stanford university (1)
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Stanford University
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The world has recently witnessed a great Economic Recession of all
times. This Global Economic Turmoil had a negative effect on allsectors and businesses. But, in these times of economic recession,
there were few business areas which were able to not only sustain
their existing growth rate, but were also able to accelerate it;
Education being one of the most prominent among them.
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What they are?
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly
referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private
research university on an 8,180-acre (3,310 ha) campus
located near Palo Alto, California. Leland Stanford, aCalifornian railroad tycoon and politician, founded the
university in 1891 in honor of his son, Leland Stanford, Jr.,
who died of typhoid two months before his 16th birthday.
The university is organized into seven schools includingacademic schools of Humanities and Sciences and Earth
Sciences as well as professional schools of Business,
Education, Engineering, Law, and Medicine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Stanfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Stanford,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Humanities_and_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Earth_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Earth_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Businesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Law_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Law_Schoolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Businesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Earth_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Earth_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Earth_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Humanities_and_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Humanities_and_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Humanities_and_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Humanities_and_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University_School_of_Humanities_and_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Typhoidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Stanford,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Stanford,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Stanford,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Stanford,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Stanford,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Stanford,_Jr.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Stanfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Stanfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leland_Stanfordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palo_Alto,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_university -
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History
Concept of opening the University started on 1st Oct, 1891 by Leland Stanford after 6years of planning and building.
In the following years after 1906, Stanford opened professional schools of medicine,
business, engineering, education and law.
In 1934 after the world war II, alumni volunteers formed "Stanford Associates" toraise money for the university and ensure the development of its programs and facilities.
From then on, Stanford alumni would play a key role in maintaining the universitys
expansion and improvement.
In 1939, with the encouragement of their professor and mentor, Frederick Terman,
Stanford alumni David Packard and William Hewlett established a little electronics
company in a Palo Alto garage. That garage would later be dubbed "the Birthplace ofSilicon Valley."
In 1947, professor William W. Hansen unveiled an electron linear accelerator
prototype, and the following year construction began on a new Microwave Laboratory.
In 1947, professor William W. Hansen unveiled an electron linear accelerator
prototype, and the following year construction began on a new Microwave Laboratory.
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History
Two of the universitys most iconic scientific institutions were built in the 1960s: the2-mile-long linear accelerator (SLAC National Laboratory); and theDish, a 150-foot
diameter radio antenna in the foothills built as a joint venture between the Stanford
Research Institute (SRI) and the Air Force.
In the early 1970s, professor Vinton Cerf, known as the father of the Internet,
developed with a colleague the TCP/IP protocols which would become the standard for
Internet communication between computers.
In 2006, the university embarked upon an ambitious five-year, $4.3 billion campaign,
The Stanford Challenge, to ensure that Stanford continues to educate future leaders andto find solutions to the most pressing global challenges.a new Microwave Laboratory.
http://slac.stanford.edu/http://thestanfordchallenge.stanford.edu/http://thestanfordchallenge.stanford.edu/http://thestanfordchallenge.stanford.edu/http://thestanfordchallenge.stanford.edu/http://thestanfordchallenge.stanford.edu/http://thestanfordchallenge.stanford.edu/http://slac.stanford.edu/http://slac.stanford.edu/http://slac.stanford.edu/http://slac.stanford.edu/http://slac.stanford.edu/ -
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Facts and Figures
There are an estimated 188,385 living Stanford degree holders, including 74,468undergraduate alumni, 95,236 graduate alumni and 18,681 dual-degree holders.
Stanford alumni have started many companies[148] including Hewlett-Packard (William Hewlett
and David Packard), Cisco Systems (Sandra Lerner and Leonard Bosack), NVIDIA, SGI,
VMware, MIPS Technologies, Yahoo! (Chih-Yuan Yang and David Filo), Google (Sergey Brin
and Lawrence Page), Wipro Technologies (Azim Premji), Nike, Gap (Doris Fisher), Logitech, and
Sun Microsystems (Vinod Khosla).
