standard for the design of high-performance green buildings · 3. standard for the design of...
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ASHRAE/USGBC/IES Standard 189.1
Mark M MacCracken, LEED®AP
CALMAC Mfg. [email protected]
Standard for the Design ofHigh-Performance Green Buildings
STANDARD FOR THE DESIGN OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE GREEN BUILDINGS2
What is Standard 189.1?
ANSI standard being developed in model code language
Provides minimum requirements for high-performance, green buildings
Applies to all buildings except low-rise residential buildings (same as ASHRAE/IESNA Std 90.1)
Not a design guide, not a rating system
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Standard Project Committee 189.1
Sponsor and co-sponsors ASHRAE
USGBC
IES
Project committee 37 total members
Diverse backgrounds
Consensus process
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Scope of Standard 189.1
Applies to … new buildings and their systems
new portions of buildings and their systems
new systems and equipment in existing buildings
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Goals for Standard 189.1
Establish mandatory criteria in all topic areas One “challenge” is existing green building rating systems contain few
mandatory provisions
Provide simple compliance options
Complement green building rating programs Standard is not intended to compete with green building rating programs
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Potential Users for 189.1
Organizations with Green Building Rating Systems Incorporated as the baseline (prerequisite)
Developers
Corporations
Universities
States/Municipalities Their own buildings
Building codes (zoning, mechanical, energy, plumbing)
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What Happens When Green Becomes Code?
Do Buildings Get Better?
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Development of Standard 189.12006
Preliminary meeting (Jun)
2007
1st public review (May-Jul)
2008
2nd public review (Feb)
Committee reconstituted (Nov)
2009
3rd public review (May-Jun)
4th public review of ISCs (Sep-Oct)
Publication approval (Dec)
2010
Target for Publication (Jan)
Transition to SSPC
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
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Standard 189.1 Chapter Structure
x.1: Scope
x.2: Compliance
x.3: Mandatory (required for all projects)
x.4: Prescriptive Option(simple option, very few calculations)
x.5: Performance Option(more options, but more effort)
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Compliance Paths
Mandatory + Prescriptive Path
Performance PathMandatory +
(Simple option, very few calculations)
(More options, but more effort)
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Standard 189.1 Topic Areas
SS
WE
EE
IEQ
MR
CO
Sustainable Sites
Water Use Efficiency
Energy Efficiency
Indoor Environmental Quality
Building’s Impact on the Atmosphere, Materials & Resources
Construction and Operations Plans
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Sustainable SitesMandatory Provisions
Site selection
Reduce heat island effect
Reduce light pollution
SS WE EE IEQ MR CO
solar reflectance index (SRI): a measure of a constructed surface’s ability to reflect solar heat, as shown by a small temperature rise. A standard black surface (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white surface (reflectance 0.80, emittance0.90) is 100.
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Sustainable SitesMandatory Provisions
Site Selection Allowable sites
• Existing building envelope• Brownfields, greyfields• Greenfield sites where 1/2 mile to:
- transit or 10 basic services, or residential area with density > 10 units/acre
Prohibited development activity• Flood plains, • 100 ft of wetlands, • 150 ft of fish and wildlife habitat
conservation area
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brownfield site: a site documented as contaminated by means of an ASTM E1903 Phase II Environmental Site Assessment or a site classified as a brownfield by a local, State, or Federal government agency.
fish and wildlife habitat conservation area: areas with which state or federally designated endangered, threatened, or sensitive species have a primary association.
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Sustainable SitesMandatory Provisions
Reduce Heat Island Effect Site hardscape
• 50% to be shaded (within 5 years of planting), or be SRI 29, or shaded by structures
Walls• to be shaded on at least 30% of east and
west walls up to 20 feet above grade within 5 years
Roofs• (climate zones 1-3): 75% to be SRI 78
(low-slope), 29 (steep-slope) or cool roof
solar reflectance index (SRI): a measure of a constructed surface’s ability to reflect solar heat, as shown by a small temperature rise. A standard black surface (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white surface (reflectance 0.80, emittance 0.90) is 100.
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Sustainable SitesMandatory Provisions
Reduction of Light Pollution Outdoor lighting lumen limits per parking
space, per ft2 of hardscape or per ft2 complete site (Standard 90.1 Addendum i)
Maximum allowable Backlight, Uplight and Glare (BUG) ratings for luminaires by lighting zone type
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Sustainable SitesPrescriptive Options
Site Development All sites:
• Minimum 40% of site area to be effective pervious surface (vegetation, green roof, porous pavers) – exceptions for areas with <10 inches annual average rainfall
Greenfield sites:• Minimum 20% of area to be native or
adapted plants
greenfield site: a site of which 20% or less has been previously developed with impervious surfaces.
