standard farming installation rules for pig & poultry ppc...

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Scottish EnvironmentProtection Agency

Standard FarmingInstallation Rulesfor Pig and PoultryPPC Installations

Record of changesVersion Date Change

1 11 October 2000 Initial version

1.1 2 February 2001 Minor typographical errors corrected

Note:

These rules and associated guidance notes were issued for use by the Scottish Environment ProtectionAgency (SEPA) from 11 October 2000 with the entry into force of the Pollution Prevention and Control(Scotland) Regulations 2000. Minor typographical errors have been corrected in the version issued on 2February 2001.

Written comments or suggested improvements on or to this document should be sent to:

Rob Morris or Janice Milne

SEPA Head Office

Erskine Court

The Castle Business Park

STIRLING, FK9 4TR.

Tel: 01786 457700, Fax: 01786 446885


Standard Farming Installation Rules 2 Version 1.1 - February 2001

Contents

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................. 4

1 TRAINING................................................................................................................................................ 6

2 RAW MATERIALS AND WASTE HANDLING ........................................................................................ 7

2.1 INVENTORY OF RAW MATERIALS.............................................................................................................. 72.2 SELECTION AND USE OF ANIMAL FEED ..................................................................................................... 72.3 AVOIDING WATER WASTAGE ................................................................................................................... 72.4 WASTE MINIMISATION............................................................................................................................. 82.5 NON-NATURALLY OCCURRING WASTES.................................................................................................... 92.6 FEED DELIVERY, MILLING AND PREPARATION ......................................................................................... 102.7 STORAGE OF AGRICULTURAL FUEL OIL AND OTHER MATERIALS ............................................................... 102.8 ANIMAL CARCASSES........................................................................................................................... 11

3 MANURE MANAGEMENT PLANNING................................................................................................. 13

4 SPREADING OF SOLID MANURE (FYM AND POULTRY LITTER) AND SLURRY........................... 15

4.1 SPREADING TO MINIMISE EMISSIONS TO AIR........................................................................................... 154.2 SPREADING TO MINIMISE POLLUTION OF WATER..................................................................................... 154.3 MINIMISING POLLUTION FROM, AND ACCUMULATION OF, SOIL NUTRIENTS ................................................ 164.4 CONTROL OF SOLID MANURE AND SLURRY SPREADING OPERATIONS ....................................................... 18

5 PIG PRODUCTION................................................................................................................................ 19

5.1 MINIMISING POLLUTION FROM PIG HOUSING ........................................................................................... 195.1.1 Minimising emissions from new housing – slatted systems.............................................. 195.1.2 Minimising emissions from new housing – solid floor systems ........................................ 205.1.3 Minimising emissions from existing pig housing................................................................ 215.1.4 Rules relating to all housing .................................................................................................. 22

5.2 SLURRY AND MANURE STORAGE ........................................................................................................... 225.2.1 Slurry storage .......................................................................................................................... 235.2.2 The Control of Pollution (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil)(Scotland) Regulations 1991.. 245.2.3 Solid manure storage ............................................................................................................. 245.2.4 Slurry treatment ...................................................................................................................... 25

6 POULTRY PRODUCTION AND EGG LAYING .................................................................................... 26

6.1 MINIMISING POLLUTION FROM POULTRY HOUSING ................................................................................. 266.1.1 Minimising emissions from laying hen housing .................................................................. 266.1.2 Minimising emissions from broiler and turkey housing ..................................................... 276.1.3 Minimising emissions from duck housing ........................................................................... 286.1.4 Minimising emissions from pullet rearing ............................................................................ 286.1.5 Rules relating to all housing .................................................................................................. 29

6.2 MINIMISING POLLUTION FROM LITTER AND MANURE STORAGE................................................................. 30

7 ENERGY USE........................................................................................................................................ 31

8 ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT ................................................................................ 31

8.1 MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS....................................................................................................................... 31

9 MEASURES FOR CONTROLLING NOISE AND VIBRATION ............................................................. 32

10 MEASURES FOR CONTROLLING ODOUR ........................................................................................ 32

11 DECOMMISSIONING ............................................................................................................................ 32



12 MONITORING AND REPORTING......................................................................................................... 33

12.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS................................................................................................................ 3312.2 ON-SITE USE AND DISPOSAL............................................................................................................. 3312.3 OFF SITE USE AND DISPOSAL........................................................................................................... 34

13 NOTIFICATION...................................................................................................................................... 34

REFERENCES AND USEFUL PUBLICATIONS ........................................................................................... 35

APPENDIX 1 - RAW MATERIALS PRO-FORMA.......................................................................................... 37

APPENDIX 2 - WATER AUDIT ...................................................................................................................... 38

APPENDIX 3 - MANURE MANAGEMENT PLANNING FOR IPPC INSTALLATIONS (DRAFT) ................. 44

APPENDIX 4 - EMERGENCY PLANNING FOR IPPC FARM INSTALLATIONS ......................................... 55

APPENDIX 5 - RULES UNDER DEVELOPMENT......................................................................................... 64

1 SELECTION AND USE OF ANIMAL FEEDS ................................................................................................. 642 DISPOSAL OF CARCASSES BY INCINERATION.......................................................................................... 643 PHOSPHORUS...................................................................................................................................... 644 MINIMISING EMISSIONS FROM PULLET HOUSING ..................................................................................... 655 MINIMISING EMISSIONS FROM DUCK HOUSING ........................................................................................ 65



Introduction

General Binding Rules (GBRs) provide the potential for pig and poultry producersrequiring a permit under the Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations2000 (“the regulations”) to be permitted in a more streamlined and simplified manner thanwould otherwise be the case for site specific permit.

The power to make GBRs is provided in the regulations. Regulation 10 allows GBRs tofulfil the specific permitting requirements of the Regulations provided that the rules resultin the same high level of environmental protection and an integrated approach as thatachieved by site-specific permits.

GBRs are made by Scottish Ministers. Pending this, the Scottish Environment ProtectionAgency (SEPA) intends that the Standard Farming Installation Rules set out in thisdocument will support a simplified permitting regime that can be operated in a similar wayto GBRs.

Structure of the rules

The Standard Farming Installation Rules are the boxed text in this document and aresupported by explanatory notes. The rules constitute the conditions which will beincluded in a ‘Standard Farming Permit’ (together with other site-specific conditions asdescribed below).

Scope of the rules

The rules cover most aspects of site operation. The exceptions are:

1) where site specific conditions will be required, for example for: a) noise; b) odour; c) any discharge to a watercourse or groundwater of anything other

than clean uncontaminated water.

The exclusion of these parameters from the rules will enable the maximum numberof installations to qualify for the Standard Farming Installation Rule procedure.

2) where rules are still under development:a) selection and use of animal feeds;b) animal carcass incineration;c) phosphorus management;d) housing of pullets;e) housing of ducks.

3) Any conditions applied as the result of audits and reports required by the rules.



The site specific permit conditions relating to 1), 2) and 3) above will not prevent theapplicant from taking advantage of the lower charge for Standard Farming Installations.

Applying for a Standard Farming Installation Permit

SEPA has developed a separate application form for farmers. This application formencompasses all of the application requirements of the Regulations. This will helpfarming applicants to ensure that they have supplied all of the information required in theirapplication.

Rules for new and existing structures

Where reference is made to different rules for ‘new’ and ‘existing’, these refer tostructures, not installations. An existing installation wishing, for example to erect a newpig building, must adhere to the rules for new buildings for the new structure.

Development of the rules

The rules have been devised jointly by SEPA and the Environment Agency for Englandand Wales with the involvement of;

Scottish Executive Rural Affairs Department (SERAD);National Farmers Union of Scotland (NFUS);Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food (MAFF);Farming and Rural Conservation Agency (FRCA);National Farmers Union (NFU);National Pig Association (NPA);British Poultry Meat Federation (BPMF);British Egg Industry Council (BEIC);UK Egg Producers Association (UKEPA);UK Free Range Egg Producers Association (UKFREPA);Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC);Health and Safety Executive (HSE).

Other bodies such as Assured British Meats (ABM), Scottish Agricultural College (SAC),ADAS (former Agricultural Development and Advisory Service), Cranfield University andSilsoe Research Institute have also provided technical input.



1 Training

Notes:a) This requirement may be met by staff by completing the Livestock GNVQ level III

(modifications to this qualification to meet the requirements of PPC is underdiscussion with NPA and the National Training Organisation, LANTRA).

b) There may be in-house or assurance scheme training courses which meet some orall of the requirements.

c) Some modification of the training rules may be required in Scotland (NFUS isinvestigating SVQs).

d) A definition of ‘staff’ will be given in the permit.

1.1 All staff shall receive training, which shall cover:

1.1.1 Prevention of accidental releases and action to be taken should such anaccident occur.

1.1.2 Awareness of the Emergency Plan such that they are fully conversant withthose areas relevant to their duties.

1.2 Appropriate staff shall receive training which shall cover:

1.2.1 Awareness of the conditions of the Permit for the farm, its implications, andhow compliance can be secured by the work activities of the individual; and,

1.2.2 Awareness of the potential environmental effects of the farm under routineand abnormal circumstances

1.3 There shall be training records for staff involved in operating the installationwhich shall be maintained and made available to SEPA on request.



2 Raw materials and waste handling

2.1 Inventory of raw materials

2.1.1 An inventory shall be maintained detailing the quantities and relevantenvironmental characteristics of raw materials used.

2.1.2 These records shall be maintained in a format equivalent to the pro-forma inAppendix 1 and shall be made available to SEPA on request.

Notes:a) The inventory shall be maintained in a format approved by SEPA (example in

Appendix 1refers).b) The inventory shall include biocides (i.e. disinfectants, wood preservatives,

slimicides), pesticides (including herbicides, fungicides, insecticides, vertebratecontrol products, biological pesticides), veterinary medicines, agricultural fuel oilsand lubricants, and bedding materials used.

c) Disinfectants, pesticides and veterinary medicines listed in either MAFF/HSEReference Book 500, National Office for Animal Health (NOAH) compendium, orMAFF's approved list of disinfectants, are not required to be listed individually, buta reference shall be made to the category of materials used, whether they are froman approved list, the total quantities used each year and the total quantity storedon site (Appendix 1 refers).

d) Products not appearing on approved lists shall be individually listed, and safetydata sheets, including information on potential environmental harm, supplied.

e) Volumes of veterinary medicines held on site for general purposes shall be listed.Details of veterinary medicines used to control disease outbreaks shall berecorded on NOAH record sheets or equivalent, and held on site.

f) A description of types of bedding used should be given. Quantities stored are notrequired.

g) Feedstuffs are covered in section 2.2 below.

2.2 Selection and use of animal feed

No rule for the purposes of compliance. Rules under development are shown inAppendix 5.

2.3 Avoiding water wastage

2.3.1An audit of water use shall be carried out and supplied to SEPA in a format andwith content equivalent to that at Appendix 2. The audit shall be completed within18 months of the effective date of the permit and made available to SEPA onrequest thereafter.



