standards requirement for multiplexes and bye laws of noida

Guidelines and space standards for disabled and elderly persons

-Literature Case Study-Standards For Building Types

Guidelines And Space Standards For Disabled And Elderly People.

Bye Laws (As Per Greater Noida Developent Authority).

Sustainable Architecture.

-Jyoti Singh Tomar (12/AR/005)-Shashank Bhatt (12/AR/007)-Shah Zain(12/AR/008)-Jai Vardhan Singh(12/AR/011)-Komal Rathore(12/AR/014)

Standards For Building TypesShopping Center/Multiplex

A shopping center is a complex of retail storesend related facilities planned as a unified groupto give maximum shopping convenience tothe customer and maximum exposure to themerchandise .What Is A Shopping Center?

History About Shopping CentersThe Agora of the typical city of ancient Greecewas essentially a shopping center in the heartof the business district . The Emperor Trajan'sarchitect, the Greek slave Apollodorus, builta shopping center adjacent to the RomanForum in A.D . 110 . It had a two-level enclosedand ventilated mall lined with open-frontedshops startlingly similar to today's most upto-date concept .

Types Of CentersSuburban CentersThis is a row of stores customarily (but not always) in a strip, or line, paralleling the highway and with parking between the line of storefronts and the highway.

Ranging from 20,000 to 100,000 sq ft of space, these projects usually contain a supermarket and a drugstore, often a variety store, and a half-dozen or more service-type stores.

With today's rising land costs and diminishing supply of suitable large tracts, there has been a growing trend toward double-decked parking to save land area. It is simply a matter of the relation between the land cost and the cost of the parking deck.

Illustration Of Regional Shopping Centers (Suburban)

South Dale Shopping Center, One Of The Suburban Shopping Center In New York.

Types Of CentersIntermediate or Community-Size CenterThis also is usually a strip of stores but substantially larger than the neighborhood centerand usually containing a so-called "junior"department store as the major unit.This type is vulnerable to competition from the larger centers and hence has declined in desirability.

Types Of CentersRenewal Projects (Downtown)The trend is toward a close integration, on two or more shopping levels, of department stores, shops of all sorts, restaurants, etc.

The multilevel malls may connect directly or by bridges to other shopping facilities, hotels, office buildings, theaters, and parking garages . Because of high land costs, all parking is normally multidecked and can be above, below, or better laterally contiguous to the shopping facilities.

The downtown trend is toward a multilevel pattern interconnecting the essential parts of the central business district .

Downtown At Houston, USA

Site Selection A site available for development and located within the trade area recommended in the market analysis.

Location easily accessible to at least oneexisting or shortly to be constructed major highway, preferably to two or more major highways . A location literally bordering on one or more major highways is desirable for its advertising impact on passing cars, but this is not necessary if suitable access roadsexist between the highway and the site.

Land cost in proper relation to total capital cost and to obtainable rents.

Site Selection

Utilities available or installable at acceptable cost.

Adequate site area for future expansion and inclusion of supporting facilities, such as office buildings, motels, etc . There is little risk in the acquisition of such additional land, as land values always go up with the construction of a major center.

Schematic Site Of A Shopping Complex

General Design And Planning CriteriaStore DepthsBuildings are usually 120 to 140 ft deep, sometimes more to accommodate larger stores . If there are basements or mezzanines, the depth dimension usually can be reduced 20 to 25 percent .Clear Heights

These vary from 10 to 14 ft or more, with 12 Ft. a good average. Above this clear height, there must be adequate space for air-conditioning ducts, recessed lights, structural system, etc

General Design And Planning CriteriaFlexible Services For The ComplexIt is essential that the mechanical engineer set up a schedule of the location and sizes of the principal duct runs and shafts to avoid serious future space problems.

Central plant equipment can be in a separate building, on the project roof, or elsewhere so long as it is economical as to design and length of runs. Individual plants in each store require roof space, cooling towers, etc .

Traffic Control And ParkingProper signal controls, reservoir lanes, divider strips, and other traffic control features must be provided . It should always be kept in mind that a center with, say, 5,000- car parking and an average turnover on Fridays of, say, four cars per parking space, accommodates a total number of cars per day that would stretch, if traveling in a line on the highway, all the way from one city to another.

