary, A.; Mancini, D.; Sep. 21, 2000; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764272; ANL/UPD/CP-102922; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

Some experiments performed at bending magnet beamlines at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) will benefit from a focusedphoton beam. A commercial sagittal focusing bender that uses a simple rectangular plate as the diffraction element could be

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utilized for this purpose. However, the thin rectangular diffracting plate, specified by the manufacturer, is susceptible to anticlasticbending. A simple ribbed plate that utilizes this commercial bender that reduces anticlastic bending is proposed as a solution. Thisdesign uses a pair of sufficiently stiff ribs on the diffracting surface, which substantially suppresses anticlastic bending. The finiteelement analysis (FIW) method was used to predict the overall structural response of this sagittally bent plate and its anticlasticdistortion. Results are compared with unribbed plates showing an effective reduction in anticlastic bending.NTISX Ray Diffraction; Photon Beams; Beams (Radiation)

20010104402 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USASome New Approaches to Solving Constrained Transfer Line Matching ProblemsWoodley, M. D.; Jan. 22, 2001; 4p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784838; SLAC-PUB-8717; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

A common type of matching problem involves finding the strengths for four (4) quadrupoles in a transfer line, that willtransport a particular beam at the entrance, to produce a beam at the exit of the line with a specified set of horizontal and verticalTwiss parameters. A number of optics programs may be used to find a solution to this type of problem, but the quadrupole strengthsobtained are not always satisfactory or optimal with regard to other requirements. The non-uniqueness of the solutions (differentsolutions have different phase advances) offers the possibility that some of these other requirements could be used to differentiatebetween solutions. The constrained, nonlinear, optimization program NPSOL has been integrated into a software package thatcan use the outputs of various optics codes to formulate nonlinear constraints and objective (merit) functions. The package hasbeen used to look for different solutions for the SLAC transfer lines between linac sectors 1 and 2 for three configurationsinvolving (a) the electron damping ring, (b) the damping ring bypass, and (c) the positron damping ring. The software is brieflydescribed and a summary of selected results obtained to date is presented.NTISLinear Accelerators; Applications Programs (Computers); Bypasses; Nonlinearity

20010105215 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAMolecular Architectural Approach to Novel Electro-Optical MaterialsLi, D.; Johal, M. S.; Smilowitz, L. B.; Robinson, J. M.; Jun. 29, 1999; 17p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763892; LA-UR-99-2683; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This is the final report of a three-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los AlamosNational Laboratory (LANL). The goal is to construct polar multilayers with nonlinear optical coefficients larger than classicalinorganic crystals such as KDP or quartz. The strategy is to use various chemical interactions such as covalent bonds or hydrogenbonding to build polar structures. We have synthesized novel barbituric acid and melamine derivatives that will spontaneouslyself-assemble into a supramolecular ribbon according to their complementary H-bond motif. This supramolecular ribbon can thenstack into a polar multilayer structure as verified by sum frequency generation (w(sub 1)+w(sub 2)) or second harmonic generation(when w(sub 1)=w(sub 2)). Second harmonic generation yields a value of d(sub 33)=3.2 pm/V for the self-assembled films andsum frequency generation shows a net polar orientation of the methyl groups in the multilayer along the surface normal. X-raydiffraction confirms the layered structure and produces the periodicity of (approximately)41 A, which corresponds well to thewidth of the supramolecular ribbons ((approximately)40 A).NTISElectro-Optics; Crystals; Methyl Compounds; Nonlinearity; Quartz

20010105226 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAOptical Measurement of Photosensitizer Concentration Using a Probe with a small source-detector separationCanpolat, M.; Mourant, J. R.; Jan. 01, 2000; 12p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763252; LA-UR-00-22; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We present a novel minimally invasive method to measure the concentration of photodynamic therapy drugs in real time. Themethod is based on measurements of backscattered and fluorescence light using a steady state fluorescence spectrometer. The ratioof the fluorescence to scattered light is found to be linearly proportional to the absorption coefficient of the photosensitizer. Thefiber-optic probe used for the measurements has a small source-detector separation, therefore the measurements could beperformed through the working channel of an endoscope.NTISPhotosensitivity; Optical Measurement; Backscattering; Endoscopes; Fiber Optics

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20010105249 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USAEffect of hydrogen insertion on the optical properties of PD-coated magnesium lanthanidesvonRottkay, K.; Rubin, M.; Michalak, F.; Armitage, R.; Richardson, T.; Sep. 01, 1998; 12p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771636; LBNL-42277; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

Metallic magnesium lanthanide thin films upon insertion of hydrogen transform to a highly transparent hydride phase. Witha Pd overlayer, the transformation is accompanied by a large change in visible reflectance (about 50%). The optical switchingeffect in these materials is investigated in terms of changes in the complex refractive index as determined by variable-anglespectroscopic ellipsometric and normal-incidence radiometric measurements over the solar spectrum.NTISMagnesium Compounds; Optical Properties; Hydrogen; Thin Films; Lanthanum Compounds; Rare Earth Compounds

20010105285 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAHigh-Damage-Threshold Pinhole for Glass Fusion Laser ApplicationsKumit, N. A.; Letzring, S. A.; Johnson, R. P.; Jun. 07, 1998; 8p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762102; LA-UR-98-3626; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We are investigating methods to fabricate high-damage-threshold spatial-filter pinholes that might not be susceptible toplasma closure for relatively high energies and long pulses. These are based on the observation that grazing-incidence reflectionfrom glass can withstand in excess of 5 kJ/sq cm (normal to the beam) without plasma formation. The high damage thresholdresults from both the cos q spreading of the energy across the surface and the reflection of a large fraction of the energy from thesurface, thereby greatly reducing the field strength within the medium.NTISLaser Applications; Pinholes; Solid State Lasers; Fabrication; Glass Lasers; Plasmas (Physics)

75PLASMA PHYSICS

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20010100383 Maxwell Technologies, Inc., Federal Div., Albuquerque, NM USAField Reversed Configuration Formation Simulations with MACH2 Final Report, 16 May-30 Nov 2000Markin, George J., Maxwell Technologies, Inc., USA; Frese, Michael H., Maxwell Technologies, Inc., USA; December 2000;22p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): F29601-00-D-0055; AF Proj. 5797Report No.(s): AD-A389090; AFRL-DE-TR-2001-1001; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Microfiche; A03, Hardcopy

A Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) plasma is formed by applying a modest magnetic bias field to a gas, then ionizingthe gas, and quickly applying a larger field of opposite polarity. The theta pinch that results can produce a magnetically insulatedplasma of hundreds of electron volts in temperature. Simulations of this experiment can now be performed using the 21/2-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code MACH2. This report describes the modifications to the code employed andsimulations performed to test the model that explores three different anomalous resistivity models and three different initialdensities for one of those models.DTICMagnetic Fields; Gas Ionization; Plasmas (Physics)

20010100407 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Laser Produced Plasma Physics Dept., Warsaw, PolandInternational Workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasmas Final ReportOct. 14, 2000; 49p; In English, 12-14 Oct. 2000, Kudowa Zdroj, PolandContract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-01-WF-005Report No.(s): AD-A393175; EOARD-CSP-01-5005; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The Final Proceedings for International Workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasmas-IWDMP’2000, 12 October 2000 - 14October 2000. This is an interdisciplinary conference. Topics include (1) Components; (2) Particle Technology; (3) Synthesis,Production and Processing; and (4) Characterization of Dense Magnetized Plasmas.DTICParticle Energy; Procedures; Dense Plasmas

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20010103250 Naval Research Lab., Washington, DC USALangmuir Probe Measurement Techniques and Data Analysis for LAPPSBlackwell, D. D.; Walton, S. G.; Leonhardt, D.; Fernsler, R. F.; Jun. 11, 2001; 17p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391704; NRL/MR/6752.01-8551; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Langmuir probe diagnostics have been applied to an inductively coupled test discharge as part of the diagnostics developmenteffort for the Large Area Plasma Processing System at NRL. The method of calculating electron energy from the EEDF derivedfrom the probe second derivative is compared with more traditional methods of fitting the probe characteristics to a knownfunction assuming a Maxwellian distribution. It is shown that under some circumstances the local plasma around the probe canbe perturbed such that fewer electrons are sourced to the probe than theory would predict for a non-perturbing diagnostic, resultingin a higher average electron energy.DTICData Processing; Coupling; Maxwell-Boltzmann Density Function; Electrostatic Probes

20010103770 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USASome consequences to ion source behavior of high plasma drift velocityBrown, I. G.; Monteiro, O. R.; Bilek, M. M. M.; Keidar, M.; Oks, E. M.; Apr. 01, 1999; 18p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764337; LBNL-43111; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We consider the case of energetic ion beam formation when the ion streaming velocity within the source plasma is substantial,i.e., when the ions have a drift speed (in the positive downstream direction) that is of order of or greater than the ion acoustic speedin the plasma. Some interesting consequences can follow, including the capability of a negatively biased substrate located in theplasma stream to maintain high bias voltage, and of an ion source with no extractor or ’conventionally poor’ extractor providinga kind of plasma immersion ion implantation mode of operation. Here we summarize the kind of plasma geometry in which thissituation can occur, and describe some experimental observations we’ve made of these effects, with reference to a simpletheoretical basis for the mechanism.NTISIon Sources; Plasma Drift; Drift Rate; Ion Implantation; Acoustic Velocity

20010104651 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USASignatures of Quark-Gluon Plasma Phase Transition in High-Energy Nuclear CollisionsWong, C. Y.; May 22, 2000; 12p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771552; P00-108152; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

In high-energy nuclear collisions, the new phase of the quark-gluon plasma is indicated by an anomalous increase in pressure,an excess of direct photon production, an excess of strangeness production, and an anomalous J/(psi) suppression. We review thesesignatures and discuss how recent high-energy heavy-ion experiments at CERN are consistent with the production of thequark-gluon plasma in high-energy Pb+Pb collisions.NTISSignatures; Gluons; Collisions; Plasmas (Physics)

20010104670 Princeton Univ., Dept. of Material and Aerospace Engineering, NJ USAShock Propagation and Supersonic Drag in Low Temperature Plasmas Final Report, 1 Jul. 1997 - 31 Dec. 1999Miles, Richard B.; Aug. 23, 2001; 142p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-97-1-0497Report No.(s): AD-A393624; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A07, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

This work supported the development of new diagnostic techniques, modeling, and a series of experiments designed to studythe propagation of shock waves through weakly ionized plasmas. It also supported the design and construction of a small-scale,supersonic, microwave-coupled wind tunnel to determine the effects of weakly ionized plasmas on supersonic flow propertiesand shock stand-off distances around blunt bodies. The motivation of the work was to establish whether the ions and electronsin the weakly ionized plasma affected the shock propagation, as has been claimed by some research groups.DTICWave Propagation; Supersonic Drag; Low Temperature; Shock Wave Propagation; Plasmas (Physics)

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20010105276 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAInitial Design of the 60 Megawatt Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF) Oscillator System for the University of Washington’TCS’ Field Reversed Configuration ExperimentReass, W. A.; Miera, D. A.; Wurden, G. A.; Oct. 06, 1997; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762879; LA-UR-98-135; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This paper presents the initial electrical and mechanical design of two phase-locked 30 Megawatt RMS, 150 kHz oscillatorsystems used for current drive and plasma sustainment of the Translation, Confinement, and Sustainment (TCS) field reversedconfiguration (FRC) plasma. by the application of orthogonally-placed saddle coils on the surface of the glass vacuum vessel, thephase-controlled rotating magnetic field perturbation will induce an electric field in the plasma which should counter the intrinsicohmic decay of the plasma, and maintain the FRC. Each system utilizes a bank of 6 parallel magnetically beamed ML8618 triodes.These devices are rated at 250 Amperes cathode current and a 45 kV plate voltage. An advantage of the magnetically beamed triodeis their extreme efficiency, requiring only 2.5 kW of filament and a few amps and a few kV of grid drive. Each 3.5 uH saddle coilis configured with an adjustable tank circuit (for tuning). Assuming no losses and a nominal 18 kV plate voltage, the tubes cancirculate about 30 kV and 9 kA (pk to pk) in the saddle coil antenna, a circulating power of over 33 megawatts RMS. On eachcycle the tubes can kick in up to 1500 Amperes, providing a robust phase control. DC high-voltage from the tubes is isolated fromthe saddle coil antennas and tank circuits by a 1:1 coaxial air-core balun transformer. To control the ML8618’s phase andamplitude, fast 150 Ampere totem-pole grid drivers, a hot-deck and an off hot-deck are utilized. The hot-decks use up to 6 each3CPX1500A7 slotted radial beam triodes. by adjusting the conduction angle, amplitude may be regulated, with inter-pulse timing,phase angle can be controlled. A central feedback timing chassis monitors each systems saddle coil antenna and appropriatelyderives each systems timing signals. Fiber-optic cables are used to isolate between the control room timing chassis and the remotepower oscillator system. Complete system design detail will be presented in addition to anticipated (computer generated)performance characteristics. Initial design and construction began in FY97, and will continue through FY98, with delivery to theexperiment in FY99, for commencement of physics experiments on sustaining the FRC.NTISMagnetic Fields; Oscillators; Phase Locked Systems; Phase Shift; Ground Based Control; Electric Potential; Plasmas (Physics);Plasma Control

76SOLID-STATE PHYSICS

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20010099422 California Univ., Los Angeles, CA USAA Novel TEM-Waveguide Using Uniplanar Compact Photonic Band-Gap (UC-PBG) StructureYang, F. R.; Ma, K. P.; Qian, Y.; Itoh, T.; Jan. 1999; 5p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAH04-96-1-0389Report No.(s): AD-A391184; ARO-35875.115-PH-MUR; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A novel TEM-waveguide using a photonic band-gap (PBG) structure is presented. The uniplanar compact PBG (UC-PBG)structure which realizes a magnetic surface in the stopband is used in the wave guide walls. TEM mode has been observed bymeasuring the field distribution and phase velocity of the waveguide.DTICWaveguides; Planar Structures; Energy Gaps (Solid State)

20010100404 California Univ., San Diego, Dept. of Physics, La Jolla, CA USAConstruction of an Advanced Vacuum Deposition System for Fabrication of Tunneling and Nanostructured MagneticDevices Final Report, 1 Apr. 1999 - 31Mar. 2001Dynes, Robert C.; Jun. 27, 2001; 9p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-99-1-0171; AF Proj. 3484Report No.(s): AD-A393165; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0449; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The purpose of this project was to build a deposition chamber dedicated to the fabrication of magnetic thin films and thin filmstructures to study electron transport and interactions in magnetic tunnel junctions and nanostructures. The laboratory of the PIhas the capabilities for the deposition of conventional non-magnetic metals and a laser ablation system for the deposition of oxide

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metals and superconductors, but as the interest have been moving toward the interactions of metals and superconductors withmagnetic materials, a system exclusively committed to this end was requested and built.DTICVacuum Deposition; Deposition; Thin Films; Electron Transfer; Magnetic Materials; Electron Tunneling; Nanostructures(Devices)

20010101086 Argonne National Lab., IL USANanostructured materials for microstructural control of thermal propertiesEastman, J. A.; Soyez, G.; Bai, G. R.; Thompson, L. J.; Sep. 26, 2000; 18p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-766308; ANL/MSD/CP-102957; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

Compared to many other properties of nanostructured materials such as their mechanical behavior, thermal transportproperties have received considerably less attention. Recently, however, this area has begun to attract attention. It is well knownthat conventional polycrystalline materials typically exhibit lower thermal conductivity than low-defect single crystals of the samematerial. Several investigators have realized recently that this could result in significantly reduced thermal conductivities innanostructured materials that could lead to important improvements in behavior for applications such as thermal barrier coatings(TBCS). Recent studies of grain-size dependent thermal conductivity in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), the most commonlyutilized thermal barrier material, have begun to investigate the feasibility of using nanostructured components in future-generationTBCS.NTISMicrostructure; Nanostructure (Characteristics); Mechanical Properties; Polycrystals; Thermal Conductivity

20010102548 Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA USAQuantum and Collective Effects in Information Processing and Communication Final Report, 1 Jun. - 31 Dec. 1999Marcus, Charles M.; Dec. 1999; 4p; In English; Original contains color platesContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAD19-99-1-0252Report No.(s): AD-A391449; ARO-40117.6-PH-MUR; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The original aim of this MURI was to combine an experimental effort to develop tools to manipulate quantum coherence inthe solid state. based on metallic wires, quantum point contacts, and the quantum Hall effect, with theoretical efforts aimed atunderstanding device architectures and the information capacity of quantum channels. The Marcus group aims to develop locallycontrolled magnetic fields in the vicinity of quantum point contacts and to develop novel heterostructure-based spin detectors.Both Marcus and Yamamoto have investigated the so-called 0.7 structure as a means of generating spin filtering properties andare actively pursuing the use of this feature in a quantum point contact as a spin filter. Marcus has demonstrated that the magneticorientation of the gates can be flipped using on-chip current lines. Yamamoto is presently working to realize this device in aHall-bar geometry in a high mobility GaAs heterostucture. Gershenson has focused on the role of electron spin in the 2D metalinsulator transition, which may have important implications for 2D spin-tronic transisitors in semiconductors.DTICData Processing; Quantum Hall Effect; Semiconductors (Materials); Quantum Mechanics

20010102644 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USAP-type doping of GaNWong, R. K.; Apr. 10, 2000; 99p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764386; LBNL-45553; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

After implantation of As, As + Be, and As + Ga into GaN and annealing for short durations at temperatures as high as 1500C, the GaN films remained highly resistive. It was apparent from c-RBS studies that although implantation damage did not createan amorphous layer in the GaN film, annealing at 1500 C did not provide enough energy to completely recover the radiationdamage. Disorder recovered significantly after annealing at temperatures up to 1500 C, but not completely. From SIMS analysis,oxygen contamination in the AlN capping layer causes oxygen diffusion into the GaN film above 1400 C. The sapphire substrate(Al2O3) also decomposed and oxygen penetrated into the backside of the GaN layer above 1400 C. to prevent donor-like oxygenimpurities from the capping layer and the substrate from contaminating the GaN film and compensating acceptors,post-implantation annealing should be done at temperatures below 1500 C. Oxygen in the cap could be reduced by growing theAIN cap on the GaN layer after the GaN growth run or by depositing the AIN layer in a ultra high vacuum (UHV) system

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post-growth to minimize residual oxygen and water contamination. With longer annealing times at 1400 C or at highertemperatures with a higher quality AlN, the implantation drainage may fully recover.NTISGallium Nitrides; Doped Crystals; Annealing; P-Type Semiconductors

20010104068 Virginia Univ., School of Engineering and Applied Science, Charlottesville, VA USASelf-Assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs Quantum-Dot Nanostructures: Strain Distribution and Electronic Structure FinalReport, 15 Dec. 1996 - 14 Mar. 2001Towe, E.; Stoleru, G.; Pal, D.; Jan. 2001; 64p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-97-1-0006Report No.(s): AD-A393490; UVA/525085/EE02/102; ARO-36403.1-EL; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

This document presents a simple analytical method for calculating the strain distribution in and around self-assembled(In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum-dot nanostructures. The dots are assumed to be buried in an infinite medium so that the effects of freesurfaces can be neglected. The model-based on classical continuum elasticity-is capable of handling dots of arbitrary shapes; here,however, only dots with pyramidal and truncated-pyramidal shapes are considered. The approximate shape of the dots is extractedfrom high-resolution transmission electron microscope observations. The electronic energy levels in the dots are calculated bysolving the three-dimensional effective mass Schroedinger equation. The carrier confinement potential in this equation ismodified by the strain distribution. Because the dots are in a strong confinement regime, the effects of Coulomb interactions areneglected. The calculated confined eigen-energies agree with our experimental photoluminescence data. The calculations alsosupport previous results reported by others.DTICGallium Arsenides; Nanostructures (Devices); Schroedinger Equation; Quantum Dots; Strain Rate; Indium Gallium Arsenides;Electronic Structure; Strain Distribution

20010104655 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAGlass-Like Heat Conduction in Crystalline SemiconductorsNolas, G. S.; Cohn, J. L.; Chakoumakos, B. C.; Slack, G. A.; Jun. 13, 1999; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771518; P00-107283; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The thermal conductivity and structural properties of polycrystalline and single crystal semiconductor type-1 germaniumclathrates are reported. Germanium clathrates exhibit thermal conductivities that are typical of amorphous materials. Thisbehavior occurs in spite of their well-defined crystalline structure. The authors employ temperature dependent neutron diffractiondata in investigating the displacements of the caged strontium atoms in SR(sub 8)Ga(sub 16)Ge(sub 30) and their interaction withthe polyhedral cages that entrap them. Their aim is to investigate the correlation between the structural properties and the low,glass-like thermal conductivity observed in this compound.NTISThermal Conductivity; Semiconductors (Materials); Conductive Heat Transfer; Temperature Dependence; Crystallinity

20010105183 Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM USANetwork Algorithms for Minimum Energy Fracture SurfacesHolm, E. A.; McGovney, G. N.; Sep. 05, 2000; 8p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-761893; SAND2000-2200C; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge,Microfiche

The minimum expended energy for fracture is the free energy required to form two new surfaces. For intergranular fracture,the minimum surface formation energy is complicated by the rough fracture surface, with area greater than the specimencross-section. We utilize network optimization algorithms to determine the minimum surface formation energies and surfaces intwo- and three-dimensional polycrystals. For equiaxed grains and uniform boundary strength, the minimum energy fracture areais independent of grain size and is larger than the specimen cross-section. In systems with microcracked boundaries, the fracturesurface deviates to include microcracked boundaries, creating interlocking grain conilgurations, and a unique fracture percolationthreshold is observed.NTISAlgorithms; Polycrystals; Microcracks; Percolation; Fracturing; Free Energy; Surface Energy