Notes:An example pro-forma is given in Appendix 2, with benchmark figures for waterconsumption which may be helpful.a) Other audits are under development which may meet the requirements.b) Where the audit indicates opportunities to reduce wastage, the following

measures should be considered:• a plan identifying all water supply and distribution pipework for water at the

installation;• insulating exposed water pipes above ground, or installing suitable systems to

reduce the risk of freezing pipes;• installing stop taps and drain valves in the farm water distribution system;

• draining and closing off all lengths of pipe which are not in use;

• installing covers on water tanks;

• fitting all hoses, hand lances and washing equipment with trigger controls;

• identifying the position of the water meter;

• reading and recording the water meter readings monthly (as a minimum) tomonitor consumption and identify leaks;

• using a scraper (or squeegee) for dirty areas before performing washing downoperations.

2.4 Waste minimisation

Notes:a) A waste minimisation audit equivalent to the MAFF guide ‘Opportunities for Saving

Money by Reducing Waste on Your Farm’ will meet the requirements of this rule.b) The sections which should be completed include:

• veterinary products;• carcasses;• feed waste;• fuel oil and lubricants;• scrap metals;• tyres;• packaging.Other relevant issues in the MAFF guide are covered by other rules.

2.4.1A waste minimisation audit shall be undertaken within 18 months of the effectivedate of the permit and made available to SEPA on request thereafter.

2.3.2Responsibility shall be allocated to a member of staff for monitoring andmanagement of water usage.



c) SEPA may identify the need for further improvements, based on the content of theaudit.

Notes:a) Structures to be inspected should include feed stores, manure, slurry and dirty

water containment as well as those for storing, pesticides, veterinary medicines,waste products and agricultural fuel oil.

b) Inspections should include signs of leakage, corrosion and structural damage,security and good management.

c) Periodic inspection and maintenance should be in accordance with manufacturersrecommendations where available.

d) Periodic inspections should include visual appraisal of the structure or facility.e) Opportunities should be taken to inspect structures when they are empty or

partially empty. In addition, maintenance records of plant such as spreadingequipment and ventilation systems should be kept to demonstrate that theequipment performs to standard and does not cause unnecessary increases inemissions.

Safety note: Enclosed structures or tanks may contain lethal or explosive gases. Do notgo into them. If in any doubt advice from the HSE should be sought.

2.5 Non-naturally occurring wastes

Changes are proposed to the definition of controlled waste in UK legislation. If thedefinition includes wastes arising from agricultural installations, the permitted installationmust comply with the relevant legislation.

The IPPC Directive requires all installations to be restored once the permit is no longerrequired. The presence of any waste residues on the site at that time may prejudice theacceptance of the site as finally restored.

Where appropriate, SEPA may impose site-specific conditions.

2.4.2Periodic inspections of structures and plant shall be carried out.

2.4.3All structures and plant shall be maintained in good operating condition.

2.4.4All structures and plant shall be inspected at least annually.

2.4.5Records shall be kept of the inspection and maintenance of structures and plant.



2.6 Feed delivery, milling and preparation

Notes:a) Measures may include extraction and abatement of dust from feed preparation areas.

Notes:Feedstuffs are highly polluting if allowed to enter watercourses:

a) Any feedstuff which might flow under the influence of gravity should be contained.b) Vulnerable locations, such as areas with high levels of motorised traffic, should be

identified in the Emergency Plan (see Section 8.1)c) Containment may consist of a bunded area, or the store may be sited in an area

isolated from the surface water drainage system.

2.7 Storage of agricultural fuel oil and other materials

2.6.1Dusty or potentially dusty materials shall be stored in covered containers, purpose-built silos or under cover.

2.6.3The mixing and milling of dry feedstuffs shall be carried out so as to prevent orminimise dust emissions to air.

2.6.4Containment shall be provided for feedstuffs to prevent spillages and minimisewaste.2.6.5Storage vessels for feedstuffs shall be protected from collision damage.

2.7.1All agricultural fuel oil storage facilities with a capacity of over 1250 litres shall meetthe requirements of Schedule 3 to The Control of Pollution (Silage Slurry andAgricultural Fuel Oil) (Scotland) Regulations 1991.

2.6.2Transfers of feedstuffs to and from storage areas shall be carried out so as toprevent or minimise dust emissions to air.



Notes:a) This measure extends the requirements for agricultural fuel oil storage facilities to

all PPC farms. Previously these requirements applied only to newly constructedfacilities or those substantially enlarged or reconstructed after 1st September 1991.The measure has been adopted due to the high risk of losses occurring fromunbunded storage facilities, through spillage, leakage or physical damage.

b) The measure should be adopted by existing installations by 2007.c) These rules do not apply to domestic fuel oil (e.g. used at the farm house or

domestic properties).

Notes:a) Pesticides are often highly toxic to aquatic life and may cause watercourses to fail

Environmental Quality Standards (EQSs).b) Further information is given in the MAFF/HSE “Green Code” (see references)c) Guidance on storage is given in “HSE Agricultural Information Sheet No. 16 –

Guidance on Storing Pesticides for Farmers and other Professional Users”

2.8 Animal carcasses

Notes:a) The Local Authority will need to be consulted about compliance with the Animal By

Products Order 1999.b) The plan will have been submitted as part of the application, and must be agreed

with SEPA in order for it to be incorporated by way of this standard condition.c) Animal carcasses may be disposed of off-site to a licensed knackerman, rendering

plant, hunt kennel, maggot farm or authorised incinerator. They should beremoved frequently to prevent odour nuisance and be stored in plastic bags or alidded bin.

d) The guidance on production of an Emergency Plan is given in Appendix 4.

2.7.3Pesticides shall be kept in a store that is resistant to fire, capable of retainingleakage or spillage, dry, frost-free and secure against unauthorised access.

2.8.1Carcasses shall not be buried on the farm other than in accordance with the agreedand dated Emergency Plan.

2.7.4Veterinary medicines shall be kept in a store that is capable of retaining leakage orspillage, dry, and secure against unauthorised access.

2.7.2Agricultural fuel oil in quantities less than 1250 litres, other oils and chemicals shallbe kept in a store capable of retaining leakage or spillage or on an impermeablebase with a bund.



2.8.2Extraordinary mortalities shall be disposed of in accordance with the plan or, in thecase of an outbreak of a Notifiable Disease, in accordance with instructions fromthe State Veterinary Service.



3 Manure management planning

Slurries and solid manures from intensive livestock are potentially valuable sources ofplant nutrients, but may also be the cause of pollution. It is important to demonstrate thatthe best use is being made of such slurries and manures on the farm, and that pollutionrisks are being minimised. This means that the nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus andpotassium (N, P, K) in the manures should be fully accounted for in terms of soil nutrientstatus, crop uptake and nutrient requirements

Where slurry or manure is applied to land in Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZs), themandatory rules of the action programme will apply.

For the purposes of this guidance, slurry and manure are treated separately.

Notes:a) A Manure Management Plan will have been submitted as part of the permit

application and must be agreed with SEPA in order for it to be incorporated by wayof this standard condition.

b) The plan should demonstrate that adequate provision has been made for thecollection, storage and use of all the slurry, manure and poultry litter arising fromthe farm, whether the material is used on farm, or by a third party.

c) Where the farm is to be used for the spreading of slurry, manure or poultry litter, arisk-based approach, detailing which land is suitable for spreading and when, willbe required. The plan should also contain any manures brought onto the farm,including sewage sludge and other non-agricultural wastes.

d) Guidance on the content and design of manure management plans is provided atAppendix 3.

Notes:a) Slurry, manure or poultry litter should be analysed twice yearly and this analysis

should include nitrogen and phosphorus.

3.1The agreed and dated Manure Management Plan shall be implemented.

3.2Records shall be kept to demonstrate that the plan is implemented.

3.3The operator shall review the plan at least once every calendar year.

3.4The operator shall notify SEPA of any amendments or additions to the plan deemednecessary after any such review. SEPA’s agreement in writing must be obtainedbefore any such amendment or addition is made and implemented.

3.5The nutrient status of the soil and of manures shall be reviewed and analysed at afrequency specified in writing by SEPA.



b) Soil should be analysed every four years and this analysis should includephosphorus as a minimum.

c) It may be beneficial for the analysis also to include potassium, sulphur and soil pH.d) Advice is available in the Prevention of Environmental Pollution From Agricultural

Activity (PEPFAA) Code, in the SERAD document, Manure Planning in NitrateVulnerable Zones (NVZs), in the three booklets available from MAFF on ‘Managinglivestock manures’, in ‘Fertiliser Recommendations for Agricultural andHorticultural Crops – RB209 MAFF (or equivalent SAC guide) and from your cropconsultant or agronomist.

e) The requirements for soil and manure analysis may change in light of theinformation gathered.



4 Spreading of solid manure (FYM and poultry litter) andslurry

Spreading of manure and slurry can result in ammonia emissions to air, run-off to surfacewater or leaching to groundwater of nutrients and other organic pollutants. The measuresbelow have been designed to prevent or minimise these emissions, and maximise thebenefit of the manure and slurry spread.

Where a low level of available N can be demonstrated by analysis, duck manure may betreated as farmyard manure rather than poultry manure.

4.1 Spreading to minimise emissions to air

Notes:a) Incorporation is typically achieved by ploughing, discing or using a rotary cultivator.b) Where applications are not to be incorporated to prevent soil erosion, the Agency

should be provided with details of the susceptibility of soils to such erosion.c) Applications of solid manure do not need to be incorporated if applied to grassland

or other established crops.

Notes:a) The rule for irrigation equipment will apply to new and substantially changed

installations. There may be a need for an additional rule for existing installationsbefore the 2007 phase-in date.

4.2 Spreading to minimise pollution of water

4.1.1 Solid manure

Applications of solid manure to uncropped land or bare soil shall be incorporatedwithin 24 hours, unless such applications are used to control wind erosion onsusceptible soils with prior agreement in writing from SEPA.

4.1.2 Slurry

Slurry shall be applied to land using only the following methods:• an injector or band-spreader; and/or• any type of equipment with splash plates, provided slurry is incorporated into

the soil within 6 hours of application and provided such equipment is operatedto avoid slurry atomisation and drift (i.e. operated at low pressure to create largedroplets); and/or

• irrigation equipment, provided slurry is applied to a growing arable crop andsuch equipment provides a low spreading trajectory (operated at low pressureto create large droplets).

4.2.1Applications of solid slurry and manure shall be made only in accordance with theManure Management Plan.



Notes:a) Areas not suitable for spreading should be identified in the Manure Management

Plan. Restricting application rates and consequently the loading rate of total solidsreduces the risk of run-off and the possibility of carrying organic matter, nitrate,phosphorus and ammonium N into watercourses.

b) Applications of organic manures should be made to maximise the availability ofnutrient for the crop and minimise the risk of run-off to watercourses and pollutionof groundwater.

