StalkingonCampus

*PortionsofcontentborrowedfromtheOregonSexualAssaultTaskForcewithpermission.AnyadjustmentsmadetocurriculumarenotreviewedbySATF.TrainersarenotSATFtrainers.

Stalking

“Acourseofconductdirectedataspecificpersonthatwouldcauseareasonablepersontofeelfear.”

-NationalStalkingResourceCenter

RiskFactorsonCampus

• Classschedule• Sharedeatingspaces• Limitedon-campusparking• Campusesopentothepublic• AccesstofreeWi-fi• Sharedlivingspaces• Publicnoticeofgroupandclubmeetings• Campusdirectories• Majorprogramsanddepartments• Graduatecohorts

Prevalence

13%ofwomenreportbeingstalkedwhileincollege

Peopleundertheageof25experiencehighestratesofstalking

Prevalence

• 1in6womenand1in19menhaveexperiencedstalkingvictimizationduringtheirlifetimeinwhichtheyfeltveryfearfulorbelievedthattheyorsomeoneclosetothemwouldbeharmedorkilled

• Morethanhalfoffemalevictimsandmorethanone-thirdofmalevictimsofstalkingsaytheywerestalkedbeforetheageof25

• About1in5femalevictimsand1in14malevictimsexperiencedstalkingbetweentheagesof11and17

IntersectionsofViolence

• Two-thirds(66%)offemalevictimshavebeenstalkedbyacurrentorformerintimatepartner;menareprimarilystalkedbyanintimatepartneroranacquaintance,41%and40%respectively(2)

• Stalkingvictimswhoarerapedmostoftenidentifythestalkerasaformerintimatepartner(21%)orafriend,roommateorneighbor(16%)

IntersectionsofViolence

• Relationshipswithhistoryofdomestic/intimatepartnerabuse,offendermayusestalkingasawaytomaintainorregainpowerandcontrol• Rejectioninarelationship• Beforeand/oraftersexualassault• Degreeofviolencetendtoescalatequicker

Behavior

“Normal”Affection-SeekingBehavior

• Waitingoutsidelocker• Callingsomeonerepeatedly• Texting• Lookingforthatpersonatcommonhangouts• Repeatedlylookingpersonuponsocialmedia

StalkingBehavior• Waitingoutsidelocker• Callingsomeonerepeatedly• Texting• Lookingforthatpersonatcommonhangouts• Repeatedlylookingpersonuponsocialmedia

Doesthetargetofthebehaviorexperiencefear?

Behavior

• Oftenthebehaviorsoutsideofcontextarenotillegaloragainststudentconduct• Beingabletoviewperpetratorbehaviorincontextofthevictim• Patternsofbehavior• Behavioroftenescalates!

76%ofintimatepartnerfemicidevictimshavebeenstalkedby

theirintimatepartner

CommonStudentReactions

• Wantingtobe“nice”totheoffendertomakebehaviorstop• Makingcontactorrespondingtooffendersmessagestotrytostopbehavior• Minimizingbehavior• Attemptstoconfrontor”threaten”theoffender

Behavior

• Calling• Texting• Unwantedgifts• Emails• Showingupuninvited• Voicemails• Waitingforvictimatlocations• Others?

Behavior

• 2/3ofcases,perpetratoriscontactingvictiminsomewayatleastonceaday

• Majorityofperpetrators(78%)usemorethanonemethodtostalkthatperson

Behavior

• Averagestalkingcasemaylastupto2years.

• 11%ofstalkingvictimshavebeenstalkedfor5yearsormore.

Recidivism

• Hasthevictimoracampuspersontoldtheoffenderthatthebehaviorisnotok?

• Over60%ofoffenderswillreengageinstalkingbehavioraftersomeformalintervention• On-campusprotectiveorder• Campusstaffissuingverbalorwrittenwarning

Technology

• Olderstudysays25%ofvictimsreportedtechnologybeingusedaswaytogainaccesstovictim• under-representative• Textmessagesnotincluded

• Arevictimsalwaysawarethattechnologyisbeingusedtotrackthem?

Technology

CallerID“Spoof”

Technology

InterimSupportMeasures

• Retaliation• Stalkingprotectiveorders• On-campusno-contactorder• Campusdirectory• Victimsmaymaintaincontactoutoffearforselforothers• Utilizecommunitypartners• Gainingbackcontrol• Issueharassmentwarning• AddressConfidentialityPrograms• Longtermsafetyplanning

InterimSupportMeasures

• Identifythestalkingbehavioratthetime• Re-evaluateandupdatethesafetyplanning• Changesinstalker’sbehavior• Changesinvictim’sroutine(eachsemester)

• Keepingalogofcontact• Notifyon-campusemploymentaboutsharinginformation• Identify“safe”people• ReviewoptionsinreportingtoLE• Technologyconsiderations• Treatallthreatsaslegitimate

InterimSupportMeasures

• Urgingstudentsnottomakecontactwithoffender• supportingstudentstotrusttheirinstincts• Ifstalkerisnotpartofcampuscommunity,disseminatingphototocampussafety• Campussafetyescortservice

InterimSupportMeasures

On-CampusPolicies

• Non-romanticstalking• Traininvestigatorsandstudentconductonwhichpolicythey’reusingtodoanalysis• Sexualharassmentvstalking

• Takingstalkingseriously• AccesstocontextexpertsforTA• Whatrisestothethreshold

• MakingstalkingspecificmaterialsoutsideofIPVumbrellamaterials