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20010105203 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAHigh Current Y-Ba-Cu-0 Coated Conductor Using Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition and Ion Beam AssistedDepositionSelvamanickam, V.; Carota, G.; Sep. 01, 2000; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764171; LA-UR-00-4569; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Yba2Cu3O(x) (YBCO) films have been deposited on buffered metal substrates by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition(MOCVD). Nickel alloy substrates with biaxially-textured Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) buffer layers deposited by Ion BeamAssisted Deposition (IBAD) were used. A Liquid Precursor Delivery system was designed, constructed and used in the MOCVDfacility at Intermagnetics for the reported work. A critical current (I) of 97.5A corresponding to a critical current density (J) of1.3 MA/cm(sup2) and 130 A/width of tape was achieved at 77K in self field conditions in YBCO film grown by MOCVD on IBADsubstrate.NTISMetalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition; Nickel Alloys; Substrates; Superconducting Films; YBCO Superconductors;Coatings; Conductors

20010105218 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAMechanical Behavior of Erbium Oxide Single CrystalsPetrovic, J.; Sharf, A.; Jan. 01, 2000; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763321; LA-UR-00-318; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Erbium oxide single crystals were synthesized by optical floating zone singleBoth crystal techniques. Hardness and fracturetoughness were relatively insensitive to the crystallographic indentation plane.NTISCeramics; Crystallography; Erbium

20010105251 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USALow Temperature Anomaly of LO Phonons in La(1.85)Cu3O7Egami, T.; McQueeney, R. J.; Peetrov, Y.; Vethiraj, M.; Shirane, G.; Jan. 07, 1998; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771592; P00-108247; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

Inelastic neutron scattering measurements of La(1.85)SR(0.15)CuO4 and Yba2Cu3O7 show that the dispersion of the highenergy LO phonon mode along the (1,0,0) direction is strongly temperature dependent, and at low temperatures develops ananomalous feature indicative of dynamic cell-doubling. The anomaly does not change through superconducting transition andgradually disappears between 50 and 250 K in LSCO. Possible implications are discussed.NTISInelastic Scattering; YBCO Superconductors; Superconductors (Materials); Phonons; Low Temperature Physics

20010105255 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAFractal Approach in Petrology: Combining Ultra-Small Angle (USANA) and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS)LoCelso, F.; Triolo, F.; Triolo, A.; Lin, J. S.; Lucido, G.; Oct. 14, 1999; 5p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771559; P99-105707; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

Ultra small angle neutron scattering instruments have recently covered the gap between the size resolution available withconventional intermediate angle neutron scattering and small angle neutron scattering instruments on one side and opticalmicroscopy on the other side. Rocks showing fractal behavior in over two decades of momentum transfer and seven orders ofmagnitude of intensity are examined and fractal parameters are extracted from the combined USANS and SANS curves.NTISNeutron Scattering; Petrology; Rocks; Fractals

20010105258 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USACdS Nanocrystals Formed in SiO(sub 2) Substrates by Ion ImplantationDesnica, U. V.; Ivanda, M.; Gamulin, O.; Tonejc, A. M.; White, C. W.; May 30, 2000; 8p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771421; P00-107544; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

In this work CdS nanocrystals were formed in SiO2 substrates by implantation of Cd and S atoms (up to 1017/sq cm) andsubsequent annealing (up to 900 C). The implanted and annealed layer was studied by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV transmittanceand reflectance measurements (energy range 1.4-6.5 eV), and Raman Spectroscopy. Upon annealing all methods proved thesynthesis of CdS crystallites from the starting components, and the features characteristic of the CdS-phase were strongly

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consistently dependent on ion dose and annealing temperature. The analysis of the results shows that by implantation andpost-implantation treatment the average size of CdS crystallites can be controlled, and that smaller CdS nanocrystals are obtainedfor lower doses and lower annealing temperatures.NTISIon Implantation; Substrates; Nanocrystals; Annealing

20010105262 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USANanocrystal Thickness Information from Z-Stem: 3-D Imaging in One ShotKadavanich, A. V.; Kippeny, T.; Erwin, M.; Rosenthal, S. J.; Pennycook, S. J.; Nov. 29, 1999; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771410; P00-106827; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The authors have applied Atomic Number Contrast Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (Z-Contrast STEM)towards the study of colloidal CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in MEH-PPV polymer films. For typical nanocrystalthicknesses, the image intensity is a monotonic function of thickness. Hence an atomic column-resolved image providesinformation both on the lateral shape of the nanocrystal, as well as the relative thickness of the individual columns. They showthat the Z-Contrast image of a single CdSe nanocrystal is consistent with the predicted 3-D model derived from consideringHRTEM images of several nanocrystals in different orientations. They further discuss the possibility of measuring absolutethicknesses of atomic columns if the crystal structure is known.NTISCrystal Structure; Atomic Structure; Cadmium Selenides; Imaging Techniques; Semiconductors (Materials); Three DimensionalModels

20010105263 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAZ-Contrast Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy as a Tool for Interface Analysis in Nanocrystal-PolymerNanocompositesKadavanich, A. V.; Kippeny, T.; Erwin, M.; Rosenthal, S. J.; Pennycook, S. J.; Nov. 29, 1999; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771409; P00-106826; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We have applied Atomic Number Contrast Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (Z-Contrast STEM) towards thestudy of colloidal CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals embedded in MEH-PPV polymer films as used for a prototype photovoltaicdevice. Atomic resolution imaging reveal both the lateral shape and thickness profile of nanocrystals embedded in the film.Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) at sub-nanometer resolution was used to investigate the chemical composition at thenanocrystal polymer surface. We find evidence for oxygen aggregation at the interface, consistent with at maximum onemonolayer of surface oxide on the nanocrystals.NTISTransmission Electron Microscopy; Chemical Analysis; Nanocrystals; Nanocomposites; Chemical Composition

20010105268 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USACrystallographic Groups, Groupoids, and OrbifoldsJohnson, C. K.; Sep. 11, 2000; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771400; P00-108740; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

In this note, we first discuss the relationship among crystallographic lattice groups, space groups, and point groups by usinga short exact sequence, then in footnotes indicate the classification of those groups. We then introduce screw and glide groupoidsas an extension of point groups in a new exact sequence, and list the one-translational-dimension screw and glide groupoids, whichrequire torus and truncated cylinder projection representations in addition to the spherical projection used for point groups. Wethen briefly discuss the two and three translational dimension groupoids associated with the remaining point groups. Examplesof space groups and their groupoid based nomenclature, which is mainly the extended Hermana-Mauguin internationalcrystallographic nomenclature system plus a specific type of coset decomposition, are then given. Next the crystallographicorbifolds are defined and some application problems associated with orbifolds discussed. Finally, the derivation of might be calledorbifoldoids is suggested as future research.NTISCrystallography; Crystal Lattices

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20010105271 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USACharacteristic Features of the Exotic Superconductors: Evidence for a Common Pairing MechanismBrandow, B.; May 31, 1999; 14p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-762710; LA-UR-99-2561; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

We report on a comprehensive examination of the exotic superconductors (the materials so-labelled by Uemura andco-workers) to determine as far as possible the true systematics among their many anomalous features. In the crystal-chemistryaspects as well as in the electronic properties, we find features which appear to be universal for these materials, and also featureswhich are clearly not universal but which are common enough to be considered typical for these materials. A number ofimplications are presented. It appears that all of these materials are sharing some ’new’ pairing mechanism, usually in additionto the conventional phonon mechanism.NTISSuperconductors (Materials); Physical Chemistry

20010105595 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USARelationship Between Structure and Luminescent Properties of Epitaxial Grown Y(sub 2)O(sub 3): Eu Thin Films onLaAlO(sub 3) SubstratesGao, H. J.; Duscher, G.; Fan, X.; Pennycook, S. J.; Kumar, D.; Nov. 29, 1999; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771411; P00-106796; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Cathodoluminescence images of individual pores have been obtained at nanometer resolution in europium-activated yttriumoxide (Y2O3:Eu) (001) thin films, epitaxially grown on LaAlO3 (001) substrates. Comparison with Z-contrast images, obtainedsimultaneously, directly show the ’dead layer’ to be about 5 nm thick. This ’dead layer’ is the origin of the reduced emissionefficiency with increasing pore size. Port sizes were varied by using different substrate temperatures and laser pulse repetitionrates during film growth. These films are epitaxially aligned with the substrate, which is always Al terminated.NTISSubstrates; Thin Films; Cathodoluminescence

77PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS

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20010099584 Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., Lincoln Lab., Lexington, MA USASolid State Research Quarterly Report, 1 Nov. 2000-31 Jan. 2001Shaver, David C.; Sep. 07, 2001; 66p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F19628-00-C-0002Report No.(s): AD-A393762; 2001:1; ESC*-TR-2000-074; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A04, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report covers in detail the research work of the Solid State Division at Lincoln Laboratory for the period 1 Novemberthrough 31 January 2001. The topics covered are Quantum Electronics, Electro-optical Materials and Devices, SubmicrometerTechnology, Biosensor and Molecular Technologies, Advanced Imaging Technology, Analog Device Technology, and AdvancedSilicon Technology. Funding is provided by several DoD organizations-including the Air Force, Army, BMDO (Ballistic MissileDefense Organization), DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Agency), Navy, NSA (National Security Agency), and OSD(Office of the Secretary of Defense), and also by the DOE (Department of Energy), NASA, and NIST (National Institute ofStandards and Technology).DTICQuantum Electronics; Solid State; Electro-Optics

20010100946 Naval Research Lab., Marine Geosciences Div., Stennis Space Center, MS USAAn Experiment in High-Frequency Sediment Acoustics: SAX99Thorsos, Eric; Williams, Kevin; Jackson, Darrell; Richardson, Michael; Briggs, Kevin; Nov. 20, 2000; 11p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393651; PP/7430-00-2003; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

A major high-frequency sediment acoustics experiment was conducted near the northwestern coast of Florida, USA. Theexperiment addressed high frequency acoustic backscattering from the seafloor sediment, acoustic penetration into the sediment,and acoustic propagation within the sediment. Extensive in situ measurements were made of the sediment geophysical properties,

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and biological processes affecting the environment were studied. An overview is given of the entire measurement program. Initialresults from APL-UW measurements and modelling are then described.DTICUnderwater Acoustics; Acoustic Propagation; Backscattering; Geophysics

20010103761 Purdue Univ., School of Mechanical Engineering, West Lafayette, IN USAImproved Modeling of Drop Vaporization and Combustion in Sprays Final Report, 1 Jul. 1998 - 30 Jun. 2001Abraham, John; Jan. 2001; 28p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DAAG55-98-1-9442Report No.(s): AD-A393496; Rept-530-1288-1549; ARO-37761-EG; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01,Microfiche

In this work, multicomponent and single component droplet vaporization characteristics are investigated by employingcomputational models. It is shown that simplified droplet vaporization models that do not solve temperature gradients or flowwithin the droplet and do not solve gradients in temperature or species in the immediate surrounding of the droplet are able toreproduce droplet vaporization rates and droplet lifetime with about 15% accuracy compared to detailed models for typical Dieseloperating conditions. Under high temperature (> 1200 K) conditions the differences begin to increase. However, it is also shownthat under such conditions as well as at even lower temperatures (> 900 K) the vaporization process is mixing limited i.e., thedroplet lifetime is not controlling but rather the characteristic time for mixing of ambient air with the vapor phase the liquid, vaporand air are in phase equilibrium. It is shown that droplets are not likely to react the critical state under typical engine conditions.With application to multidimensional spray models as focus, a new model for predicting the outcome of drop collisions has beendeveloped. Such models are important because they predict the drop sizes in the spray following atomization.DTICCombustion; Mathematical Models; Sprayers; Vaporizing; Diesel Engines

20010105275 Florida Univ., Gainesville, FL USAScattering Studies of Non-Equilibrium Ordering Processes and Quantum ExcitationsNagler, S. E.; Oct. 31, 1998; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-760849; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

The research sponsored by this award utilized x-ray and neutron scattering techniques to investigate problems in condensedmatter physics. The award supported two graduate research assistants (A.W. Garrett and J.P. Koster) enrolled in the Universityof Florida. The principal investigator, Dr. Stephen Nagler, is a former Professor of Physics at University of Florida. He is currentlya senior research scientist and group leader at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The work supported included studies of phaseseparation in solid 3He- 4He mixtures. The bulk of the research involved inelastic neutron scattering studies of magneticexcitations in low dimensional magnetic materials.NTISQuantum Mechanics; Excitation; Condensed Matter Physics; Inelastic Scattering; Neutron Scattering; X Ray Analysis

81ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT

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20010099217 RAND Corp., Santa Monica, CA USANew Foundations for Growth: The U.S. Innovation System Today and Tomorrow. An Executive SummaryPopper, Steven W.; Wagner, Caroline S.; Jan. 2001; 18p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393142; MR-13338.01/1-OSTP; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The transformation of the U.S. economy over the past twenty years has made it clear that innovations based on scientific andtechnological advances have become a major contributor to our national well-being. The system that supports this process hasemerged as one of our most important national assets, as important a source for growth today and in the future as have been inthe past the nation’s natural resource endowment, the talents and dedication of its workforce, and the accumulated stock of itscapital goods. Our understanding of innovative activity in the U.S. has also changed and grown more sophisticated. Discussionof innovation has shifted from a focus on products (identifying critical technologies, for example) to processes, from individualoutputs to the mechanisms for producing those outputs. During this transition, the realization has grown that this systemconstitutes a dense and complex network of interconnected parts. The major actors in this system --the private sector, government

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agencies and labs, universities, the non-profit research sector-- relate to each other in complex ways neither easy to describe nortrace through the system. This interconnected network constitutes what has come to be called a national innovation system. Giventhe fundamental importance of this system to public welfare and the continuing importance of government as both a participantand a provider of crucial elements of Support, it is appropriate to understand what kinds of government actions (or for that matter,in actions) would contribute most to the continued development and health of the system or, conversely, detract from thatdevelopment and health the least.DTICHealth; Foundations; Economy; Increasing

20010103213 Santa Clara Univ., CA USAFour Generations of Maintenance Resource Management Programs in the USA: An Analysis of the Past, Present, andFutureTaylor, James C., Santa Clara Univ., USA; Patankar, Manoj S., San Jose State Univ., USA; Journal of Air Transportation WorldWide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No. 2, pp. 3-32; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): NCC2-1025; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

This paper analyzes four generations of Maintenance Resource Management (MRM) programs implemented by aviationmaintenance organizations in the United States. Data collected from over ten years of survey research and field observations areused for this analysis; they are presented in a case-study format. The first three generations of MRM programs were episodicefforts to increase safety through teamwork, focus group discussions, and awareness courses, respectively. Now, the fourthgeneration programs, characterized by a commitment to long-term communication and behavioral changes in maintenance, areset to build on those earlier generations, toward a culture of mutual trust between mechanics, their managers, and regulators.AuthorAircraft Maintenance; Case Histories; Resources Management; General Aviation Aircraft

20010104648 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAIntegrated Safety Management System (ISMS) of the US Department of EnergyLinn, M. A.; May 18, 1999; 10p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771555; P00-107653; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

While the Integrated Safety Management System (ISMS) program is a fairly rational approach to safety, it represents theculmination of several years of hard-earned lessons learned. Considering the size and the diversity of interrelated elements whichmake up the USDOE complex, this result shows the determination of both the USDOE and its contractors to bring safety hazardsto heel. While these lessons learned were frustrating and expensive, the results were several key insights upon which the ISMSwas built: (1) Ensure safety management is integral to the business. Safety management must become part of each work activity,rather that something in addition to or on top of. (2) Tailor the safety requirements to the work and its hazards. In order to becost-effective and efficient, safety management should have flexibility in order to match safety requirements with the level of thehazards in a graded manner. (3) Safety management must be coherent and integrated. Large and complex organizations are noexcuse for fragmented and overlapping safety initiatives and programs. Simple, from the ground up objectives and principles mustbe defined and used to guide a comprehensive safety management program. (4) A safety management system must balanceresources and priorities. The system must provide the means to balance resources against the particular work hazards, recognizingthat different degrees of hazards requires corresponding prevention measures. (5) Clear roles and responsibilities for safetymanagement must be defined. Both the regulator and the contractor have specific responsibilities for safety which must be clearlyarticulated at all levels of the work processes. (6) Those responsible for safety must have the competence to carry it out. Thoseassigned responsibilities must have the experience, knowledge, skills, and authority to carry them out. As one can surmise, theISMS is not a new program to be implemented, but rather a new attitude which must be adopted.NTISSafety Management; Radiation Protection; Prevention; Organizations

20010105192 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USADeficiency tracking system, conceptual business process requirementsHermanson, M. L.; Apr. 18, 1997; 34pReport No.(s): DE2001-16895; HNF-SD-GN-CSWD-501; DE98059740,EW3135040; No Copyright; Avail: Department ofEnergy Information Bridge, Microfiche

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This document has been prepared in response to the Fluor Daniel Hanford Company Performance Agreement SM5.5,”Develop and implement a single, site-wide, consolidated, automated deficiency management tracking, trending, and reportingsystem as a part of a sitewide management system.”NTISManagement Systems; User Requirements; Tracking (Position)

82DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SCIENCE

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20010099508 Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisitions, Technology and Logistics), Washington, DC USADefensive Information Operations, Volume 2, Annexes Final ReportWright, Larry; Jun. 2001; 357p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A392422; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A16, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

The Information Assurance Architecture (IAA) Panel was tasked to review the implementation of the 1996 Defense ScienceBoard Task Force on Information Warfare Defense recommendations, to identify specific issues associated with informationassurance goals of Joint Vision 2020 (JV2020), and to evaluate the adequacy of progress made in achieving these goals. The paneladdressed the status of the Department of Defense’s (DoD) efforts to establish an IAA framework and standards, and to developprornising IAA techniques. The panel invited representatives from the Services, various agencies, and information technologyindustries to brief on IA related technologies, trends and market demands. In general, the panel found that significant progresshas been made in implementing the 1996 DSB recommendations, but critical issues need to be resolved in the context of W2020.The ability to achieve information superiority is the pacing item in realizing the goals of JV2020. The Global Information Grid(GIG) is the underlying infrastructure that will support information superiority. The panel believes the key to success is inimplementing a standards- based, metric-driven, end-to-end integrated global information grid. The GIG will incorporatenear-term information technologies to globally interconnect information capabilities, associated processes and personnel. Further,the GIG must exploit technologies, standards and architectural frameworks based on commercial information technologies (IT).The panel believes that the implementation of the GIG, in the context of JV2020, is one of those significant events that occur onceevery decade or two, and that how it is managed and architected will have a major impact on DoD for the next decade or more.The panel argues that the GIG should be viewed as a weapon system since it leads to information/decision superiority and thereforewill be attacked by our adversaries. However, unlike traditional weapons systems, the DOD does not own cDTICComputer Networks; Information Systems; Defense Program

20010099690 RAND Corp., National Defense Research Inst., Santa Monica, CA USAThe Global Technology RevolutionBio/Nano/Materials Trends and Their Synergies with Information Technology by 2015Anton, Philip S.; Silberglitt, Richard; Schneider, James; Jan. 2001; 87p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DASW01-95-C-0069Report No.(s): AD-A391926; RAND/MR-1307-NIC; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A05, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Life in 2015 will be revolutionized by the growing effect of multidisciplinary technology across all dimensions of life: social,economic, political, and personal. Biotechnology will enable us to identify, understand, manipulate, improve, and control livingorganisms (including ourselves). The revolution of information availability and utility will continue to profoundly affect the worldin all these dimensions. Smart materials, agile manufacturing, and nanotechnology will change the way we produce devices whileexpanding their capabilities. These technologies may also be joined by ”wild cards” in 2015 if barriers to their development areresolved in time. The results could be astonishing. Effects may include significant improvements in human quality of life and lifespan, high rates of industrial turnover, lifetime worker training, continued globalization, reshuffling of wealth, culturalamalgamation or invasion with potential for increased tension and conflict, shifts in power from nation states to non-governmentalorganizations and individuals, mixed environmental effects, improvements in quality of life with accompanying prosperity andreduced tension, and the possibility of human eugenics and cloning. The actual realization of these possibilities will depend ona number of factors, including local acceptance of technological change, levels of technology and infrastructure investments,market drivers and limitations, and technology breakthroughs and advancements. Since these factors vary across the globe, theimplementation and effects of technology will also vary, especially in developing countries. Nevertheless, the overall revolution

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and trends will continue through much of the developed world. The fast pace of technological development and breakthroughsmakes foresight difficult, but the technology revolution seems globally significant and quite likely.DTICInformation Systems; Nanotechnology; Biotechnology; Industrial Management

20010100108 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USABuilding the Intelligence Foundation for Network Centric Warfare Final ReportOsmun, Richard O.; May 17, 2001; 31p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393521; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The world is undergoing an information revolution with the rapid advance of information technologies. Undoubtedly,information operations is becoming more dynamic and essential to daily activities of the USA military services. Within theDepartment of Defense (DoD) many concepts have evolved which formulate utilizing the virtual information domain to supportoperations in the traditional physical domains of land, sea, air and space. One such concept, Network Centric Warfare (NCW),defines and describes how the US military should organize and fight in the information age. by incorporating an intelligenceanalysis grid, the concept of NCW will optimize the utility of available information and produce shared awareness.DTICInformation Systems; Intelligence

20010100382 University of Southern California, Information Sciences Inst., Marina del Rey, CA USAIntelligent Agents for Retrieving, Filtering, and Managing Information Final Report, 1 Oct. 1997-31 Dec. 2000Knoblock, Craig A., University of Southern California, USA; Dec. 31, 2000; 10p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F49620-98-1-0046Report No.(s): AD-A389161; AFRL-SR-BL-TR-01-0247; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Under this grant we developed the first generation technology for rapidly building instructable agents that automatetime-consuming or repetitive tasks. In particular, we solved two critical problems towards achieving the larger vision. First, wedeveloped the machine learning technology to rapidly convert semi-structured data into structured data. This allows web sourcesto be queries as if they are databases, which is necessary for doing any type of additional filtering, processing, or integration onthe data. Second, we developed an agent execution system that makes it easy to define agent plans and to efficiently execute thoseplans. Our research success under this grant is best demonstrated by the fact that we have already published a number of journalarticles and numerous conference and workshop papers, filed three patents on this work, and licensed the resulting technologyand software to a startup company that now has 30 employees.DTICInformation Retrieval; Machine Learning; Automation; Artificial Intelligence

20010101172 Booz-Allen and Hamilton, Inc., McLean, VA USAInteroperability and Supportability of National Security Systems, and Information Technology SystemsMay 08, 2000; 101p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393604; CJCSI-6212.01B; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A06, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