Notes:a) Guidance on slope from ‘Controlling soil erosion’ (MAFF 1999)’ is that

• Steep slope = >7 degrees• Moderate slope = 3-7 degrees• Gentle slope = 2-3 degrees• Level ground = <2 degrees

b) Slopes are complex features of the landscape. Run-off can occur from land that isalmost flat. Care should always be taken when spreading, regardless of the nature ofthe slope.

4.3 Minimising pollution from, and accumulation of, soil nutrients

Applications of organic manures should be made to maximise the availability of nutrientfor the crop and minimise the risk of run-off to watercourses and pollution of groundwater.

Nitrogen

4.2.2Organic manures shall not be applied to land when the soil is:

waterlogged; or

flooded; or

frozen hard; or

snow covered; or

cracked down to field drains or back-fill.

4.3.1 For each field, application rates shall not exceed 250 kilograms/hectare(kg/ha) of total nitrogen (N) in any 12 month period. The 250kg/ha limit applies to allorganic manures and slurries applied to land including sewage sludges and otherorganic wastes but excludes the use of inorganic fertilisers.

4.2.3Organic manures shall not be applied to steeply sloping fields.

4.2.4Organic manures shall not be applied within 10 metres of any watercourse, or 50metres of any spring, well or borehole supplying water for human consumption or isto be used in farm dairies.



Notes:

a) The N content of your manures will be available from the analysis required as partof the permit application.

b) The 12 month period is equivalent to the wording in the Action Programme forNVZs.

c) Enforcement of this condition will take into account local weather, cropping and soilconditions.

Phosphorus

High levels of phosphorus (P) can accumulate in soils receiving regular large applicationsof organic manure. This can increase P loss to water.

Phosphorus from livestock manures can reach surface waters by various routes. Themain losses are:

• Surface run-off, particularly of recently spread manures

• Erosion of soil particles with a high phosphorus content

• Particulate and dissolved phosphorus in water flowing to land drains

The risk of phosphorus losses by surface water run-off can be minimised by following theManure Management Plan. The risk of soil erosion can be minimised by following advicein the PEPFAA Code or in the MAFF information pack ‘Controlling soil erosion’.

The amount of phosphorus lost will depend on the soil phosphorus level. The higher thesoil phosphorus level, the higher the loss. There is a risk that fields which receive regularapplications of livestock manures may accumulate soil phosphorus levels which exceedthose necessary for crop production.

Rules for phosphorus management are still under development. A separate rule may berequired for Scotland because of the different basis for soil phosphorus analysis.



4.4 Control of solid manure and slurry spreading operations

On-farm activityThe controls on land spreading detailed in Section 4 of this document will apply whereverthe permit holder has control over the spreading operation. This would apply to either:• the farmer or employees spreading on the farm, or

• a contractor spreading on the farm.

Notes:a) As a minimum the names and addresses of recipients and the acreage available

for spreading should be provided as written evidence.b) This would apply to;• a contractor appointed by the farmer spreading on a third party site;

• a third party removing and/or spreading slurries and manures; and,

• the farmer spreading on a third party site.

Notes:a) The information requested could be provided as part of the Emergency Plan.

4.4.1 Off-farm activityWhere the farmer uses land off the farm for spreading solid manures or slurry,written evidence of these arrangements shall be provided to SEPA which shalldemonstrate that sufficient land is available to receive the quantity of solid manureor slurry exported prior to spreading taking place.

4.4.2Documented contingency arrangements in the event of an emergency or the landbecoming unavailable shall be drawn up and made available to SEPA on request.



5 Pig production

5.1 Minimising pollution from pig housing

Recent research suggests that over 6% of the UK agricultural emissions of ammoniaarise from pig housing. Techniques to abate emissions will depend on the type ofhousing and slurry or manure collection systems in use. For slurry-based systems thetechniques mostly aim to reduce the emitting surface of the slurry, and to reduce the areaof flooring which is damp, or where dung and urine can mix above slats. For manure-based systems, generous use of straw will bind nitrogen and prevent ammonia escaping.

It is anticipated that rules for housing will be modified and reinforced substantially to takeaccount of the development of Best Available Techniques (BAT).

Rules relating to new housing will apply to all new housing, on both new and existinginstallations.

5.1.1 Minimising emissions from new housing – slatted systems

Notes:a) This rule may be subject to modification as new evidence becomes available.b) Slat design and slurry channels;

i) Slat design should facilitate maximum transfer of dung and urine to thetransfer channels (see ii) below).

ii) Channels should be designed to transfer slurry to storage facilities (and notto store slurry).

iii) the area under the slats should be cleared of slurry at least every 3 days.iv) Self-cleaning metal or plastic coated slats should be used in dunging areas

and for slatted weaner accommodation.c) Slatted sow housing should be designed to provide a slurry channel at the rear of

the animal, away from the feeding area. A smaller slatted area under the watertray or trough should be added to catch feed and water spills and manure from thepiglets.

d) Where partly slatted systems are used for growing and finishing pigs, the solidfloor area should be slightly sloping or contain drainage holes for urine. Additionalslatted areas at the ‘front’ of pens, adjacent to access passages, should beprovided to the main slatted area. These smaller slatted areas should be installedover a small transfer channel which is partially filled with water and used to collect

5.1.1.1Emissions from new pig housing shall be less than those from a fully slattedsystem (pen floors of concrete slats over full width slurry cellars beneath). Inaddition, at least one of the following shall be met:• there shall be a reduction in the exposed surface area of slurry beneath the

slats; or,• there shall be a reduced surface area of slatted floor



feed spillages, as well as providing pigs with access to a secondary slatted area.This material should then be conveyed to separate storage facilities.

e) Dunging behaviour;i) Under floor heating should be considered to encourage younger pigs to

learn good dunging behaviour.ii) Floor space allowances should be calculated to match the pigs

requirements, as any surplus or shortage of solid lying area can lead to poordunging behaviour.

iii) High standards of management and effective control of environmentalconditions will help to keep lying areas clean.

iv) Water spray or dripper systems can be used over the slats to cool the pigsin hot weather and encourage good dunging behaviour. These will need tobe maintained to prevent leakage or loss of water.

f) Space must match the minimum standards laid down in the Welfare of LivestockRegulations 1994.

5.1.2 Minimising emissions from new housing – solid floor systems

Notes:a) This rule may be subject to modification as new evidence becomes available.b) Solid floor systems should have clearly differentiated dunging and lying areas.

This is to ensure that the lying areas are kept clean and dry at all times.c) Dunging areas should be cleaned out by scraping at least three times a week.d) Both dung passages and bedded areas should be sloped to drain urine and

prevent ponding.e) Bedded areas should have sufficient straw or other bedding material to keep the

lying area clean and dry, and to bind nitrogen to reduce ammonia emissions.f) Space allocation should be calculated carefully to match the requirements of the

animal. Either a surplus or shortage of space can result in dunging in the lyingarea.

g) Space must match the minimum standards laid down in the Welfare of LivestockRegulations 1994.

h) Weaner accommodation in ‘umbrella buildings’ should be provided with sufficientventilation to keep slurry or manure temperatures low.

5.1.2.1New pig housing shall be designed and operated such that;5.1.2.1.1 Sufficient straw or other bedding material is used to provide a clean

dry bed;5.1.2.1.2 Drinkers and troughs prevent leakage;5.1.2.1.3 Scraped areas prevent ponding or build up of urine.



5.1.3 Minimising emissions from existing pig housing

Notes:a) This rule may be subject to modification as new evidence becomes available.b) The review should address the following questions:

i) Slatted systems

• How can the exposed area of slurry beneath the slats be reduced?• How can the area of slatted floor be reduced?• How can the area of slatted floor which is damp or where dung and urine can mix be

reduced?• Is it possible to retro-fit self cleaning metal or plastic coated slats? If so, how?• Is it possible to remove slurry from the building more often (ideally every 3 days)?• Is there a dry lying area?• Can good dunging behaviour be encouraged and/or poor behaviour corrected? If so,

how?(Sprays and drippers in the dunging area can help)

• Is the stocking density of the housing correct?

ii) Solid floor systems

• Is there sufficient use of straw (or other bedding material) to provide a clean, dry bedand bind nitrogen?

• Is it possible to improve drinker and trough arrangements?• If ponding or build-up of urine occurs, can this be rectified?• Is there a dry lying area?• Are cleaned and scraped areas cleaned often enough? (3 times a week is ideal)• How could self cleaning metal or plastic-coated slats be fitted?• Is it possible to remove slurry from the building more often (ideally every 3 days)?• Is the stocking density of the housing correct?

5.1.3.1A review of existing pig housing and management practices at the installation shallbe carried out. The review shall identify measures to reduce emissions, the likelycost of such measures and a proposed timetable for their implementation; and shallbe submitted to SEPA within 12 months of the issue of the permit.

5.1.3.2The review in rule 5.1.3.1 above shall be implemented subject to such amendmentsor additions as notified by SEPA in writing.



5.1.4 Rules relating to all housing

Notes:a) Under no circumstances should slurry (including the seepage from manure) be

permitted to enter surface-water drains or drain into the ground.b) Every opportunity should be taken to separate clean roof and yard drainage from

the foul or contaminated drainage system to minimise the amount of dirty waterand slurry produced.

5.2 Slurry and manure storage

Rules relating to new slurry stores and lagoons will apply to all new stores and lagoons,on both new and existing installations.

5.1.4.1Areas around buildings shall be kept free of any build up of slurry and manure.

5.1.4.4

Drainage from dirty yard areas shall be isolated from the clean surface waterdrainage system and collected and suitably stored, either in a slurry store, or in aseparate tank until application to land in accordance with the Manure ManagementPlan or export from the farm can take place.

5.1.4.5Any water used for cleaning within housing shall be collected and stored, either in aslurry store, or in a separate tank until application to land in accordance with theManure Management Plan or export from the farm can take place.

5.1.4.6Disinfectant footbaths shall not overflow. The effluent contained in footbaths shall beapplied to land with slurry or manure.

5.1.4.2On removal from housing, slurry and manure shall be applied directly to land, whenfield conditions are appropriate, or stored safely in appropriate structures untilspreading or export from the farm can take place.

5.1.4.3The farm shall be managed so as to prevent contamination of clean surface waterdrainage systems.

5.1.4.7Subject to the rules at 5.1.3, the extent, design, management and operation of thehousing on the installation shall be in accordance with the application.



5.2.1 Slurry storage

Notes:a) Exposed surface areas of slurry in stores should be covered to minimise emissions

of odour and ammonia. The options are to fit a rigid cover to a steel or concretetank, or to use a floating cover of light expanded clay aggregate. Other covers,such as straw or peat will sink and do not reduce emissions effectively.

Notes:a) Floating covers will only work effectively if disturbance to the surface is minimised.

