standard operating procedure wwsop02000 effective date: 04/01/2013
DESCRIPTION
KENTUCKY WATERSHED WATCH STREAM GRAB SAMPLE COLLECTION. Standard Operating Procedure WWSOP02000 Effective Date: 04/01/2013. Grab Sample SOP. This presentation is based on the “Kentucky Watershed Watch Stream Grab Sample Collection Standard Operating Procedure WWSOP02000” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Standard Operating ProcedureWWSOP02000
Effective Date: 04/01/2013
KENTUCKY WATERSHED WATCH STREAM GRAB SAMPLE COLLECTION
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This presentation is based on the “Kentucky Watershed Watch Stream Grab Sample Collection Standard Operating Procedure WWSOP02000”and is available fromwwky.org
Grab Sample SOP
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•Stream safety•Sample site location•Pre-sampling information•Collection procedures•Preservation
Stream Grab Sample
CollectionProcedures
•Recordkeeping•Transportation•Results
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Site Coordinates and Photos• GPS (decimal degrees – 5 decimal places)
OR Digital map (KGS WW Site - http://kgs.uky.edu/kgsmap/krww/viewer.asp or Google Earth)
• Take photos upstream and downstream of sampling point – with recognizable landmarks; should be taken annually during Summer sampling event
• Label photos: “Site#upstream” and “Site#downstream”
• Submit information to Water Watch office Email: [email protected]
Phone: 1-800-928-0045
Sample Site Location
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• You will receive materials from program coordinators or by mail
• Read instructions upon receipt! (Critical info on sample times and delivery included)
• Inspect all sample and preservative containers upon receipt for damage or breakage
You will receive for sampling:• Instructions• Transport information• Chain of Custody Records• Gloves (disposable)• Sample containers• Preservative (if required)
Pre-sampling Information
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Sample containers vary for the job at hand
Pre-sampling Information
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Watershed Watch Chain of Custody Record
The sampling containers are pre-marked with a unique Site Number
The Site Number should match the number on the “Chain of Custody Record”
Pre-sampling Information
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I received a bottle with a site number I don’t recognize!Check the documents in your packet, you may have been
randomly assigned to collect a blank or a duplicate
Pre-sampling information
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Blank - A sample bottle filled while at the stream site with distilled water• Serves as a check for
possible contamination during sample handling or processing at the lab
• DO NOT indicate that the sample is a blank – the lab should not know
Pre-sampling Information
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Duplicate - A sample bottle filled with stream water at your site at the same time as your regular sample• Serves as a check for
variability among samples that should yield approximately the same lab results
• DO NOT indicate that the sample is a duplicate – the lab should not know
Pre-sampling Information
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Proper attire for handling samples• Gloves (disposable)
• Eye protection
Pre-sampling Information
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Basic equipment needed
Collection Procedures
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Selecting your sample collection locationCollection Procedures
On your first visit to your site, select an area of the stream where the flow is concentratedand where you can completely submerge and fill the bottlewithout touching the bottom
NOTE: It is important that you collect your sample at the same location each time
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Concentrated Flow
Location
Collection Procedures
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SampleCollectionLocation
High Gradient
Collection Procedures
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SampleCollectionLocation
Low Gradient
Collection Procedures
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Grab SampleCollection
• Enter stream at a downstream location • Walk upstream to avoid disturbing bottom • Collect sample at the same location each time in the middle of your concentrated flow location and at mid-depth of stream
Collection Procedures
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Grab Sample CollectionCollection Procedures
0 = Dry1 = Ponded2 = Low3 = Normal4 = Bank Full5 = FLOOD!
Do not sampleduring these flow conditions
Flow Rate
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• Put on disposable gloves• DO NOT RINSE BOTTLE• Point mouth of bottle directly over surface of water, dip and scoop bottle upstream beneath water surface, and through water column in one swift motion to fill above line marked on bottle• If preservative is in bottle, take caution to angle mouth so as not to spill any while collecting sample• Cap container, leaving at least a small airspace at top to allow lab mixing• Place in wet ice immediately
For E. coli grab sample collection:
Collection Procedures
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• Put on disposable gloves• Rinse bottle with stream water three times
(fill bottle ¼ full of stream water, cap, shake, and discarddownstream)• Point mouth of bottle upstream (against the flow), submerge entire bottle to mid-depth of stream, scoop and fill• Rinse cap in stream and cap bottle• Add preservative (if necessary) and place in wet ice
Collection Procedures
For grab sample collection other than E. coli:
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What to do if you get a chemical on you
•For emergency first aid in the field, flush affected area with large amounts of water and seek medical attention immediately
•Follow the first aid procedures found on the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
EquipmentChemical Safety
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• Samples must be kept immersed in wet ice(but not frozen) until received by laboratory
• Some samples may require other preservatives(check your sample event packet)
Preservation
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Like containers, preservation methods vary(You don’t have to memorize these)
Preservation
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Preservation
Sample Holding Time:
• length of time a preserved sample can be stored after collection and before it is analyzed without significantly affecting the results• from the minute you collect a sample, the clock starts ticking on the holding time• varies for different types of analysis• established by the US Environmental Protection Agency