Purpose. This instruction: a: Establishes policies and procedures for the J-6 interoperability requirements certification ofmission need statements (MNSs), Capstone Requirements Documents (CRDs), and operational requirements documents (ORDs)required by reference a, b: Details a methodology to develop interoperability key performance parameters (KPPs) derived froma set of top-level information exchange requirements (IERs) as required by reference a and based on the format and content ofthe integrated architecture products described in the C4ISPs Architecture Framework (reference h). c: Establishes policies andprocedures for the J-6 supportability certification of command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4I)support plans (C4ISPs). d: Establishes policies and procedures for the J-6 interoperability system validation.DTICInformation Systems; Warning Systems; Command and Control; Security; Education

20010102545 National Inst. of Standards and Technology, Computer Security Div., Gaithersburg, MD USAInformation Technology Security Training Requirements: A Role- and Performance-Based ModelWilson, Mark; deZafra, Dorothea E.; Pitcher, Sadie I.; Tressler, John D.; Ippolito, John B.; Apr. 1998; 189p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391650; NIST-SP-800-16; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A09, Hardcopy; A02, Microfiche

The key to addressing people factors or competencies in information technology (IT) security is awareness, training, andeducation. Certainly the need for government-wide attention to this area of IT security has never been greater, so issuance of this

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publication, Information Technology Security Training Requirements: A Role- and Performance-Based Model, (TrainingRequirements) is especially timely. This document has been designed as a ”living handbook” to have the longest useful lifepossible as the foundation of and structure for ”do-able” training by Federal agencies.DTICPerformance Prediction; Computer Information Security; Mathematical Models; Information Systems

20010102546 Raytheon Systems Co., Plano, TX USAToward an Understanding of the Cognitive Aspects of Data FusionDavenport, Daniel M.; Dec. 14, 1998; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391628; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Data fusion is a key driver for achieving Information Superiority. Improvements in processor speed and visualizationtechniques, virtual reality and sensor technology are important drivers as well. But the bandwidth between humans and theirmachines is limited; the source being the form of human input/output we are restricted to and the natural speed of processing weperform at. Neither of these obeys Moore’s law. Most of the significance of the sensor data that we collect will be lost if it is notinterpreted for the human user before hand. Improvements in speed only make this gap wider. In an attempt to narrow the gap,new HCI technologies, such as virtual reality, are being developed. But this introduces a new problem, namely, how to displayfused sensor data to the user in a meaningful way. So the gap remains. The present scenario hopes that very intelligent softwarewill automatically display exactly what we want and need and in a manner we can immediately grasp.DTICMultisensor Fusion; Artificial Intelligence; Systems Engineering; Data Processing

20010102547 Johns Hopkins Univ., Applied Physics Lab., Laurel, MD USAThe Navy and the InfosphereVlahos, Michael; Pace, Dale; Mar. 1999; 34p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391515; JWR-99-002; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The Infosphere is a shorthand for the fusion of all the world’s communications networks, databases, and sources ofinformation into a vast, intertwined, and heterogeneous tapestry of electronic interchange. This report explores implications ofthe Big Change in society, business, and military operations that is expected to emerge from the Infosphere. After treating broadsocietal possibilities, the study narrows its focus to their possible impact on the Navy and on Defense-related researchorganizations like The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/ APL). This report is an occasional paper ofthe Joint Warfare Analysis Department (JWAD) of JHU/ APL. The ideas in this report are intended to stimulate, perhaps provoke,serious thinking about the future. Not everyone will agree with its ideas. Therefore, it should be noted that this report reflects theviews of its authors and does not necessarily imply concurrence with those views by JHU/APL or by any other organization oragency, whether public or private.DTICNavy; Communication Networks; Artificial Intelligence

20010102925 Naval War Coll., Newport, RI USADigital Deception: Implications of Pursuing Decision Superiority Using Deception in CyberspaceSmith, Jerald L.; May 18, 2001; 30p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393533; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Military Deception is one of the tools of information Warfare (IW) and a key enabler of ”Decision Superiority.” The nextgeneration of military deception will include digital deception: deception in cyberspace. Joint Vision 2020 calls for U.S. JointForces to strive for, and obtain Decision Superiority as the goal of their Command and Control Warfare (C2W) efforts. The logicalculmination of the pursuit of dominance across the cognitive hierarchy, Decision Superiority is the ability to make prudent militarydecisions while denying one’s adversaries the same. What is deception’s role in the pursuit of Information and DecisionSuperiority? How does digital deception differ from traditional military deception? What advantages does it offer over traditionaldeception? What are the challenges to implementing deception in the digital domain? These are the questions addressed.DTICDigital Systems; Deception

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20010103541 Joint Chiefs of Staff, Washington, DC USADefense Information System Network and Connected SystemsMay 22, 1996; 25p; In English; Original contains color platesReport No.(s): AD-A391517; CJCSI,6211.02A; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This instruction establishes policy and delineates responsibilities for life-cycle management of the Defense InformationSystem Network (DISN). It details policy for management and use of the DISN, DISN services, and connected systems. Specificpolicies governing the satellite component of the DISN are covered in CJCS MOP 37, Military Satellite CommunicationsSystems.”DTICInformation Systems; Policies; Defense Program; Satellite Communication

20010103764 General Accounting Office, Washington, DC USAReport to the Chairman, Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives. Nuclear Security: DOE Needsto Improve Control Over Classified InformationAug. 2001; 31p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A393777; GAO-01-806; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The Department of Energy (DOE) maintains millions of classified documents containing highly sensitive nuclear weaponsdesign and production information. Allegations that the Peoples Republic of China obtained nuclear warhead designs from anemployee of DOE’s Los Alamos National Laboratory, as well as the disappearance of two computer hard drives containing highlysensitive weapons information from that same laboratory, have raised concerns about how effectively DOE protects classifiedinformation, particularly the most sensitive classified information that is contained in vaults and computer systems.DTICDocuments; Congressional Reports; Controllability

20010104649 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USAReflexive Data ModelsPetrov, S.; Aug. 20, 2000; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771554; P00-106873; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

An information system is reflexive if it stores a description of its current structure in the body of stored information and isacting on the base of this information. A data model is reflexive, if its language is meta-closed and can be used to build such asystem. The need for reflexive data models in new areas of information technology applications is argued. An attempt to expressbasic notions related to information systems is made in the case when the system supports and uses meta-closed representationof the data.NTISInformation Systems; Technology Utilization

20010104666 Naval Postgraduate School, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Monterey, CA USAInvestigation of Feature Dimension Reduction Schemes for Classification Applications Final Report, Sep. 1999-Dec. 2000Fargues, M. P.; Jun. 01, 2001; 39p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): MIPR#A448195Report No.(s): AD-A391804; NPS-EC-01-005; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Extracting relevant features that allow for class discrimination is the first critical step in classification applications. However,this step often leads to high-dimensional feature spaces, which requires large datasets to create viable classification schemes. Asa result, there is a strong incentive to reduce the feature space dimension. Two classical types of approaches to reduce featuredimension exist Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-based or discriminant-based approaches. The main difference between thetwo types lies in the criterion selected; PCA-based schemes seek a projection direction which bests represents the data in a normsense, while discriminant-based schemes seek a projection that best separates the class data. This study presents a comparisonof three discriminant-based feature dimension reduction schemes: the Mean Separator Neural Network (MSNN), theMahalanobis-based Dimension Reduction scheme (MBDR), and the kernel-based Generalized Discriminant Analysis (GDA)approach. PCA is included for comparison purposes as it is also widely used in classification applications. All four featuredimension reduction schemes are implemented and evaluated by applying the transformed features to a basic minimum distanceclassifier. Three classification datasets commonly used in statistics for benchmarking purposes are selected to compare the

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schemes and results discussed Results show the kernel-based generalized discriminant analysis approach to lead to consistentlyhigher classification performances than the other schemes considered in the study for the data investigated.DTICData Bases; Neural Nets; Classifications; Principal Components Analysis

20010105194 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USASystem design description for master equipment list, phase ISandoval, J. D.; Apr. 11, 1997; 114pReport No.(s): DE2001-16885; HNF-SD-WM-SDD-065; DE98059730,EW3120071; No Copyright; Avail: Department ofEnergy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This System Design Description (SDD) is for the Master Equipment List Phase I (MEL), It has been prepared following theWI-IC-CM-3-1O, Software Practices, (Ref. 6), This SDD describes the internal design for implementation of the MEL Phase I.NTISSystems Engineering; Procedures

20010105195 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USAAcceptance test procedure for the master equipment list (MEL) database system. phase IJech, J. B.; Apr. 10, 1997; 47pReport No.(s): DE2001-16882; HNF-SD-WM-ATP-175-REV2; DE98059727,EW3120071; No Copyright; Avail: Departmentof Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP) provides test plan information and defines the test procedures for the MEL. It includesthe requirements and criteria as taken from the SRS, reference 7. The ATP has been prepared following the WHC-CM-3-10Software Practices guidelines. The ATP shall serve as the testing document to ensure the specific requirements of the MEL aremet with regard to assurance of the accuracy and quality of data managed with MEL. This Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP)provides test plan information and defines the test procedures for the MEL. It includes the requirements and criteria as taken fromthe SRS. The ATP has been prepared following the WHC-CM-3-10 Software Practices guidelines. The ATP shall serve as thetesting document to ensure the specific requirements of the MEL are met with regard to assurance of the accuracy and quality ofdata managed with MEL.NTISAcceptability; Data Bases; Checkout

20010105196 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USAUser requirements for ISEARCH document imaging systemGalbreath, E. D.; Apr. 10, 1997; 6pReport No.(s): DE2001-16881; HNF-SD-GN-CSRS-501; DE98059726,YN0100000; No Copyright; Avail: Department ofEnergy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The Information Services Electronic ARCHiving (ISEARCH) system was designed and implemented in 1990 to makemillions of pages of site information available to the site workers using the 486-based computer in their offices. This was asignificant savings in cost and time to the site. Before ISEARCH, the general user had to drive to the central records storage facilityfrom the jobsite, a distance of up to 30 miles one way. Searching for the information, getting it reproduced, and returning to thejobsite often took several hours. Frequently another customer would need the same information a week or so later, and have togo through the steps. With ISEARCH users have immediate access to, and use of, the information right at their desktops.NTISInformation Systems; User Requirements; Imaging Techniques

20010105199 Department of Energy, Washington, DC USAPresenting Modeling and Simulation Results Using Web-Based Tools: New Methodologies for Customer Feedback andData ArchivingHower, B. O.; Jun. 01, 1998; 13p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-16835; KCP-613-6057; CONF-9805101; DE98-059408; No Copyright; Avail: Department of EnergyInformation Bridge

This paper discusses the use of Internet and Web technology to assist analysts in documenting, presenting, and archivingABAQUS simulation results. Prior to the implementation of this technology, analysts frequently completed projects bydistributing a limited number of color plots, storing analysis notes in paper files, and archiving design and finite element model

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data to magnetic tape. Using the Internet and Web-based technology, an analysis home page was developed to provide a commonlocation for analysis information. The home page provides instant publishing and distribution of analysis results that can be viewedby users with high-end workstations or common personal computers. Detailed reports can include text, tables, photographs, plots,animations, video, and audio. The Web-based sharing of ABAQUS analysis results has been embraced by customers and hasbecome a common tool for the analyst. In conjunction with being a presentation medium, the format also allows for reportarchiving and results data storage.NTISInternets; Simulation; Mathematical Models; Feedback; Data Storage

20010105204 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USANetwork Information Management and Distribution in a Heterogeneous and Decentralized Enterprise EnvironmentKent, A. D.; Clifford, J. R.; Sep. 01, 2000; 20p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764169; LA-UR-00-4586; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

To promote enterprise-wide information and resource sharing, we have implemented a network information management anddistribution system that gives subscribing systems real-time access to relevant information changes. Participating systems needlittle more than a small, single application to receive the updates. User interaction and data administration require only a webbrowser. The resulting system is timely, reliable, secure, easy to support and maintain, and extensible.NTISInformation Management; Management Systems; Real Time Operation; Computer Networks

20010105209 Los Alamos National Lab., NM USAInformation Analysis and Integrated SafeguardsPilat, J. F.; Budlong-Sylvester, K. W.; Sep. 01, 2000; 10p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764067; LA-UR-00-3027; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

Information analysis will be a key element of the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA’s) future safeguards mission,but its precise role is not yet determined. The IAEA has a strong institutional interest in increasing its capabilities to utilizeinformation analysis, including State Evaluations, and major progress has been made to date. However, issues remain, especiallywith respect to implementation. to what extent will the Agency be able, in practice, to draw necessary conclusions about thebehavior of States on the basis of information available to it. to what extent will the Agency be able to bring detailed analyses tothe State Evaluation. If outstanding issues can be satisfactorily addressed, it will also be important to understand the level andpurpose of information analyses in the context of future safeguards requirements, including those for integrated safeguards.Information analysis clearly can play a significant role in establishing and prioritizing acquisition paths for a State, and ensuringthey take into account relevant deception and concealment strategies. Its role in assessing the effectiveness of safeguards, inparticular setting or contributing to detection probabilities for paths involving undeclared facilities and activities, needs to beassessed. There is a potential for information analysis to contribute to all of these tasks. This paper analyzes the possible roles ofinformation analysis in this context, with special attention to its role in integrated safeguards.NTISInformation Analysis; Nuclear Electric Power Generation

20010105453 National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM USAGenome Sequence DataBase (GSDB) Final Report, Sep. 1997 - Sep. 1999Harger, C. A.; Oct. 28, 1999; 5p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-755686; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge

Since September 1997 NCGR has produced two web-based tools for researchers to use to access and analyze data in theGenome Sequence DataBase (GSDB). These tools are: Sequence Viewer, a nucleotide sequence and annotation visualization tool,and MAR-Finder, a tool that predicts, base upon statistical inferences, the location of matrix attachment regions (MARS) withina nucleotide sequence.NTISData Bases; Genome; Data Base Management Systems

20010105470 George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA USAConstruction of an integrated database to support genomic sequence analysisGillevet, P.; Overbeek, R.; Nov. 01, 1999; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-763292; DOE/ER/61848; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

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One central goal of our effort is to develop an integrated database to support comparative analysis of genomes. We now callthis logic-programming-based system GenoBase (the previous acronym had to be changed because another project had alreadyused it). In Phase I of the current proposal, the goal was to produce an initial integration of DNA sequence data, protein sequencedata, available data on expression of genes within Escherichia coli (from the Eco2dbase project), and currently available data onmetabolism. In fact, we have achieved a somewhat broader integration of available data, in large part because of the assistancefrom collaborators at NIH, George Mason University, members of the DBEMP project in Russia, and researchers at the SwedishInstitute of Computer Science.NTISGenetics; Deoxyribonucleic Acid; Escherichia; Proteins; Data Base Management Systems

83ECONOMICS AND COST ANALYSIS

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20010102901 Impresa, Inc., Portland, OR USANew Growth Theory, Technology and Learning: A Practitioner’s Guide. Reviews of Economic Development Literatureand Practice, No. 4Cortright, Joseph; 2001; 50p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): DOC-99-07-13801Report No.(s): PB2001-107284; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

New Growth Theory emphasizes that economic growth results from the increasing returns associated with new knowledge.Knowledge has different properties from other economic goods. The ability to grow the economy by increasing knowledge ratherthan labor and capital creates opportunities for nearly boundless growth. Markets fail to produce enough knowledge becauseinnovators cannot capture all of the gains associated with creating new knowledge. and because knowledge can be infinitely reusedat zero marginal cost, firms that use knowledge in production can earn quasi-monopoly profits. Economies with widespreadincreasing returns are unlikely to develop along a unique equilibrium path. Development may be a process of creative destruction,with a succession of monopolistically competitive technologies and firms. Markets alone may not converge on a single mostefficient solution, and technological and regional development will tend to exhibit path dependence. History, institutions, andgeography all shape the development of knowledge-based economies: New Growth Theory, and the increasing returns associatedwith knowledge have many implications for economic development policy. New Growth Theory underscores the importance ofinvesting in new knowledge creation to sustain growth. Policy makers will need to pay careful attention to all of the factors thatprovide incentives for knowledge creation (e.g., research and development, the education system, and entrepreneurship).NTISEconomic Development; Education; Economics

84LAW, POLITICAL SCIENCE AND SPACE �POLICY

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20010103231 Hamburg Univ., GermanyBargaining for Open SkiesWojahn, Oliver W., Hamburg Univ., Germany; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6, No.1, pp. 77-96; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

In this paper we analyze the bargaining problem between countries when negotiating bilateral air service agreements. to doso, we use the methods of bargaining and game theory. We give special attention to the case where a liberal minded country istrying to convince a less liberal country to agree to bilateral open skies, and the liberal country might also unilaterally open upits market. The following analysis is positive in the sense that the results help explain and predict the outcome of negotiations underdifferent payoffs and structures of the bargaining process. They are normative in the sense that adequate manipulation of thebargaining conditions can ensure a desired outcome.AuthorGame Theory; International Cooperation; Air Transportation; Mathematical Models

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20010103233 Victoria Univ., Wellington, New ZealandUnequal Bargaining? Australia’s Aviation Trade Relations with the USASolomon, Russell, Victoria Univ., New Zealand; Journal of Air Transportation World Wide; 2001; ISSN 1093-8826; Volume 6,No. 1, pp. 15-36; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

International aviation trade bargaining is distinguished by its use of a formal process of bilateral bargaining based on thereciprocal exchange of rights by states. Australia-USA aviation trade relations are currently without rancour, but this has notalways been the case and in the late 1980s and early 1990s, their formal bilateral aviation negotiations were a forum for a bitterconflict between two competing international aviation policies. In seeking to explain the bilateral aviation outcomes betweenAustralia and the USA and how Australia has sought to improve upon these, analytical frameworks derived from internationalpolitical economy were considered, along with the bilateral bargaining process itself. The paper adopts a modified neorealistmodel and concludes that to understand how Australia has sought to improve upon these aviation outcomes, neorealistassumptions that relative power capabilities determine outcomes must be qualified by reference to the formal bilateral bargainingprocess. In particular, Australia’s use of this process and its application of certain bargaining tactics within that process remaincritical to understanding bilateral outcomes.AuthorContract Negotiation; Policies; USA; Australia; International Relations

90ASTROPHYSICS

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20010099431 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAX-Ray Probes of Cosmic Star Formation HistoryGhosh, Pranab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; White, Nicholas E., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA;Astrophysical Journal; Sep. 20, 2001; Volume 559; 4p; In English; Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity

We discuss the imprints left by a cosmological evolution of the star formation rate (SFR) on the evolution of X-rayluminosities Lx of normal galaxies, using the scheme earlier proposed by us, wherein the evolution of LX of a galaxy is drivenby the evolution of its X-ray binary population. As indicated in our earlier work, the profile of Lx with redshift can both serveas a diagnostic probe of the SFR profile and constrain evolutionary models for X-ray binaries. We report here the first calculationof the expected evolution of X-ray luminosities of galaxies, updating our work by using a suite of more recently developed SFRprofiles that span the currently plausible range. The first Chandra deep imaging results on Lx evolution are beginning to probethe SFR profile of bright spiral galaxies; the early results are consistent with predictions based on current SFR models. Using thesenew SFR profiles, the resolution of the ”birthrate problem” of low-mass X-ray binaries and recycled, millisecond pulsars in termsof an evolving global SFR is more complete. We discuss the possible impact of the variations in the SFR profile of individualgalaxies and galaxy types.AuthorStar Formation; X Ray Sources; Cosmology; Luminosity; Spiral Galaxies; X Ray Binaries

20010099593 Tel-Aviv Univ., Ramat-Aviv, Tel-Aviv IsraelLeonid MAC Workshop 2000May 31, 2001; 610p; In English, 16-18 Apr. 2000, UnknownContract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-00-W-F044Report No.(s): AD-A392969; EOARD-CSP-00-5044; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A99, Hardcopy; A06, Microfiche

The Final Proceedings for Leonid MAC Workshop 2000, 16 April 2000 - 18 April 2000. This is a multidisciplinaryconference. Topics include: Tally of observations from the 1998 and 1999 Leonid meteor shower campaigns, satellite meteorhazards, origins of life, airborne and ground-based campaigns, meteor/atmosphere interactions, laboratory studies and remotesensingDTICConferences; Meteoroids; Biological Evolution

20010099877 Boston Univ., Dept. of Astronomy, Boston, MA USAGravitational Lensing: Recent Progress & Future Goals Final Report, 1 Jul. 1999 - 30 Jun. 2001Brainerd, Tereasa, Boston Univ., USA; [2001]; 4p; In English; No Copyright; Avail: Issuing Activity; Abstract Only

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This award was intended to provide financial support for an international astrophysics conference on gravitational lensingwhich was held at Boston University from July 25 to July 30, 1999. Because of the nature of the award, no specific research wasproposed, nor was any carried out. The participants at the conference presented results of their on-going research efforts, andwritten summaries of their presentations have been published by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific as part of their conferenceseries. The reference to the conference proceedings book is Gravitational Lensing: Recent Progress and Future Goals, ASPConference Series volume 237, eds. T. G. Brainerd and C. S. Kochanek (2001). The ISBN number of this book is 1-58381-074-9.The goal of the conference was to bring together both senior and junior investigators who were actively involved in all aspectsof gravitational lensing research. This was the first conference in four years to address gravitational lensing from such a broadperspective (the previous such conference being IAU Symposium 173 held in Melbourne, Australia in July 1995). The conferencewas attended by 190 participants, who represented of order 70 different institutions and of order 15 different countries. TheScientific Organizing Committee members were Matthias Bartelmann (co-chair), Tereasa Brainerd (co-chair), Ian Browne,Richard Ellis, Nick Kaiser, Yannick Mellier, Sjur Refsdal, HansWalter Rix, Joachim Wambsganss, and Rachel Webster. The LocalOrganizing Committee members were Tereasa Brainerd (chair), Emilio Falco, Jacqueline Hewitt, Christopher Kochanek, andIrwin Shapiro. The oral sessions were organized around specific applications of gravitational lensing and included invited reviews,invited ’targeted talks’, and contributed talks. The review speakers were Roger Blandford, Tereasa Brainerd, Gus Evrard, NickKaiser, Guinevere Kaufmann, Chris Kochanek, Charley Lineweaver, Gerry Luppino, Shude Mao, Paul Schechter, PeterSnhneider, amd Ed Turner. The ’targeted talk’ speakers were Andy Boden, Ian Browne, Emilio Falco, Harry Ferguson, BhuvneshJain, Christine Jones, Arlie Petters, Hans-Walter Rix, Penny Sackett, Prasenjit Saha, Virginia Trimble, and Joachim Wambsganss.Due to limited time, only 25% of the abstracts which were submitted for consideration as contributed talks could actually beaccepted for the final program; those which were not selected as talks were presented as posters, and a special poster viewingsession was held to allow participants to present their work. A copy of the complete Final Program of the conference is includedin the following pages.AuthorMassachusetts; Conferences; Gravitational Lenses

