stages of fire detections and extinguishants from ginge-kerr danmark a/s & bmtt corporation s/b...
TRANSCRIPT
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Stages of Fire
Detections
and Extinguishants
From Ginge-Kerr Danmark A/s&
BMTT Corporation S/B
(www. ginge-kerr.com)
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What is a fire ?
• A fire is a chemical process out of
control where flammable material
supported by oxygen decompose to
combustion gases and ashes during
heat development
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Fire triangle
• The Fire triangle illustrate the three ingredients needed for a fire
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SUBLIMATION
HEAT
SOLID
VAPORIZATION
HEAT
MELTING LIQUID
VAPOUR
HEAT
GAS
OXYGEN
EMBER
HEAT SMOKE/GASSES
ASHES
FIRE
FLAMES
OXYGEN
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Fire Class NFPA ISO
A Ordinary combustible A
B Flammable liquids B
- Gasses C
C Dry electrical equipment -
D Metals D
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Stages of A - Fire
Application: Ordinary combustibles
Ignition: Flame/Heat
Ignition Smoke Flame Heat
Fire build up Time - Hours
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Stages of B - FireApplication: Flammable liquids
Ignition: Flame/Spark/Heat
Ignition Flame Heat Smoke
Fire build up Time - Seconds to minutes
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Stages of C - Fire (NFPA)
Application: Telecom, Computers i.e.
Ignition: Overheated componentsIgnition Smoke Flame Heat
Fire build up Time - Hours
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Stages of C - Fire (NFPA)
Application: Electrical installation
Ignition: Overheated components/Short circuit
Ignition Smoke Flame Heat
Fire build up Time - Minutes to hour
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Stages of C - Fire (NFPA)
Application: High power electricity
Ignition: Short circuit/Overheated equipment
Ignition Flame Heat Smoke
Fire build up Time - Seconds to minutes
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Stages of A-B-C - Fire (NFPA)
Application: Process industry
Ignition: Flame/Spark/Heat/Short circuit
Ignition Flame Heat Smoke
Fire build up Time - Minutes
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Fire Detection
• Heat Fixed - Rate of rise - cable
• Smoke Optical - Ionisation
• HSSD Laser based aspiration
• Beam Sender - Receiver
• Flame UV - IR
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Controls
•Conventional Loop identification•Addressable Item identification•Release Double knock
- 2 x Loops- 2 x Addresses- 1 x Loop + 1 x HSSD- 1 x Address +1 x HSSD- Single knock
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Extinguishants• Water
• Foam
• Inert Gas
(e.g. Argonite)
• Carbon Dioxide
• Powder
• Halocarbon
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Water as Extinguishants
• Water Mist / Fog– Flammable liquids
– Spray fires
– Cooling
– Effective on high Temperature fire
– Local application
– Not suitable for telecommunications,
computer, control rooms, etc
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Foam as Extinguishants
• Low expansion– Liquid pool fires
• Medium expansion– Liquid pool fires
• High expansion– Total flooding– Risk of suffocation– Very poor visibility
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Argonite as Extinguishants
• Total flooding• Non toxic
• Change O2 level
• No residues • No ozone
depletion• No global warming• Recommended for
occupied area
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CO2 as Extinguishants
• Total flooding• Local application• Change of O2 level• “Toxic”• “No residues” • No ozone depletion• Global Warming Potential of 1• Not recommended for occupied area
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Powder as Extinguishants
• Flammable liquids
• Spray fires
• Local application
• Stop combustion
• Chemical toxic
• Not clean
• Not recommended for occupied area
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FM200 as Extinguishants
• Total flooding• Chemical reaction• Potentially toxic• Chemical residue• No ozone depletion• Global warming potential 2900• Atmospheric lifetime 37 years• Acceptable for occupied area
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Survey of Fire ClassClass Materials Primary
ExtinguishantSecondaryExtinguishant
Applications
A Fire in ordinaryCombustionmaterial(Wood, paper, etc.)
Water Powder,Argonite, CO2,Foam, AquaSafe
FabricationIndustry, Stocks,Offices
B Fire in flammableliquids
Foam, AquaSafe Powder,Argonite, CO2,
PetrochemicalIndustry, Stocks
B Fire in flammablegases
Powder,AquaSafe
Argonite, CO2, Natural gasManufacturers,Stocks, GasStations
C Fire in electricalcunductioninstallation
Argonite, CO2 Water Computer rooms,Electrical board,Board room,Archive
D Metal fires Dry sand,Powder
Machine Industry
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Selecting Fire Detection
• Time of detection
• Type of combustion
• Adaption to application
• Avoid nuisance alarms
• Response / Activity
• Authorities
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Time of Detection
• Alarm level– Smoke– Flame– Heat
• Value of application– Stop not accepted– Reestablishment– Insurance policy
Flame Heat Smoke
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Type of Combustion
• Smoke level
• Flame damage
• Heat damage
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Adaption to Application
• Process
• Employee habit
• Surrounding
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Avoid Nuisance Alarms
• Detection principle
• Installation principle
• System training
• Update employees
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Response / Activitity
• Fire instruction plan
• Designated persons
• Training
• Drill
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Authorities
• Standards
• Approvals
• Approving bodies
• Fire brigade
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Selecting Fire Suppression
• Fire fighting effectiveness
• Discharge damage/effect on equipment
• Installation issues
• Hazards for occupants
• Environmental acceptability
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Fire Fighting Effectiveness
• Speed of fire suppression
• Suitability for the fire hazard
• Ability to permeate
• Post-fire hold time
• Risk of re-ignition
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Discharge Damage/Effect on Equipment
• Clean up
• Water damage
• Decomposition products and corrosion
• Condensation
• Thermal shock
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Installation Issues
• Floor space/weight
• Pipework
• Ease of maintenance
• Refill cost
• Availability of extinguishant
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Hazards for Occupants
• Toxicity
• Visibility
• Inhalation
• Safety with live electrical equipment
• Thermal decomposition products
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Environmental Acceptability
• Ozone Depletion
• Global Warming
• Atmospheric Lifetime
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www.ginge-kerr.dk
www.argonite.com
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www.dti.gov.uk/access/ozone.htm
http://ctan.unsw.edu.au/pub/archive/hc/news/wpafb/humanhal.pdf
References
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References
www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/fire/lists/
flood.html
www.Harc.org
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References
www.mst.dk-
choose english version
then choose publication
and then choose point 4
publication database in all data
in - including keywords write 301
in Danish EPA publication series -
choose
Environmental project
press submit