Traffic Control And Parking

Provision of adequate and convenient parking is, in fact, a basic requirement of any shopping center, regardless of its size or location.

A ratio of between 5 and 6 car spaces per 1,000 sq ft of leasable store area is mandatory.

In the matter of parking layout, car stalls can be set at angles (say, 70 degs.) to the lanes, which then requires one-way traffic ; or stalls can be at 90 degs. to the lanes, permitting two-way traffic.

Although both are commonly used, the 90 arrangement is somewhat more frequent for grade parking whereas the angled system is more customary for garages and decks.

Guidelines and space standards for disabled and elderly persons

Type of DisabilitiesVarious, disabilities which have been considered while preparing the guidelines are broadly classified under four categories.1. Non-Ambulatory : Impairments that, regardless of cause or manifestation, for all practical purposes, confine individuals to wheel & chairs.2. Semi-Ambulatory : Impairments that cause individuals to walk with difficulty or insecurity. Individual using braces or crutches, amputees, arthritics, spastics &those with pulmonary & cardiac ills may be semi-ambulatory.

Type of Disabilities3. Sight : Total blindness or impairments affecting sight to the extent that the individual functioning in public areas is insecure or exposed to danger.

4. Hearing : Deafness or hearing handicaps that might make an individual insecure in public areas because he is unable to communicate or hear warning signals.

Adequate space for persons using mobility devices* Adequate space should be allocated for persons using mobility devices, e.g. wheelchairs, crutches and walkers, as well as those walking with the assistance of other persons (Fig. I, 2 and 7).* The range of reach (forward and side; with or without obstruction) of a person in a wheelchair should be taken into consideration (Fig. 3,4, 5 and 6).* Attention should be given to dimensions of wheelchairs used locally. Standard size of wheel chair has been taken as 1050mm x 750mm (as per ISI).Space Requirement

Construction and Maintenance Standards

SPECIAL NEEDS FOR THE PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES:-With regard to the design guidelines the special needs of the persons with disabilities for construction of built environment are as follows.

A. NON-AMBULATORY DISABILITIESPersons restricted on wheel chair should use the facilities within the built environment alone without a helpers assistance.

Wheelchair UsersA wheelchair may be operated by the user alone or with a helpers assistance.However, wheelchair design must assume that the user should be able to operate the wheelchair without help.

The width and length of the wheel chair, its control and the diameter of the casters decide the following:

Width of entrances and exists clear 900mm).Width of the passage / corridor (min. 900mm).Slope of the climbing (min. ramp slope 1:12).Passing over different levels and grooves (Grating with narrow slots in the direction of movement and level difference to limit to 2cm or less, Ref. Site.Planning.Range of reach.Transfering from wheel chair (adequate space is required to transfer from wheel chair to toilet seat and bed. (Ref. details of toilet, and guest rooms.Lift size. Toilet size.

SEMI-AMBULATORY DISABILITIES

Persons with impaired walkingPersons in this category who use walking aids such as crutches or canes, who are amputees, who have chest ailments or heart disease. The persons in this category include those who can not walk without a cane and those who have some trouble in their upper or lower limbs although they can walk unassisted.

Design requirements* Width of passage for crutch users (min. 900 mm)* Finishes of floor surface with non slip floor material.* Installation of handrail to support the body weight at the critical places e.g. staircase,toilet, ramp, passage with a change of level (800-850 mm).* Extension of handrail on the flat landing at the top and bottom of the stairs (300mm).* To prevent slipping off the cane or crutch from the side of the stairs or ramps (20 mm high lip on the exposed edge).

To prevent a cane or crutch tip from slipping off the side of the stairs or ramp, install a 20 mm high lip on the exposed edge.

SIGHT DISABILITIES

Persons with impaired visionPersons in this category are totally blind or with impaired vision. Visually impaired persons make use of other senses such as hearing or touch to compensate for the lack of vision. While walking with a white cane to spot their feet near the tip of the cane the persons may bump his or her head or shoulder against protruding objects. Persons with limited vision may be able to discriminate between dark and bright shades and difference in primary colors.

Design requirements* Use of guiding blocks for persons with impaired vision to guide them within thebuildings and facilities and out side the building. (Refer details of guiding/warningblocks).* Installation of information board in braille.* Installation of audible signages (announcements)* Removal of any protruding objects and sufficient walking space for safe walking.* For persons with limited vision use of contrasting color arrangements.