20010102910 California Univ., Lawrence Berkeley Lab., Berkeley, CA USAFaint galaxy redshift survey behind massive clustersFrye, B.; Dec. 01, 1999; 309p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-764393; LBNL-45830; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

This thesis is concerned with the gravitational lensing effect by massive galaxy clusters. We have explored a new techniquefor measuring galaxy masses and for detecting high-z galaxies by their optical colors. A redshift survey has been obtained at theKeck for a magnitude limited sample of objects behind three clusters, A1689, A2390, and A2218 within a radius of 0.5M pc. Foreach cluster we see both a clear trend of increasing flux and redshift towards the center. This behavior is the result of imagemagnifications, such that at fixed redshift one sees further down the luminosity function. The gradient of this magnification is,unlike measurements of image distortion, sensitive to the mass profile, and found to depart strongly from a pure isothermal halo.We have found that V RI color selection can be used effectively as a discriminant for finding high-z galaxies behind clusters. Wehave also investigated the radio ring lens PKS 1830-211, locating the source and multiple images and detected molecularabsorption at mm wavelengths. Broad molecular absorption of width 1/40kms is found toward the southwest component only,where surprisingly it does not reach the base of the continuum, which implies incomplete coverage of the SW component bymolecular gas, despite the small projected size of the source, less than 1/8h pc at the absorption redshift.NTISGalactic Clusters; Galaxies; Red Shift; Massive Stars

91LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE AND EXPLORATION

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20010099686 Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA USAUncertainty Optimization Applied to the Monte Carlo Analysis of Planetary Entry Trajectories Final Report, 3 Sep. 1997- 2 Sep. 2001Olds, John, Georgia Inst. of Tech., USA; Way, David, Georgia Inst. of Tech., USA; Jul. 31, 2001; 236p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): NGT1-52163; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A11, Hardcopy; A03, Microfiche

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Recently, strong evidence of liquid water under the surface of Mars and a meteorite that might contain ancient microbes haverenewed interest in Mars exploration. With this renewed interest, NASA plans to send spacecraft to Mars approx. every 26 months.These future spacecraft will return higher-resolution images, make precision landings, engage in longer-ranging surfacemaneuvers, and even return Martian soil and rock samples to Earth. Future robotic missions and any human missions to Mars willrequire precise entries to ensure safe landings near science objective and pre-employed assets. Potential sources of water and otherinteresting geographic features are often located near hazards, such as within craters or along canyon walls. In order for moreaccurate landings to be made, spacecraft entering the Martian atmosphere need to use lift to actively control the entry. This activeguidance results in much smaller landing footprints. Planning for these missions will depend heavily on Monte Carlo analysis.Monte Carlo trajectory simulations have been used with a high degree of success in recent planetary exploration missions. Theseanalyses ascertain the impact of off-nominal conditions during a flight and account for uncertainty. Uncertainties generally stemfrom limitations in manufacturing tolerances, measurement capabilities, analysis accuracies, and environmental unknowns.Thousands of off-nominal trajectories are simulated by randomly dispersing uncertainty variables and collecting statistics onforecast variables. The dependability of Monte Carlo forecasts, however, is limited by the accuracy and completeness of theassumed uncertainties. This is because Monte Carlo analysis is a forward driven problem; beginning with the input uncertaintiesand proceeding to the forecasts outputs. It lacks a mechanism to affect or alter the uncertainties based on the forecast results. Ifthe results are unacceptable, the current practice is to use an iterative, trial-and-error approach to reconcile discrepancies.Therefore, an improvement to the Monte Carlo analysis is needed that will allow the problem to be worked in reverse. In this way,the largest allowable dispersions that achieve the required mission objectives can be determined quantitatively.Derived from textAtmospheric Entry; Trajectory Optimization; Monte Carlo Method; Trajectory Planning; Trajectory Analysis; TrajectoryControl; Mathematical Models

20010100239 Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, Memphis, TN USASand Ships of MarsBeish, Jeff, Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, USA; Jun. 15, 2001; 9p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391895; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

What color is Mars through a telescope? This question has been asked by astronomers for at least three centuries and is asubject of debate even today. Observers even report certain dark features on Mars grow darker and even change color duringseasonal transitions. This has led to some startling conclusions, some of which has brought the wrath of the scientific communitydown on a few very prominent astronomers.DTICVisual Perception; Mars (Planet); Mars Surface

20010100240 Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, Memphis, TN USAAre Observed White Areas on Mars RealBeish, Jeff, Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, USA; Jun. 15, 2001; 6p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391896; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Astronomers describe so-called white areas observed on Mars as bright patches of light most often seen in the desert regionsof the Red Planet. They are generally bright in all colors and conspicuous in integrated light (no filters); however, we must analyzethis phenomenon before jumping to conclusions. The nature of white areas, as described by the past A.L.P.O. Mars SectionRecorder, Chick Capen, should be discussed at length.DTICVisual Perception; Mars (Planet); Color

20010100241 Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, Memphis, TN USAAre Cloud Bands on Mars Rare or NotBeish, Jeff, Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers, USA; January 2001; 3p; In EnglishReport No.(s): AD-A391897; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

The atmosphere of Mars is ever changing. White water ice clouds, yellowish dust clouds, bluish limb hazes, and bright surfacefrosts have been studied with increasing interest in the past decades. We are beginning to think these clouds are related to theseasonal sublimation and condensation of polar caps. Statistical analysis indicates that water ice-crystal cloud activity andnear-surface ”fog” occurrence is significantly higher in the Martian Northern spring and summer than the same seasons for theSouthern Hemisphere. This period also coincides with periods when the northern polar cap is in rapid retreat. To a lesser extent,clouds increase in frequency during southern summer polar cap rapid retreat as well. Until recently little attention has been paid

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to another phenomena seen on Mars during both of the polar cap’s respective yearly retreat. This being an atmospheric cloudreferred to as cloud bands.DTICMars (Planet); Mars Atmosphere; Ice Clouds; Dust; Statistical Analysis

20010100384 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USAMeteoric Ions in Planetary IonospheresPesnell, W. D., Nomad Research, Inc., USA; Grebowsky, Joseph M., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; [2001]; 10p;In English; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A02, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

Solar system debris, in the form of meteoroids, impacts every planet. The flux, relative composition and speed of the debrisat each planet depends on the planet’s size and location in the solar system. Ablation in the atmosphere evaporates the meteoricmaterial and leaves behind metal atoms. During the ablation process metallic ions are formed by impact ionization. For small innersolar system planets, including Earth, this source of ionization is typically small compared to either photoionization or chargeexchange with ambient molecular ions. For Earth, the atmosphere above the main deposition region absorbs the spectral linescapable of ionizing the major metallic atoms (Fe and Mg) so that charge exchange with ambient ions is the dominant source. Withinthe carbon dioxide atmosphere of Mars (and possibly Venus), photoionization is important in determining the ion density. For aheavy planet like Jupiter, far from the sun, impact ionization of ablated neutral atoms by impacts with molecules becomes aprominent source of ionization due to the gravitational acceleration to high incident speeds. We will describe the processes andlocation and extent of metal ion layers for Mars, Earth and Jupiter, concentrating on flagging the uncertainties in the models atthe present time. This is an important problem, because low altitude ionosphere layers for the planets, particularly at night,probably consist predominantly of metallic ions. Comparisons with Earth will be used to illustrate the differing processes in thethree planetary atmospheres.AuthorMeteoritic Composition; Ions; Ion Density (Concentration); Planetary Ionospheres; Ablation; Meteoroids

20010104657 Oak Ridge National Lab., TN USADetermination and Modeling of Error Densities in Ephemeris PredictionJones, J. P.; Beckerman, M.; Feb. 07, 1999; 16p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-771557; P99-105409; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The authors determined error densities of ephemeris predictions for 14 LEO satellites. The empirical distributions are notinconsistent with the hypothesis of a Gaussian distribution. The growth rate of radial errors are most highly correlated witheccentricityNTISSatellites; Ephemerides; Hypotheses; Low Earth Orbits; Normal Density Functions

92SOLAR PHYSICS

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20010102589 Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Inst. of Radio Astronomy, Kharkov, UkraineSolar Radar Detection of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) Final ReportKonovalenko, Allexander; Jun. 01, 2000; 25p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): F61775-96-WE-088Report No.(s): AD-A393148; EOARD-SPC-98-4052; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A03, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

This report results from a contract tasking Institute of Radio Astronomy (RIAN) as follows: The contractor will investigatethe use of powerful HF radars to detect coronal mass ejections from the sun.DTICSun; Stellar Mass Ejection; Electric Corona

20010102597 California Univ., Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Los Angeles, CA USAInteractive Learning During Solar Maximum Final Report, 1 Jul. 2000 - 30 Jun. 2001Ashour-Abdalla, Maha, California Univ., USA; [2001]; 2p; In EnglishContract(s)/Grant(s): NAG5-9693; No Copyright; Avail: CASI; A01, Hardcopy; A01, Microfiche

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The goal of this project is to develop and distribute e-educational material for space science during times of solar activity thatemphasizes underlying basic science principles of solar disturbances and their effects on Earth. This includes materials such assimulations, animations, group projects and other on-line materials to be used by students either in high school or at theintroductory college level. The on-line delivery tool originally intended to be used is known as Interactive Multimedia Educationat a Distance (IMED), which is a web-based software system used at UCLA for interactive distance learning. IMED is a passwordcontrolled system that allows students to access text, images, bulletin boards, chat rooms, animation, simulations and individualstudent web sites to study science and to collaborate on group projects.AuthorSolar Activity; Multimedia; Education; On-Line Systems; Solar Activity Effects

93SPACE RADIATION

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20010104369 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford, CA USABaryon Stopping in High Energy Collisions in the DPMJET-III ModelRoesler, S.; Dec. 11, 2000; 7p; In EnglishReport No.(s): DE2001-784799; SLAC-PUB-8734; No Copyright; Avail: Department of Energy Information Bridge, Microfiche

The significant stopping of the participant nucleons in hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions is investigated withthe Monte Carlo event generator DPMJET-III by introducing new diquark breaking diagrams. It is argued that a similarmechanism might also lead to baryon stopping in proton-proton collisions at collider and cosmic ray energies. Model results arecompared to data on net-proton rapidity distributions in central nuclear collisions. In addition, extrapolations ofspectrum-weighted moments and energy fractions to cosmic ray energies are given.NTISBaryons; Nucleons; Nuclear Interactions; Collisions

ST–1

Subject Term Index

AABLATION, 222ABSORPTION, 188ABSORPTION SPECTRA, 25ABSTRACTS, 176ABUNDANCE, 188ACCEPTABILITY, 216ACOUSTIC EMISSION, 189ACOUSTIC EXCITATION, 190ACOUSTIC FREQUENCIES, 187ACOUSTIC IMPEDANCE, 188ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENT, 16, 106,

186, 189ACOUSTIC PROPAGATION, 187, 189,

210ACOUSTIC PROPERTIES, 119ACOUSTIC SCATTERING, 186, 187,

188, 189ACOUSTIC SOUNDING, 98ACOUSTIC VELOCITY, 105, 186, 187,

203ACOUSTICS, 186ACOUSTO-OPTICS, 88ACQUISITION, 158, 166ACTIVE CONTROL, 2, 56ACTUATORS, 2, 59ADAPTIVE CONTROL, 49, 189ADAPTIVE OPTICS, 76ADDITIVES, 39ADHESIVES, 34AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY, 89AERIAL RECONNAISSANCE, 13AEROACOUSTICS, 3AERODYNAMIC CHARACTER-

ISTICS, 67AERODYNAMIC DRAG, 67AERODYNAMIC FORCES, 2AERODYNAMIC HEATING, 9AERODYNAMICS, 2AEROELASTICITY, 14AEROGELS, 34AERONAUTICS, 154AEROSOLS, 74, 84, 156AEROSPACE SCIENCES, 15AGING (BIOLOGY), 96AGING (MATERIALS), 34AGRICULTURE, 89AIR CONDITIONING, 40, 43AIR CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT, 43AIR DEFENSE, 10, 11, 14, 15AIR FLOW, 41, 67

AIR LAND INTERACTIONS, 90AIR POLLUTION, 69, 99, 102, 103AIR QUALITY, 99AIR TO AIR REFUELING, 12AIR TRAFFIC, 6AIR TRANSPORTATION, 4, 5, 6, 218AIR WATER INTERACTIONS, 116, 119AIRBORNE EQUIPMENT, 48, 86, 89,

91, 98AIRCRAFT ACCIDENTS, 3AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATION, 48AIRCRAFT DESIGN, 8AIRCRAFT ENGINES, 13, 82AIRCRAFT EQUIPMENT, 10AIRCRAFT LANDING, 4AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE, 9, 11, 12,

13, 211AIRCRAFT SAFETY, 4, 6, 11AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES, 36AIRLINE OPERATIONS, 5, 6AIRSPACE, 6AIRSPEED, 41ALGORITHMS, 2, 8, 16, 44, 71, 77, 117,

161, 188, 206ALKALI METALS, 27ALLOYING, 32, 36ALLOYS, 31, 32ALTERNATING CURRENT, 185ALTITUDE SICKNESS, 153ALUMINUM ALLOYS, 33ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS, 195ALUMINUM GALLIUM ARSENIDES,

25ALUMINUM OXIDES, 37AMBIENT TEMPERATURE, 32, 66AMINO ACIDS, 28, 191AMORPHOUS SEMICONDUCTORS,

64AMOUNT, 101ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERT-

ERS, 49ANALYSIS (MATHEMATICS), 3ANGULAR MOMENTUM, 17ANGULAR VELOCITY, 17ANNEALING, 32, 206, 208ANNUAL VARIATIONS, 117, 118ANTARCTIC REGIONS, 120ANTENNA ARRAYS, 53, 58, 61ANTENNA COMPONENTS, 53, 58ANTENNA RADIATION PATTERNS,

47ANTENNAS, 190

ANTHROPOMETRY, 167ANTIBODIES, 139, 140, 152ANTIGENS, 133, 141, 152ANTIMONY COMPOUNDS, 195ANTIOXIDANTS, 137APERTURES, 58APOLLO PROJECT, 16APOPTOSIS, 124, 128APPLICATIONS PROGRAMS (COM-

PUTERS), 169, 201ARC WELDING, 79ARCHAEOLOGY, 31ARCHITECTURE (COMPUTERS), 157,

158, 164, 166, 168, 169ARCTIC REGIONS, 96ARGON, 197ARMED FORCES, 4, 10ARMED FORCES (UNITED STATES),

45ARMOR, 81ARPA COMPUTER NETWORK, 171ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, 164,

166, 213, 214ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES, 18ASSAYING, 124, 126, 135, 139ASYMMETRY, 194ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER

MODE, 44, 49ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER,

104ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY, 96, 98,

102, 104, 105, 197ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION, 102,

103, 117, 118ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION, 87,

102, 117ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS, 84, 103ATMOSPHERIC ENTRY, 221ATMOSPHERIC GENERAL CIRCULA-

TION MODELS, 95, 117ATMOSPHERIC MODELS, 92, 116,

118, 120ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION, 97ATMOSPHERIC SOUNDING, 74, 75,

85, 86, 87, 117ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE, 97,

103, 117ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY, 24ATOMIC STRUCTURE, 208ATOMS, 194, 195ATTACK AIRCRAFT, 9, 11ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS, 47,

200

ST–2

AUDIO DATA, 51AUDITORY DEFECTS, 179AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEELS, 29,

31AUSTRALIA, 219AUTOMATA THEORY, 59, 69AUTOMATIC CONTROL, 16, 44AUTOMATION, 213AUTOMOBILES, 23AUTONOMY, 16

BBACKSCATTERING, 119, 187, 189,

201, 210BACKWARD DIFFERENCING, 177BACTERIA, 129BALANCING, 155BANDSTOP FILTERS, 53BANDWIDTH, 52, 190BARYONS, 223BAYES THEOREM, 176BEACONS, 190BEAM CURRENTS, 192BEAM INJECTION, 181BEAM INTERACTIONS, 183, 184, 185BEAMFORMING, 58BEAMS (RADIATION), 47, 182, 195,

201BEAMS (SUPPORTS), 22BETA PARTICLES, 183BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE, 91BINARY ALLOYS, 33BINDERS (MATERIALS), 39BIOASSAY, 148BIOASTRONAUTICS, 96BIODYNAMICS, 153BIOENGINEERING, 151BIOINSTRUMENTATION, 130BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 83, 127, 186BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, 219BIOMASS, 89, 94BIOMETRICS, 155, 173BIOPHYSICS, 151BIOTECHNOLOGY, 213BIPOLAR TRANSISTORS, 65BISMUTH COMPOUNDS, 57BLINDNESS, 154BLOOD VESSELS, 150BODY SIZE (BIOLOGY), 167BOILERS, 68BOLTS, 29BOLTZMANN TRANSPORT EQUA-

TION, 2, 177BONE DEMINERALIZATION, 152BONES, 152

BORN APPROXIMATION, 197BOROSILICATE GLASS, 57BOSONS, 191BOUNDARIES, 175BOUNDARY CONDITIONS, 78BOUNDARY LAYER CONTROL, 2BOUNDARY LAYER THICKNESS, 67BOUNDARY LAYER TRANSITION, 1BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS, 78,

177BREADBOARD MODELS, 86BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE, 72BROADBAND, 45BROADCASTING, 16BROKEN SYMMETRY, 185BUNCHING, 181BURNERS, 27BYPASSES, 182, 201

CCADMIUM SELENIDES, 208CALCIFEROL, 144CALIBRATING, 44, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77,

91CALIFORNIA, 93CALORIMETERS, 102, 169CANCER, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126,

127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133,134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140,141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147,148, 149, 150, 151, 197

CANONICAL FORMS, 118CANOPIES (VEGETATION), 88, 91CANYONS, 88CARBON, 97CARBON DIOXIDE, 88, 102, 104CARBON DIOXIDE CONCENTRA-

TION, 104CARBON ISOTOPES, 26CARBON MONOXIDE, 23CARBON NANOTUBES, 61, 79CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES, 22CARBONIZATION, 104CARCINOGENS, 137CASE HISTORIES, 211CASSEGRAIN OPTICS, 76CAST ALLOYS, 29CASTING, 99CATALYSIS, 18, 23CATALYSTS, 28, 57CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, 36CATHODIC COATINGS, 28CATHODOLUMINESCENCE, 191, 209CAVITATION FLOW, 193CCD CAMERAS, 75, 77CELL DIVISION, 132

CELLS (BIOLOGY), 122, 123, 124, 125,126, 128, 130, 132, 133, 134, 135,136, 139, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149

CERAMIC MATRIX COMPOSITES, 24CERAMICS, 24, 35, 39, 64, 207CERIUM, 26CHANGE DETECTION, 89CHANNEL FLOW, 65CHAOS, 185CHARACTERIZATION, 39, 79CHARGED PARTICLES, 158, 185, 194,

196CHARM (PARTICLE PHYSICS), 184,

193CHECKOUT, 216CHELATES, 140CHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 26, 36, 208CHEMICAL BONDS, 31CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, 29, 208CHEMICAL ENERGY, 121CHEMICAL LASERS, 78CHEMICAL REACTIONS, 23, 106CHEMICAL WARFARE, 127CHEMORECEPTORS, 130CHEMOTHERAPY, 127, 128, 133, 149,

151CHINA, 88, 89CHIPS (ELECTRONICS), 64CHLORINE, 96CHLOROPHYLLS, 19, 88, 97CHROMATOGRAPHY, 28, 96CHROMOSOMES, 121, 138CIRCUITS, 62, 163, 182CITIES, 51, 98, 103CLASSIFICATIONS, 16, 216CLASSIFIERS, 16CLEANING, 103, 190CLIMATE, 119, 120CLIMATE CHANGE, 84CLIMATE MODELS, 118CLIMATOLOGY, 45CLINICAL MEDICINE, 133, 141, 151CLONING (BIOLOGY), 133, 143CLOTHING, 167CLOUD COVER, 117CLOUD HEIGHT INDICATORS, 45CLOUD PHYSICS, 45, 115CLOUDS (METEOROLOGY), 45COAL, 38COAL DERIVED LIQUIDS, 38COATINGS, 19, 207COBALT ALLOYS, 80COHERENT RADIATION, 78, 185COLD PLASMAS, 67COLLISIONS, 182, 184, 203, 223COLOR, 174, 221

ST–3

COMBAT, 10, 11, 14COMBINATIONS (MATHEMATICS),

157COMBUSTION, 25, 26, 210COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, 29COMBUSTION PHYSICS, 41COMMAND AND CONTROL, 8, 44, 45,

48, 49, 51, 158, 171, 213COMMERCIAL OFF-THE-SHELF

PRODUCTS, 61, 158COMMERCIALIZATION, 39COMMUNICATION, 45, 51, 190COMMUNICATION CABLES, 63COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, 50,

51, 163, 214COMPATIBILITY, 21COMPLEX SYSTEMS, 21, 48, 51, 162,

166, 167COMPONENT RELIABILITY, 179COMPOSITE MATERIALS, 21, 28, 61,

65COMPOSITE PROPELLANTS, 39COMPOSITE STRUCTURES, 22, 23COMPOSITION (PROPERTY), 29COMPRESSION TESTS, 105COMPRESSORS, 54COMPUTATION, 199COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAM-

ICS, 2, 3, 66COMPUTATIONAL GRIDS, 94, 118,

157COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN, 26COMPUTER INFORMATION

