stages in learning to write
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Stages in Learning to Write
Abd. Rafail Bin Zarak Khan
(2008411222)Mohd Hazwan Bin Yasin (2008411198)
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Outline
Stages in Learning to Write
Writing Readiness
Early Writing
- General guidelines
- Handwriting
- Further copying activities
Developmental Writing
-Spelling & Writing
- Communicative writing activities
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Stages in Learning to Write
Writingreadiness
Early writing
Developmentalwriting
*Maturewriting
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Writing Readiness
Develop knowledgeof the English
language
Develop interest inwanting to write in
English
Recognize print isdifferent from
pictures and it hasmeanings
Develop the ability to
discriminate betweenshapes
Develop visualmemory for shapes
Develop large muscleof arm and hands andmuscles of forefinger
and thumb
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Early Writing
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1. General guidelines
� Pre-communicative activities: pupils learn the
mechanics and convention for effective
communicative writing.
� Knowledge of aspects of English is increased.
� However, T cant leave it to chance that the
other aspect of writings will develop on their
own.
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Provide meaningf ulcontexts for learning
the mechanics of writing
Use pupils own oralcomposition for
giving them insightinto writing.
Constantly keep thebenefits of learning
to write beforethem.
Make it practice to
read to your pupils avariety of things
Develop your pupils
natural curiosity andthinking skills.
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2. Handwriting
� Coaching to improve accuracy, regularity,fluency and knowledge of writing conventions.
� Can be achieved by emphasizing theseaspects:
a) A space between letters in a word and spacebetween words in a sentence
b) The proportion of parts of the letters (samesize and height)
c) The correct direction of pen movements.
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How these 4 aspects can be developed?
- Use paper with 4 lines.
- Make sure pupils move their pencils in the
correct direction.- From copying letters and patterns move on to
copying words and sentences.
- PRACTICE!
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Guidelines for preparing writing
worksheets
Concentrate on a fewdifficulties faced by
your students.
Provide sufficientguidance to ensure
pupils do not makeerrors.
The practice mustevoke the feeling that
something has beenwritten.
There must be a sense
of purpose in thepractice.
T must ensure that there isprovision for the elements of good
handwriting (formation, slant, size,alignment and spacing)
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3. Further copying activities
- Help students master the mechanics of
writing.
- Variety of copying activities.
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Developmental Writing
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Spelling & Writing
Importanceof spelling& writing
Guarantee aneffective writtencommunication
Poor spelling willinterfere
comprehensionand hampers
communication
Goal of writing iscommunication -
spelling instruction isan importantcomponent
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� The English writing system is alphabetic.
However, some letters have more than onesound.
�
Some symbols areu
sed to signal somethingabout another symbol.
� The inconsistencies in English phonetics createserious spelling problems for students.
� However, English spelling is teachable.
Eg. The letter c in Car and Circle
Eg. e at the end
Hid Hide
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Most spelling courses take multi-
pronged approach:
Teaching the relationship between the mostcommon phonemes of English and the graphemes
Teaching the most common words
Develop visual memory for shapes of words
Develop relevant dictionary skills
Help pupils device ways of helping themselves toremember common but troublesome words.
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Possible procedure for teaching
spelling
� Words learnt through a multi-sensory
approach are likely to be recalled more readily
than words learnt through a single sense.
� Thus, a practical approach of teaching spelling
is to integrate spelling with the 4 skills.
� Eg. Puzzles
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Dealing with irregularities
� Make Ss aware of the irregularities in the
spelling of English words.
�
Different combinations of letters may bepronounced in the same way.
� T can also help Ss to learn spelling by
introducing amusing poems that reveal
irregularities.
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A flea and a fly flew up in a flue.
Said the flea, "Let us fly!"
Said the fly, "Let us flee!"
So they flew through a flaw in the flue.
Source: http://www.ukstudentlife.com/Ideas/Fun/Wordplay.htm
Example of poem that reveals irregularities.
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Communicative writing activities for
beginners
� In real life, we do not write, unless we are
strongly motivated and have something that
we really want to put on paper.
� T can create situations to only allow Ss to
exercise written conversation.
� Eg. Using word cards
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Other examples of early
communicative writing activities:
Write note if theywant to talk to
their friends inclass.
Write a list of
things to dofor an event birthday party
Keep a diary
each must atleast write oneentry a week
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Thank you for listening