HEARING DISABILITIES

Persons with impaired hearing

Persons in this category are totally deaf or have difficulty in hearing. They are generally use their sight to gather information in public places.

Design requirements

* Provision of information board in an easily understandable manner.* Provision of illuminated signages, layout diagrams to help the persons easily reach the desired place.

ELDERLY PERSONS

Elderly persons may suffer impaired mobility, sight disabilities (partially or fully),hearing disabilities or any other physical difficulties, for which the design guidelines for them within and outside the buildings and facilities shall be similar like other physically disabled persons.

WALKS AND PATHS

* Walks should be smooth, hard level surface suitable for walking and wheeling.Irregular surfaces as cobble stones, coarsely exposed aggregate concrete, bricksetc. often cause bumpy rides.* The minimum walk way width would be 1200 mm and for moderate two waytraffic it should be 1650 .mm - 1800 mm.* Longitudinal walk gradient should be 3 to 5% (30 mm - 50 mm in 1 meter)* When walks exceed 60 Meter in length it is desirable to provide rest area adjacentto the walk at convenient intervals with space for bench seats. For comfort theseat should be between 350 mm - 425 mm high but not over 450 mm.* Texture change in walk ways adjacent to seating will be desirable for blind persons.* Avoid grates and manholes in walks. If grates cannot be avoided then bearingbar should be perpendicular to the travel path and no opening between bearingbars greater than 12 mm in width.

Site Planning

LEVELS AND GROOVES(Passing over different levels and grooves)Sidewalk width* The casters on a wheelchair are about 180 mm in diameter. Therefore, a wheelchaircan only get over a small level difference.* Use a method that can reduce the height of the level difference, in addition to themethods shown here.It can be difficult to move a wheelchair if a caster is caught in a groove.a. It is desirable that there is no difference in level. (If a difference is unavoidable,limit it to 20 mm or less.)b. Round off or bevel the edge.C. To prevent a wheelchair from getting its casters caught in a drainage ditch orother cover.a. Install grating with narrow slots in the direction of movement.b. Treat the grating with a non-slip finish.C. Reduce the gap between an elevator floor and the landing.

Site Planning

Walkways:-* Walkway should be constructed with a non-slip material & different from restof the area.* The walkway should not cross vehicular traffic.* The manhole, tree or any other obstructions in the walkway should be avoided.* Guiding block at the starting of walkway & finishing of the walkway should beprovided.* Guiding block-can be of red chequered tile, smooth rubble finish, prima regina,Naveen tiles or any other material with a different texture as compared to therest of the area.

Site Planning

PARKINGParking :- For parking of vehicles of handicapped people the following provisionsshall be made:a)Surface parking for two care spaces shall be provided near entrance for the physically handicapped persons with maximum travel distance of 30 M from building entrance.b)The width of parking bay shall be minimum 3.60 Meter.c)The information stating that the space is reserved for wheel chair users shallbe conspicuously displayed.d)Guiding floor materials shall be provided or a device which guides visually impaired persons with audible signals or other devices which serves the same purpose shall be provided.

Approach to Plinth LevelApproach to plinth level : Every building should have at least one entranceaccessible to the handicapped and shall be indicated by proper signage. This entrance shall be approached through a ramp together with the stepped entry.

Ramped Approach : Ramp shall be finished with non slip material to enter thebuilding. Minimum width or ramp shall be 1800 mm. with maximum gradient 1:12, length of rarnp shall not exceed 9.0 M having double handrail at a might of 800 and 900 mm on both sides extending 300 mm. beyond top and bottom of the ramp. Minimum gap from the adjacent wall to the hand rail shall be 50 mm.

Site Planning

CROSS SECTION OF RAMP* When climbing a ramp ina wheelchair, the upper limbs must bear the burden ofpropelling the body up the ramp.* When descending a ramp in a wheelchair, especially on steep ramps, there is apossibility of the wheelchair running out of control because the user must manuallycontrol the speed.* Prevent the installation of steep ramps.(a) Make sure the grade of a ramp is a moderate rise of 10 mm to each 120 mmof travel.(W Provide a flat surface 1500 mm or more in length at the top and bottom of theramp for a wheelchair to pause and prevent it from going out of control.

