standardised avalanche reports michael staudinger, lwz - salzburg
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Standardised Avalanche Reports Michael Staudinger, LWZ - Salzburg. Do back country skiers understand the avalanche report in the way the producers intend that? Result: Yes and No !!! 2/3 can reproduce the danger level correctly. but: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Standardised Avalanche Reports
Michael Staudinger, LWZ - Salzburg
Do back country skiers understand the avalanche report in the way the producers intend that?
Result: Yes and No !!!
2/3 can reproduce the danger level correctly.
but:
2/3 are not able to quote the additional information in the avalanche reports correctly.
Who knows the additional information in the avalanche reports ? ? ?
- people with avalanche trainings,
- experts in snow and avalanches
- using avalanche strategies (50% of the users),
- those who consider avalanche reports as important
- those who can recognize terrain features
1. A picture says more than 1000 words!
The reader translates the report into pictures and compares this with reality
> > > source of errors
example:ask person about slope exposition –
he´ll roll his eyes and talk with his hands and arms
2. First things first!
Description of the avalanche situation should be the first topic
Information on the snow cover is important, but needs more expert knowledge to be understood.
Weather is important, but there are weather reports and readers look for avalanche information first.
3. From the simple to the complex!
A user with poor expert knowledge should find those informations he needs the most (exposition, height etc.)on the best place.
The more a user studies the avalanche report,the more possibilities in the mountains he should be offered.
This rule would motivate the user to go further into the text and to translate these informations into real terrain.
E.g. : danger level 3
Regional danger level e. g. for Silvretta: below 2000m
Exposition: North to Southeast danger spots: close to ridges
4. Standardised Layout:
Learning new icons needs time
They only work if they are :
standardised across the Alps!
Once reports are standardised, a large synergy potential becomes available (approx factor 10)
(example of the European danger scale)
European Weather Warnings
European Weather Warnings
Launch on 23rd March 2007: 12 Mio hits/day !
Science of communication :
3 Rules for the warning of the public:
Science of communication :
3 Rules for the warning of the public:
• Infos have to be clear and concise- speak like the people
(floods: these houses have to be evacuated)
Science of communication :
3 Rules for the warning of the public:
• Infos have to be clear and concise- speak like the people
(floods: these houses have to be evacuated)
• System has to be consistent as a whole: Warnings - Definitions
Science of communication :
3 Rules for the warning of the public:
• Infos have to be clear and concise- speak like the people
(floods: these houses have to be evacuated)
• System has to be consistent as a whole: Warnings - Definitions
• Good symbols concentrate the information,
raise the level of attention - (learning phase)
Amount of information > > > >
Pyramid of informaton:pen
etra
tion
dep
th >
> >
danger level
Texts:1. Avalanche danger2. Snow cover 3. Weather
user knowledge today:
2/3
1/3
greenhorn
danger level
Texts:1. Avalanche danger2. Snow cover 3. Weather
user knowledge today:
2/3
1/3
greenhornmountain guide
commission
3
danger degree
Language independent
Avalanche danger
user knowledge tomorrow:
2/3
1/3 >> 2/3
¼ >> 2/3 !!
greenhorn
Texte:1. Avalanche danger2. Snow cover3. Weather4. Tendency
3
danger degree
Texte:1. Avalanche danger2. Snow cover3. Weather4. Tendency
user knowledge tomorrow:
„greenhorn“
„Snowslabs on southeastern slopes
above 2000m already in the morning“
wet + dry aval. seperately
Bavaria:
history of danger level
DAV –Piktogramme
(user representatives)
all information pictogrammed!
DAV - Symbols
Conclusion:
too little remains in the memory of the users of the avalanche reports
We should transport more than only danger degrees
Recommandations:
Standardised contents (and order of the different elements)
Standardised graphical concepts
Conclusion of the working group on avalanche reports:
Standardised graphical concepts (icons):
aspects ***
time development ***
elevation ***
regional danger levels ** (decided by regional aval. service
Proposal for standardised report:
Change of danger level during the day:
Proposal for standardised report:
Change of danger level during the day:
Most critical slope aspect:
Proposal for standardised report:
Change of danger level during the day:
Most critical slope aspect:
Most critical height:
Display changes during the day: morning
Change of danger level during the day:
Most critical slope aspect:
Most critical slope height:
Display changes during the day: afternoon
Change of danger level during the day:
Most critical slope aspect:
Most critical slope height:
Web new:
Does it matter if we loose users?
• Approx. domestic users (all alpine countries)
2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009
4 Mio
8 Mio
12 Mio
16 Mio
Does it matter if we loose users?
• Estimated domestic users (all alpine countries)
• Users outside the own region
2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009
4 Mio
8 Mio
12 Mio
16 Mio
Does it matter if we loose users?
• Estimated domestic users (all alpine countries)
• Users outside the own region
2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009
4 Mio
8 Mio
12 Mio
16 Mio
Does it matter if we loose users?
• Estimated domestic users (all alpine countries)• Users outside the own region• Integrated outside users
2002 2003 2004 2006 2007 2008 2009
4 Mio
8 Mio
12 Mio
16 Mio
Additional users
2007 20092008
4 Mio
8 Mio
12 Mio
16 Mio
Additional users
2007 20092008
20 Mio Users!
4 Mio
8 Mio
12 Mio
16 Mio
Technical solution:
• 1. Production in each country
• 2. production on a single website +deep link
Txs for your attention!!