Stanford's current community of scholars includes:
50 Nobel Prize laureates
137 members of the National Academy of Sciences
95 members ofNational Academy of Engineering62 members ofInstitute of Medicine
258 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
19 recipients of the National Medal of Science
2 recipients of the National Medal of Technology
30 members of the National Academy of Education
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Reddington_Hewletthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Lernerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Bosackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NVIDIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo%21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Yang_%28entrepreneur%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Filohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wipro_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azim_Premjihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_%28clothing_retailer%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logitechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinod_Khoslahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Medal_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Medal_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Education&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Academy_of_Education&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Medal_of_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Medal_of_Sciencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Medicinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Academy_of_Engineeringhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_National_Academy_of_Scienceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Prizehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinod_Khoslahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinod_Khoslahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinod_Khoslahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logitechhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doris_Fisherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gap_%28clothing_retailer%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azim_Premjihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azim_Premjihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azim_Premjihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wipro_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wipro_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wipro_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Brinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Filohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Filohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Filohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Yang_%28entrepreneur%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Yang_%28entrepreneur%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Yang_%28entrepreneur%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Yang_%28entrepreneur%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Yang_%28entrepreneur%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo%21http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPS_Technologieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NVIDIAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Bosackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Bosackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Bosackhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Lernerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Lernerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra_Lernerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cisco_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Reddington_Hewletthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Reddington_Hewletthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Reddington_Hewletthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_Universityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University -
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Growth Opportunity
India will fall short of real talent by about - 5.3 million Growth of Higher education needed per five year plan 37 %
Shortfall in number of seats in colleges required and available - 45 %
Creation of 1500 colleges and Universities to reach 15 % GER ( Gross
Enrollment Ratio ) by 2015
Increasing capacity of existing IITs and IIMs by 200 %
Sharp difference in the no. of PHDs in India and US 67000 PHDs and first
class professional in USA compared to 8000 PHDs in India
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Hurdles for setting University
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Quota
Quota System : India since long has been a following apolicy of reservation and quota for certain classes of
people with an aim of inclusive education and upliftmentof socially backward classes. The FEPs are alien to suchconcepts and may feel trouble in implementing this, andproducing the kind of professionals they are known for.
Low Incomes:
Though India has been developing fast, but it is still onthe path of economic development. The per capita
income in India is still nowhere in comparison to thewestern world. In such a situation , we cannot expect alarge part of our population to be able to afford theexpense of education provided by the FEPs. Subsidiesand scholarships may resolve the issue but it may not bepossible for the FEPs to provide these facilities.Multilingualism
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Multilingualism
There are about 29 languages in India which
are spoken by more than a million people.Most of the education in India is carried out inthese regional languages. The FEPs would beable to provide education in only one or twomost prevalent languages leaving out a large
part of prospective clientele.
Profit repatriation
Most of the institutes and universities in India
are setup by trusts, societies and charitablecompanies, where profits are not to be takenout and have to be reinvested. There could beserious issues as these FEPs can prove to be amajor revenue earner and start taking back theprofits to their native country.
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Land and Building
land acquisition is a major issue in India and for
setting up any institute or organisation, land is amust. The capex costs of setting a campus inIndia will mean fees pretty close to those abroadespecially since endowment money cannot beused to offset costs.
Environment Mismatch
Going abroad is an education in and of itself.
Young Indians prize the opportunity to do so.Most of the Indian students who go or wish togo abroad is because of the overall social andeconomical environment prevalent there, whichis more conducive for a healthy living. This setof people would not enrol for programs in India.
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Labour Issues
it would not be feasible to get all the stafffrom foreign. These FEPs would have to go
for local people for most of the jobs. Even IfIndian professors are hired, they will want thesame salary as the expats for teaching thesame course.
Other Issues
So, apart from these primary issues there canbe some secondary issues like ; Follow therule of land, India is nation with substantiallydifferent set of rules and regulations ascompared to those countries in west. TheFEPs need to mandatorily follow the rule ofland and hence may feel uncomfortable.
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Foreign Education Providers Bill A step towards formalizing the foreign education in India and providing a
conducive atmosphere to make this a win-win situation for Indian students as
well as FEPs Foreign providers to set up Independent colleges which will be treated as deemed universities,
offering independent degrees without having to seek affiliation from an Indian university or
tying up with one in partnership.
Foreign universities will be able to offer degree programmes independently in India.