Site Planning

Site PlanningView Of The Ramp

Entrance Landing :-

Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to ramp with theminimum dimension 1800 x 2000 mm. The entrance landing that adjoin the top end of a slope shall be provided with floor materials to attract the attention of visually impaired persons (limited to coloured floor material whose color and brightness is conspicuously different from that of the surrounding floor material or the material that emit different sound to guide visually impaired persons hereinafter referred to as guiding floormaterial (Annexure - I). Finishes shall have a non slip surface with a texture traversable by a wheel chair. Curbs wherever provided should blend to a common level.

Site Planning

Corridor connecting the entrance/exit for the handicapped:- The corridor connecting the entrance/exit for handicapped leading directly outdoors to a place where information concerning the overall use of the specified building can be provided tovisually impaired persons either by a person or by signs, shall be provided as follows:a) Guiding floor materials shall be provided or devices that emit sound to guidevisually impaired persons.b) The minimum width shall be 1500 mm.In case there is a difference of level slope ways shall be provided with a slopeof 1:12.Hand rails shall be provided for ramps/slope ways.

REQUIRED WIDTH FOR PASSAGE OF WHEELCHAIRThe wheelchair body itself is about 650 mm wide. Allowing for the use of handsand arms outside the wheelchair, the passage must be as wide as 900 mm or more. Locations such as entrances and exists can be 900 mm wide. However, acontinuous passage (e.g. a corridor) must at least be 900 mm wide to allow forslight side-to-side movement of the wheelchair as it travels.

Exit/Entrance Door :- Minimum clear opening of the entrance door shall be 900 mm. and it shall not be provided with a step that obstructs the passage of a wheel chair user. Threshold shall not be raised more than 12 mm.

Wherever lift is required as per bye-laws, provision of at least one lift shall be made for the wheel chair user with the following cage dimensions of lift recommended for passenger lift of 13 persons capacity by Bureau of Indian Standards.Clear internal depth : 11OOmm.Clear internal width : 2000 mm.Entrance door width : 900 mm.A hand rail not less than 600 mm. long at 800-1000 mm. above floor levelshall be fixed adjacent to the control panel.The lift lobby shall be of an inside measurement of 1800 x 1800 mm. or more.The time of an automatically closing door should or minimum 5 seconds and the closing speed should not exceed 0.25 M/ Sec.The interior of the cage shall be provided with a device that audibly indicates the floor the cage has reached and indicates that the door of the cage for entrance/exit is either open or closed. Lifts

One special W.C. in a set of toilet shall be provided for the use of handicapped withessential provision of wash basin near the entrance for the handicapped.* The minimum size shall be 1500 x 1750 mm.* Minimum clear opening of the door shall be 900 mm. and the door shall swing out.* Suitable arrangement of vertical/horizontal handrails with 50 mm. clearance from wall shall be made in the toilet.* The W.C. seat shall be 500 mm. from the floor.

The main purpose of signs should be to provide a clear designation of places, warnings and routing information. A person in a wheel chair is less than 1200 mm high. A person who is partially sighted needs contrasting texture along side walkways and audible signs for dangerous areas. Signs should be useful to everyone, easily seen from eye level, readable by moving the fingers and well lighted for night time identification.

* Signs shall indicate the direction and name of the accessible facility andincorporate the symbol of access.* The size, type and layout of lettering on signs shall be clear and legible.* Signs should be in contrasting colours and preferably be embossed in distinct relief to allow visually impaired persons to obtain the information they contain by touching them.* Simple symbols and contrasting colours which are universally recognized should be used, e.g. green for saety or go, yellow or amber for risk or caution, and red for danger.Signages/Symbols

PLACES TO INSTALL GUIDING BLOCKS FOR PERSONS WITH IMPAIRED VISION

1.Immediately in front of a location where there is a vehicular traffic.2.Immediately in front of an entrance/exit to and from a staircase or multilevel crossing facility.3.Entrance/exit to and from public transportation terminals, or at boarding areas.4.Sidewalk section of a guiding or approaching road to the building.5.Path from a public facility which is frequently visited by persons with impairedvision (e.g. a city hall or library) to the nearest railroad station (to be installed atintervals)6.Other places where installation of a guiding block for persons with impaired vision is considered effective (e.g. locations abruptly changing i n level or ramp).