It is recognised that slurry mixing may be necessary to produce a suitable materialfor land application, but generally the preceding measure will reduce emissions ofammonia and odour

5.2.1.1All new slurry storage facilities shall be covered.

5.2.1.3New earth banked lagoons shall not be constructed unless an effective coveringmethod can be demonstrated.

5.2.1.4Unless the store has a fixed cover, designed to minimise emissions to air, allreasonable steps shall be taken to:• minimise the frequency of stirring slurry; and• introduce the slurry below the surface.

5.2.1.2Proposals for covering or plans to replace existing slurry stores shall be submitted toSEPA within 6 months of the date of the permit.



5.2.2 The Control of Pollution (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil) (Scotland)Regulations 1991

Note that all new, substantially reconstructed or substantially enlarged installations for thestorage of slurry must conform with The Control of Pollution (Silage, Slurry andAgricultural Fuel Oil) (Scotland) Regulations 1991.Notes:a) Typical slurry storage facilities must have the following features:

i) Base of the storage tank, effluent tank, and all parts of the drains andreception pit to be impermeable.

ii) Base and walls of storage tank, reception pit and drains should be protectedagainst corrosion as described in BS 5502, Part 50.

iii) Slurry storage tank and reception pit designed to BS 5502, Part 50.iv) Reception pit and associated channels normally to hold at least two days

slurry production.v) Minimum slurry storage tank capacity to be normally six months production,

including allowance for rainwater. Any above ground slurry storage tankmust be designed to have a minimum 300mm freeboard.

vi) No part of a structure should be within 10m of a watercourse.vii) Tank, channels and pit to be designed for 20 years’ life with routine

maintenance.viii) Two valves in series on any drainage pipe to be locked shut when not in

use ensuring adequate spacing between the valves (a British Standard isexpected to be produced in the near future on such systems).

ix) Where walls of the slurry store are not impermeable (i.e. a weeping walllagoon), perimeter drains and effluent tank must be provided. The basemust extend beyond the walls.

x) Minimum 750mm freeboard to be maintained at all times in earth bankedlagoons.

5.2.3 Solid manure storageStores with constructed bases must include provision for collecting and containing liquidrun-off in accordance with The Control of Pollution (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural FuelOil) (Scotland) Regulations 1991. The PEPFAA Code Section 3 provides guidance onthe construction of slurry stores.

Notes:a) Field stores of solid manure should not be used as a substitute for a store with a

constructed base and effluent collection tank.b) SEPA may require field heaps of solid manure to be re-sited if there is a risk of

pollution identified.

5.2.3.1Field heaps of solid manure shall not be sited over field drains, within 10 metres of awatercourse, or 50 metres of a spring, well or borehole that supplies water for humanconsumption, or is to be used in farm dairies.



5.2.4 Slurry treatment

There are various options for slurry treatment, including screening, separation,composting, aeration and anaerobic digestion. Section 9 of the PEPFAA Code providesfurther guidance and information. These techniques may be of use in specific locations,where particular problems occur (for example, odour nuisance). However none haveclear benefits which would be suitable for every farm. Treatment may be more practicalwhere several local units are available to provide the necessary throughput. A BATdetermination will be needed for each case. No rules are currently applicable.



6 Poultry production and egg laying

6.1 Minimising pollution from poultry housing

The most significant emissions from housing are those of ammonia and odour to air. Forboth litter and manure-based systems the techniques aim to increase the dry mattercontent of the litter or manure, by both preventing spillages of water and providing adrying mechanism. If the dry matter content is 60% or above, ammonia emissions areminimal. New buildings should be able to meet this criterion. Dust emissions may be aproblem particularly for larger birds. Discharges from cleaning operations should not beallowed to occur. The use of low crude protein feeds is being investigated for poultryproduction.

Rules relating to new housing will apply to all new housing, on both new and existinginstallations.

6.1.1 Minimising emissions from laying hen housing

NEW laying hen buildings

Notes:a) Large openings in the storage area will permit air to enter and assist drying

6.1.1.1

Caged systems shall be designed on the ventilated pit or belt cleaning principle.

6.1.1.2

Houses with ventilated pits shall incorporate vertically tiered centre slot cageswith scrapers under each tier. There shall additionally be a variable valve betweenthe cage area and manure storage. The valve shall be operated to maximise thepassage of ventilation air over the manure, but minimise passage of draughts intothe cage area.

6.1.1.3

Where a belt cleaned system is proposed, forced air drying on the belt shall beused. Belt cleaned systems shall be designed to optimise manure deposition andair flow to maximise drying on the belt.



Notes:a) Systems shall be designed as far as possible with ammonia reduction in mind.b) Systems to provide forced drying of manure under the slatted area are being

researched.

EXISTING laying hen buildings

Notes:a) Deep-pit housing should be provided with ventilation to increase the drying of air in

the pit.b) Soft engineering structures such as constructed wetlands or swales would be an

appropriate method of controlling and treating any surface water run-off containingdusty particles (i.e. potential pollutants) at source.

6.1.2 Minimising emissions from broiler and turkey housing

The largest single influence on emissions of ammonia from housing is the quality of thelitter. This is affected by temperature and ventilation, drinker type and management,feeder type and management, litter material and depth, condensation, stocking density,feed formulation and quality, and bird health.

NEW broiler and turkey buildings

Notes:a) Ventilation should be arranged to pick up heat from the warm air at ceiling level, to

maximise drying of the litter.

6.1.1.4In barn and free range systems the laying nests shall be located above oradjacent to the slatted area. Any bell drinkers shall be located over the slats.

6.1.1.5Existing buildings shall be managed so as to maximise the drying of manure andallow for the collection of dust.

6.1.2.1Ventilation systems shall be designed and operated to remove moisture in allweather and seasonal conditions. Housing shall be well insulated, and have adamp proof course.

6.1.2.3Dust emitted from buildings shall be collected.

6.1.2.2Nipple drinkers shall be provided as the main source of water for broiler chickensand bell drinkers for turkeys. Bell drinkers may be used as a supplementary sourceand for chicks under 14 days.



Notes:a) For buildings venting to the side, dust may be collected in bins or on hard standing

which is cleaned regularly. Soft engineering structures such as constructedwetlands or grassed swales would also be appropriate.

b) For buildings venting to the roof, a method for collecting the ‘first flush’ ofcontaminated rainfall should be provided. Soft engineering structures such asconstructed wetlands or grassed swales would be appropriate.

EXISTING broiler and turkey buildings

Notes:a) For buildings venting to the side, dust may be collected in bins or on hard standing

which is regularly cleaned. For buildings venting to the roof, soft engineeringstructures such as constructed wetlands or grassed swales would be appropriate

ALL buildings

Notes:a) Litter quality results from a complex interaction of factors such as ventilation,

temperature, humidity, diet, stocking density, and management. Goodmanagement of litter is crucial and, to avoid excess emissions, should bemaintained in as dry and friable condition as possible. Any situation which resultsin over-wet litter should be managed to bring it back to a friable condition as soonas possible.

6.1.3 Minimising emissions from duck housingRequires further discussion with industry representatives. Rules should be based,as far as possible, on current ‘best practice’.

6.1.4 Minimising emissions from pullet rearingRequires further discussion with industry representatives. Rules should be based,as far as possible, on current ‘best practice’.

6.1.2.4Nipple drinkers shall be provided as the main source of water. Bell drinkers may beused as a supplementary source and for chicks under 14 days.

6.1.2.6All reasonable steps shall be taken to ensure that litter is maintained in as dry andfriable condition as possible.

6.1.2.5Existing buildings shall be managed so as to allow for the collection of dust.



6.1.5 Rules relating to all housing

Notes:

a) The farm should be managed to prevent contamination of clean surface waterdrainage systems.

b) Opportunities should be taken to segregate drainage from clean yard areas tominimise the amount of contaminated run-off produced.

Notes:a) This measure will reduce the risk of contamination of surface water drains and

watercourses receiving such discharges.

6.1.5.1

Drainage from dusty or dirty yard areas shall either be:

• treated by means of swales or constructed wetlands; or

• isolated from the clean water system, and collected and stored safely in a tankuntil application to land or export from the site can take place in accordancewith the Manure Management Plan.

6.1.5.2

Any water used for cleaning within housing shall be collected and stored safely ina tank until application to land or export from the site can take place. Sucheffluent must be taken into account when preparing the Manure ManagementPlan.

6.1.5.3On removal from housing, manure and litter shall be:• applied directly to land, when field conditions are appropriate as detailed in

Rule 4.2.2; or• stored safely until application to land or export from the site can take place.

6.1.5.4Disinfectant footbaths shall not overflow. The effluent contained in footbaths shallbe applied to land with slurry or manure.

6.1.5.5New buildings shall be designed with a separate drainage system and tank forcollection of liquids after cleaning.



Notes:a) It will not be sufficient to use the surface water drainage system and block off the

outlet.

6.2 Minimising pollution from litter and manure storage

Wherever possible field storage should be avoided as there is currently no method ofadequately covering such a storage heap.

Notes:

a) Provided the dry matter content is above 60%, ammonia and odour emissions areminimal.

Notes:a) Field stores of poultry litter and manure should not be used as a substitute for a store

with a constructed base and effluent collection tank.b) SEPA may require heaps to be re-sited if there is a risk of pollution.

Notes:a) Such a tank must comply with the requirements of the Control of Pollution (Silage,

Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil) (Scotland) Regulations 1991.

6.2.1Poultry litter or manure storage areas at all new or substantially altered installationsshall be provided with a roof or cover.

6.2.2For existing installations, where no alternative to field storage is available, litter andmanure shall be stored in a densely packed heap with an ‘A’ shaped profile.

6.2.3Field heaps of poultry manure or litter shall not be sited over field drains, within 10metres of a watercourse, or 50 metres of a spring, well or borehole that supplieswater for human consumption, or is to be used in farm dairies.

6.2.4For existing installations where manure or litter is stored in the yard, an impermeablebase shall be provided with a collection system and tank for dirty water.

6.1.5.6The extent, design, management and operation of the housing on the installationshall be in accordance with the application.



7 Energy use

Notes:a) There are a number of audit guides and packages which would meet this requirement,

for example:• • • • MAFF guide ‘Opportunities for saving money by reducing waste on your farm’• Audits from the Farm Energy CentreThese audits will make recommendations for cost-effective energy management.

b) Reducing the energy used by operating more efficiently will reduce emissions ofcarbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas).

c) Current estimates suggest that the energy usage at pig and poultry units is highlyvariable, and many units will find opportunities for cost savings.

8 Accident prevention and management

8.1 Management systems

Notes:a) The Emergency Plan will have been submitted as part of the application, and must be

agreed with SEPA as acceptable in order for it to be incorporated by way of thisstandard condition.

b) A site layout plan, showing details of all surface water and foul drains, should be keptin the site office, with a back-up copy elsewhere in case the office is inaccessible in anemergency.

c) All staff should be aware of the location and contents of the Emergency Plan, andtheir responsibilities in the event of an accident.

d) A separate guide ‘Emergency Planning on PPC farms’, is appended (Appendix 4)e) Reviewing the plan after an accident or incident is an effective way of preventing such

a problem from occurring again.