100% foreign investment will be allowed in the sector No need for FEP colleges to come under the UGC supervision, and no need to go through
accreditation process but be subject to regular reviews.
Proposal to free these FEPs from the ambit of Quota and free education
Proposal to create a new category of institutions for the FEPs.
Minimum experience of 10 years in the country of origin before entering India.
Provide a certificate of accreditation from a reputed body of their own country.
No restrictions on fees from governments side.
Scrutiny by central government agencies only for starting a degree program, certificate
programs need to registration
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What Indian government wants?
They are able to create a healthy competition stimulating the Indianinstitutions to revamp themselves.
FEPs are ready for long term investment and lend hand in bridging the gapbetween the demand of quality education and supply form governments side.
FEPs bring with them students from other parts of the world as well,making India more prominent in the world education map.
FEPs help in making India a regional and gradually an internationalhub of modern education.
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How to handle government
interventions and regulations which
could come in their way while
providing world class education
How can they ensure that the
quality of education is maintained
and brand value is protected whenexpanding globally
How they can attract and maintain
a good mix of students in theircampuses
How to design course structure and
content which will be of maximum
benefit to all the stakeholders
How to remain profitable while
adopting a low cost model whichsuits local needs
How to establish a mutually
benefiting long term relationship
with the local partner with both
parties contributing according to
their strengths
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Strategy
Actively engaging all the stakeholders including local partners,
accrediting bodies Devising the course structure to maximize utilization of foreign &
local faculty and resources
Cost model & structure to attract quality mix of student talent
The ones who adopt an innovative solution to address the challenges
is likely to do well
Key focus areas:
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Strategy Cont.
Command over English among students should not be a problem in higher
education
Pedagogical approach generally employed in Indian classrooms centers
around lecturing by the instructor and memorization and repetition on the
part of students
Asking students to suddenly go from sitting passively listening to engaging
in active class discussion and debating with their colleagues and instructors
can take students and instructors far out of their comfort zone Be aware of differences within the educational systems. For example, the
quality assurance process and the way universities are run can be different.
Gaining an understanding of the educational system operates is crucial.
Cultural Aspect
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Strategy
It is appreciated that to ensure long term commitment from the foreign
educational institution, the bill has insisted on an undertaking to maintain a
corpus fund of not less than fifty crore rupees.
The task of regulation of the entry and operation of foreign educational
institution into India is a task with immense responsibilities.
The bill does not define degree or diploma or explicitly state if the degree
of diploma awarded by the Foreign education provider will be considered a
degree / diploma awarded by the foreign university or by the Indian institution
set up under the proposed Act.
Application process of the foreign educational institutions.
The complete application, scrutiny and the notification process of the foreigneducational institutions be made public to encourage transparency.
Mechanism to provide feedback on the Foreign education providers be made
which can then be periodically analysed. This analysis can then form a basis to
prescribe norms / amend the Act.
Does India have the necessary infrastructure that would be needed for
FEPs Bill
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Strategy
Does India have the necessary infrastructure that would be needed.
Faculty could be paid dollar salaries that can be repatriated
Some portion of the revenues generated should be allowed for repatriation to
the parent university for enhancing their infrastructure at home. Indian alumni to donate to their campus in India and encourage them to play a
role in the management of the institution in India.
Consider setting up such branch campuses in the proposed (or to be planned)
SEZs , specially reserved as special education zones. These can have the
normal benefits provided in the special economic zones, involving taxincentives etc.
Possibilities of active interface with Indian universities. collaborative
partnerships among universities is crucial if entry of foreign service providers
is based on the assumption that they will raise the quality bar of at least a
select number of universities in the country.
FEPs Bill
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Strategy Cont.
Exposure in an emerging market could be an attraction for business and
management students. Lower cost is another attraction
Students may not be willing to do the entire program in India as they will be
apprehensive about the quality, limited job opportunities and difficulties in
relocation
Quality of life, food habits, course content and course structure can hold
them back from taking such a decision
Access to world class research facilities existing in India can drive them to
come to India
Fresh enrolment of international students in domestic varsities was at 13,267in 2004-05 and at 14,456 in 2005-06. This shows that inflow is too low
considering the outflow
Attracting Foreign Students