SECURITY, 148, 168, 171, 172,173, 214

COMPUTER NETWORKS, 52, 160,172, 212, 217

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING, 59, 75,161, 163, 165, 196

COMPUTER PROGRAMS, 12, 49, 64,81, 82, 102, 148, 157, 160, 162, 166,167, 168, 177

COMPUTER TECHNIQUES, 134, 156,157

COMPUTER VIRUSES, 172COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION, 21,

23, 44, 51, 64, 65, 94, 104, 142, 159,162, 191, 199

CONCRETE STRUCTURES, 105CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, 210CONDUCTIVE HEAT TRANSFER, 206CONDUCTORS, 207CONFERENCES, 21, 31, 41, 51, 53, 54,

55, 62, 63, 78, 81, 85, 99, 127, 154,170, 176, 192, 219, 220

CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT,169

CONGRESSIONAL REPORTS, 151,171, 215

CONNECTICUT, 83CONSERVATION LAWS, 68, 69CONSTRUCTION, 73CONTAMINANTS, 83, 93, 99, 103CONTAMINATION, 93, 99, 129, 186CONTINUOUS RADIATION, 55, 190,

194CONTINUOUS WAVE LASERS, 78CONTINUUMS, 182CONTOURS, 66CONTRACT NEGOTIATION, 219CONTRACTORS, 142CONTROL, 131, 174CONTROL EQUIPMENT, 2, 53CONTROL SYSTEMS DESIGN, 2, 175CONTROL THEORY, 175CONTROLLABILITY, 215CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER, 66CONVEYORS, 81COOLING, 65, 181, 194COOLING SYSTEMS, 43, 60CORRECTION, 164CORROSION, 19, 105COSMOLOGY, 219COST REDUCTION, 27COSTS, 93, 94COUNTERMEASURES, 47COUPLES, 95COUPLING, 196, 203COUPLING COEFFICIENTS, 18COUPLINGS, 180COVALENT BONDS, 36CRACK PROPAGATION, 30, 82, 179CRACK TIPS, 22, 82CRACKS, 82CREEP PROPERTIES, 35CREEP STRENGTH, 29, 35CRIME, 155CROP VIGOR, 89CROSS FLOW, 1, 2CRYPTOGRAPHY, 52, 168CRYSTAL GROWTH, 191CRYSTAL LATTICES, 208CRYSTAL STRUCTURE, 181, 208CRYSTALLINITY, 36, 181, 206CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, 20, 52, 207, 208CRYSTALS, 201CUES, 156CULTURE TECHNIQUES, 133, 146CYCLES, 40CYCLIC LOADS, 152CYSTEINE, 153

DDAMAGE, 22, 23DATA, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113,

114, 115DATA ACQUISITION, 83, 104DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYS-

TEMS, 164, 217, 218DATA BASES, 145, 148, 162, 216, 217DATA COMPRESSION, 86DATA LINKS, 7, 43DATA MANAGEMENT, 81DATA PROCESSING, 86, 87, 148, 158,

165, 168, 170, 173, 203, 205, 214DATA REDUCTION, 88, 89DATA RETRIEVAL, 86, 97DATA SIMULATION, 86DATA STORAGE, 158, 217DATA TRANSMISSION, 44, 86DEATH, 134DECAY RATES, 183DECEPTION, 214DECISION MAKING, 5, 7, 40DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS, 165,

166DECISION THEORY, 87DECOMPOSITION, 18, 88DEFECTS, 32DEFENSE PROGRAM, 8, 31, 62, 157,

163, 169, 171, 177, 212, 215DEFORMATION, 35DEGREES OF FREEDOM, 181DEHUMIDIFICATION, 42DENSE PLASMAS, 202DENSIFICATION, 80DENSITY (NUMBER/VOLUME), 183,

192DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID, 124,

128, 130, 133, 143, 144, 147, 218DEPLOYMENT, 40, 162DEPOLARIZATION, 183DEPOSITION, 205DEPTH MEASUREMENT, 32DESICCANTS, 42DESIGN ANALYSIS, 4, 43, 46, 64, 80,

194, 195DETECTION, 156DETECTORS, 76DETONATION, 26DETONATION WAVES, 25, 179DEUTERIUM, 194DIAGNOSIS, 13, 126, 130, 131, 134,

146, 150, 197DIAPHRAGMS (MECHANICS), 188DIELECTRICS, 47DIESEL ENGINES, 41, 210DIESEL FUELS, 39

ST–4

DIETS, 149DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS, 78, 175DIFFUSE RADIATION, 74DIFFUSION, 21, 65, 84, 178DIGESTING, 152DIGESTIVE SYSTEM, 154DIGITAL SIMULATION, 162DIGITAL SYSTEMS, 44, 49, 59, 61, 131,

145, 150, 163, 171, 214DIHYDRIDES, 26DIPOLE ANTENNAS, 61DIRICHLET PROBLEM, 68DISCONTINUITY, 175DISEASES, 127, 145DISPERSING, 69DISPLAY DEVICES, 59, 60DISSIPATION, 185DISTORTION, 197DISTRIBUTED INTERACTIVE SIM-

ULATION, 167DISTRIBUTED MEMORY, 168DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING, 165DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS, 176DIURNAL VARIATIONS, 92, 97, 140DOCUMENT MARKUP LANGUAGES,

161, 164, 165DOCUMENTS, 215DOPAMINE, 121DOPED CRYSTALS, 56, 206DOPPLER EFFECT, 190DOPPLER RADAR, 47DOWNLINKING, 43DRAG REDUCTION, 2, 67DRIFT RATE, 203DRUGS, 127DUCT GEOMETRY, 66DUCTED FLOW, 66DURABILITY, 22, 36DUST, 222DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS, 164DYNAMIC LOADS, 22DYNAMIC RANGE, 49DYNAMICS, 69

EEARTH ENVIRONMENT, 75EARTH IONOSPHERE, 107, 108, 109,

110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115EARTH MAGNETOSPHERE, 107, 108,

109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115EARTH OBSERVATIONS (FROM

SPACE), 73EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEM (EOS),

16, 75EARTH RADIATION BUDGET, 103

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, 53ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, 218ECONOMICS, 218ECONOMY, 211ECOSYSTEMS, 85EDUCATION, 40, 41, 139, 154, 167,

213, 218, 223EIGENVALUES, 169EIGENVECTORS, 177EJECTION SEATS, 6ELASTIC PROPERTIES, 22ELECTRIC AUTOMOBILES, 94ELECTRIC CHARGE, 183ELECTRIC CORONA, 222ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE, 94ELECTRIC FIELDS, 180ELECTRIC GENERATORS, 94ELECTRIC HYBRID VEHICLES, 101ELECTRIC MOTORS, 64ELECTRIC POTENTIAL, 204ELECTRIC POWER, 93ELECTRIC POWER PLANTS, 94ELECTRO-OPTICS, 34, 52, 72, 201, 209ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS, 94ELECTROCHEMISTRY, 28, 194ELECTRODE MATERIALS, 28ELECTRODES, 28, 33, 61, 93ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, 46,

127, 176ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPULSION,

67ELECTROMAGNETISM, 46ELECTROMYOGRAPHY, 140ELECTRON EMISSION, 178ELECTRON MOBILITY, 185ELECTRON STATES, 26, 194ELECTRON TRANSFER, 196, 205ELECTRON TUNNELING, 205ELECTRONIC COUNTERMEASURES,

171ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT, 9, 53, 63ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE, 195, 206ELECTRONIC WARFARE, 13, 47ELECTRONS, 183, 185, 196ELECTROSTATIC PROBES, 29, 203ELEMENTARY PARTICLE INTER-

ACTIONS, 193ELEMENTARY PARTICLES, 195ELLIPSOMETRY, 24, 25ELLIPTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUA-

TIONS, 68EMBRITTLEMENT, 31EMBRYOS, 121EMISSION, 103EMISSION SPECTRA, 60EMISSIVITY, 50, 64, 91

EMITTERS, 50, 64, 65, 178EMOTIONAL FACTORS, 138EMPLOYMENT, 81ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, 124ENDOSCOPES, 201ENERGY CONSERVATION, 43ENERGY CONSUMPTION, 98ENERGY CONVERSION, 94ENERGY DISSIPATION, 98, 193ENERGY GAPS (SOLID STATE), 56,

60, 204ENERGY METHODS, 106ENERGY TRANSFER, 191, 193ENGINE TESTS, 41ENGINEERING, 41, 176ENGINEERS, 41ENGINES, 42ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT, 99ENVIRONMENT MODELS, 99, 102ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION, 99ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANUP, 99ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING,

102ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, 100ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEYS, 93ENZYME ACTIVITY, 137ENZYMES, 128, 142EPHEMERIDES, 222EPIDEMIOLOGY, 122, 145, 148EPITHELIUM, 124, 126, 135, 137, 147EPOXY MATRIX COMPOSITES, 22EPOXY RESINS, 34EQUATIONS OF STATE, 68EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS, 74ERBIUM, 207EROSION, 20ERROR ANALYSIS, 58, 87ERROR DETECTION CODES, 160ERRORS, 87ERYTHROCYTES, 129ESCHERICHIA, 218ESTERS, 25ESTIMATES, 116ESTROGENS, 135, 136, 140, 143, 147ETCHING, 25ETHNIC FACTORS, 122, 131, 145, 150EVALUATION, 6, 177EVAPORATIVE COOLING, 42EVAPORATORS, 66EVOLUTION, 21EXAMINATION, 131EXCIMER LASERS, 37EXCITATION, 188, 210EXHAUST EMISSION, 84, 99EXHAUST GASES, 69

ST–5

EXPERIMENT DESIGN, 80EXPERIMENTATION, 46EXPLOSIVES, 26, 39EXPOSURE, 127, 131, 153, 179EXTRACTION, 100EYE (ANATOMY), 154EYE EXAMINATIONS, 154

FF-18 AIRCRAFT, 12FABRICATION, 55, 57, 59, 63, 64, 76,

123, 182, 195, 202FABRICS, 190FAILURE ANALYSIS, 64FATIGUE (MATERIALS), 22, 82, 152,

179FATIGUE LIFE, 179FATIGUE TESTS, 82, 179FATTY ACIDS, 133, 149FAULT TOLERANCE, 160FEEDBACK, 217FEEDBACK CONTROL, 16FEMALES, 136FERMIONS, 182FIBER COMPOSITES, 23FIBER OPTICS, 71, 78, 200, 201FIBER ORIENTATION, 23FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS, 55FIELD OF VIEW, 72FIELD TESTS, 84FIELD-PROGRAMMABLE GATE

ARRAYS, 59, 163FIGHTER AIRCRAFT, 4FINE STRUCTURE, 64FINITE DIFFERENCE THEORY, 175FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN

METHOD, 77FINITE ELEMENT METHOD, 2, 8, 12,

23, 176FINITE VOLUME METHOD, 3, 118,

178FINS, 8FIRE CONTROL, 11FISSIONABLE MATERIALS, 177FLAT SURFACES, 19FLIGHT CONTROL, 4FLIGHT OPERATIONS, 3, 16FLIGHT SAFETY, 4, 5, 6FLIGHT TESTS, 10FLIGHT TRAINING, 5, 154FLIR DETECTORS, 11, 46FLOW CHARACTERISTICS, 69FLOW DISTRIBUTION, 24, 69, 193FLOW EQUATIONS, 118FLOW MEASUREMENT, 34, 69

FLOW STABILITY, 69FLOW VELOCITY, 24FLUE GASES, 103FLUID DYNAMICS, 66FLUID FLOW, 66, 68FLUID MECHANICS, 70FLUID-SOLID INTERACTIONS, 2FLUORESCENCE, 19FLUOROCARBONS, 36FLUX DIFFERENCE SPLITTING, 3FOAMS, 6, 33FOCAL PLANE DEVICES, 74, 76FOIL BEARINGS, 79FOILS (MATERIALS), 196FORECASTING, 117FORESTS, 89, 91FORMATES, 20FOUNDATIONS, 211FOURIER TRANSFORMATION, 72, 73,

86, 92FRACTALS, 207FRACTURES (MATERIALS), 84, 152FRACTURING, 22, 31, 206FRAGMENTS, 152FREE ELECTRON LASERS, 79, 200FREE ENERGY, 121, 206FREEZING, 93FREQUENCIES, 53FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLEX-

ING, 53FROST, 93FUEL CELLS, 93FUEL COMBUSTION, 27FUEL CONSUMPTION, 41FUEL CONTAMINATION, 100FUEL FLOW, 27FUEL SYSTEMS, 27, 39FUELS, 94FURNACES, 35

GGALACTIC CLUSTERS, 220GALAXIES, 220GALERKIN METHOD, 178GALLIUM ARSENIDES, 25, 65, 206GALLIUM NITRIDES, 206GAME THEORY, 156, 218GAS DETECTORS, 36GAS GENERATORS, 78GAS IONIZATION, 67, 197, 202GAS PRESSURE, 35GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING, 80GAS TURBINE ENGINES, 82GASEOUS FUELS, 27

GASOLINE, 101GAUGE THEORY, 181, 182GELS, 28, 33GENE EXPRESSION, 125, 133, 145GENERAL AVIATION AIRCRAFT, 6,

211GENERAL OVERVIEWS, 100GENES, 121, 124, 125, 127, 128, 132,

134, 135, 137, 143, 145, 146, 147GENETIC ALGORITHMS, 13, 191GENETIC CODE, 138GENETIC ENGINEERING, 133, 143GENETICS, 132, 133, 138, 144, 145,

146, 147, 148, 151, 218GENOME, 217GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYS-

TEMS, 90GEOLOGY, 84GEOMORPHOLOGY, 88, 106GEOPHYSICS, 210GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT, 95GEOSTROPHIC WIND, 104GEOSYNCHRONOUS ORBITS, 72, 74,

86GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING, 93GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES, 94GEOTHERMAL TECHNOLOGY, 80GERMANIUM, 64GLASS, 35GLASS LASERS, 202GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERA-

TURE, 36GLASSY CARBON, 37GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM, 7,

8, 17GLUONS, 183, 192, 203GOGGLES, 71GRADIENTS, 66GRAIN BOUNDARIES, 31, 191GRATINGS (SPECTRA), 97GRAVITATIONAL EFFECTS, 16GRAVITATIONAL LENSES, 220GREENHOUSES, 101GRINDING MACHINES, 42GROUND BASED CONTROL, 204GROUND PENETRATING RADAR, 48GROUND WATER, 83, 84GROUND WIND, 117GROWTH, 133, 137, 149GYROSCOPES, 17

HHADRONS, 184HALL EFFECT, 64HALOS, 196

ST–6

HARDNESS, 30HARMONICS, 183HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, 99HAZARDS, 90, 153, 186HEALTH, 127, 142, 151, 153, 211HEAT BUDGET, 92HEAT FLUX, 92HEAT ISLANDS, 103HEAT MEASUREMENT, 38HEAT PIPES, 66, 68HEAT SHIELDING, 60HEAT SINKS, 66HEAT TRANSFER, 19HEAVING, 93HEAVY METALS, 193HELICOPTERS, 3, 12HELIOSPHERE, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,

112, 113, 114, 115HELIUM ISOTOPES, 196HELMET MOUNTED DISPLAYS, 156HETEROGENEITY, 106, 141HETEROJUNCTIONS, 65HEURISTIC METHODS, 44, 161HIGH ALTITUDE, 86HIGH ENERGY INTERACTIONS, 195,

198HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGES, 161HIGH STRENGTH ALLOYS, 82HIGH TEMPERATURE, 28, 35, 58, 60HIGH TEMPERATURE SUPERCON-

DUCTORS, 57HIGH TEMPERATURE TESTS, 62HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, 146HISTOLOGY, 137, 152HISTORIES, 11, 14HOLLOW CATHODES, 64HORMONES, 149HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING, 22HOT PRESSING, 35HUMAN BODY, 152, 167HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING, 6,

13, 60, 179HUMAN PERFORMANCE, 11, 45, 153,

155HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERFACE, 59HUMIDITY, 97HYDRODYNAMICS, 178, 187HYDROGEN, 36, 121, 202HYDROGEN EMBRITTLEMENT, 30HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, 18HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, 39HYDROGENATION, 28HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE, 103HYDROLOGY, 58, 83HYPERBOLIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUA-

TIONS, 178

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS, 178HYPERION, 73HYPERSONIC BOUNDARY LAYER,

67HYPERTHERMIA, 149HYPOTHESES, 222

IICE CLOUDS, 96, 222IDEAL FLUIDS, 69IMAGE ANALYSIS, 44, 51, 129IMAGE INTENSIFIERS, 77IMAGE PROCESSING, 46, 92, 145, 172IMAGE RESOLUTION, 77IMAGERY, 46IMAGES, 15, 46IMAGING SPECTROMETERS, 72, 73,

74, 86IMAGING TECHNIQUES, 29, 76, 77,

80, 86, 90, 115, 174, 183, 197, 208,216

IMMUNOLOGY, 9, 130, 137, 152IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT, 188IMPULSES, 18IMPURITIES, 31IN VITRO METHODS AND TESTS,

142IN VIVO METHODS AND TESTS, 147,

149INCINERATORS, 141INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW, 69INCREASING, 211INDIUM ANTIMONIDES, 76INDIUM GALLIUM ARSENIDES, 65,

206INDOOR AIR POLLUTION, 99, 192INDUSTRIAL AREAS, 90INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT, 6, 213INDUSTRIES, 93INELASTIC SCATTERING, 194, 207,

210INEQUALITIES, 52INERTIAL PLATFORMS, 17INFILTRATION, 41INFORMATION ANALYSIS, 217INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, 3,

217INFORMATION RESOURCES MAN-

AGEMENT, 160INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, 159, 164,

213INFORMATION SYSTEMS, 9, 49, 145,

163, 164, 171, 172, 173, 212, 213,214, 215, 216

INFORMATION TRANSFER, 158, 160INFRARED DETECTORS, 48, 63

INFRARED IMAGERY, 23, 76, 115, 159,174

INFRARED INSTRUMENTS, 91INFRARED RADIATION, 50, 60INFRARED SPECTRA, 98INFRARED SPECTROMETERS, 73, 75INHIBITORS, 133INJECTORS, 181INORGANIC PEROXIDES, 137INSTRUCTORS, 16INSULIN, 130INTEGRATED CIRCUITS, 55INTELLIGENCE, 7, 48, 156, 213INTERCALIBRATION, 19INTERFACES, 159INTERFEROMETERS, 86, 98INTERFEROMETRY, 55, 194INTERMETALLICS, 31, 32INTERMITTENCY, 104INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES,

100INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, 5,

218INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, 219INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF

UNITS, 180INTERNETS, 173, 217INTEROPERABILITY, 8, 40, 161, 167,

168, 169INTERPROCESSOR COMMUNICA-

TION, 49, 51, 168, 171INTERSYMBOLIC INTERFERENCE,

189INVARIANCE, 182INVENTORIES, 12, 154INVERSIONS, 119ION ACCELERATORS, 197ION BEAMS, 192, 197ION DENSITY (CONCENTRATION),

222ION IMPLANTATION, 32, 55, 203, 208ION SOURCES, 203IONIC COLLISIONS, 193IONIC REACTIONS, 20IONIZATION, 20, 27, 196IONIZED GASES, 67IONIZING RADIATION, 96IONS, 33, 121, 222IRON, 26, 99IRRADIANCE, 200IRRADIATION, 29, 38IRRIGATION, 83ISOTOPES, 26ITALY, 90

ST–7

JJAMMING, 48JAPAN, 106JET ENGINE FUELS, 9, 38JET EXHAUST, 84JET FLOW, 78JOINTS (JUNCTIONS), 31JP-8 JET FUEL, 39

KKALMAN FILTERS, 17KNOWLEDGE BASED SYSTEMS, 166

LLABORATORIES, 84, 100LAMINATES, 22LANDSAT 5, 92LANDSAT 7, 92LANDSLIDES, 88LANTHANUM COMPOUNDS, 202LARGE EDDY SIMULATION, 65LASER ALTIMETERS, 68LASER APPLICATIONS, 19, 190, 202LASER ARRAYS, 78LASER BEAMS, 78, 194LASER INDUCED FLUORESCENCE,

77LASER OUTPUTS, 200LASER RANGE FINDERS, 78LASER SPECTROSCOPY, 192LASERS, 52LASING, 52LATENT HEAT, 92LEAKAGE, 56LEARNING THEORY, 154LEAST SQUARES METHOD, 81LEAVES, 88LEPTONS, 182LEUKOCYTES, 153LIBRARIES, 168LIGANDS, 20, 26, 135LIGHT (VISIBLE RADIATION), 97LIGHT MODULATORS, 55LINEAR ACCELERATORS, 180, 181,

183, 184, 201LINEAR SYSTEMS, 169LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY, 19LIQUID CRYSTALS, 34, 69LIQUID FUELS, 27LIQUID PHASES, 20LIQUID SODIUM, 60LITHIUM ALLOYS, 33LITHIUM BATTERIES, 61LITHIUM COMPOUNDS, 190

LITHIUM NIOBATES, 55LITHOLOGY, 105LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY, 179LOAD DISTRIBUTION (FORCES), 179LOADS (FORCES), 29LOCAL AREA NETWORKS, 50LOG PERIODIC ANTENNAS, 53LOGISTICS, 156LONG RANGE WEATHER FORE-

CASTING, 118LOW EARTH ORBITS, 222LOW NOISE, 63LOW TEMPERATURE, 96, 203LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS, 207LUBRICANTS, 19, 35LUBRICATION, 35LUMINOSITY, 180, 192, 219LUNAR EVOLUTION, 73LUNAR EXPLORATION, 16LUNAR LANDING, 16LUNAR SURFACE, 73

MMACHINE LEARNING, 172, 213MACHINERY, 35MAGNESIUM ALLOYS, 29MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS, 202MAGNETIC FIELDS, 57, 180, 185, 202,

204MAGNETIC INDUCTION, 77MAGNETIC MATERIALS, 205MAGNETIC RESONANCE, 197MAGNETS, 80, 185MAINTENANCE TRAINING, 6MALES, 139MAMMARY GLANDS, 122, 123, 124,

125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131,132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 140,143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150,151, 197