7.1All installations shall keep records of energy used, annually review opportunities forreducing energy use, and implement changes as necessary. Records shall be kept ofreviews and made available to SEPA on request.

8.1.1The Emergency Plan shall be implemented.8.1.2The operator shall review the Emergency Plan, following any emergency situationand in any event at least once every calendar year.8.1.3The operator shall notify SEPA of any amendment of or addition to the EmergencyPlan that he considers necessary following any review. SEPA’s agreement in writingmust be obtained before any such amendment or addition is made.



9 Measures for controlling noise and vibration

Requirements to abate noise will be site-specific, depending on the location of the farm.A guidance note on noise is being prepared by the Environment Agency and SEPA.Guidance has also been produced by ADAS for MAFF, as follows:

• Guidance on the control of noise on pig units• Guidance on the control of noise on poultry units

These guidance documents should be used to assess the current noise levels producedby the farm, the acceptability of these, and to suggest a timetable for improvements,where required.

10 Measures for controlling odour

Requirements to control odour will be site specific, depending on the location of the farm.A guidance note on odour is currently being prepared by the Environment Agency andSEPA.

SEPA guidance will assist in the preparation of an Odour Management Plan. Many of therules for controlling emissions to air will have additional benefits in reducing odour.

Further advice is available in the PEPFAA Code.

11 Decommissioning

Notes:a) The Decommissioning Plan will have been submitted as part of the application, and

must be agreed with SEPA as acceptable in order for it to be incorporated by way ofthis standard condition.

b) SEPA will not accept an application to surrender the permit unless it is demonstratedthat;• There is no pollution risk, and• No further steps are required to return the site to a satisfactory state.

11.1The Decommissioning Plan shall be maintained and reviewed as necessary

11.2The operator shall notify SEPA of any amendment of or addition to the plan that heconsiders necessary. SEPA’s agreement in writing must be obtained before any suchamendment or addition is made and implemented.



12 Monitoring and reporting

12.1 General requirements Notes:a) Such records, audits and plans would normally be kept in the farm office and will

include;• A Manure Management Plan• Energy audit• Waste minimisation audit• Water audit• Emergency plan• Raw materials inventory• Site report• Decommissioning plan• Noise report*• Odour plan** If required on application.

12.2 On-site use and disposal

Notes:a) This information will be required to estimate the emissions of ammonia to air from

the installation, in place of monitoring of emissions directly.

12.1.1Copies of all records, audits and plans required by the permit shall be madeavailable to SEPA on request. Where the information forms part of a separatedocument, reference shall be made to the whereabouts of this document.Records shall be kept for a minimum of 2 years.

12.1.1.2A summary return of the records detailed in 12.2.1 and 12.2.2 below shall be keptand provided annually to SEPA to coincide with the June census conducted bySERAD.

12.2.1 Livestock numbers -

A record, including details of livestock numbers and movements on and off farm,shall be kept, and be made available to SEPA for inspection.

12.2.2

Where slurry, manure or litter is spread on the farm a record shall be kept of:

• the nutrient content of the slurry and manure applied to each field.

• the weight of slurry and manure applied to each field.

• the date and method of application.



Notes:a) Where such records are already kept for other purposes, such as the NVZ

requirements, or a farm assurance scheme, this format will usually be sufficient.

12.3 Off site use and disposal

13 Notification

Notes:a) Examples of incidents or accidents requiring notification might be over-application

of slurry or manure, failure of ventilation systems resulting in extraordinarymortality or a spillage of fuel oil. The SEPA Hotline number for out of hoursincidents is 0800 807060.

b) Written returns should usually be made by fax.c) After an incident or accident, the operator should review the Emergency Plan as

required by rule 8.1.2.

12.3.1Where slurry and manure are transported off the originating installation, such thatresponsibility for applying it to land passes to a third party, the permit holder willidentify and record:• the recipient(s);

• the amount transported;

• its total nitrogen and phosphorus content (based on standard figures or analysis);

• the amount of land available for spreading;

• the date transported.

12.3.2Where manure is transported off the installation for other purposes the recipient,amount and date transported shall be recorded.

13.1SEPA shall be notified without delay of any incident or accident which is causing ormay cause pollution.13.2Written confirmation shall be submitted within 24 hours of a notification under rule13.1.



References and useful publications

1. From SEPA

Odour Guidance, Noise and Vibration Guidance and Site Report Guidance under thePollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2000

Supporting leaflets to each section of the PEPFAA Code are available from SEPA.

Groundwater Protection Policy for Scotland, August 1997 (SEPA Policy Number 19,currently being reviewed)

Improving Scotland’s Water Environment, State of the Environment Report (1999)

National Waste Strategy: Scotland (1999)

• Available from the Public Affairs Department Tel: 01786 457700, Fax: 01786 448040Email: [email protected].

SEPA Internet address: www.sepa.org.uk

Emergency Hotline: 0800 80 70 60 (for pollution incidents, 24 hours a day, 7 days aweek)

2. From the Scottish Executive Rural Affairs Department

The Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) 2000 - A Practical Guide (Jointpublication with SEPA)

Prevention of Environmental Pollution From Agricultural Activity (PEPFAA) Code(SOAEFD, July 1997)

Guidelines for Farmers in NVZs (current version).

3. From the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries and Food

The “Green Code” - Code of Practice for the Safe Use of Pesticides on Farms andHoldings. MAFF/HSE 1998.

HSE Agricultural Information Sheet No. 16 – Guidance on Storing Pesticides for Farmersand other Professional Users

Controlling soil erosion. An advisory booklet for the management of agricultural land,1997 (PB 3280).

• Available from MAFF Publications Tel: 0645 556000.



Managing Livestock Manures Booklet 1 - Making better use of livestock manures onarable land.Managing Livestock Manures Booklet 2 - Making better use of livestock manures ongrassland.Managing Livestock Manures Booklet 3 - Spreading systems for slurries and solidmanures.

• Available from MAFF Rural and Marine Environment Division Tel: 0207 238 5665.

4. From the Construction Industry Research and Information Association(CIRIA)

Farm Waste Storage: Guidelines for construction. CIRIA Report 126.Tel: 0207 222 8891.

5. From SAC

Technical notes and specialist information packages are available as part of advisorysubscriptions on a wide variety of issues (i.e. in relation to livestock housing and wastemanagement systems, use of fertilisers and protection of the air, soil and waterenvironments from agricultural activities). A booklet, “Fertilisers, Manures, Slurries andWaste Management Plans”, SAC 1993 is also available (£10).

Also:

Fertiliser Recommendations - Publication Number 160 (Joint publication with theMacaulay Institute for Soil Research, 1985).

Design and Construction Guidelines for Farm Waste Storage (1995, revision proposed for2001)

From the Stationery Office

Telephone Orders: 0207 873 9090.

The Control of Pollution (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil)(Scotland) Regulations1991 (S.I 1991 No. 346 (S.35)).

The Sludge (Use in Agriculture) Regulations 1989 (S.I 1989 No.1263).

The Groundwater Regulations 1998 (S.I 1998 No.2746).

Code of Practice for the Agricultural Use of Sewage Sludge. Department of theEnvironment 1989. ISBN 1 85112 005 X.

Fertiliser Recommendations for Agricultural and Horticultural Crops – Reference Book209, MAFF. ISBN 0 11 242813 4.



Appendix 1 - Raw materials pro-forma

Inventory of Raw Materials On approved Lists (see note1)

Quantity used (litres orkg/yr)

Quantity stored on site (litres or kg)

a). Biocides ( includes disinfectants,wood preservatives, slimicides)

b). Pesticides (including herbicides,fungicides, insecticides, vertebratecontrol products, biological pesticides)

c). Veterinary medicines (see note 2)

d). Bedding Types (see note 3)

e). Fuels

Note 1: Approved ListsMAFF/HSE Reference Book 500 Pesticides

National Office for Animal Health compendium Veterinary medicines

MAFF approved list of disinfectants Disinfectants

Note 2: Veterinary MedicinesVolumes or weights of products kept on site for general purposes should be recorded.

Anticipation of disease outbreaks is not required.

Note 3: BeddingAn indication of the types of bedding used is required. Details of quantities stored are notneeded



Appendix 2 - Water audit

Both environmental and financial benefits can result from water efficiency on the farm.Working with Linking Environment and Farming (LEAF) demonstration farms, the EA hasidentified simple water efficiency measures, which are easy to implement, have a shortpay back period, and have environmental benefits.

Water efficiency measures can be put into 3 categories:

• Reduce input of water• Minimise waste of water• Re-use water

Identifying and delivering water efficiency requires a systematic approach to planning andmanagement. It is vital to adopt an integrated or “whole farm” approach and considerboth your use of water and management of dirty water system. There is potential toreduce both the amount of water used and the quantity of dirty water requiring treatmentand disposal. This represents three principle benefits; saving money, saving water andbenefiting the environment.

Introduction:

Agriculture obtains water either from mains supply or abstraction from surface andground water sources. There are only two catchments in Scotland where there arecontrols required for abstraction of water for agricultural irrigation under the NaturalHeritage (Scotland) Act 1991. These are the West Peffer Burn (East Lothian) and OrdieBurn (Perthshire).

The cost of water varies depending on the source of supply. Mains water charges areavailable from your local water authority.

In some parts of the country there may be a shortage of availability of both ground andsurface waters and farmers are advised to contact the local SEPA Office to discuss thelocal water resource situation.

It is common in the UK to use high quality drinking water (mains supply) for a wide rangeof uses. However, many uses of water on the farm do not require such a high qualitystandard, and it may be possible to substitute lower quality water sources. Depending onthe circumstances on the individual farm, this could involve substituting harvestedrainwater for some uses on your farm such as cleaning. It is recognised that hygiene andfarm assurance requirements may mean that this is not always possible. Research in thisarea is being commissioned so that the benefits can be demonstrated to farmers andother key stakeholders such as retailers.



The Water Audit

Following the nine steps in this water audit will allow you to manage your water moreeffectively and devise a farm water management plan. This “water balance” methodrequires you to identify and track the use(s) of all sources of water on the farm, identifyingthe quantities used, associated costs and resulting streams of dirty water.

Step 1: Identify all sources of water

Identify all the sources of water on the farm, and the quantity of water used over a year.Break down these figures into financial quarters, as this will enable you to identify anyfluctuations in water use through your water bill. Monitoring water use in this way willenable you to pinpoint problems such as leaking pipes or faulty ball cocks in watertroughs. Where the water supply is not metered, for example from a private boreholesupply, the amount of water used can be estimated from the length of time pumps are inoperation and the rate of pumping.

