stages of colonization

7/24/2019 Stages of Colonization

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Indian Political and Economic History

Stages of British Rule1. What are the characteristics of the First Stage of colonial rule in India?

2. How did East India gain by capturing political power in India?

. !escribe about early settle"ent #cts?

$. If one carefully studies the period of Indian history between 1%&% and 1'$( one finds

clearly identifiable stages of )ritish coloni*ation each with its specific and distinguishablecharacteristics. +an you identify the "ain features of each stage with corresponding

i"pacts on the Indian econo"y?

&. ,he e"ergence of Industrial )ritain resulted in !e-industriali*ation and

co""erciali*ation of Indian #griculture in the early part of ineteenth century/. !o you

agree? E0plain your conclusions.

. !iscuss the i"pact of the "ilitary and industrial reolutions upon India up to 13&3. Which

of these would you regard as "ore i"portant?

Industrial Revolution1. ,he industrial reolution in the 45 changed the nature of )ritish interest in India.

+o""ent.

2. How was the Indian econo"y affected by the change?. What role did opiu" play in that regard?

$. Would you attribute the origins of the industrial reolution to the inentie genius of the

English people? 6roide reasons for your answer.

&. #naly*e the cause and conditions of the e"ergence of the factory syste" of production in

Western Europe. What are the chief characteristics?

Indian Business1. E0plain the difference in the process of industriali*ation of 7ute and cotton te0tile industries

in India?

2. How do you e0plain the Indian )usiness +o""unity8s increasing interest in the Indiannational "oe"ent beginning with the post First World War period?

. How do you e0plain the duality in the attitude of the Indian business co""unity towards

Indian nationalis"?$. How did colonial rule affect Indian business? How did business"en respond to the new

conditions they faced?

Others1. 9ist the "ain proble"s faced by lord +ornwallis when he arried as :oernor ; :eneral in

1%3. How would you hae tac


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Incetion of Per!anent Settle!ent

+o"pany reali*ed that to "a0i"i*e the profits it "ust "a0i"i*e reenue fro" land.

EI+ auctioned Ba"indaris to those who would pay the" "a0i"u" ta0.

Ba"indars in turn heaily ta0ed peasants who had no incentie to produce "ore.

,his oer-e0ploitation led to nu"ber of fa"ines greatest being 1%% in )engal. ,here was oerall

decrease in production and efficiency of agriculture.

,o boost the production and to generate constant strea" of reenue EI+ decided to create gentry of

landlords who had a sta


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#aissez "aire:

ew class of entrepreneurs >goods-producers@ e"erged in )ritain.

,hey could enhance profits by e0panding "ara@ Indian "iddle class beca"e poorer due to

une"ploy"ent >b@ decline of other industries li


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13&$ 2 12 11

13&& 2$. 1.1 11.2

13& 2'. 1&.$ 1$.$

J #ll alues in "illions pounds


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III-Stage

1. Flow of capital to )ritain.

2. !eelop"ent of Dailways as an agent of deindustriali*ation.

. +o""erciali*ation of #griculture.

$. Ba"indars to 9andlords.

&. E"ergence of Kute and +otton Industry.

"lo% of caital#t about 13&(8s the capital inest"ent had reached a saturation point with construction of basic networ


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non-food crops. ,his ast change in Indian agriculture fro" food grains to non-food crops >7ute indigo@ is

so"eti"es around !undee@ but based on DA supplied fro" +alcutta.

The characteristics of jute industry were:

1. 9abor intensie. ,he 7ute industry is highly labor intensie and does not re=uire "uch sInterest@

Hoarder >,rader8s

profit@

9and wner >Dent

fro" peasant@


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)o"bay ca"e under )ritish ( years after +alcutta. )y then the "onopoly of EI+ was withdrawn

and "ercantile attitude was replaced by 4tilitarian capitalistic attitude. ,here was an attitude

difference in )ritish )o"bay and )ritish +alcutta.

For ( years of difference )o"bay "erchants en7oyed free trade in local "ar


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Prewar

Role of state

Early criticis" of )ritish laisse* faire deeloped into an idea of positie state participation in

econo"ic actiities.Dole of state was defined as not only protecting nascent Indian industry against foreign co"petition

but also to carry out social and agricultural refor"s.

%st&orld &ar

9aisse* faire policy brofinance "inister@ tried to setup Econo"ic #disory council in India.

-$CC$ in %*./ 0irla and !ar1ar spo1e on necessity of planned economy in $ndia#

1. +apitali*ation of west was based on e0ploitation of colonies this was large capital accu"ulated that

was loo


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!econd &orld &ar6ost War Deconstruction co""ittee was setup in 1'$1 to prepare deelop"ent plan for India/.

)o"bay plan released in Kanuary 1'$$

Industrial policy of :I in 1'$&.

)oth the plans supported license ra7 to ensure spread of industries in all parts of country to get true

industriali*ation.

#

!efense and 6ublic4tilities. Aust be

deeloped by state

)

5ey Industries there

was difference ofopinion

+

+onsu"er Industries"ust be left for

priate sector.

stages of colonization

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