standard whii.4c the student will demonstrate knowledge of
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STANDARD WHII.4c
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the impact of the European Age of Discovery and expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia by
c) explaining migration, settlement patterns, cultural diffusion, and social classes in the colonized areas.
WARM UP
Use your notes
List five people who came to the Americas and explored during the “Age of Exploration”.
Essential Understandings
Europeans migrated to new colonies in the Americas, creating new cultural and social patterns.
Europeans established trading posts and colonies in Africa and Asia.
World-wide exploration led to many changes in the world…
Affects In the Americas
Many European nations claimed territory in the Americas…
Many people migrated to the New World
Many colonies imitated the culture and social patterns of their parent countries
Affects In the Americas
Latin America (Caribbean and South America) had a rigid class system and dictatorial rule (strong leader ruling harshly)
Affects In the Americas
Following their conquests, Spanish organized themselves into “encomiendas”
Affects In the Americas
Following their conquests, Spanish organized themselves into “encomiendas”
Encomienda
Large plantation or ranch
Affects In the Americas
Following their conquests, Spanish organized themselves into “encomiendas”
Encomienda
Large plantation or ranch
Affects In the Americas
Following their conquests, Spanish organized themselves into “encomiendas”
Native Americans were used as slaves
When many of them died from diseases, Africans were forcibly imported
Affects In the Americas
This was called the “Encomienda System”
It ended in a very rigid class system based on where you were born and who your parents were
Affects In the Americas
This system ended in a very rigid class system based on where you were born and who your parents were
Affects In the Americas
Peninsulares – Person
born in Spain and living in the New World
Affects In the Americas
Creole – Person with Spanish born parents, but
born in the New World
Affects In the Americas
Mestizo – Person born with mixed European and Native
American ancestry Mulatto – Person born with
mixed European and African ancestry
Affects In the Americas
Mostly slaves of the New World
After the defeat of the Aztec and Inca, Spain and Portugal both begin claiming land in South America
In some cases, they both claim the same land as their own!
Treaty of Tordesillas –
Spain and Portugal agree to divide the land at the 46°W
Spain got all the land to the West
Portugal got all the land to the East
Spain also claims land in most of the Caribbean, Central America, and the Southwestern portion of North America
They also control Florida
Spain had more land in the New World than any other European country!
England claims most of the East Coast of North America and some land in Canada
France claimed much of Canada and a large portion of land surrounding the Mississippi River
The Netherlands (the Dutch) own New York and a small piece of South America
Affects In Africa
Europeans established many trading posts along the coast of Africa
Most of Africa is taken as colonies by Europe
Affects In Africa
Only Ethiopia remained independent!
Affects In Africa
Europe then begins to take most of the available resources
This includes gold and diamonds!
Affects In Africa
Europe then begins to take most of the available resources
This includes gold and diamonds!
Many Africans are captured and sold into slavery
Affects in Asia
Small groups of merchants begin to Colonize parts of Asia (India, the Indies, China)
They are establishing trade outposts
Affects in Asia
Soon, large trading companies from European nations began to take over
This greatly influenced Asia
Britain – India and Indonesia
Russia – northern
China
French – Southeast
Asia
Dutch (Netherlands) – Indonesia
Essential Questions
What were the effects of European migration and settlement on the Americas, Africa, and Asia?
STANDARD WHII.4d
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the impact of the European Age of Discovery and expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia by
d) describing the Columbian Exchange, including its impact on native populations.
Essential Understandings
The discovery of the Americas by Europeans resulted in an exchange of products and resources between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres.
Trade between the Americas and the Old World became known as the Columbian Exchange, named after Christopher Columbus
Columbian Exchange
New items are being introduced on BOTH sides of the Atlantic Ocean
Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange - A system of trade begun by Columbus
Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange
A wide spread system of trade begun by Columbus exchanging many new foods, products, and culture between the Old World and the New World
Columbian Exchange
Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles. They had never seen these products before!
Columbian Exchange
Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles. They had never seen these products before!