QuantityAuthorised (m³)(if appropriate)

Quantity Used (m³)

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 TotalMains WaterAbstraction – Surface water,summer periodAbstraction – Surface waterWinter period (Winter storage)Abstraction – Groundwater,summer periodAbstraction – Groundwater,Winter period (Winter storage)Abstraction – CanalRecycled waterStored RainwaterOther

Step 2: Identify how much you pay for water.

It is important to include not just the cost of the water, but also the operating costsassociated with pumping and distributing water around the farm.

Total £/paMains WaterActual waterStanding chargeDischarge to sewer

Abstraction WaterActual waterStanding charge

Operating CostsLabour costsFuel costsMaintenance costs



Step 3: Assess all sources contributing to the dirty water system.

By critically evaluating all sources contributing to the dirty water system, it may bepossible to identify the clean water sources, such as roof water and run off from cleanyards, which are contributing to the system. By incorporating these sources within yourdirty water system you may be incurring unnecessary costs.

Quantity per annum % of Total per annumSlurryYard washingsSpillage from drinkersRainwaterClean water from cleanyardsOtherTOTAL

You need to ask yourself the following questions:

• What proportion of the total dirty water disposed of is attributable to run off from cleanyards and roof water?

• Is there scope for re-using this water for washing down yards and machinery?

Step 4: Assess the costs associated with the dirty water system

Assess the capital and operating costs associated with the treatment, storage anddisposal of dirty water .

Operating Costs Capital Costs Total £/m³TreatmentStorageDisposalTotal £/m³

Step 5: Identify the uses of water within each farm enterprise

It is vital that you include all the uses of water, however small, within each farmenterprise. The most obvious uses, such as animal drinking should be included, as wellas washing down and animal dipping and drenching.

Farm EnterpriseWaterSource

1. e.g. Pigs 2. 3. 4. 5.

1. Bore ormains

Animal Drinking

2. Bore orrain water

Washing down yards

3. Bore orrain water

Cleaning Pens

4



Step 6: Identify the water quality requirements associated with each use of water.

Many uses of water on the farm do not require such a high quality standard, and it maybe feasible to substitute lower quality water sources. For example, washing downstockyards and feeding pens does not always require water of drinking water quality andit may be possible to switch to rainwater harvested from the roof area. Nevertheless, it isvitally important to identify those uses which demand drinking water standards andensure that there is no possibility of cross contamination.

Water Quality RequirementFarm Enterprise 1Water Use: Pigs1. Drinking2. Cleaning3.4.5.

High quality – mains or bore supplyLow quality – rainwater or bore supply

Step 7: Assess the theoretical demand for water.

Given the number of animals on the farm and their stage of growth, it is possible tocalculate the theoretical demand for water in each enterprise. Comparing these figuresagainst the actual usage will enable you to identify the scope for saving water.

Using the table below as a guide, break down the stock figures into each financialquarter. Then, using the figures in table 1, calculate the theoretical consumption of water.

It may be easier for some enterprises to compare cropping periods rather than quarters.

Theoretical Consumption Livestock Enterprises:Waterdemand(litres)

Waterdemand(litres)

Waterdemand(litres)

Waterdemand(litres)

Total Year(litres/pa)

Pig Unit - IndoorHoused per animal

Quarter 189 days

Quarter 291 days

Quarter 392 days

Quarter 492 days

Sows lactating 1602-2047 1638-2093 1656 –2192 16 1656-2192 6,552-6,072

Sows in pig 445-801 455-819 460-828 460-828 1,820-3,276

Boars 801 819 828 828 3,276Finishers 35-105 kg 178-801 182-819 184-828 184-828 728-3,276Weaners 35kg 178-801 182-819 184-828 184-828 728-3,276

Poultry Unitper 100 birdsChicken layer 1,780-2,670 1,820-2,730 1,840-2,760 1,840-2,760 7,280-10,920Chicken 1157 1183 1196 1196 4,732Turkeys 4,865-6,675 5,005-6,825 5,060-6,900 5,060-6,900 20,020-

27,300DucksCleaning pHCleaning Non-pH



Table 1: Theoretical water consumption figures

Animal Age/ cycle peranimal

Purpose Litres/day/animal

Sows in door housed in milk Drinking 18-23in pig Drinking 5-9

Boars in door housed Drinking 9Pigs in door housed finishing Drinking 2-9Cleaning out pens aftereach batch

16-24

Poultry (per 100 birds) layers Drinking 20-30Poultry (per 100 birds) Finishing Drinking 13Turkey (per 100 birds) finishing Drinking 55-75

Quarter one = 89 daysQuarter two = 91 daysQuarter three = 92 daysQuarter four = 92 days

Conversion factors Multiply by:

UK gallons to cubic metres 0.0045

UK gallons/ hour cubic metres/hour 0.0045

UK gallons/ minute cubic metres/ hour 0.2728

Cubic metres litres 1000

Cubic metre/ hour litres/ second 0.2

Step 8: Comparison of theoretical and actual water use.

Having calculated the theoretical demand for water, compare this against the actualquantity of water used in each financial quarter. Can you account for any discrepancies?

Theoretical Use (litres) Actual Use (litres) Difference(litres)

Quarter 1 210930 600000 389070Quarter 2

Quarter 3Quarter 4

Total Year



Step 9: Getting started on a farm water management plan

For each potential water efficiency measure you need to assess the value of theexpected water savings. There is likely to be a double benefit, with potential savings onyour water bill and reductions in the costs incurred in the treatment and disposal of dirtywater. Remember these savings are ongoing.

Setting up a water management plan is likely to incur some initial expense, but you canquickly assess whether it will be cost effective by calculating the pay back period. Mostfarmers would consider it worthwhile to implement a water efficiency measure if the‘payback’ period is less those two years.

To work out the payback period follow this simple calculation:

Simple payback period (years) = Capital Cost (£) --------------------------------- Net Annual saving (£ pa)

WaterEfficiencyMeasure

Water/ DirtyWater DisposalSavings

Othersavings £/Year (B)

Annualcosts £/Year (C)

Net AnnualSavings £/Year (D)

CapitalCost £ (E)

Paybackperiodyears

Litres/year

£/ year(A)

= A+B-C = E/D



Appendix 3 - Draft Manure Management Planning for PPCinstallations

Introduction

These guidelines are provided to assist in the production of a management plan for safespreading of slurry, manure and other organic ‘wastes’ produced on a farm, or broughtonto the farm for use as a fertiliser, as a soil conditioner, or for ecological benefit. Theunderlying principles in this plan are described in the PEPFAA Code and the “Guidelinesfor Farmers in NVZs” (SERAD).

There are nine steps described in the manure management process:-

1 Calculate manure and ‘liquid waste’ production

1.1 Excreta produced by Livestock.

Measured production figures can be used, or be taken from Appendix E of the PEPFAACode or the SERAD “Guidelines for Farmers in NVZs”.

LivestockUnit

BodyWeight(kg)

MoistureContent %

TypicalVolume(litres/day)

No of StockUnit

MonthsHoused

CalculatedVolume/annum (orcycle)

1 Sow & litter(average forcycle)

130-225 94 10.9

1 Weaner 7 – 18 90 1.31 Grower 18 – 35 90 2-71 Light cutter(dry meal)

35 – 85 90 4.1

1 baconer (drymeal)

35 – 105 90 4.5

1 baconer(liquid feed)

35 – 105 94 7.2

1000 Layinghens

2200 70 115

1000 Layinghens (air dried)

2200 30 49

1000 broilers &litter

2500 40 60

1000 Maleturkeys & litter

13500 40 159

1000 Femaleturkeys & litter

6500 40 74.0

1000 Ducks* 3400 75 290.0Others

TOTAL = A

Note: Figures for ducks have been obtained from ‘Guidelines for Farmers in NVZs’ and ‘FertiliserRecommendations - Publication No.160 (SAC/MISR).



1.2 Bedding Material (from Appendices F&G of the PEPFAA Code).

LivestockUnit

HousingSystem

Litter Used TypicalAmountUsed peryear (kg)Per place

LivestockNos.

TotalProduction

Pigs Pens Straw 102

Poultry Deep Litter Woodshavings orchopped straw

1.0

Broilers Deep Litter Woodshavings,chopped straw orpaper

0.5 (per birdper batch)

Ducks

TOTAL = B

1.3 Cleaning Water ( Appendices F&G of PEPFAA Code)

LivestockUnit

CleaningSystem

Range

(litres/day)

Typical

(litres/day)

LivestockBatch Nos.

TotalProduction

Pig Cleaning outpens aftereach batch (10pigs per pen)

16 – 24 Perbatch

18 Per batch

TOTAL = C

1.4 Rainfall

1.4.1 Areas where rainfall may become contaminated

All existing and proposed areas where effluent is produced or stored will need tomeasured and be clearly identified on a plan. The plan will also need to include :-

• All areas draining to the store/system, including :-

♦ Any roof water not completely separated to the ‘clean’ drainagesystem.

♦ Any contaminated roof water♦ Any water draining off adjacent land.♦ Areas where livestock have regular access or where such

livestock are fed.♦ Areas where leakage from hoses enter the system.

• The area of the storage system itself, unless the store is covered and rainwaterseparated to the ‘clean’ system.

TOTAL AREA = “d”



1.4.2 Minimum Rainfall Allowances.

Rainfall onto area “d” needs to be identified, using a minimum of a 5 year return basis(M5) and a minimum of 4 month period and a 48 hour period (to cover the requirementsof the Control of Pollution (Silage, Slurry and Agricultural Fuel Oil)(Scotland) Regulations1991, if an associated reception pit is used).

As a guide, the M5 for the winter – 1 November to 28 February period is generally45% to 50% of the long term annual rainfall.

1st November-to-28 February rainfall at 5 year return = ....mm

M5 Annual rainfall = ....mm

1.4.3 Total Contaminated rainfall = “d” X M5 from 1.4.2 = D

2 Calculate other sources of manures, effluents and liquid wastes

These will include :-• Waste feedstuffs.• Drainage from feedstuffs (or storage area).• Manures or sludges, including sewage sludge etc. imported onto the

farm.• Other organic materials imported onto the farm for use as a fertilser, soil

conditioner, or for ecological benefit.

TOTAL = E……………

3 Calculate total manure, effluent and liquid waste production

A Excreta.B Bedding.C Cleaning water.D Contaminated yard areas and rain directly onto/into

stores.E Other sources, including imports of material.

TOTAL A+B+C+D+E = ____________________



4 Identify manure spreading areas

4.1 Areas where it is not permitted to spread manures (to be coloured Red onthe map)

These areas are within:

• 10 metres of any watercourse, which include ditches and piped ditches(not forgetting those on the boundary of the farm).

• 50 m of any spring or well.• 50 m of any borehole or reservoir that supplies water for human

consumption or a farm dairy.• Areas of steeply sloping land, where runoff is a high risk throughout the

year.• Any areas included in:

♦ Tenancy agreement (under discussion)♦ Abatement notice due to smell.♦ Set-aside land (under discussion).♦ SSSIs, ESAs or other protected conservation areas.♦ Wetlands.