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Sustainable SitesPerformance Option
Site Development Existing Building: minimum 20%
Greyfield Sites: minimum 40%
All Other Sites: minimum 50%
of the average annual rainfall on the development footprint shall be managed through infiltration, reuse, or evapotranspiration
greyfield site: a site of which more than 20% is already developed with impervious surfaces.
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Water Use EfficiencyMandatory Provisions
Site Water Use Bio-diverse plantings, hydrozoning, &
smart irrigation controllers
Building Water Use Plumbing fixtures & fittings, appliances,
HVAC systems & equipment, generally 40% lower than U.S. EPAct 1992
Disallow once through cooling with potable water
Recover condensate from steam systems & A/C units > 65,000 BTU/h capacity
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hydrozoning: to divide the landscape irrigation system into sections in order to regulate each zone’s water needs based on plant materials, soil and other factors.
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Water Use EfficiencyMandatory Provisions
Water Metering Measurement devices with remote communication capability
shall be provided to collect water consumption data
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Water Use EfficiencyMandatory Provisions
Water Metering
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Water Use EfficiencyPrescriptive Option
Site Water Use Max 1/3 of improved landscape can be irrigated with potable water
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Building Water Use Cooling towers
• <200 ppm hardness to have minimum 5 cycles of concentration• >200 ppm hardness to have minimum 3.5 cycles of concentration
Efficient commercial food service and laboratories
Special Water Features Fountain water must be from alternate source or reclaimed (no potable water)
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Water Use EfficiencyPerformance Option
Site Water Use proposed potable water for irrigation <
35% of baseline evapotranspiration
Building Water Use proposed water use < mandatory plus
prescriptive
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evapotranspiration (ET): the sum of evaporation and plant transpiration. Evaporation accounts for the movement of water to the air from sources such as the soil, canopy interception, and water bodies. Transpiration accounts for the movement of water within a plant and the subsequent loss of water as vapor through stomata in its leaves.
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Energy Efficiency Highlights
More stringent than Standard 90.1-2007
Includes plug/process loads
Electric peak load reduction
Renewable energy provisions
Energy measurement for verification
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Energy EfficiencyMandatory Provisions
Meet 90.1 Mandatory Requirements Sections 5.4, 6.4, 7.4, 8.4, 9.4 and 10.4
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on-site renewable energy system: photovoltaic, solar thermal, geothermal energy, and wind systems used to generate energy and located on the building project.
Provide for future on-site renewable energy systems Building projects design shall show allocated space
and pathways for installation of on-site renewable energy systems
Minimum rating of 3.7 W/ft2 or 13 Btu/h/ft2
multiplied by the total roof area
Exception for locations with poor incident solar radiation
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Energy EfficiencyMandatory Provisions
Energy Consumption Measurement Measurement devices with remote communication
capability shall be provided to collect energy consumption data
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Energy EfficiencyMandatory Provisions
Energy Consumption Measurement
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Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option
On-site renewable energy systems Annual energy production equivalent of 4
KBtu/ft2 of conditioned space
Exception for areas with incident solar radiation less than 1.36 kBtu/ft2-day and purchase of green power of at least 7 kWh/ft2
until cumulative purchase of 70 kWh/ft2
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Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option
CZ-5 Building Envelope (IP) Roof Insulation
• 90.1: R- 20 c.i., R- 38 attic• 189.1: R- 25 c.i., R- 49 attic
Walls• 90.1: Steel framed R-13 cavity + R-7.5
c.i., R-11.4 c.i. mass wall• 189.1: Steel framed R-13 cavity + R-10
c.i., R-13.3 c.i. mass wall
Continuous air barrier requirement
Rochester, NY Non-Residential Example SS WE EE IEQ MR CO
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Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option
CZ-5 Building Envelope (IP) Fenestration Assemblies
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90.1 189.1nonmetal frame U-0.35 U-0.25curtainwall U-0.45 U-0.35other metal U-0.55 U-0.45SHGC 0.40 0.35
Rochester, NY Non-Residential Example
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Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option
Building Envelope Vertical fenestration area < 40% of the gross wall area
W, S & E permanent projections for vertical fenestration
(climate zones 1-5)
Fenestration orientation (climate zones 5&6): 1/3*(AreaN*SHGCN + AreaS*SHGCS + AreaE*SHGCE) ≥ 1.1*AreaW*SHGCW
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Projection Factor PF ≥ 0.5
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Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option
Building Envelope Continuous air barrier requirement
• Using individual materials that have an air permeability ≤ 0.004 cfm/ft2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.
• Using assemblies of materials and components that have an average air leakage ≤ 0.04 cfm/ft2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.
• Testing the completed building and demonstrating that the air leakage rate of the building envelope ≤ 0.4 cfm/ft2 under a pressure differential of 0.3 in. W.C.