Counters

To make a counter easily accessible for a wheel chair user, allow a space about700mm high and 350mm deep under the counter.

Water Fountains (Drinking)

Allow sufficient space around the water fountain to make it easily accessible for wheel chair users. Depending on the type of water fountain allow a space about 700 mm high and 350 mm deep under the fountain.

Telephones

Allow a space about 700 mm high and 350 mm deep under the telephone stand. The telephone receiver must be placed at a height of 1O cm or less.

Mailboxes

The mail slot must be located at a height of 1200 mm or less.

Bye laws for Cinemas and multiplex

Greater Noida FAR, ground coverage and heightS.NOUseMaximum Ground coverageMaximum FARMaximum Height In Metres1Convenient Shopping Centre* 40%80152Sector Shopping* 40%120153Sub District Center, Shopping along Street and other Shopping Centers* 30%15045

S. NOPARTICULARS1 TO 2 SCREEN3 TO 5 SCREENMORE THAN 5 SCREENS1Minimum width of plot38 mts.38 mts.38 mts.2Minimum plot area2500 sqm3800 sqm6300 sqm3Minimum width of the front road12.25 mt.18.50 mt.30 mt.

SetbacksS.noPlot Size Front(in metres) Rear(in meters)Side 1(in meters)Side 2(in meters)1Upto 1503.01.5002Above 150 to up to 3003.0 3.0003Above 300 up to 500 4.53.03.004Above 500 up to 2000 6.03.03.03.05Above 2000 up to 40009.06.06.06.06Above 4000 up to 10,00015.06.06.06.07Above 10,000 up to 20,00015.09.09.09.0

Permissible structure in set backs

I. Permissible structures in set backs :-

Underground water tanks with top flush with the adjoining ground level.

Cantilevered canopy projections of 4.5m .X 2.4meter in front or side set backs (maximum 2 nos.) in plots where front set back is 4.5meter or more and only one such canopy in side set back where front set back is less than 4.5meter. No construction of any type shall be permitted over the canopy projections.

Open plinth steps (max. 5nos.) at one place within 1.0 meter from setback line. Watchman shelter.

Meter room.

Two end-walls upto 75 cms from the setback line.

S. NOCANTILEVER PROJECTIONS PERMITTED1 TO 2 SCREEN3 TO 5 SCREENMORE THAN 5 SCREENS

1Front4 mts.4.5 mts.5 mts.2Rear2.5 mts.2.5 mts.3 mts.3Sides2.5 mts.2.5 mts.3mts.

FAR shall include:- mezzanine. mumty for staircase. A watchman shelter.

FAR shall not include :- Cantilevered canopy projections of 4.5m .X 2.4meter in front or side set backs (maximum 2 nos.) in plots where front set back is 4.5meter or more and only one such canopy in side set back where front set back is less than 4.5meter. No construction of any type shall be permitted over the canopy projections (in setbacks).

Basement (including double basement) if used for parking, services and storage (storage upto 25% in case of Industrial Building storage upto 100%) and shall be restricted upto maximum permissible ground coverage. The max. height of the basement from floor to ceiling shall be 4 m.

Stilt area of non-habitable height proposed to be used for parking, landscaping etc.

Loft up 1.2 meter.

FAR(Floor Area Ratio)

FAR-Floor Area Ratio 'Exemptions from FAR' :-

Basement or cellar if used for many other purpose than given below in all types of buildings shall be included in FAR calculations.

Storage of any kind.

Dark room.

Strong room, bank cellars.

Air conditioning equipment and other machine used for services and utilities of the building. Parking places and garages.

Stock rooms of libraries.

Mumty or stair cover shall not be counted towards FAR calculations in all types of building.

A watchman shelter not exceeding 10 square meter in area and 3 meters in height on the housing plot of 0.50 acre.

Bye laws - NoidaMercantile buildings which are shopping centers

In the case of mercantile buildings of shopping centers, the open space shall be 3.0 meters minimum in front and rear, side open spaces may not be necessary if it is developed as shopping area under Row Buildings Scheme.FAR for business mercantile is specified as (75 in per cent)

ParkingIn Mercantile 1 Parking space for every 100 sq.m. carpet area or fraction thereof.