European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians.
Columbian Exchange
Western Hemisphere agricultural products, such as corn, potatoes, and tobacco, changed European lifestyles. They had never seen these products before!
European horses and cattle changed the lifestyles of American Indians.
European diseases, such as smallpox, killed many American Indians. The natives had no immunity!
Columbian Exchange
Disease –
9 out of 10 (90%) of Native Americans died in the first several years when Europeans explored the Americas
Columbian Exchange
Disease –
9 out of 10 (90%) of Native Americans died in the first several years when Europeans explored the Americas
This was because of disease
Columbian Exchange
Lord Jeffrey Amherst
1763 – set out to wipe out a group of Native Americans in Ohio
He had his troops deliver blankets infected with smallpox to the tribes!
Columbian Exchange
Disease –
9 out of 10 (90%) of Native Americans died in the first several years when Europeans explored the Americas
Because of disease, Native Americans were not suitable as a labor force.
Throughout the Americas many European settlers created the “Plantation System”
Throughout the Americas many European settlers created the “Plantation System”
Plantation System
Huge farms which grew one specific cash crop for sell
Throughout the Americas many European settlers created the “Plantation System”
Cash Crop
A single agricultural crop grown to sell and make large amounts of money
The Plantation System required large amounts of labor
It couldn’t be the Native Americans
The Plantation System required large amounts of labor
It couldn’t be the Native Americans
The settlers chose Africans as their new labor force!
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to
the use of African slaves.
Impact of the Columbian Exchange
European plantation system in the Caribbean
and the Americas destroyed indigenous
economics and damaged the environment. Native Americans were killed off and large portions of
land were cleared
Essential Questions
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures?
SOL Question…
The Colombian Exchange is best explained as the –
A Exchange of South American land between Spain and Portugal
B Result of a struggle between the Spanish and the Incas
C Exchange of agricultural goods between Europe and the Americas
D Result of a conflict between South American colonies and Europe
SOL Question…
Shortly after the initial contact with Europeans,
American Indian (First American) populations began to
decrease rapidly because of —
A warfare
B famine
C disease
D genocide
SOL Question…
The Columbian Exchange introduced which of the following to Europeans?
A Corn
B Cows
C Wheat
D Horses
SOL Question…
Which choice correctly identifies a major trade pattern of the Columbian Exchange? A Cattle along arrow 1 B Coal along arrow 1 C Tobacco along arrow 2 D Horses along arrow 2
STANDARD WHII.4e, f
The student will demonstrate knowledge of the impact of the European Age of Discovery and expansion into the Americas, Africa, and Asia by
e) mapping and explaining the triangular trade;
f) describing the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas.
Essential Understandings
The European nations established a trade pattern known as the triangular trade and exported precious metals from the Americas.
Triangular Trade
The Triangular Trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Triangular Trade
Colonial trade between the American colonies, Europe, and Africa, including the exchange of goods and slaves
Triangular Trade
This was an efficient way to trade
No route was left empty
Triangular Trade
Triangular Trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
1. Textiles, rum, and manufactured goods were traded to Africa
1
Triangular Trade
Triangular Trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
2. Slaves were transported to the Americas and traded for…
1
2
Triangular Trade
Triangular Trade linked Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
3. Sugar, tobacco, cotton and other goods which were taken to Europe and traded for more textiles, rum, and manufactured goods!
1
2
3
Triangular Trade
The center portion of this trade was called the “Middle Passage.”
Middle Passage
The portion of the Triangular Trade in which African slaves were brought to the Americas
MIDDLE PASSAGE
Export of precious metals
Export of precious metals
Gold and silver is exported to Europe and Asia
A huge negative impact on indigenous empires of the Americas
A huge economic impact on Spain and international trade
Essential Questions
What was the triangular trade?
What was the impact of precious metal exports from the Americas?
SOL Question…
This table describes the triangular trade between Europe, the Americas, and—
A East Asia
B West Africa
C Eastern Europe
D Southwest Asia