MAN ENVIRONMENT INTER-ACTIONS, 189

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYS-TEMS, 3, 162

MANAGEMENT PLANNING, 102, 141,169

MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, 142, 212,217

MANNED SPACECRAFT, 15MANUALS, 13MANUFACTURING, 61, 64, 79, 99, 156MARINE ENVIRONMENTS, 119MARKERS, 123, 146MARKET RESEARCH, 5MARS (PLANET), 221, 222MARS ATMOSPHERE, 222

MARS SURFACE, 221MASKS, 156MASS SPECTROSCOPY, 20, 136MASSACHUSETTS, 220MASSIVE STARS, 220MASTICATION, 140MATHEMATICAL MODELS, 12, 21,

23, 51, 62, 71, 87, 97, 103, 106, 125,210, 214, 217, 218, 221

MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTI-MATES, 50

MAXWELL EQUATION, 106MAXWELL-BOLTZMANN DENSITY

FUNCTION, 203MEAN SQUARE VALUES, 118MEASURE AND INTEGRATION, 195MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, 164MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, 40MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, 30, 31,

33, 105, 205MEDICAL EQUIPMENT, 142MEDICAL SCIENCE, 139, 152MEDICAL SERVICES, 125, 127, 141MEMBRANES, 151, 194MEMORY (COMPUTERS), 162MESOSCALE PHENOMENA, 119METABOLISM, 121, 133METAL COATINGS, 28METAL COMPOUNDS, 25METAL FILMS, 23, 36METAL GRINDING, 42METAL IONS, 20, 36, 140METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES, 21METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTORS,

55METAL SURFACES, 35METAL WORKING, 42METALLIC GLASSES, 36METALORGANIC CHEMICAL VAPOR

DEPOSITION, 207METALS, 32METASTABLE STATE, 106METEOR TRAILS, 118METEORITIC COMPOSITION, 222METEOROIDS, 118, 219, 222METEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS,

104METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS,

74, 98METEOROLOGICAL RADAR, 7, 47,

116, 118METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITES, 90METHOD OF MOMENTS, 47, 50METHYL COMPOUNDS, 201METRIC SPACE, 92METROLOGY, 200MICE, 136

ST–8

MICHELSON INTERFEROMETERS,87

MICROCLIMATOLOGY, 104MICROCRACKS, 206MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYS-

TEMS, 2, 18, 54, 56, 57, 59, 60, 76MICROELECTRONICS, 58, 59, 123MICROHARDNESS, 35MICROINSTRUMENTATION, 2, 63MICROMECHANICS, 23MICROORGANISMS, 121MICROPOLAR FLUIDS, 69MICROPROCESSORS, 8, 61, 158MICROSCOPY, 34, 58MICROSTRUCTURE, 21, 24, 31, 33,

205MICROTHRUST, 18MICROWAVE ANTENNAS, 61MICROWAVE CIRCUITS, 60MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS, 58MICROWAVES, 127, 176MIE SCATTERING, 29MILITARY AIRCRAFT, 10, 11, 14MILITARY HELICOPTERS, 11MILITARY OPERATIONS, 4, 7, 15, 31,

49, 125, 163, 173MILITARY TECHNOLOGY, 13, 53, 78,

170MILITARY VEHICLES, 51, 54, 55, 62MINE DETECTORS, 48MINERALOGY, 105MINERALS, 73, 104MINES (ORDNANCE), 48MINIATURIZATION, 18, 57, 64, 130MINORITIES, 139MISSILE DETECTION, 174MITOCHONDRIA, 137MIXING RATIOS, 88MIXTURES, 38MODELS, 64, 79MOISTURE CONTENT, 48, 88MOLDING MATERIALS, 37MOLECULAR ELECTRONICS, 54, 59,

123MOLECULAR INTERACTIONS, 123MOLECULAR STRUCTURE, 123, 191MOLECULES, 24, 33, 123, 126, 194MOMENTUM TRANSFER, 181MONOPROPELLANTS, 18MONTE CARLO METHOD, 177, 184,

196, 221MOON, 73MOUNTAINS, 89MOVING TARGET INDICATORS, 76MULTIDISCIPLINARY DESIGN OPTI-

MIZATION, 8

MULTIMEDIA, 223MULTIPHASE FLOW, 68MULTISENSOR APPLICATIONS, 90,

175MULTISENSOR FUSION, 174, 175, 214MULTISPECTRAL LINEAR ARRAYS,

74MULTISTATIC RADAR, 46MULTIVARIATE STATISTICAL ANAL-

YSIS, 41MUONS, 194MURCHISON METEORITE, 26MUSCLES, 140, 153MUTATIONS, 132, 133, 147

NNANOCOMPOSITES, 208NANOCRYSTALS, 22, 208NANOSTRUCTURE (CHARACTER-

ISTICS), 79, 205NANOSTRUCTURES (DEVICES), 123,

185, 205, 206NANOTECHNOLOGY, 54, 123, 213NARROWBAND, 45NASA SPACE PROGRAMS, 70NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM, 3NAVIGATION AIDS, 3NAVIGATORS, 155, 167NAVY, 8, 214NEAR FIELDS, 34NEAR INFRARED RADIATION, 34, 86NECK (ANATOMY), 153NEODYMIUM LASERS, 55NEOPLASMS, 136, 139, 140NEURAL NETS, 13, 44, 117, 172, 174,

216NEUROPHYSIOLOGY, 121NEUTRAL ATOMS, 195NEUTRON COUNTERS, 196NEUTRON SCATTERING, 21, 207, 210NEUTRONS, 21, 196, 199NICKEL ALLOYS, 207NICKEL CADMIUM BATTERIES, 10NIGHT SKY, 98NIGHT VISION, 71NITROGEN, 88, 97NITROGEN COMPOUNDS, 105NITROGEN DIOXIDE, 97NITROGEN OXIDES, 124NOISE (SOUND), 80NOISE PREDICTION, 3NOISE REDUCTION, 70NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTS, 80, 81NONINTRUSIVE MEASUREMENT, 80NONLINEAR OPTICS, 191, 199

NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING, 161NONLINEAR SYSTEMS, 175NONLINEARITY, 201NONPARAMETRIC STATISTICS, 176NORMAL DENSITY FUNCTIONS, 222NUCLEAR ELECTRIC POWER GEN-

ERATION, 217NUCLEAR INTERACTIONS, 184, 223NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE,

34, 36NUCLEAR PARTICLES, 191NUCLEAR PHYSICS, 193, 197NUCLEAR RADIATION, 57, 197NUCLEATION, 27, 33, 80NUCLEONS, 194, 223NUMERICAL ANALYSIS, 44, 47, 50,

177NUTRITION, 149

OOCEAN BOTTOM, 93, 106, 119, 187OCEAN CURRENTS, 119OCEAN MODELS, 116, 120OCEAN SURFACE, 120OCEANOGRAPHIC PARAMETERS,

119, 186OCEANOGRAPHY, 119, 200OCEANS, 85OGIVES, 194OILS, 101ON-LINE SYSTEMS, 223OPERATING SYSTEMS (COMPUT-

ERS), 165OPERATING TEMPERATURE, 66OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS, 47OPERATORS (MATHEMATICS), 175OPTICAL COMMUNICATION, 200OPTICAL EQUIPMENT, 79OPTICAL FIBERS, 78OPTICAL MEASUREMENT, 201OPTICAL PROPERTIES, 28, 52, 71,

200, 202OPTICAL SWITCHING, 56OPTICAL THICKNESS, 74OPTICS, 200OPTIMIZATION, 180, 190OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES, 56, 63ORBITAL VELOCITY, 190ORDNANCE, 77ORGANIZATIONS, 211ORGANOMETALLIC COMPOUNDS,

20, 26ORGANS, 138ORTHOGONAL FUNCTIONS, 118OSCILLATIONS, 184OSCILLATORS, 55, 204

ST–9

OVARIES, 134, 145OVERPRESSURE, 153OXIDATION, 105, 137OXIDATION-REDUCTION REAC-

TIONS, 93OXIDES, 32OXYGEN, 23, 78, 124OZONE, 96, 98, 117OZONE DEPLETION, 96

PP-N-P JUNCTIONS, 65P-TYPE SEMICONDUCTORS, 206PACIFIC OCEAN, 117PACKET SWITCHING, 56PAIN, 150PAINTS, 36PALLADIUM, 36PARALLEL PROCESSING (COMPUT-

ERS), 92, 169, 183, 196PARAMETER IDENTIFICATION, 23,

40PARAMETRIC AMPLIFIERS, 55PARTICLE BEAMS, 185, 196PARTICLE COLLISIONS, 184PARTICLE DECAY, 182, 183PARTICLE DIFFUSION, 66PARTICLE ENERGY, 202PARTICLE IMAGE VELOCIMETRY, 70PARTICLE MOTION, 185PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION, 156PARTICLES, 70PARTICULATES, 98, 103PATENT APPLICATIONS, 53, 178PATHOGENESIS, 152PATHOLOGY, 124PATIENTS, 129, 138, 150PATTERN RECOGNITION, 75, 102, 174PEPSIN, 152PEPTIDES, 123, 141, 191PERCOLATION, 206PERFORMANCE PREDICTION, 64,

214PERFORMANCE TESTS, 29, 64, 81, 95,

102PERIODIC VARIATIONS, 46PERMALLOYS (TRADEMARK), 59PERMITTIVITY, 9PERSONNEL, 81PERTURBATION, 68, 122, 157PERTURBATION THEORY, 182PETROLOGY, 207PHASE LOCKED SYSTEMS, 78, 204PHASE SHIFT, 204

PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS, 24, 38,46

PHONONS, 207PHOSPHATES, 20PHOSPHORYLATION, 123, 135, 142PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS, 26PHOTOIONIZATION, 197PHOTOLYSIS, 96PHOTOMETERS, 56, 74PHOTON BEAMS, 201PHOTON DENSITY, 97PHOTONS, 193, 199PHOTOSENSITIVITY, 201PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY, 209PHYSICAL PROPERTIES, 105, 106PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS, 125, 153PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES, 139PHYSIOLOGY, 149PIEZOELECTRIC MOTORS, 64PILOT PERFORMANCE, 7PILOT TRAINING, 6, 154PILOTLESS AIRCRAFT, 10, 11, 12PILOTS, 43PILOTS (PERSONNEL), 155PINHOLES, 202PIPES (TUBES), 68, 80PLANAR STRUCTURES, 204PLANETARY IONOSPHERES, 222PLANNING, 177PLANT STRESS, 89PLANTS (BOTANY), 96PLASMA ANTENNAS, 61PLASMA CONTROL, 204PLASMA DRIFT, 203PLASMA ENGINES, 18PLASMAS (PHYSICS), 67, 192, 193,

202, 203, 204PLASTIC DEFORMATION, 22PLATELETS, 129PLATES (STRUCTURAL MEMBERS),

82PLATES (TECTONICS), 106PLATINUM, 23, 93PLUG NOZZLES, 3PLUTONIUM, 198POINCARE SPHERES, 46POINTING CONTROL SYSTEMS, 72POISONS, 125POLAR METEOROLOGY, 96POLAR/GGS SPACECRAFT, 107, 108,

109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115POLARIMETRY, 46POLARIZATION (WAVES), 46POLICIES, 5, 173, 215, 219POLLUTION CONTROL, 99, 103POLLUTION MONITORING, 83

POLYACRYLONITRILE, 96POLYCRYSTALS, 30, 205, 206POLYETHYLENES, 21, 84POLYMER BLENDS, 33POLYMERIZATION, 39POLYMERS, 9, 24, 33, 34, 36, 38POPULATIONS, 176POROSITY, 37, 84POROUS MATERIALS, 50, 68PORPHYRINS, 194POSITION (LOCATION), 81, 190POSITIONING, 17POWDER (PARTICLES), 35PRECESSION, 183PRECIPITATES, 33PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY),

116PRECISION, 182PREDICTION ANALYSIS TECH-

NIQUES, 1, 184PREDICTIONS, 95, 189PRESSURE BREATHING, 140PRESSURE EFFECTS, 67PRESSURE GRADIENTS, 22PRESSURE SENSORS, 63PREVENTION, 211PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALY-

SIS, 117, 216PRINTED CIRCUITS, 37PROBABILITY THEORY, 161PROBLEM SOLVING, 157, 166PROCEDURES, 45, 202, 216PROCUREMENT, 170PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT, 71, 156,

163PRODUCTION, 193PROGNOSIS, 128PROGRAM VERIFICATION (COM-

PUTERS), 165, 168, 199PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES, 162,

165PROGRAMS, 53PROJECTILES, 9PROPAGATION, 24PROPANE, 25PROPORTIONAL CONTROL, 23PROPULSION SYSTEM CONFIGU-

RATIONS, 18, 65PROPYLENE, 68PROSTATE GLAND, 121, 122, 125, 126,

127, 129, 132, 133, 138, 139, 141,143, 144, 146, 148, 149, 150

PROTEASE, 136PROTECTION, 171PROTECTIVE COATINGS, 36PROTEINS, 122, 123, 124, 125, 132,

135, 136, 141, 142, 143, 218

ST–10

PROTON BEAMS, 193, 194PROTONS, 96, 192PROTOTYPES, 167PROVING, 46PSYCHOLOGY, 138, 139PUBLIC HEALTH, 144, 151PULSE COMMUNICATION, 170PULSE DETONATION ENGINES, 25PULSED LASER DEPOSITION, 191PULSED LASERS, 18, 77PYRITES, 105

QQUALITY CONTROL, 84, 169QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS, 133QUANTUM CHROMODYNAMICS,

181QUANTUM COMPUTATION, 192QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY, 52QUANTUM DOTS, 192, 206QUANTUM ELECTRONICS, 209QUANTUM HALL EFFECT, 205QUANTUM MECHANICS, 181, 185,

205, 210QUANTUM THEORY, 181QUANTUM WELLS, 52, 54QUARKS, 180, 183QUARTZ, 201

RRADAR CROSS SECTIONS, 46, 49RADAR DATA, 175RADAR EQUIPMENT, 46, 118RADAR IMAGERY, 44RADAR RANGE, 49RADAR TRACKING, 4, 48, 71RADIANCE, 89RADIANT FLUX DENSITY, 50RADIATION ABSORPTION, 27RADIATION DETECTORS, 64RADIATION DOSAGE, 70, 131RADIATION EFFECTS, 61, 96, 117RADIATION PROTECTION, 199, 211RADIATION SHIELDING, 198RADIATION THERAPY, 131, 133, 140RADIATION TOLERANCE, 61RADIATION TRANSPORT, 198RADIATIVE TRANSFER, 45RADIO COMMUNICATION, 43RADIO FREQUENCIES, 65, 197RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFER-

ENCE, 176RADIOACTIVE DECAY, 183RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES, 84, 197

RADIOACTIVE WASTES, 84RADIOACTIVITY, 195RADIOSONDES, 103RADIOTELEPHONES, 51RADOMES, 9RAMAN SPECTRA, 85RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY, 158RANDOM NOISE, 52RANGE SAFETY, 17RARE EARTH COMPOUNDS, 202RARE EARTH ELEMENTS, 29RATES (PER TIME), 155REACTION KINETICS, 106REACTIVITY, 69, 198REACTOR PHYSICS, 198REACTOR TECHNOLOGY, 68REAL TIME OPERATION, 17, 155, 167,

168, 170, 217RECEIVERS, 8RECEPTORS (PHYSIOLOGY), 127, 135RECOGNITION, 155RECTIFIERS, 28RECYCLING, 37RED SHIFT, 220REFLECTANCE, 74, 88REFLECTION, 200REFRACTORY MATERIALS, 22REGENERATION (PHYSIOLOGY), 124REGRESSION ANALYSIS, 95REGULATIONS, 71REGULATORS, 132RELATIONAL DATA BASES, 16, 161RELATIVISTIC PARTICLES, 196RELAXATION, 178RELIABILITY, 64RELIABILITY ANALYSIS, 41, 165, 167RELIEF MAPS, 88REMOTE SENSING, 58, 72, 73, 74, 75,

85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 96, 97, 98,119, 200

REMOTE SENSORS, 73, 74REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLES, 13REPORTS, 84, 100, 148RESEARCH, 198RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, 45,

82, 163RESEARCH FACILITIES, 14, 127RESEARCH MANAGEMENT, 53RESEARCH VEHICLES, 190RESOLUTION, 76RESONATORS, 47, 190RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, 211RESPIRATION, 125RESPIRATORY SYSTEM, 140REVISIONS, 160RHENIUM ALLOYS, 30

RIBONUCLEIC ACIDS, 122, 139RISK, 5, 172, 173ROBOTS, 48ROCKET ENGINES, 18ROCKS, 207ROTARY WING AIRCRAFT, 14ROTATING SPHERES, 118RUBY, 71RUDDERS, 4

SSAFETY, 3, 177SAFETY MANAGEMENT, 199, 211SALINITY, 116SAMARIUM, 80SATELLITE ATTITUDE CONTROL, 17SATELLITE COMMUNICATION, 52,

215SATELLITE DESIGN, 73SATELLITE IMAGERY, 85, 88, 89, 91,

92, 119SATELLITE OBSERVATION, 75, 86, 98,

115, 120SATELLITE TEMPERATURE, 92SATELLITE-BORNE INSTRUMENTS,

73, 75SATELLITES, 222SATURATION, 68SCALE MODELS, 93SCANNERS, 195SCANNING, 34SCATTERING, 182SCENE GENERATION, 159SCHOOLS, 16SCHOTTKY DIODES, 62SCHROEDINGER EQUATION, 78, 206SCOTLAND, 99, 192SEA ICE, 120SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE, 95,

116, 117, 118SEALS (STOPPERS), 79SEAS, 119SEASONS, 120SECONDARY FLOW, 66SECURITY, 170, 171, 173, 213SEDIMENTS, 93, 106, 121, 186, 187,

188SELECTION, 51SELENIUM, 83SELF ASSEMBLY, 59, 123SEMANTICS, 159SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES, 54SEMICONDUCTORS (MATERIALS),

56, 65, 205, 206, 208SENSITIVITY, 91SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS, 98, 103

ST–11

SENSORS, 80SENSORY FEEDBACK, 138SERVICE LIFE, 82SHALLOW WATER, 118SHAPE MEMORY ALLOYS, 59SHAPES, 47SHIPS, 50, 62SHOCK TESTS, 71SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION, 203SHOCK WAVES, 67, 69, 71SIALON, 24SIGNAL DETECTORS, 186SIGNAL PROCESSING, 49, 61, 190,

195SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIOS, 77SIGNATURES, 203SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS, 138, 149SILICON, 32SILICON CARBIDES, 35, 36, 55SILVER, 31SIMULATED ANNEALING, 156SIMULATION, 46, 64, 79, 217SINGLE EVENT UPSETS, 158SINTERING, 22SITE SELECTION, 5SIZE (DIMENSIONS), 180SKY BRIGHTNESS, 98SMOKE, 24SNOW COVER, 90SODIUM, 121, 197SODIUM COOLING, 60SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, 160, 162,

163, 164, 165, 166, 168, 170, 196SOFTWARE RELIABILITY, 165SOI (SEMICONDUCTORS), 59SOIL SAMPLING, 89SOIL SCIENCE, 48SOILS, 88, 93, 100SOL-GEL PROCESSES, 61SOLAR ACTIVITY, 223SOLAR ACTIVITY EFFECTS, 107, 108,

109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115,223

SOLAR PROBES, 60SOLAR RADIATION, 70, 92, 97SOLAR TERRESTRIAL INTER-

ACTIONS, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,112, 113, 114, 115

SOLAR WIND, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,112, 113, 114, 115

SOLID STATE, 209SOLID STATE LASERS, 54, 55, 202SOLUBILITY, 32SONAR, 172, 188SOOT, 27

SOUND DETECTING AND RANGING,188

SOUND TRANSMISSION, 190SOUND WAVES, 189, 190SOUTHERN OSCILLATION, 95SPACE BASED RADAR, 116SPACE HEATING (BUILDINGS), 43SPACE LAW, 15SPACE MISSIONS, 15, 70SPACECRAFT COMPONENTS, 18SPACECRAFT CONTROL, 17SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTS, 73SPACECRAFT PROPULSION, 18SPACECRAFT TRACKING, 17, 190SPARE PARTS, 4SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION, 102, 119,

180SPATIAL RESOLUTION, 74SPECIFIC HEAT, 185SPECIFIC IMPULSE, 18SPECTRAL BANDS, 87SPECTRAL CORRELATION, 118SPECTRAL METHODS, 118SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE, 88, 89,

90, 91, 97SPECTRAL RESOLUTION, 74SPECTRAL SENSITIVITY, 98SPECTRAL SIGNATURES, 91SPECTRAL THEORY, 87SPECTROMETERS, 97SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS, 39SPECTROSCOPY, 191SPECTRUM ANALYSIS, 60SPIRAL GALAXIES, 219SPRAYERS, 210SPUTTERING, 20SRI LANKA, 5STABILITY, 58, 72STAINLESS STEELS, 32STANDARD MODEL (PARTICLE

PHYSICS), 191STAR FORMATION, 219STATIC LOADS, 22STATIC TESTS, 30STATISTICAL ANALYSIS, 12, 29, 222STEADY STATE, 66STEELS, 20, 99STELLAR MASS EJECTION, 222STIMULATED EMISSION, 71STOCHASTIC PROCESSES, 52, 58,

120, 181STOICHIOMETRY, 121STOPPING, 194STORAGE RINGS (PARTICLE ACCEL-

ERATORS), 184STORMS (METEOROLOGY), 47

STRAIN DISTRIBUTION, 206STRAIN GAGES, 71STRAIN RATE, 71, 179, 206STRATOSPHERE, 96STREAMS, 180STREETS, 69STRESS ANALYSIS, 32, 82STRESS MEASUREMENT, 71STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, 9, 40STRUCTURAL DESIGN, 8, 32STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING, 2STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES (GEOL-

OGY), 90STRUCTURAL STABILITY, 106STUDENTS, 16SUBSTRATES, 63, 207, 208, 209SULFATES, 105SULFUR HEXAFLUORIDE, 70SUN, 222SUPERCOMPUTERS, 199SUPERCONDUCTING FILMS, 207SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, 197SUPERCONDUCTORS (MATERIALS),