In providing the parking, care has to be taken that 50 per cent of the open space is left for landscaping and is not accounted for in parking calculations.

In addition to the parking space provided for building of mercantile (commercial) industrial and storage at the rate of one such space for loading and unloading activities for each 1,000 square meter of floor area and fraction thereof exceeding the first 200 square meter of floor area shall be provided.

Parking lock up garage shall be included in the floor area ratio calculations unless they are provided in basement of a building or under a building constructed on silts with no external walls.

The spaces to be left out for parking shall be in addition to the open spaces left for lighting and ventilation purposes.

S.NOPARKING1 TO 2 SCREEN3 TO 5 SCREENMORE THAN 5 SCREENS (1)FOR SCREEN A For car10% of the sitting capacity10% of the sitting capacity10% of the sitting capacity B For scooter20% of the sitting capacity20% of the sitting capacity20% of the sitting capacity C For Bicycle20% of the sitting capacity20% of the sitting capacity20% of the sitting capacity D For public transportOff street parkingOff street parkingOff street parking (1)FOR SHOPPING CENTRE A For carOne car parking for 40 sqm commercial carpet areaOne car parking for 40 sqm commercial carpet areaOne car parking for 40 sqm commercial carpet area B For scooter and bicycleArea same as provided for car parkingArea same as provided for car parkingArea same as provided for car parking

Height

The absolute height of a building shall not exceed 1.50 times width of the road abutting plus the front set back.

If a building abuts on two or more roads of different widths, the building shall be deemed to face upon the road that has the greater width and the height of the building shall be regulated by the width of that road.

Water tanks on roof and their supports, lift rooms ventialting air conditioning and similar services equipment, roof structure chimneys other than pent houses, parapet walls and architectural features not exceeding limit in height provided the aggregate area of such structures.

LocationHeight RestrictionTown centreNo restrictionSub district and Institutional area 45 metersHospitals in institutional area 24 metersAll building in group housing pockets in the residential area 24meters

Height Restrictions Of Various Building Types

MEANS OF ACCESSMain entrance to the premises shall be of width not less than 5 mts. If archway is provided over the main entrance, the height of the archway shall not be of height less than 5 mts.The external window shall not be blocked by louveres etc.EXIT REQUIREMENTSEvery building meant for human occupancy shall be provided with exits sufficient to permit safe escape of occupants in case of fire or other emergency.All exits shall be free of obstructions.Exits shall be clearly visible and the routes to reach exits shall be clearly marked and signs posted to guide the occupants of floor concerned.All exit ways shall be properly illuminated.Fire fighting equipment where provided along exits shall be located.Alarm devices shall be installed to ensure prompt evacuation of the occupants concerned through the exits, wherever required.Other Requirements

S. NO.GROUP OF OCCUPANCYNO. OF OCCUPANTS STAIRWAYS RAMPS DOORS 1Multiplex/ shopping centre 50 60 75

S. NO.LOCATIONS ILLUMINATION, LUXa) Foyers 150b) Auditoria50c) Corridors70d) Stairs/Ramps 100

S. NO.MINIMUM REQUIRED AREA FOR-1 TO 2 SCREEN3 TO 5 SCREENMORE THAN 5 SCREENSONE SEAT/ CHAIR0.65 SQM.0.65 SQM.0.65 SQM.

Sustainibility Of A BuildingLiterature/case studyShopping Mall/Multiplexes

Sustainable ArchitectureWhat is Sustainability?Sustainable DesignPrinciples of Sustainability in ArchitectureEnergy design strategySustainable Building Life CyclePre-Building PhaseBuilding PhasePost-Building PhaseWater HarvestingSustainable construction materialsPreservation of Natural ConditionsHuman Comforts

Civil Engineering and ArchitectureUnit 2 Lesson 2.3 Residential DesignProject Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Green Building and Sustainable Architecture70

What is Sustainability?Sustainability - Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The practice of creating building products and methods that respect the environment and human health.


Sustainable DesignReduces the negative impact on the environment and human health, thus improving the performance during a buildings life cycle. Careful consideration is given to

Water EnergyBuilding MaterialsSolid Waste.

