standardisation in media formats
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www.FITT-for-Innovation.eu
Standardisation in Media Formats
FITT
(Fostering Interregional Exchange in ICT Technology Transfer)
Standardisation in multimedia
Standardisation is a strategic process in the technological evolution and commercialisation of ICT software and hardware. Therefore it is important that there is in a very early stage of the technology a close collaboration between the research community, the industry and policy makers to converge this process within the standardisation bodies.
Nature of reusability: Standardisation in Multimedia is exemplary for this process in other domains
Case is mostly generic
Quality/Nature of stakeholders: Research institutes, industry, policy, Standardisation bodies
Processes related to case: IP management, standardisation
Standardisation Processes in Multimedia
Peter Schelkens
Interdisciplinary Institute for Broadband Technology & Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Department of Electronics and Informatics (ETRO)
Today’s Focus
Standardisation organisations, processes and structure Some illustrations
IPR issues Conclusions
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Today’s Focus
Standardisation organisations, processes and structure Some illustrations
IPR Issues Conclusions
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Strategy
Strategy = f(technology, international standardisation body, European standardisation body, national standardisation body, application domain, IPR status, budget, regulatory aspects, etc.)
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International Standardisation
International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO)
http://www.iso.org/ International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) http://www.iec.ch/
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
http://www.itu.int/ Europe
CEN – CENELEC – ETSI
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National Organisation (Belgium)
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Source: Marc Cumps – Agioriahttp://www.ictstandards.be/
Normalisation Timeline
Phases of the standardisation process: New Project (NP)
Can start with Technical Report (TR)
Working Draft (WD) Committee Draft (CD) Final Committee Draft (FCD) (Final) Draft International Standard ((F)DIS) International Standard (IS)
Process: NB balloting for every step Consensus-based
Duration 2.5-3 years But: fast track schemes are possible
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Research Timeline vs. Normalisation Timeline vs. Commercialisation Timeline
Succesful participation = multi-lateral strategy
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Fundamental Research Strategic Research Industrial R&D
Standardisation Process
Incubation
Product
Y0Y-1Y-2Y-3Y-5 Y-4Y-6
IP Protection
Lobbying,Call for Evidence, Technical
Reports
.............
Spin-offIP Licensing
IS Norm Maintenance
Today’s Focus
Standardisation organisations, processes and structure Some illustrations
IPR Issues Conclusions
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ISO/IEC & ITU-T Standards
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MPEG-7
MPEG-21
MPEG-4AVC
MPEG-1
MPEG-2
MPEG-4
ISO/IEC
CD-ROM
DVD, Digital TV, HDTV
Multimedia: Baseline,AVC, SVC, AFX
H.261
H.263(+)
ITU-T
ISDN Videoconferencing
Desktop/mobile video telephony
Metadata
DRM, DIA, …
H.262
H.264
JPEG
JPEG2000
?
JPEG
Standardised in 1994 (Start activities in 1986) Massive market adoption started in the late 90’s.
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(Source Wikipedia dd. 2008)
MP3/AAC
MP3 = MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (1992) Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) = MPEG-2 Part 7 Audio
(1997) + updated in MPEG-4 Part 3 (1999, 2001)
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MPEG-2
Standardised in 1994 Succesfully deployed in DVD and Digital Television
markets
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JPEG 2000
Standardised in 2000 Illustration of an ecosystem standard Succesful in niche markets
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MPEG-4 AVC or H.264
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MPEG-4 Part 10 Standardised in 2008
Evolution in video coding
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H.264 /MPEG-4 AVC
Extension of AVC/H.264Scalable Video Coding (SVC)
spatial resolution
temporal resolution
4CIF
CIF
QCIF
7.5153060
bit-rates
high
low
What will be on the menu in the future?
Generic or focused? What are the technologies around? Intellectual property rights: a concern?
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Quiche or Niche?
Saturation effect is observable with respect to incremental improvements new technology is able to bring to current multimedia standards
Generic technologies tend to negate properties and requirements of niche markets
Embedding niche market requirements intrinsically overload standards with wide coverage
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What if we stay generic?
So what can our chef do? Halve the cake but keep the quality Keep the cake but double the quality Keep the quality and boost the fool tolerance of the
cooking process Improve the
presentation ofthe dish
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This is the recepie for ITU-T’s H.265 (1/2)
Focus on “Less is more”
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Internet
Residential Network
Residential Gateway
This is the recepie for ITU-T’s H.265 (2/2)
Focus on “High Quality”
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Source wikipedia : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:UHDV.svg
Focus on “Fool Tolerance”
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MPEG-4 Multiview Video Coding (MVC)
Standard supporting stereo and multiview coding Based on H.264
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JPEG-XR
Proposed by Microsoft as successor of JPEG Focused on digital photography market Supports High Dynamic Range (HDR) photography
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Advanced Image Coding (AIC)
Focus on perceptual quality and new image coding technologies
Call for Proposals has been launched
Similar quality related activities in ITU-T
Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG)
Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG)
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Today’s Focus
Standardisation organisations, processes and structure Some illustrations
IPR Issues Conclusions
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Intellectual Property and Standards: a Tough Nut to Crack
Two streams Royalty fee free standards
JPEG, JPEG 2000 ... Licensing fee based standards
H.264, ...
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Intellectual Property and Standards: a Tough Nut to Crack
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Today’s Focus
Standardisation organisations, processes and structure Some illustrations
IPR Issues Conclusions
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Conclusions
Strategy = f(technology, international standardisation body, European standardisation body, national standardisation body, application domain, IPR status, budget, regulatory aspects, etc.)
Be involved! You have impact Standardisation bodies are an invaluable source of
information But, you have to compose the menu
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