207, 209SUPERHIGH FREQUENCIES, 46SUPERSONIC DRAG, 203SUPERSONIC FLIGHT, 9SUPERSONIC NOZZLES, 18SUPERSONICS, 67SUPPORT SYSTEMS, 14, 173SUPPRESSORS, 123, 132, 138, 146SURFACE ENERGY, 206SURFACE PROPERTIES, 25, 103SURFACE ROUGHNESS, 37, 184, 187,

189SURFACE TEMPERATURE, 92, 97SURFACE TREATMENT, 82SURFACE VEHICLES, 39, 53SURFACE WATER, 83SURFACE WAVES, 120, 187SURGERY, 129SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, 45SURVEYS, 144SWATH WIDTH, 75SWEPT WINGS, 2SYMBOLS, 45SYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES, 70SYNCHROTRON RADIATION, 185SYNTHESIS, 25SYNTHESIS (CHEMISTRY), 20, 129,

133, 151, 194SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR, 44,

46SYNTHETIC ARRAYS, 58SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS, 4

ST–12

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS, 161, 175SYSTEMS ENGINEERING, 1, 54, 55,

163, 165, 168, 170, 214, 216SYSTEMS INTEGRATION, 2, 54, 55,

62, 164SYSTEMS SIMULATION, 10, 159SYSTEMS-ON-A-CHIP, 60

TTAIL ASSEMBLIES, 8, 12TANTALUM, 20TANTALUM COMPOUNDS, 190TARGET ACQUISITION, 46, 60, 72, 76TARGET RECOGNITION, 72, 75, 175TARGETS, 71, 161, 193TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING,

171TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT, 9, 39,

45, 50, 53, 99, 170TECHNOLOGY UTILIZATION, 94, 215TELECOMMUNICATION, 81, 186TELEGRAPH SYSTEMS, 171TELEMEDICINE, 151TELESCOPES, 76TEMPERATE REGIONS, 95TEMPERATURE CONTROL, 68TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE, 58,

206TEMPERATURE EFFECTS, 32TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS, 117TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT, 85TEMPERATURE PROFILES, 67, 103TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION, 119TENSILE PROPERTIES, 81TENSILE TESTS, 30TEST FACILITIES, 14, 177TEST STANDS, 73TESTS, 40TEXTURES, 32THERAPY, 125, 127, 135, 144THERMAL ANALYSIS, 9, 39THERMAL BATTERIES, 95THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, 41, 205,

206THERMAL EMISSION, 58THERMAL ENERGY, 60THERMAL SHOCK, 141, 193THERMAL STABILITY, 33THERMOACOUSTIC EFFECTS, 42THERMOACOUSTIC REFRIGERA-

TORS, 42THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES, 9THERMODYNAMICS, 94, 117, 121THERMOELECTRIC GENERATORS,

60

THERMOELECTRIC POWER GEN-ERATION, 27

THERMOELECTRICITY, 62THIN FILMS, 23, 59, 195, 202, 205, 209THREAT EVALUATION, 162THREE DIMENSIONAL FLOW, 66THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELS, 2,

51, 82, 106, 116, 198, 208THRUST, 18THRUST BEARINGS, 79THRUSTORS, 18, 64TIME DEPENDENCE, 184, 196TIME RESPONSE, 50TIME SERIES ANALYSIS, 46TISSUES (BIOLOGY), 96TOMOGRAPHY, 106TOPOGRAPHY, 88, 187TOPOLOGY, 168TOUGHNESS, 24TOWERS, 6TOXICITY, 9, 125, 141TRACE ELEMENTS, 104TRACKING (POSITION), 17, 76, 161,

212TRACKING RADAR, 71TRAINING SIMULATORS, 155TRAJECTORY ANALYSIS, 221TRAJECTORY CONTROL, 221TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION, 221TRAJECTORY PLANNING, 221TRANSMISSION ELECTRON

MICROSCOPY, 208TRANSMITTANCE, 92TRANSMITTERS, 190TRANSONIC FLOW, 68TRANSONIC SPEED, 70TRANSONIC WIND TUNNELS, 14TRANSPORT PROPERTIES, 198, 199TRAPPED PARTICLES, 194TRAPPING, 194, 195TREES (PLANTS), 91TRENDS, 32TRMM SATELLITE, 119TROPICAL METEOROLOGY, 119TROPICAL REGIONS, 104, 117TROPOSPHERE, 98, 105TUMORS, 128, 139, 141, 149, 150TUNABLE FILTERS, 53, 88, 97TUNABLE LASERS, 77, 78TUNGSTEN ALLOYS, 30TUNING, 51TURBOMACHINERY, 65TURBULENCE, 69TURBULENT COMBUSTION, 69TURBULENT FLAMES, 29

TURBULENT FLOW, 66, 106TURBULENT HEAT TRANSFER, 66TWO DIMENSIONAL MODELS, 2TYPHOONS, 119TYROSINE, 133, 142

UULTRASONIC RADIATION, 190ULTRASONIC TESTS, 80ULTRAVIOLET DETECTORS, 56UNDERWATER ACOUSTICS, 186, 189,

190, 210UNITED STATES, 6, 171, 177, 219UNIX (OPERATING SYSTEM), 165UNSTEADY FLOW, 68UPPER ATMOSPHERE, 106URANIUM, 196URETHANES, 38UROLOGY, 129USER MANUALS (COMPUTER PRO-

GRAMS), 84USER REQUIREMENTS, 160, 212, 216UTILITIES, 93UTILITY AIRCRAFT, 3UTILIZATION, 79

VVACCINES, 129, 130, 141VACUUM DEPOSITION, 205VACUUM TUBES, 184VANADIUM OXIDES, 61VAPOR PHASES, 20, 35VAPORIZING, 210VEGETATION, 87, 88, 89, 91VEGETATIVE INDEX, 88, 89VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION, 106VENTILATORS, 140VETERINARY MEDICINE, 149VIBRATION, 77VIBRATION DAMPING, 2VIBRATION MEASUREMENT, 54VIBRATIONAL STRESS, 2VIDEO SIGNALS, 49VIRTUAL REALITY, 162, 163, 167VIRUSES, 139VISCOSITY, 34, 70VISUAL PERCEPTION, 221VITAMINS, 149VOIGT EFFECT, 92VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS,

84, 100VOLTAGE CONVERTERS (DC TO

DC), 62VORTICES, 65

ST–13

VULNERABILITY, 7, 90

WWAFERS, 65WARFARE, 48, 173WARNING SYSTEMS, 213WASTE DISPOSAL, 83WASTE ENERGY UTILIZATION, 42WASTE MANAGEMENT, 141WATER, 85, 88WATER COLOR, 119WATER HAMMER, 68WATER POLLUTION, 83WATER RESOURCES, 83, 116WATER SAMPLING, 84WATER VAPOR, 74, 103, 117WAVE PROPAGATION, 78, 120, 203WAVE REFLECTION, 118WAVEGUIDES, 204WAVELET ANALYSIS, 92, 119WEAK INTERACTIONS (FIELD

THEORY), 184WEAPON SYSTEMS, 9, 15WEATHER, 7WEATHER FORECASTING, 75, 104WEATHER STATIONS, 48WELDED JOINTS, 31WELLS, 84WICKS, 68WIND MEASUREMENT, 118WIND SHEAR, 117WIND TUNNEL MODELS, 14WIND VELOCITY, 97WIND/GGS SPACECRAFT, 107, 108,

109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115WIRE, 37, 62WIRELESS COMMUNICATION, 50, 63WYOMING, 99

XX RAY ABSORPTION, 27X RAY ANALYSIS, 210X RAY BINARIES, 219X RAY DIFFRACTION, 201X RAY SOURCES, 219X RAYS, 32

YYAG LASERS, 55YBCO SUPERCONDUCTORS, 207YIELD STRENGTH, 81YTTERBIUM COMPOUNDS, 20

PA–1

Personal Author Index

AAaronson, Stuart A., 147Abeln, T. G., 31Abraham, Gregory, 40Abraham, John, 210Adriani, Alberto, 96Agamalian, M. M., 20Agrawal, Giri, 79Ahmad, I., 197Ahmer Wadee, M., 106Ahroon, William A., 152, 178Aires, F., 117Akhremitchev, Boris, 34Akyel, Yahya, 127Al-Mawaali, S., 24Alamo, R. G., 20Albert, C. C., 170Albert, Daniel B., 120Alderton, Malcolm R., 152Alekseev, K. N., 185Alexander, Michael, 171Ali, Syed Firasat, 154Allen, T. R., 29Allred, Clark L., 57Alperin, Marc J., 120Amanatidis, Georgios T., 96Amman, M., 64Anderson, Bruce E., 83Anderson, James G., 96Andrews, Harold G., 162Anstee, Stuart, 188Anton, Philip S., 212Antonelli, P. B., 86Antonio, Joseph C., 71Antoniou, Andreas, 5Arakkal-Nellissery, Jacob, 147Arendsen, P., 2Arkhipov, Boris, 17Armitage, R., 202Armstrong, R. C., 168Ashour-Abdalla, Maha, 222Assoufid, L., 200Athanasiou, Christos, 189Atluri, S. N., 82Audino, M., 19Aumann, Hartmut H., 75Austin, Paul N., 140Awes, T. C., 193

BBaca, A. G., 65Bachmann, Felix, 157Backonja, Miroslav, 150Bacmeister, Julio T., 116Bae, Jin-Woo, 55Bageon, Kellye, 154Bai, G. R., 205Baker, D. N., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,

112, 113, 114, 115Baker, S., 77Bakker, M., 2Balachandran, U., 39, 56Baliga, B. J., 54Balolong, Marianie O., 120Band, Hamid, 126Bandara, J. M. S. J., 5Bandari, Esfandiar, 156Banderet, Louis E., 153Banes, Anthony Vince, 8Barger, Millard, 44Bass, Len, 157, 160Bassani, John L., 21Baxter, Ruth, 137Bayt, Robert, 55Becka, G. A., 64Beckerman, M., 222Beish, Jeff, 221Belldegrum, Arie, 126Bellomy, J. R., 28Bemis, J., 24Benavides, Jeannette, 79Benezeth, P., 32Bennett, J., 83Bennett, K., 32Benson, S. V., 78Berger, E. L., 192Bergman, Robert G., 48Berman, G. P., 185Berndt, M. L., 80Bernstein, Mark, 93Best, F. A., 72Best, Fred A., 85Betten, Steven G., 167Bigsby, Robert M., 135Bilek, M. M. M., 203Bingham, G. E., 72Birnbaum, E. R., 36Birur, Gaj, 66Blackmon, J., 197

Blackwell, D. D., 203Blair, W. D., 44Blom, J. G., 102, 118Boegner, Gregory J., 8Boehman, A., 38Boer, A. de, 2Bohn, T., 100Bohnert, G. W., 37Bonetti, Dena M., 153Bonn, Willy, 18Booth, T. E., 177Borasi, F., 197Borchers, Brian, 48Borowski, Samuel M., 185Boswell, James E., 167Botschner, Richard, 60Bottenus, R. J., 81Bourguignon, Lilly Y., 121Bowen, Brent D., 6Boyd, Robert D., 152Braathen, Geir O., 96Bradford, Jeff, 60Bradley, Melissa, 173Bradshaw, Jerald S., 25Brainerd, Tereasa, 219Brandow, B., 209Brantley, David, 166Brau, B., 184Braun, Scott A., 118Breighner, Larence A., 159Brenernan, Kevin, 4Breuer, Kenneth, 55Brickner, Michael S., 45Briggs, Kevin, 209Briggs, Kevin B., 186, 187, 188, 189Brock, Jerome P., 165Brockett, Steven M., 49Brodsky, S. J., 181Bronson, R. T., 25Brown, David R., 10Brown, I. G., 192, 203Brown, M. J., 102Brown, N., 99Brownsword, L. L., 170Bruington, Mark, 4Brune, William H., 96Bubner, T. P., 71Buchheit, R. G., 18Budlong-Sylvester, K. W., 217Bugdorfer, J., 196Bulun, Serdar E., 146

PA–2

Burgess, Malcolm A., 7Busta, Heinz H., 76Butler, Donald P., 63Buttler, W. T., 51Buyukacar, Volcan M., 3Byrnes, Christopher I., 175

CCaggiano, J., 197Cahill, Patrick E., 49Cai, Y., 183Cammarata, R. C., 36Campbell, D. K., 185Campbell, Janet W., 119Canic, S., 68Cannon, E. H., 185Canpolat, M., 201Cant, Tony, 170Cantwell, G., 72Caraway, Willie D., III, 71Carota, G., 207Carslaw, Kenneth S., 96Cashman, John, 46Cassady, Philip E., 88Cauneau, F., 88Cavalieri, Donald J., 120Celik-Butler, Zeynep, 63Chakoumakos, B. C., 206Chan, Heang P., 149Chan, Kin-Weng, 174Chandra, Namas, 21Chang, Huey-Por, 41Chang, P. C., 65Chao, A., 184Chaparro, Alex, 13Chapman, Michael D., 164Chayanova, Eleonora A., 96Chedin, A., 117Chen, Chung-Chih, 41Chen, D. W., 55Chen, Da-ren, 83Chen, I. W., 24Chen, I-Wei, 34, 35Chen, K. C., 31Chen, S. R., 32Chen, Shaw H., 27Chen, Ting, 45Cheung, Win-Jou, 49Chien, H. T., 80Chin, H. S., 102Chin, Moira, 157Chiou, Guey-Fa, 41Choi, Michael K., 60

Chou, A. S., 183Chou, Chien, 41Christo, Farid C., 50Chu, F., 31Chu, Steven, 194Chung, Chi-Kong Arthur, 135Chung, J. S., 32Ciszkowska, M., 33Clark, Richard M., 10Clarke, Jerry A., 165Clay, R. L., 168Clement, J. Ed, 73Cleveland, Tamara, 171Clifford, J. R., 217Cofer, W. Randy, III, 83Cohen, Elliot, 53Cohn, J. L., 206Cole, J. I., 29Colegrove, S. B., 161Collins, T. M., 83Comella-Dorda, Santiago, 160Comiso, Josefino C., 120Connors, V. S., 83Conrad, D., 53Cooper, Jonathan E., 8Corke, Thomas, 55Cortright, Joseph, 218Cox, Ann B., 95Cox, J., 19Cox, Joseph L., 77Cox, L. J., 195Craig, Michael T., 96Crane, Peter, 154Crane, S., 195Cronin, John R., 26Crossley, Benjamin L., 46Culp, Lloyd A., 146Curtis, S. A., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,

112, 113, 114, 115Czyz, Zbigniew H., 46

DDaigo, Motomasa, 88Daly, M., 94Damiani, Fiorenzo, 90Danishefsky, Samuel J., 129Davenport, Daniel M., 214Davey, S. J., 161Davidson, P. S., 78Davies, B. S., 83Davis, Eddie L., 164Davis, Mike, 76de Rege, F. M., 28

De, K., 195DeCola, Philip E., 96Desnica, U. V., 207deZafra, Dorothea E., 213Dickerhoff, D., 41Diediker, L. P., 102Dietz, N. L., 29Dilks, L., 53Doell, Chris, 62Doiron, Terence A., 58Doll, D. W., 194Donley, Stephen J., 40Donohoe, Gregory, 59Dougherty, Lamar, 8Douglas, Jay, 141Douillard, Patrice, 126Drake, Timothy S., 168Draper, P. A., 195Drayton, P. J., 98Dreyer, Paul, 93Drnevich, R. F., 39Dunn, Bruce, 61Dunnill, William, 78Duong, Ninh, 159Duscher, G., 209Dutcher, S., 86Dynes, Robert C., 204

EEarl, W. L., 28Eastman, J. A., 205Echle, G., 86Edwards, Bernard L., 8Edwards, Sean J., 51Egami, T., 207Elledge, Stephen, 124Ellis, R. J., 198Ely, Kathryn R., 123Endo, Takahiro, 97English, B. C., 94Erwin, M., 208Esaias, Wayne E., 119Euerle, Steve, 50Evelyn, A. L., 36, 37Evenson, Paul A., 70

FFaber, Lorry, 71Fairfield, D. H., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,

112, 113, 114, 115Fajardo, Laurie L., 131Fan, X., 209

PA–3

Fargues, M. P., 215Farman, Garrett J., 23Feiler, Peter H., 169Feringa, Alexis, 173Fernsler, R. F., 203Fibich, G., 77Field, R. D., 31Fine, J., 99Fischenich, Craig, 180Fischer, H., 86Fitzhugh, Elisabeth, 60Fiuza, Antonio, 45Fleishauer, Robert P., 117Folkman, Mark, 73Folta, David, 16Foreman, J. T., 170Forrester, E. C., 170Forster, R. A., 198Foskett, James K., 124Foulkes, William D., 138Frame, E. A., 39Frank, J. E., 177Frankel, G. S., 18Frankenberg, Elizabeth, 144Frazer, N. L., 186Freeman, Arthur J., 30Freeman, Gary, 180Freiser, B. S., 20Frese, Michael H., 202Frick, T. W., 83Fricke, Clifford L., 189Fry, Patrick M., 85Frye, B., 220Fujiwara, Noboru, 88, 89, 97Fukuda, Masami, 91Fulco, Charles S., 153Fung, Bing M., 33Fung, Inez, 102Furumi, Shinobu, 89

GGabriel, Christopher L., 106Gadd, David A., 75Gaffney, J. S., 96, 98Gagliardi, C. A., 193Galaktionov, Konstantin I., 134Galbreath, E. D., 216Gallimore, A. D., 63Gamulin, O., 207Ganguly, Asok, 171Gao, H. J., 209Garcia, J., 93Garcia, R., 86

Gardner, Margaret E., 88Gardner, Robin C., 5Garrison, Brian, 81Gatski, Thomas B., 66Gauci, Penelope J., 152Gees, Juerg, 78Gerber, David K., 48Getschow, Karen R., 153Gettrust, J. F., 66Ghosh, Pranab, 219Gibson, Ralph D., 164Gil, Yolanda, 166Gillevet, P., 217Gilpatrick, J. D., 195Gintner, M. A., 68Giroux, Mark, 73Glatthor, N., 86Glibert, Patricia M., 19Glisson, Allen W., 47Gloersen, Per, 120Goate, Alison M., 146Goldberger, W. M., 80Goldstein, Robert A., 153Goldstraw, Matthew, 82Gong, D., 42Gonzalez, Daniel G., 61Goodings, Deborah J., 93Gopalsami, N., 80Gorak, Mark S., 11Gorgas, T. J., 186Goulding, C. A., 196Goward, Samuel, 92Graham, R. L., 94Grant, Darrell, 79Gray, G. T., 32Grebowsky, Joseph M., 222Green, Brian, 171Green, Jeff, 10Green, Mavis F., 5Gregers-Hansen, Vilhelm, 49Gregga, Jason B ., 43Greiner, Mark E., 76Grob, Eric W., 68Grobstein, Janet E., 162Groff, Loren S., 13Grunzke, Shawn D., 12Guckenberger, Dutch, 154Guidotti, R. A., 94Gulick, John R., 179Gupta, Shanti S., 176Gupta, Vikas, 59Gupta, Yogendra M., 71Guszkiewicz, M. S., 20

HHadjiiski, Lubomir, 134Hagelstein, Peter, 62Hagen, D. E., 83Hall, David L., 174Hall, K. A., 28Hall, Simon J., 125Halle, Robert F., 161Halverson, Jeffrey, 118Hamamura, Shiomi, 98Hamernik, Roger P., 152, 178Hand, T. E., 190Hansen, W. J., 170Hanson, Mark, 93Harger, C. A., 217Harlow, Charles, 16Harris, Lyndsay N., 127Harris, Neil R. P., 96Harrison, F. W., 86Hartung, Jeffrey W., 5Haruyama, Junichi, 72Haskel, D., 80Hatcher, P., 38Hawley, Thomas D., 136Hayden, Clark, 173Hayes, Caroline, 166Haynes, T. E., 32Hazard, N., 100Hearn, Patrick A., 187Heck, Michael L., 7Heifets, S. A., 180, 185Henderson, B. D., 199Henderson, Marie, 170Hendrick, J. S., 195Hermann, David J., 58Hermanson, M. L., 211Hernandez, Alison E., 11Heroux, Sherri A., 105Heukelem, Laurie Van, 19Hewitt, W. J., 94Heymsfield, G. M., 46Higginbotham, John C., 122Hilakivi-Clarke, Leena A., 148Hirahara, Yasuhiro, 72Hitt, Darren L., 18Ho, C. K., 84Hoehler, Tori M., 120Hofacre, Kent C., 156Hoffman, Paul, 179Hofmann, I., 196Holland, L. B., 198Holland, Richard, 176Hollas, C. L., 196Hollis, Michael S., 9

PA–4

Holm, D. D., 69Holm, E. A., 206Holt, R. J., 191Hong, Daisy Lan, 41Hou, Arthur, 118Hou, H. Q., 65Hou, Jianfu, 82Houdeshell, Jack E., 190Hower, B. O., 216Hoyano, Akira, 91Hu, Xiu-Qing, 74Huang, B., 86Huang, H. L., 86Huang, Hung-Lung, 74, 86Huang, Yi-Bin, 74Hughes, R. J., 51Hunsberger, Michael G., 163Hunt, G. W., 106Hunter, H. T., 198Hurt, W. Todd, 73

IIla, D., 36, 37Ilan, B., 77Inoue, Yoshio, 87Ippolito, John B., 213Isidori, Alberto, 175Isobe, Syuzo, 98Itoh, T., 204Itoh, Tatsuo, 63Ivanda, M., 207Izatt, Reed M., 25

JJablunovsky, Gregory, 44Jackson, Darrell, 189, 209Jackson, Darrell R., 186, 187, 188Jackson, Peter K., 144Jahan, M. S., 37Jaime, M., 185Jain, R., 78Jalalzadeh-Azar, A. A., 41Jarecke, Peter, 73Jaros, J. A., 184Jayalath, J. T. D., 5Jech, J. B., 216Jia, Yi-Qin, 118Johal, M. S., 201John, Bonnie E., 160Johnson, A. D., 59Johnson, C. K., 208Johnson, Dan, 116