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continuous air barrier: the combination of interconnected materials, assemblies and flexible sealed joints and components of the building envelope that provide air-tightness to a specified permeability.
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Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option
Mechanical Minimum equipment efficiencies – either
• Baseline is EPAct efficiencies (Std 90.1) plus- 6 KBtu/ft2 renewable energy- 10% electrical peak load reduction
• Greater of Energy Star / Appendix C equipment efficiencies- 4 KBtu/ft2 renewable energy- 5% electrical peak load reduction
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Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option
Mechanical Demand control ventilation for densely
occupied spaces
Std 90.1 Seal Level A duct sealing
Economizer cycle for units ≥ 33,000 Btu/h
Fan power to be 10% less than Std 90.1
Exhaust air energy recovery
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densely occupied space: those spaces with a design occupant density greater than or equal to 25 people per 1000 ft2
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Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option
Lighting Interior lighting power to be 10% less the
90.1-2007 lighting power density
Occupancy sensor controls
Occupancy sensor controls with multi-level switching or dimming
Lighting for building security or emergency egress ≤ 0.1 W/ft2
Automatic controls for lighting in daylight zones
SS WE EE IEQ MR CO
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Energy EfficiencyPrescriptive Option
Other Equipment Motor efficiencies higher than Standard 90.1-
2007
Supermarket waste heat recovery system on permanently installed refrigeration equipment in supermarkets 25,000 ft2 or greater
Energy Star equipment and appliances if installed prior to issuance of certificate of occupancy
Commercial refrigerators, freezers and clothes washers to comply with Appendix C
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Energy EfficiencyPerformance Option
Annual Energy Cost Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive
Normative Appendix D – Performance option for energy efficiency
Annual Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2e) Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive
Peak Electric Demand Proposed ≤ mandatory plus prescriptive
Minimum annual load factor of 0.25
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Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)
Indoor air quality
Environmental tobacco smoke control
Outdoor air delivery monitoring
Thermal comfort
Building entrances
Acoustic control
Daylighting
Low emitting materialsSS WE EE IEQ MR CO
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Indoor Environmental QualityMandatory Provisions
Indoor Air Quality Ventilation rates per ASHRAE Standard
62.1
Outdoor air flow rate monitoring of minimum outside air
MERV 8 filter (MERV 13 in PM2.5 non-attainment areas)
Eliminate air bypass around filters
No smoking inside building
Building entrance entry mat system
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Indoor Environmental QualityMandatory Provisions
Thermal Environmental Conditions Comply with ASHRAE Standard 55 Section 6.1 Design and 6.2
Documentation
Acoustical Control Defined STC values for exterior and interior assemblies
Daylighting by Toplighting (Skylights) Targeted for large enclosed spaces in buildings ≤ three stories
Soil Gas Retarder System Brownfields or radon
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Indoor Environmental QualityPrescriptive Option
Daylighting by Sidelighting Office spaces and classrooms
Minimum effective apertures
Minimum interior surface visible light reflectances
Minimum shading projection factors
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Indoor Environmental QualityPrescriptive Option
Materials Emissions and VOC requirements
• Adhesives and sealants• Paints and coatings• Floor covering materials• Composite wood and agrifiber products• Office furniture systems and seating• Ceiling and wall systems
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Indoor Environmental QualityPerformance Option
Daylighting Physical or computer model, minimum illuminance target:
30 fc (300 lux) on work surfaces, noon equinox
It shall be demonstrated that direct sun does not strike anywhere on a worksurface in any daylit space for more than 20% of the occupied hours during an equinox day in regularly occupied office spaces
Materials VOC emissions model for building materials per
CA/DHS/EHLB/R-174 Section 4.3
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Building’s Impact on the AtmosphereHighlights
Construction waste management
Wood products
Refrigerants
Storage and collection of recyclables and discarded goods
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Construction and OperationHighlights
Acceptance Testing /Commissioning
IAQ Construction management plan
Plans for operation High-performance building operation
Maintenance
Service life
Transportation management
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Normative Appendices
Appendix A – Prescriptive Building Envelope Tables
Appendix B – Prescriptive Continuous Air Barrier
Appendix C – Prescriptive Equipment Efficiency Tables
Appendix D – Performance Option for Energy Efficiency
Appendix E – IAQ Limit Requirements for Office Furniture Systems and Seating
Appendix F – Building Concentrations
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Integrative Project Team
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What is Your Best Path Forward?
Begin to understand the impact of these new requirements on your business and technical expertise
Identify what requisite skills and knowledge you will need once this standard and green codes are implemented
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Further Information
Information on Standard 189.1: www.ashrae.org/greenstandard
ASHRAE Training on Standard 189.1 Orlando short course, seminars, member briefing
User Manual will be developed to assist in the understanding in how to apply the standard