Notes :-1. The non-spreading areas will reduce the risk of runoff reaching a

watercourse or spring etc. In some cases larger areas will be needed,particularly up slope of a spring or shallow well.

2. Carefully consider any water sources located on neighbouring areas whereit is not practical to spread manures. (To be left white on the map).These are :-

• Non-farming areas such as building/roads/tracks.• Particular land use such as orchards/woodlands.• Located too far from manure stores.• Areas where the surface is rocky, or uneven so that equipment

cannot be used effectively or safely.

4.2 Very High Risk Land (to be coloured orange on map):-

• Areas next to a watercourse, spring or borehole• Where the surface is severely compacted.• Where the land is waterlogged.• Areas that are likely to flood sometime most winters.• Areas next to a watercourse, spring or borehole at field capacity.• Have a steep slope.• Have a moderate slope and slowly permeable soil.

Notes:1. Severely compacted means when rain stays on the land surface after

rainfall.2. Field capacity is when the soil is fully wetted and more rain would cause

water loss by drainage or surface runoff.



3. Slowly permeable soil includes clay soil, or one through which water passesonly slowly.

4. Slopes – the risk of surface runoff increases with slope. Slopes are rarelysimple features and it is not practicable to define critical angles of slope. Asa guide however, steep slopes are usually over 11º and moderate slopes 7 -11º.

Total Very High Risk Land Available…. ha

4.3 High Risk Land (to be coloured yellow on map):-

• Areas at field capacity next to a watercourse, spring or borehole that:♦ Have a moderate slope.♦ Have slowly permeable soil.

• Areas with effective pipe or mole drains;• Areas where soil depth over fissured rock, (e.g. limestone, chalk, slates and

shales) is less than 30 cm.

Notes:-1. Areas which in the last 12 months have been pipe drained, mole drained or

subsoiled over drains should not be used for spreading.2. Drained or mole drained fields should not be used in summer if they are

cracked down to the drains or the back fill.3. Moderate slope – See also notes under very high risk and as a guide

moderate slope = 7º.

Total High Risk Land Available…. ha

4.4 Lower Risk Land (to be coloured green on the map).

Total Lower Risk Land Available….. ha

5 Produce a suitable map

Areas identified in section 4 should be marked on the map using this colour coding,clearly identifying the restrictions or risks identified above and include :-

• Boundary of farm.• Fields proposed for manure spreading.• Fields that are drained and the location of drains if spreading is

proposed on these fields.• ALL watercourses.• ALL wells, boreholes and springs – including those used by

neighbours, water authorities etc.• Location of effluent pipelines and hydrants.



• Location of water mains.• Location of steeply sloping land, with direction of slope indicated.

It is also advisable to include other relevant information such as:

• The reasons why land may be denoted non-spreading, very high risk orhigh risk.

• Location of moderately sloping land.• Location of any soil assessments or soil monitoring points.

6 Calculate minimum areas of land required for land spreading

6.1 Matching Nutrient content of the manures etc. to the requirements ofthe PEPFAA Code so that :-

• The total nitrogen applied is less than 250 kg/ha/year.• No more than 50 m³/ha of slurry or 50 tonnes/ha of manure is applied to

high risk land at any one time.• There is at least 3 weeks between each application (see page 20 of the

PEPFAA Code).

The areas of land needed to comply with the 250 kg/ha limit are:-

Livestock Unit No of Units Total Area Needed

1 Breeding Sow Place, includingpiglets up to 4 weeks

X 0.078 =

1 Weaner Place X 0.012 =

1 Grower Pig Place X 0.024 =

1 Light Cutter Pig Place (35–85 kg) X 0.038 =

1 Bacon Pig Place (35–105 kg) X 0.042 =

1000 Laying Hens X 2.640 =

1000 Broiler Places X 1.980 =

1000 DucksImported animal manures (if any)

Total = Minimum land needed ha

Area available for spreading manure - from section 4Consider lower risk first,

then high riskthen very high risk.

ha



Is extra area needed to spread manures?

If so =

ha

• You may wish to consider if some of the white areas on your map whichare used for cropping could be safely used for spreading to make up thedifference.

• Alternatively you should make arrangements to spread the excessmanures on another farm or dispose of it in other ways. You shouldalways follow the advice in the PEPFAA Code, however.

• You should reconsider any decisions to import animal manures, sewagesludge or similar materials

6.2 To comply with the volume limits in the PEPFAA Code.

Divide the Total Volume to be spread by 50 (the maximum volume in m3 perhectare to be spread on very high risk land) and compare this with the areasavailable (in hectares).

Is extra area needed to spread manures?

If so =

ha

6.3 To comply with the NVZ Rules.

The rules for NVZs set a limit for organic manure loadings of 250/ha of total N ongrassland, and 210kg/ha of total N on arable land, averaged over all agricultural land on afarm. The loading limit for arable land will be reduced to 170kg/ha from 19 December2002. The limits include manure deposited by grazing animals. Further guidance can beobtained from the SERAD “Manure Planning in NVZs”.

For the purposes of this Plan, the areas of land utilised for spreading manures etc.need to be increased in accordance with this document.



7 Using the plan

7.1 Red areasThese should never be used for spreading manure as it would cause waterpollution, damage natural habitats or break a legal obligation.

7.2 White areasHave been judged unsuitable for various reasons. It may be possible to spreadmanure safely at some time in the future.

7.3 Maximum annual applications to all areas

• The amount of animal manure applied to a given area in a 12 month periodshould not contain more than 250 kg/ha total N(200 units/acre) or 210 kg/haon arable land in NVZ areas.

250kg/ha is equivalent to a maximum of:- (8750 gallons/acre) of typical pig slurry (3% dry matter)- 40 t/ha (16 tons/acre) fresh cattle or pig FYM- 16 t/ha (62 tons/acre) manure from laying hens- 8 t/ha (33 tons/acre) broiler litter

• All applications of animal manure should follow the plan, take account of soiland weather conditions, and be subject to frequent checks to ensure pollutiondoes not occur.

Remember:• • • • Slurry and manure should never be spread on any areas which are frozen

hard.

• • • • Risks can be reduced by applying wastes at lower rates than thoserecommended above.

• • • • Do not spread wastes when the soil is so wet tractor-drawn machinerywill damage the soil.

• • • • The maximum annual application of animal manures also applies to landused for growing maize.

• • • • To comply with the NVZ rules.

To make maximum benefit of the nutrient value of the materials it is advisable toobtain nutrient analysis of the soils and manures etc., so that management may bemodified to maximum benefits. Such analysis is required if material is importedonto the farm for use as a fertiliser, soil conditioner, or for ecological benefit.Otherwise, to minimise risks of pollution, it is strongly recommended that lower riskareas are chosen first for application, then higher, only using very high risk areasat times and in conditions identified as being suitable. If sufficient land is notavailable, then material will need to be exported off site.



7.4 Using Lower Risk (Green) Areas

Providing machinery does not damage the soil, and the land is not frozen hardthese areas can be used for spreading. Low dry matter slurry or diluted effluentsmay be applied at or around the 50m3/ha (providing the nutrient limit of 250kg/N/ha is observed) at any one time, providing care is taken to ensure run-off orcontamination of groundwater does not occur.

7.5 Using High Risk (Yellow) Areas

Provided machinery does not damage the soil these areas can be used forspreading at most times of the year. When the soil is at field capacity the followingrules apply:

Do not apply more than 50m3/ha (4500 galls/acre) of slurry or other effluentat any one time.

Do not apply more than 50m3/ha by travelling irrigators at any one time.

Do not apply more than 5mm/hour (1/5” hr) effluent with sprinklers.

Do move sprinklers regularly to suit conditions. On drained soils takeparticular care that polluting material does not pass into awatercourse.

Do leave an interval of at least 3 weeks between applications.

These rules also apply to drained and shallow soils throughout the year.

• Risks can be reduced further by applying manures at lower rates than thoserecommended above. (The PEPFAA Code mentions 25-30 m3/ha on page 20).

• Remember that some drained fields which are high risk (yellow) in winter maycrack in summer. They should not be used for spreading if in this condition.

7.6 Using Very High Risk (Orange) Areas

Do not apply to these areas in the winter or when severely compacted or in thesummer if the soil is cracked overdrains.

7.7 Using Manures

Use the map together with the cropping plan and grazing schedule to decide whento apply to a particular field. The fertiliser value of manures should be maximisedby applying according to crop needs and to complement your inorganic fertiliserapplications. SAC/MISR Fertiliser Recommendations Number 160 gives furtherguidance.



8 Application methods

Pumping

If pumping is employed the range of pumping capacities (in m3/hour) and theapplication rate (in mm/hour) needs to be identified (see page 19 and 20 of thePEPFAA Code).

8.2 It is also necessary to confirm:-• If contractors to be used for slurry spreading. If so, a written contract

confirming the responsibilities of the contractor may be required. Thecontractor should be fully familiar with the PEPFAA Code.

• Is slurry spreading onto land surface or via injection (which may pose anincreased risk to groundwaters in aquifer areas with thin soils) and if so, whatadditional precautions are to be taken to prevent pollution.

8.3 Low Rate Irrigation Systems

• • • • Identify and confirm arrangements to move and check irrigators and pipework.• • • • Identify and confirm adequate provision for buffer capacity.• • • • What contingency measures (see Section 9 below) are in place e.g.:

- a minimum allowance equivalent to 25mm of rainfall over the totalarea draining to the system is normally applied. The buffer volumeshould be in addition to the volume of effluent in the pump tank whenthe pump cuts in. A larger buffer capacity may be required where thesystem operates on “cheap rate night-time tariff” or where the site is ina sensitive location, and the contingency measures to deal with largerrainfall events are limited.

9 System management and contingencies

Confirmation is needed that :-Disposal will be in accordance with the PEPFAA Code and irrigation systems areonly used on fields with an established crop cover:

• Compare existing practices and spreading areas with those used at present.• If they are significantly different, what plans are in place to modify practices.• Is the slurry store completely emptied each year? If not, the base volume

should be taken into account to prevent application rates being higher thananticipated.

9.1 What Are the Contingencies for?

• Very wet weather.• Compliance with the NVZ Rules.• Land that is frozen hard (i.e. when no slurries or manures should be spread).• Overcoming cropping/grazing constraints (including seasonal effluent

production and management practices to overcome potential constraints.



• Addressing constraints on spreading to avoid smell nuisance (during certainweather conditions).

• Power/mechanical failure.• Additional safeguards if night-time pumping is proposed for a Low Rate

Irrigation system.• Store/system overflows.• An accident arising during slurry spreading operations.

The SEPA Emergency Hotline number should be incorporated into the report andincluded on the map. Tel: (0800 80 70 60) in an emergency).