Johnson, Edward G., 140Johnson, G. C., 119Johnson, R. P., 202Johnson, Robert L., 75Johnson, W. N., 64Jonasson, Michael E., 142Jones, J. P., 222Jordan, Theresa, 131Joyce, D. B., 20Julke, Timothy, 36Jumars, Peter A., 187

KKabel, A. C., 181Kackenko, E. J., 31Kadavanich, A. V., 208Kalnay, Susann-Brady, 132Kaminsky, David, 153Kaminsky, J. F., 82Kang, H., 183Kanske, Craig A., 154Kaps, Robert W., 5Karadeniz, Kadir, 158Karjala, Melissa, 55Karlholm, J., 76Karlsson, M., 76Karna, Shashi, 59KastnerKlein, P., 69Kates, Jesse, 160Kaufman, Jonathan H., 197Kawa, Hajimu, 36Kaxiras, E., 195Kedzierski, M. A., 19Keidar, M., 203Keller, Sharon, 168Kelly, Mark R., 127Kempinger, S. K., 71Kent, A. D., 217Keyfitz, B. L., 68, 69Khan, M. Javed, 154Khounsary, A., 200Kiamilev, Fouad E., 56Kim, H., 195Kim, J., 185Kim, Kyu-Myong, 117Kim, S. H., 193Kimmich, E., 86King, N., 77Kingston, Gina, 157Kinney, Albert C., 49Kinoshita, K., 94Kippeny, T., 208Kishk, Ahmed A., 47

Kistler, Michael A., 95Klasen, M., 192Klein, Mark, 157Kleponis, David S., 81Kloeppel, P. K., 78Knaus, Ulla G., 123Knoblock, Craig A., 213Knop, Mark, 82Knuteson, R., 86Knuteson, R. O., 72Knuuttila, J. V., 190Kobayashi, Hideki, 91Kobayashi, Hirokazu, 91Kobayashi, Takahisa, 13Kodymova, Marmila, 78Kolesnichenko, Yuri F., 67Kondoh, Akihiko, 89Konovalenko, Allexander, 222Koritala, R., 56Koskela, J., 190Kotula, P. G., 31Kotz, Robert B., 75Kovach, C., 28Krakowiak, Krzysztof E., 25Krim, Jacqueline, 35Krishnamoorthy, Lakshmanan V., 50Kroeger, R. A., 64Kruegar, M. K., 42Krupp, Joseph, 44Ku, Jentung, 66Kubin, Ladislas P., 21Kucherov, Yan, 62Kulick, Jonathan, 93Kumar, Arun, 95Kumar, D., 209Kumit, N. A., 202Kushida, Keiji, 91Kvaternik, Raymond G., 14Kyeongjae, Cho, 21

LLach, John, 163Lamm, George A., 172Lang, J. C., 80Lanser, D., 118LaPorte, D. D., 72LaPorte, Daniel D., 85Larar, A. M., 86Larar, Allen M., 98Larochelle, S., 183Larson, B. C., 32LaSorsa, Kathryn C., 131Latiff, Robert, 7

PA–5

Lau, William K. M., 117Lau, Yun-Fai C., 121Lawphongpanich, Siriphong, 161Leach, M. J., 102Leaskey, L., 65Ledford, J., 195Lee, A. C., 95Lee, H. K., 22Lee, S. L., 19Lee, W. M., 193Lehrer, Henry R., 154Leigh, John S., 197Lelovic, M., 56LeMoigne, Jacqueline, 92Leonhardt, D., 203Lett, John T., 95Letzring, S. A., 202Leung, Shuk-Kwan S., 41Levinson, R., 41Lewis, Grace Alexandra, 160LHeureux, Jacques, 70Li, D., 201Li, Guilong, 117Li, J., 86Li, Jian-Jun, 176Li, N. Y., 65Li, Xiaofan, 116Li, Yong, 88Li, Z., 182Liao, Lushalan, 73Libby, Jeffrey A., 11Libersky, L. D., 70Limp-Foster, Melissa, 127Lin, Chen-Yung, 41Lin, Huann-Shyang, 41Lin, J. S., 207Lin, M., 36Lin, Sue-Hwa, 147Linn, M. A., 211Little, R. C., 198Litz, M., 53Liu, Antony K., 119Liu, Chuchang, 170Liu, Huimin, 191Liu, Qi-Jing, 89Liu, Yu-Jie, 90Liu, Zhi-Quan, 74LoCelso, F., 207Loftus, Peter J., 27Logan, Charles J., 48Londono, J. D., 20Lords, G. S., 82Lowman, Paul D., Jr., 15Lowrie, R. B., 178Lucey, Paul G., 90

Lucido, G., 207Ludovisi, Giancarlo, 90Luke, P. N., 64Lula, J. W., 37Lunden, M., 99Luo, Li-Shi, 2Luqi, 167Luqi,, 165Ly, Tung T., 50Lyke, James C., 59Lyons, Anthony, 189

MMa, K. P., 204Maan, Simon, 82MacGill, R. A., 192Magness, Lee, 31Mahoney, J. F., 64Makkonen, T., 190Mancini, D., 200Mandak, Wayne S., 164Mandelkern, L., 20Manfredi, James, 137Mangione-Smith, William H., 163Manning, Melissa L., 67Mantis, Spiros D., 49Marcus, Charles M., 205Marino, Alessandra, 90Mark, J. E., 33Markin, George J., 202Marley, N. A., 96, 98Marmorstein, Ronen, 132Marrese, C. M., 63Marshak, Alexander, 115Marshall, S. L., 20Marshall, W. J., 198Martens, Christopher S., 120Martin, J. W., 105Martin, Patricia L., 73Martinez, A. M., 103Marz, Ted, 169Maschhoff, Kevin, 103Masek, Jeffrey G., 92Maser, J., 80Massey, Steven J., 3Masters, K., 55Matson, D. W., 19Matsunaga, Tsuneo, 72, 91Matsushima, Dai, 92Matsushita, Hiromichi, 104Matsuyama, Hisayoshi, 23Matters, Gail L., 136Mattson, Marifran, 6Mazevet, S., 196

McAdoo, James A., 73McCandless, B. C., 182McCarthy, Anna, 157McCreery, R. L., 18McDaniel, Randall J., 140McElroy, Randy R., 71McGovney, G. N., 206McKee, Larry, 177McKinney, G. W., 195McPherson, Michael R., 7McQueeney, R. J., 207McSpadden, S. B., 42McTaggart, K. E., 119Meade, R. A., 199Mehrotra, P., 54Mehta, Rajeshwari R., 143Mei, Ren-Wei, 2Melliar-Smith, P. M., 159Mercurio, Arthur M., 128Meyer, Hubert W., Jr., 81Meyers, B. C., 169Michalak, F., 202Michaud, Steven R., 191Michl, J., 194Mickle, Robin, 39Miera, D. A., 204Miles, Mark W., 55Miles, Richard B., 67, 203Miller, David E., 9Miller, David J., 174Miller, Kenneth, 6Miller, R. H., 181Mingay, D. J., 45Mish, W. H., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,

112, 113, 114, 115Mitchell, B. G., 200Mitchell, J. B., 27Mitchell, T. E., 31Mitter, Sanjoy K., 51Moccaldi, Antonio, 90Modera, M., 41Modine, M. A., 195Molina, Mario J., 105Moloney, J. V., 199Monier, C., 65Monroe, S., 64Monteiro, O. R., 203Moore, Phillip J., 154Moore, Timothy, 119Moran, M. Susan, 87Morel, J. E., 178Morelli, Louis, 6Moreno, Ian P., 29Morgan, Garth, 44Morgenstern, H. A., 64

PA–6

Morita, D. K., 28Moser, L. E., 159Mount, David M., 92Mourant, J. R., 201Movshovich, R., 185Mukerjee, Joyanto, 85Munson, John, 79Muntele, C. I., 36Muntele, I. C., 36Muramatsu, Kanako, 89, 97Muza, Stephen R., 153Myers, W. L., 196

NNagler, S. E., 210Namburu, Raju, 165Necker, C. T., 31Neil, G. R., 78Nelson, Peter S., 148Netanyahu, Nathan S., 92Neuhauser, E., 94Newell, Reginald E., 104Newman, Paul A., 96Newton, Elaine M., 173Nimmo, J. R., 82Nishikawa, Robert M., 144Nolas, G. S., 206Nomura, T., 1Noordmans, J., 157Nouevllon, Yann, 87Novacek, Paul F., 7Nunokawa, Satoru, 23Nyberg, S., 76Nygaerds, J., 76

OO, 188Ocuna, M. H., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,

112, 113, 114, 115Oettinger, Ayelet, 45Ogilvie, K. W., 107, 108, 109, 110, 111,

112, 113, 114, 115OHara, J. F., 195Ohtake, Makiko, 72Okada, H., 82Oks, E. M., 203Okuda, Toshinori, 97Oldenburg, Douglas W., 76Olds, John, 220Olson, William, 118Ono, Akiko, 88, 89Osborne, B., 86Osmun, Richard O., 213

Ott, K. C., 28Ourke, L. J., 42Overbeek, R., 217Ozols, Maris, 170

PPace, Dale, 214Pagano, Thomas S., 75Page, Anthony, 4Pal, D., 206Palermo, William J., 17Palmer, D. A., 20, 32Palo, Scott E., 118Pandy, R. B., 66Papapolymerou, Ioannis, 60Paris, J. P., 88Parkinson, Claire L., 120Parks, Griffith D., 139Parsons, D. K., 198Pasion, Leonard R., 76Pasqualini, Renata, 150Pasternack, Gary R., 126Patankar, Manoj S., 211Patel, Rakesh, 53Patterson, James H., Jr., 152, 178Patterson, P. P., 100Pearlman, Jay, 73Peetrov, Y., 207Pegion, Philip J., 95Pehrsson, Pehr, 178Peletier, M. A., 106Pelham, Daniel, 73Pennycook, S. J., 208, 209Penuelus, Josep, 87Perkins, Daniel A., 58Perry, Chris E., 153Perry, Eileen M., 88Pertzborn, N. F., 102Pesnell, W. D., 222Peto, Richard, 151Petriello, F. J., 181Petrin, Donald A., 6Petrov, S., 215Petrovic, J., 207Petschek, A. G., 70Phlips, B. F., 64Pierce, Harold, 116Pilat, J. F., 217Pilon, Shari, 130Pitcher, Sadie I., 213Pitha-Rowe, Paula Marie, 135Pitthan, R., 182Pizar, Ellen S., 132Place, Patrick R.H., 160

Plakosh, Daniel, 160Plessky, V. P., 190Pletcher, R. H., 65Poker, D. B., 37Pollmann, J., 80Popper, Steven W., 210Potkonjak, Miodrag, 163Power, J. F., 195Prekop, Paul, 157Press, Michael F., 145Prestridge, K. P., 69Prinzo, O. V., 43Pritchard, Michele, 149Provatas, Arthur, 38Pruess, K., 93Pruvost, N. L., 199Pu, Guo-Liang, 88Pu, Zhao-Xia, 118Pugh, Randolph G., 163Pui, C., 83Puschell, Jeffery J., 73, 74

QQian, Y., 204Qiang, J., 196Qiu, Kang-Mu, 74

RRanchin, T., 88Randles, P. W., 70Ranzau, C. E., 83Rauscher, Christen, 53Rauscher, Frank K., 142Ravelo, R. M., 98Reass, W. A., 204Reddy, Premkumer, 123Reeves, John, 177Rehm, K. E., 197Reimer, P. E., 191Reimers, Clare E., 92Reinhardt, F. W., 94Reinhold, C. O., 196Revercomb, H. E., 72, 86Revercomb, Henry E., 85Reyhan, Gokhan L., 11Reynolds, A. B., 44Reynolds, S., 99Rhodes, Audry G., 9Rich, Alexander, 122Richardson, Aaron W., 156Richardson, Michael, 209Richardson, Michael D., 186, 187

PA–7

Richardson, Michael E., 188, 189Richardson, Mike, 186, 187Richardson, Paul, 54Richardson, T., 202Rizzo, T. G., 182Roberts, Dar A., 88RObertson, Robert E., 81Robinson, J. M., 201Robinson, R. C., 72Robison, T. W., 36Rodrigues, M. G., 37Roelle, Paul A., 105Roesler, S., 184, 223Rokni, Masoud, 66Roman, Joseph, 8Roman, Kenneth M., 54Rong, Zhi-Guo, 74Rosen, Jeffrey, 131Rosenthal, S. J., 208Ross, Timothy D., 75Rossi, Marcia J., 154Rossow, W. B., 117Rossow, William B., 45Rotach, M. W., 69Rothschild, Kenneth J., 151Rubenson, David, 173Rubin, J. B., 103Rubin, M., 202Ruggieri, M., 100Rusk, David, 179Ryne, R. D., 196

SSakamoto, Jeffrey S., 61Salomaa, M. M., 190Sampson, James B., 179Sand, J. R., 41Sanders, John G., 76Sanders, T., 83Sandoval, J. D., 216Santangelo, Thomas, 4Sap, Jan M., 142Saric, William S., 1Sarlese, Justin A., 157Sarrao, J. L., 185Sato, Toshiyuki, 104Sauer, L. D., 168Sauer, N. N., 36Savage, Paul B., 25Savage, S. J., 30Sawyers, Charles, 143Schaffler, Mitchell B., 152Schneider, Daniel, 78

Schneider, Edward, 171Schneider, J. D., 194Schneider, James, 212Schobert, H., 38Schoenfeld, Alan R., 147Schubert, Siegfried, 95Schultz, M., 20Schumacher, Paul D., III, 121Scott, N. A., 117Seacord, Robert C., 160Seaver, Mark, 129Seeholzer, Steven, 136Sekiguchi, Shoji, 106Self, Robert F., 187Seliger, M., 196Selinger, Robin L., 21Selvamanickam, V., 56, 207Sexton, Neil G., 25Shafhid, Igor, 127Shah, M. M., 39Shakofsky, S. M., 82Sharf, A., 207Shatz, Sol M., 163Shaver, David C., 209Shaw, Harry, 79Shen, Samuel S. P., 117Shepherd, J. Marshall, 116Sherman, Jeffrey T., 200Sherman, M., 42Shettigara, V. K., 71Shiao, His-Chi, 41Shie, Chung-Lin, 116Shiflet, G. J., 32Shin, Joon, 47Shirane, G., 207Shively, John E., 139Shultz, Thomas E., 57Shumate, James R., 15Shyy, Wei, 2Siegel, J., 42Sievers, Robert K., 27Silberglitt, Richard, 212Simon, Donald L., 13Simon, H., 169Simonson, J. M., 20Simpson, Joanne, 116, 118Simunovic, S., 22Singer, B., 99Singh, M., 100Singh, P. R., 54Sixta, M., 35Skiena, Steven S., 160Skoglund, P., 30Skutt, Tim, 166Slack, G. A., 206

Slater, C. O., 198Slingerland, Joyce, 149Smid, Miles, 168Smilowitz, L. B., 201Smirl, Arthur L., 52Smith, David, 145Smith, Jerald L., 214Smith, Michael, 62Smith, Patrick J., 14Smith, W. L., 72, 86Smith, William L., 85, 98Smoot, J. E., 37Snyder, Paul G., 24Sofield, C. D., 26Soldatenkov, Viatcheslav A., 133Solomon, Russell, 219Song, C., 38Sonkusale, S., 54Sonna, Larry A., 153Sood, A., 198Southan, Glenn, 44Soyez, G., 205Speckling, Doug, 9Spinos, F. R., 194Srajer, G., 80Srivastava, R. C., 46Sromovsky, Lawrence A., 85St John, Richard, 176Stallings, Brad L., 62Stankus, P. W., 193Steel, Duncan G., 192Stehling, F. C., 20Steinberg, Marc, 4Stephens, R., 195Stephenson, Jeffrey L., 12Stettler, M., 195Stewart, D. S., 25Stewart, G., 185Stoecklein, K. E., 39Stokes, Alan F., 7Stoleru, G., 206Stoneburner, Gary, 173Stowell, Charles A., II, 164Strom, Sara S., 147Strow, Larrabee, 75Strutz, Shane J., 199Stuhmiller, James H., 125, 152, 178Stuhmiller, Louise M., 125Stupakov, G., 184Suarez, Max J., 95, 116Sui, Chung-Hsiung, 116Summers, Pat, 9Sun, H., 33Suri, Manil, 175Surko, Clifford M., 23

PA–8

Sutterfield, Lee, 171Sutton, Jeffrey P., 172Swift, G. W., 42Switzer, Gregg, 78

TTajiri, G., 200Takamura, Tamio, 89Takeuchi, Nobuo, 89Taleyarkhan, R. P., 193Talreja, Ramesh, 22Tamura, Masayuki, 97Tan, Choon S., 55Tan, S. C., 33Tannous, C., 196Tao, Wei-Kuo, 116, 118Tarbutton, T. J., 64Tarry, Scott E., 6Tateishi, Ryutaro, 89Taylor, Christopher L., 153Taylor, James C., 211Telfer, Ross A., 154Tepera, Stacey B., 131Tesny, N., 53Thom, J., 86Thoma, D. J., 31Thomas, Crystal S., 19Thomas, D. E., 37Thomas, Duncan, 144Thomas, Michael A., 18, 57Thompson, K. A., 180, 183Thompson, L. J., 205Thorsos, Eric, 209Tian, Lin, 46Tiegs, T. N., 65Tippur, Hareesh V., 22Tischler, J. Z., 32Tiwari, Raj, 141Tobin, D., 86Tobin, D. C., 72Tokesi, K., 196Tomashefsky, Steve, 9Tonejc, A. M., 207Tong, Qing-Xi, 87Toole, Bryan P., 128Towe, E., 206Tracz, G., 198Tressler, John D., 213Triolo, A., 207Triolo, F., 207Troiano, Edward, 29Tsynkov, S., 77Tsynkov, S. V., 175

Tuan, Hsiao-Lin, 41Tumer, Kagan, 156Turgut, Altan, 119Turner, W. C., 192Turnick, Arnold, 104Twum, Maxwell, 138

UUlvklo, M., 76Underwood, John H., 29Upsadhya, Kameleshwar, 22Uribe, F., 64

VValentine, T. E., 176van der Houwen, P. J., 177Van Hagan, T. H., 194van Rhee, T., 193van Seeters, Jos, 78Varnai, Tamas, 115Vella, J. B., 36Venkataramani, Ravichandran N., 132Venkateswaran, A., 54Vermer, J. G., 102, 118Vethiraj, M., 207Veul, R., 2Vieira, D., 195Vien, G. N., 196Vigilante, G. N., 29Vincenz, Claudius, 134Vineyard, E. A., 41Vixie, K., 52Vizir, A., 192Vlahos, Michael, 214Vo, N., 56Vodicka, Roger, 34Vojtek, Anne B., 124Von Dreele, B., 32vonClarmann, Thomas, 86vonRottkay, K., 202Vorobieff, P., 69Vroblesky, D. A., 84

WWagner, Caroline S., 210Waithe, Kenrich A., 3Walker, G. C., 24Walker, Gilbert C., 34Walker, I., 42Walton, S. G., 203Wang, Joseph, 130

Wang, Li-Bo, 90Wang, M., 100Wang, Y., 29Wang, Yong-Kuan, 74Wang, Zhi-Guang, 129Wanhill, R. J., 31Warren, Lewis, 44Was, G. S., 29Washington, Julius C., 170Watkins, Carl W. L., 189Watkins, J. G., 36Way, David, 220Webb, Katharine W., 173Wegener, Michael, 159Wei, Wei-Zen, 130Weier, Heinz-Ulrich G., 133Weiner, Louis M., 139Weisskopf, Mike, 169Wennersten, Miriam Dvorak, 8Wesolowski, D. J., 32Westerkamp, Lori A., 75Wettergren, Thomas A., 58Wey, C. C., 83White, A. P., 195White, C. W., 207White, Nicholas E., 219Whitefield, P., 83Wilkens, R. H., 186Williams, E. K., 36Williams, Gerald R., 95Williams, K. J., 199Williams, Kevin, 187, 189, 209Williams, Kevin L., 188Wilson, Ed, 15Wilson, Mark, 213Windover, D., 19Winstead, E. L., 83Winter, Edwin M., 90Winter, Michael E., 90Wojahn, Oliver W., 218Wolinsky, M., 52Wolpert, David, 156Wong, C. Y., 203Wong, R. K., 205Woo, Jeanette, 73Wood, S. A., 32Wood, W. T., 186Wood, Warren, 187Wood, Warren T., 66Woodley, M. D., 201Woodley, R. R., 12Woodward, John D., Jr, 155Woodward, John D., Jr., 173Woody, D. W., 41Woolf, Harold M., 74

PA–9

Worley, P. H., 51Wright, Larry, 212Wright, T. R., 180Wu, K., 169Wukitch, Matthew J., 61Wunderlich, B., 38Wurden, G. A., 204Wyckoff, J. J., 79

XXiao, C., 32

YYamamoto, K., 28, 69Yan, Lan, 143Yang, F. R., 204Yang, Jian-Feng, 75Yang, Wu-Nian, 88Yasuoka, Yoshifumi, 85, 97Yeager, William T., Jr., 14Yip, Cecil C., 129Yoon, M., 32Yoou, S. C., 42Yoruk, Teoman, 162Yost, D. M., 39Yost, Douglas M., 40Young, G. R., 193Young, John P., 6Yu, Da-Zhi, 2Yuan, Wan-Ping, 90Yuchnovicz, Daniel E., 7

ZZadravec, Dusan, 78Zakowski, Sandra G., 138Zakrzwski, Charles M., 18Zhang, Bing, 87Zhang, Guang-Shun, 74Zhang, Lan-Feng, 87Zhang, Li-Jun, 74Zhang, Ming, 137Zhang, Shuguang, 122Zhang, Xia, 87Zhang, Yu-Xiang, 74Zhao, Bao-Chang, 75Zhao, Yong-Chao, 87Zhao, Yun-He, 119Zhou, D. K., 86Zhou, Daniel K., 98Zhu, Weihong, 16Zhu, Xun-Bing, 74

Zimmerman, R. L., 37Zwally, H. Jay, 120