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E. coli = 6 hours maximum
Other than E. coli = Follow holding time instructionsreceived in your samplingevent packet
PreservationSample Holding Times
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• document and record the transfer of the samples from the stream to the laboratory
• function as a field measurement form
• provide a place for field observations
Recordkeeping
The Chain of Custody Record (COC) serves to:
Watershed Watch Chain of Custody Record
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Watershed Watch Chain of Custody Record
• Site #
• Location description
• Sample collector nameand contact info
Correct any preprinted information if necessary
Recordkeeping Chain of Custody Record
prepopulated information
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Watershed Watch Chain of Custody Record
• Date and Time of sample collection
• Field Observations and Measurements
• Date and time of sample Relinquished/Received
must be identical
Recordkeeping Volunteer entries on the Chain of Custody
Cross through any mistakes and initial – do not erase
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Transportation
1. Make delivery arrangements before the sampling event
2. Take your sample and COC to the designated drop-off location
3. Double-check your recordkeeping paperwork
4. Make sure to sign your COC
Sample Delivery
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Runner LAB
Sampler
Drop Off
Sampler
Sampler
Sampler Sampler 6 hrs(E. coli)
Collection7:00-10:00 AM
Runners9:00-1:00 PM
Transportation
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Results Professional labs analyze samples
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Results Bacteria Analysis (Older Method)
Colony Forming Units (CFU)
• Lab processes your stream sample and applies it to a special plate
• Plate is kept warm for a specified period of time
• Colonies of microscopic bacteria that have formed are counted
• Results are recorded in CFU
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ResultsE. coli Analysis (Newer Method)
Add Colilert to sample
and dissolve
Pour sample into
Quanti-Tray
Seal tray and keep warm for 24 hours
Count fluorescent wells and convert
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RESULTS
Results will be posted on the Kentucky Geological Survey
website after the basin data manager andKY Watershed Watch have
reviewed for errorshttp://kgs.uky.edu/kgsmap/krww/viewer.asp
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Interpretation E. coli
Enlarged photo of E. coli bacteria
• shortened form of Escherichia coli
• microscopic bacteria that live in the intestines of warm-blooded animals and are passed in fecal material
• used as an indicator of the possible presence of pathogens that may cause infection or illness
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Interpretation
Sources of E. coli in Streams
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Interpretation Surface Water Quality Standards
forE. coli
• Swimming Standard of 240 cfu/100 ml (single grab sample)
• Standards apply during Recreation Season from May 1 to October 31
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Interpretation Nutrients
• generally refers to forms of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)
• excess nutrients in streams can cause overgrowth of algae and plants, which disrupts healthy natural processes
• this can lead to large decreases in dissolved oxygen, a condition called eutrophication
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Interpretation Nutrients
Excess of nutrients (N & P)
Abundant growth of algae
Algae die
Decomposition of algae by bacteria consumes oxygen
Low dissolved oxygen levels can lead to fish kills
EUTROPHICATION
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Interpretation
Sources of Nutrients in Streams
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Interpretation Surface Water Quality Standards
forNutrients
• Kentucky does not have numeric surface water standards in regulation for all nutrients of concern (including
Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus)
• Surface water standards in Kentucky regulations include:
• Ammonia (un-ionized) 0.05 mg/l (parts per million)• Nitrate (NO3) 10 mg/l • Sulfate (SO4) 250 mg/l
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Interpretation Metals
• elemental substances that are good conductors of heat and electricity
• naturally occurring in rock and soil, and can be weathered and carried to streams when exposed
• can be harmful to humans or aquatic life
at low levels over a long time (chronic) or at higher levels for a short time (acute)
Heavy Metal
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Interpretation
Sources of Metals in Streams
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Interpretation Surface Water Quality Standards
for Metals• Aluminum• Antimony• Arsenic• Barium• Beryllium• Boron• Cadmium• Calcium• Chromium• Cobalt
• Copper• Gold• Iron• Lead• Lithium• Magnesium• Manganese• Nickel• Phosphorus• Potassium
• Selenium• Silicon• Silver• Sodium• Strontium• Sulfur• Thallium• Tin• Vanadium• Zinc
Underlined metals are ones for which Kentucky has numeric water quality standards, which can be found in 401 KAR 10:031 Section 6.
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Interpretation Metals
A fish consumption advisory is in effect statewide
• All Kentucky waters are under advisory for mercury. Women of childbearing age and children 6 years of age or younger should eat no more than one meal per week of freshwater fish. Adult men and other women are not included in the consumption notice.
• This is not an emergency as organic mercury can occur naturally in the environment and does not affect swimmers, skiers or boaters. Fish can accumulate these low levels of mercury by eating plankton and other small aquatic creatures.
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Interpretation Pesticides
• chemicals used to kill undesirable plants or insects
• improper timing of application and overuse can lead to runoff into streams
• can be harmful to humans or aquatic life
at low levels over a long time (chronic) or at higher levels for a short time (acute)
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Interpretation
Sources of Pesticides in Streams
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Interpretation Surface Water Quality Standards
forPesticides
• Kentucky does not have numeric water quality standards for all pesticides (including atrazine)
• Surface water standards in Kentucky regulations include:
• 2,4-D 0.1 mg/l (parts per million)
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PathogensE. coli
0
1 - 150
151 - 500
501 - 1000
1001 - 5000
(CFU)
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At the creek
Practicegrab sample
collection