Appendix 4 - Emergency planning for PPC farminginstallations

This guidance note has been drawn up to assist you in developing a site specificemergency response plan to prevent and reduce damage to the environment caused bydisease outbreaks or accidents such as spillages and fires. It is intended for those farmsregulated under the Pollution Prevention and Control (Scotland) Regulations 2000. Thisnote has been based on Pollution Prevention Guidance Note (PPG) 21, “PollutionIncident Response Planning”, which was jointly produced by SEPA, the EnvironmentAgency and the Environment and Heritage Service in Northern Ireland (referred to as “theAgency” or “the Agencies”).

It is anticipated that this note will be modified to include an example site plan.

1 Introduction

The Agencies guidance on industrial sites (PPG11) provides basic advice on pollutionprevention. Further information on techniques for managing run-off generated in theevent of a fire ("fire water") and major spillages is available in PPG18.

This guidance document provides additional advice on emergency planning. It identifieswhy an Emergency Plan is needed, what information should be included and provides aformat for preparing such a plan for a specific site, taking into account the risks and thesite layout.

2 Why produce an Emergency Plan?

Farms have the potential to cause significant environmental harm and to threaten watersupplies and public health if things go wrong and accidents or unintentional losses occur.The Agencies publish a range of pollution prevention guidance notes (PPGs), which will,if followed, help to minimise the risk of an incident occurring; there will always be aresidual risk of an accident or emergency that could cause serious environmentalproblems, however. In addition to the obvious threat posed by chemicals and oils, evenmaterials which are non-hazardous to humans, such as foods and beverages, can causeserious environmental harm in the wrong place. The run-off generated in the event of afire can also be very damaging.

The environmental impact of such an incident may be long term and, in the case ofgroundwater, may persist for many decades threatening drinking water supplies and otheruses of water well into the future. As a result, the legal consequences and clean-upoperation can be costly. Rivers, sewers, culverts, drains, water distribution systems andservice ducts all present routes for pollutants to travel off-site. As a result, the effects of adischarge may not be evident on site but may become apparent some distance away. Insome cases, for example in the event of a fire, atmospheric deposition could also have along-range impact.



In most cases, an incident of this kind need not result in serious environmental damage,providing appropriate pollution prevention measures are in place or immediatelyavailable. The key to this is to have in place an Emergency Plan. This need not be costlyto prepare, but could minimise the consequences should an emergency arise.

3 Producing an Emergency Plan

The emergency plan should contain the following:

a. Cover page

This contains details of the site and of those for whom the plan is relevant. This shouldbe completed with:Box 1 - Company name and full postal address.Box 2 - A brief description of the main business activities on site.Box 3 - Date plan completed and date the plan is due to be reviewed.Box 4 - The plan should be "signed-off" by an appropriate company manager.Box 5 - A list of recipients of the completed plan.

b. Contact list

This should list key contact numbers for the Emergency Services, the relevantEnvironmental regulator, the local water authority, the Health and Safety Executive, theState Veterinary Service and specialist clean-up contractors. Staff who are key-holdersand those who would be contacted in the event of a significant incident should beidentified (including home and mobile numbers). Include the contact numbers for anysources of specialist advice, such as chemical suppliers and manufacturers whoseproducts are on site.

c. Site drainage plan

This should have a clear diagram of the site showing layout and access details, alongwith a schematic representation of the site drainage arrangements. Use ‘red’ for fouldrainage and ‘blue’ for surface water drainage and clearly indicate the direction of flow. Asimilar approach should be used for drain covers on site, which can also be numbered toassist identification.

The plan should indicate:i. general layout of buildings;ii. clearly mark site access routes for emergency services;iii. the location of hydrants, "fireboxes" (see section 6) and materials for pollution

prevention (such as spill kits or straw);iv. identify any bunded areas along with substance stored and estimated retention

capacity;v. the location of livestock housing, and manure and slurry treatment and storage

structures;



vi. the location of areas or facilities used for storage of raw materials and waste;vii. the location of Liquid Propane Gas storage facilities;viii. show the location of sprinkler control valves (where present) and the mains water

supply stopcock.ix. Identify facilities such as inspection points for the detection of pollution (e.g.

surface water drain outlets to watercourses, oil separators, pollution controldevices such as shut-off valves in drains etc.,). Indicate sites suitable for portablestorage tanks or for blocking drains. Provide a brief description of how theyoperate and ensure such facilities are clearly labelled above ground on site.

x. If soakaways are used for surface water, show their location, depth andconstruction details.

xi. Show any watercourse, spring, well or borehole within or adjacent to the site.Indicate the direction of flow (or depth for boreholes and wells), surface wateroutfalls from the site and suitable points for installing pollution control booms or adam. If possible, boom anchor points should be permanently installed at a suitablelocation, taking into account possible flow conditions.

It is important to have a simple site drainage plan with the key details shown. In somecases, additional plans will be required to provide detailed information. These should beattached to the plan and referenced within it.

d. Site oil, chemical and raw materials inventoryAn inventory of materials is a requirement of the Pollution Prevention and Control(Scotland) Regulations 2000. The whereabouts of the on-site inventory should beincluded in the plan.

4 Emergency procedures

Emergency procedures should define the scope of activities covered, staff responsibilitiesand the procedures for dealing with events such as spillages and leaking containers. Thelevel of response will depend on Health and Safety issues, staff training, the level ofpersonal protective equipment available, the nature of any spilled materials and the typesof pollution control equipment available on the site. The appropriate level of responsewill, therefore, be site-specific. It is important to consider what could happen in the worstcase and to take this into account in developing the procedures. A checklist of actionsmay be a useful addition.

In general they should address the following issues:

i. Fire fighting strategy. This should be discussed with the fire service. If acontrolled burn is an agreed option, (see Reference 2 for details) this should beclearly stated.

ii. Disease strategy. Actions to be taken on de-stocking the unit. An emergencydisposal plan should be prepared as part of this document, for disposal of animalcarcasses off-site and, in the event of restrictions on movement, on-site. Theprocedures for dealing with Notifiable disease must be discussed with the StateVeterinary Service.

iii. Nearby properties, downstream abstractors or environmentally sensitive siteswhich could be affected by an incident.



iv. The consequences of an incident at nearby properties.v. Procedures for alerting staff on site, and where appropriate, adjacent sites. This

should include evacuation procedures.vi. Contacting the emergency services, SEPA, local authority and other organisations

concerned and dealing with the press.vii. Substances posing particular risks should be highlighted in the Emergency Plan.viii. The selection of the appropriate level of personal protective equipment.ix. The means of making leaking containers safe.xi. Procedures for containing leaks, spills and fire-fighting run-off. The location and

use of spill kits, drain blockers and other pollution control equipment and theoperation of pollution control devices should be documented.

xii. The main routes of pollutants in the event of spillage should be established. Thiswill make it possible to quickly block off routes and prevent damage to theenvironment.

xiii. Procedures for the recovery of spilled product and the safe handling and disposalof any wastes arising from the incident. Reference 2 (PPG18) contains someuseful relevant information.

xiv. Procedures for dealing with:a) slurry, manure and poultry litter management in the event of:

• very wet weather.• land that is frozen hard.• overcoming cropping/grazing constraints (including seasonal effluent

production and management practices to overcome potential constraints).• addressing constraints on spreading to avoid smell nuisance (during certain

weather conditions);b) measures to be taken in the event of:

• power/mechanical failure,• store/system overflows – are high and low level alarms appropriate?• an accident arising during slurry spreading operations,• additional safeguards if night-time pumping is proposed for Low Rate

Irrigation system.

5 TrainingThe effectiveness of any site incident response plan will depend on staff training. All staffand contractors working on site should be made aware of the plan and should know theirrole if an incident occurs. Exercises should be carried out to familiarise staff with theoperation of the plan and to test its effectiveness. Records of such exercises should beincluded in the staff training records required by the permit.

6 Distribution and revisionA copy of the emergency plan should be submitted to SEPA as part of the IPPC permitapplication together with all hazard data sheets provided by suppliers of chemicals usedat the installation. A copy should be kept in the farm office, but also keep a copy of theplan on site in an easily accessible location away from the main building, such as a gate-house or a dedicated "firebox" to which the emergency services can gain access. Anotice at the site entrance should indicate the location of the plan. Finally, for the plan toremain effective, it is vital that it is regularly reviewed and that any significant changes arereflected in a revised plan. Ensure that revised copies are sent to all plan holders andthat old versions are destroyed.



7 References

1. PPG11: Preventing pollution on industrial sites

2. PPG18: Managing fire-water and major spillages



Example layout for Emergency Plan:

(No example layout yet available)



Emergency Contact Details:

Emergency services: 999Local police:Doctor:SEPA Hotline: 0800 80 70 60

Office hours Out of hoursLocal authority:Sewerage undertaker:Water undertaker:Gas supplier:Electricity supplier:Oil supplier:Spreading contractor:Maintenance contractor:Specialist advice:Waste disposal contractor:Clean-up contractor:

COMPANY CONTACTS (Out of hours)

Managing director:Site manager:Head office contact:



Site Drainage Plan:

(No example site drainage plan yet available)



Emergency Procedures:

(Example of emergency procedures not yet available)



Appendix 5 - Rules still under development

The following rules are under discussion by the pig and poultry steering groups andtechnical sub-groups which report to them. It is anticipated that a rule approach isappropriate for each of the following activities.

1 Selection and use of animal feeds

2 Disposal of animal carcasses by incineration

SEPA and the EA are hoping to continue risk assessment work in association withthe Meat and Livestock Commission (MLC). Emissions from small animal carcassincinerators are not well understood. In principle, on-farm incinerators should bedesigned and operated to:• • • • prevent overloading;• • • • demonstrate good combustion; and,• maintain good combustion.

3 Phosphorus

The basis for this rule is the PEPFAA Code.

Notes:

a) This means that some fields will receive less than 250 kg/ha N in organic manures inany particular year to avoid excessive enrichment of soil P levels.

b) In certain areas of the UK up to three times as much land could be required forspreading.

c) There is some concern that the Olson P measurement of phosphorus, on which theMAFF code is based, may not be the best way of assessing environmental risk.

d) Scotland uses a different basis to measure soil phosphorus.e) More work is required to ensure that the rule is both practical to apply to the majority

of farms and that it is compatible with English and Scottish practice.

2.2 pigsRules under consideration by pig sub group to include minimum requirement of2 diets for sows2-3 diets for finishers depending on slaughter-weight

2.2 poultryRules under consideration by poultry sub-group

Where manures are applied on fields at ADAS Soil P index of 3 or above (or SACequivalent), total P inputs shall not exceed the amount removed by crops in therotation.



4 Minimising emissions from pullet housing

Requires further discussion with industry representatives. Rules should bepossible based on the best of current practice as for other poultry housing.

5 Minimising emissions from duck housing

Requires further discussion with industry representatives. Rules should bepossible based on the best of current practice as for other poultry housing.

standard farming installation rules for pig & poultry ppc...

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