The goal when designing a sustainable building is to design and create a structure that operates in harmony with the environment and its occupants. Natural resources are carefully considered in all phases of the structure.


Principles of Sustainability in Architecture

Economy of Resources - Reduce, recycle, and reuse natural resources.

Life Cycle Design - Structured methodology for the building process.

Human Design - Harmony between humans and nature.

Economy of ResourcesAnalysis of building inputs and outputs of natural resources require new methods and strategies to maximize all resources.Life Cycle Design Building may cost more up front, but savings is achieved over the life of the building. This may be achieved through passive heating and cooling, insulation, alternative sources of energy, energyefficient equipment, and appliances.Humane DesignFocuses on the interactions between humans preserving natural conditions. This may include integration of public transportation, natural light through windows, operable windows for fresh air, and non-toxic materials.


Illustration Of Principles For Sustainable Architecture

Energy design strategyOptimize building envelope, minimize demand through serious conservation,and supply energy with maximum efficiency and using renewables:

Site micro-climate

Energy conservation

Passive solar heating

Passive cooling and natural ventilation

Day lighting

Renewables

Sustainable Building Life CyclePre-Building

Building

Post-Building

Pre-Building PhaseHow building materials impact the environment: harvesting trees could result in deforestation; mining mineral resources (iron for steel; bauxite for aluminum; sand, gravel, and limestone for concrete) disturbs the natural environment; even the transport of these materials can be a highly polluting activity, depending on their weight and distance from the site. The manufacturing of building products also requires energy and creates environmental pollution: for example, a high level of energy is required to manufacture steel or aluminum products.

Building PhaseThe operation of the building life cycle considers natural resources, its carbon footprint, and operating costs.

Post-Building PhaseOld materials become resources for other building or waste to be returned to nature. The sustainable-design strategy focuses on reducing construction waste (which currently comprises 60% of the solid waste in landfills) by recycling and reusing buildings and building materials.Civil Engineering and ArchitectureUnit 2 Lesson 2.3 Residential DesignProject Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Green Building and Sustainable Architecture76

Pre-Building Phase Site selection, building design, and building material processes, up to but not including installation.

Examine the environmental consequences of the structures design, orientation, impact on the landscape, and materials used.

Neighborhood and cities can benefit by proper planning. Consideration of water demands and building material during the planning phase. Creative architects and planners can use the natural resources provided by the building site.


Building Phase

Construction and operation processes reduce the environmental impact of resource consumptionLong-term health effects of the building environment on its occupants are considered

Reduced energy consumption and the comfort of building occupants are two criteria that architects consider most during the life of the structure.


Post-Building PhaseOld materials become resources for other buildings or waste to be returned to nature. The sustainable design strategy focuses on reducing construction waste by recycling and reusing packaging and excess material.

The sustainable design strategy focuses on reducing construction waste (which currently comprises 60% of he solid waste in landfills) by recycling and reusing buildings and building materials.


Rainwater harvesting

It Is A Technique To Recharge Ground Water Through Rain Water, Here Is A Small Illustration Of A Rainwater Harvesting In A Building.Channel Holes Are Created On The Rooftop Of The Building Which Is Connected to The Underground Tank.


Sustainable Construction Materials

Sustainable sourcesExtraction, processing, manufactureEmbodied energyTransport, assemblyLife cycle maintenanceEmissionsRecycling, disposalNB Composite materials

For Suitable Construction Materials:-

Preservation of Natural Conditions An architect should minimize the impact of a building on its local ecosystem (e.g., existing topography, plants, and wildlife).

Architects and engineers now consider wildlife and the destruction of waterways and food chains for the proposed building site in all phases of the structures life.Civil Engineering and ArchitectureUnit 2 Lesson 2.3 Residential DesignProject Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Green Building and Sustainable Architecture82

Human Comforts A buildings design should enhance the work and home environments. This can improve productivity, reduce stress, and positively affect health and well being.

Occupants who are comfortable in there surroundings are more productive.Civil Engineering and ArchitectureUnit 2 Lesson 2.3 Residential DesignProject Lead The Way, Inc.Copyright 2010Green Building and Sustainable Architecture83

BibliographyWatsons- All Types Of Building Types Vol.2.Neufrets Time Savour.

Thank You!!!