stage 2 notes. / mercator metellam salutat. / the merchant greets metella. / metella culinam intrat....
TRANSCRIPT
Stage 2 NotesStage 2 Notes
mercator Metellam salutat.
The merchant greets Metella.
Metella culinam intrat.
Metella enters the kitchen.
- a noun is a word that is a person, place, or a thing, or idea
Examples: puella, toga, Caecilius, canis, Metella
mercator Metellam salutat.
The merchant greets Metella.
Metella culinam intrat.
Metella enters the kitchen.
- a noun is a word that is a person, place, or a thing, or idea
Examples: puella, toga, Caecilius, canis, Metella
in the sentences above there are two different forms of the same noun:
Metella- Metellam
these different forms are known as the nominative case and the accusative case
Nominative = subject
Accusative = direct object, translated after verb
in the sentences above there are two different forms of the same noun:
Metella- Metellam
these different forms are known as the nominative case and the accusative case
Nominative = subject
Accusative = direct object, translated after verb
The endings a noun uses for the nominative and accusative forms depends on the declension that the noun belongs to.
Declension are categories or families of nouns that share the same endings in their nominative and accusative forms.
You can identify the declension of the noun by the genitive case. CLC unit I does not list the genitive, so we will refer to the accusative.
The endings a noun uses for the nominative and accusative forms depends on the declension that the noun belongs to.
Declension are categories or families of nouns that share the same endings in their nominative and accusative forms.
You can identify the declension of the noun by the genitive case. CLC unit I does not list the genitive, so we will refer to the accusative.
First Declension nouns end in –am in the accusative singular form of the CLC Unit I dictionary entry.
Examples:fuga, fugamira, irambarba, barbamgloria, gloriam
Dictionary Entry: bruma, brumam
First Declension nouns end in –am in the accusative singular form of the CLC Unit I dictionary entry.
Examples:fuga, fugamira, irambarba, barbamgloria, gloriam
Dictionary Entry: bruma, brumam
1st Declension Nouns
Nominative Nominative Form, Form, SubjectSubject
of sentenceof sentence
Second Declension nouns end in - um in the second form of the CLC Unit I dictionary entry.
Examples:somnus, somnumvesper, vesperumlocus, locumpuer, puerum Dictionary Entry: oculus, oculum
Second Declension nouns end in - um in the second form of the CLC Unit I dictionary entry.
Examples:somnus, somnumvesper, vesperumlocus, locumpuer, puerum Dictionary Entry: oculus, oculum
2nd Declension Nouns
Nominative Nominative Form, Form, SubjectSubject
of sentenceof sentence
Third Declension nouns end in - em in the second form of the dictionary entry.
Examples: tempus, temporem rex, regemdoctor, doctoremnomen, nominemmater, matrem
Dictionary Entry: fons, fontem
Third Declension nouns end in - em in the second form of the dictionary entry.
Examples: tempus, temporem rex, regemdoctor, doctoremnomen, nominemmater, matrem
Dictionary Entry: fons, fontem
3rd Declension Nouns
Nominative Nominative Form, Form, SubjectSubject
of sentenceof sentence
Nom Metella QuintusCaecilius mercator
Acc Metellam Quintum Caecilium mercatorem
if the merchant does something the nominative mercator is used.
Mercator is the subject.
For example: mercator amicum salutat. The merchant greets the friend.
Nom Metella QuintusCaecilius mercator
Acc Metellam Quintum Caecilium mercatorem
if the merchant does something the nominative mercator is used.
Mercator is the subject.
For example: mercator amicum salutat. The merchant greets the friend.
if someone else does something to the merchant the accusative form mercatorem is used in the sentence.
Ask Whom or What after the verb.
Quintus mercatorem salutat. Quintus greets whom/ what? Answer: mercatorem
mercatorem is the direct object of the sentence.
if someone else does something to the merchant the accusative form mercatorem is used in the sentence.
Ask Whom or What after the verb.
Quintus mercatorem salutat. Quintus greets whom/ what? Answer: mercatorem
mercatorem is the direct object of the sentence.
Take notice of the different word order in these sentences:
Clemens culinam intrat.
1st 3rd 2nd
Clemens enters the kitchen.
N.B. In a Latin sentence, the verb is last.
coquus vinum portat. 1st 3rd 2nd The cook carries the wine. (carries what? wine = acc)
When you are translating always follow this order:
Subject + Verb + Direct Object / Prep Phrase
Nom -t Acc in tablino= in the study
m in triclinio= in the dining room
coquus vinum portat. 1st 3rd 2nd The cook carries the wine. (carries what? wine = acc)
When you are translating always follow this order:
Subject + Verb + Direct Object / Prep Phrase
Nom -t Acc in tablino= in the study
m in triclinio= in the dining room
Declining 1ST Declension Noun
Declining 1ST Declension Noun
1st declension. Ex: girl = puella Case endings are in RED
1st declension. Ex: girl = puella Case endings are in RED
Singular Plural
Nominative puellA puellAE
Accusative puellAM puellAS
Declining a 2nd Declension Noun
Declining a 2nd Declension Noun
2nd declension. Ex. : slave= servus Case endings are in RED
2nd declension. Ex. : slave= servus Case endings are in RED
Singular Plural
Nominative servUS servI
Accusative servUM servOS
Declining a 3rd Declension Noun
Declining a 3rd Declension Noun
* We didn’t study this one closely, so don’t panic!
3rd declension. Example: dog = canis
Case endings are in RED
* We didn’t study this one closely, so don’t panic!
3rd declension. Example: dog = canis
Case endings are in REDSingular Plural
Nominative canis canES
Accusative canEM canES
CONJUGATIONSCONJUGATIONS
A conjugation is a group of verbs that have the same infinitive ending.
There are 4 conjugation infinitives: 1st - āre
2nd - ēre
3rd - ere
4th - īre
A conjugation is a group of verbs that have the same infinitive ending.
There are 4 conjugation infinitives: 1st - āre
2nd - ēre
3rd - ere
4th - īre
All infnitives end in –re. The vowel before the –re tells what conjugation
VERBSVERBS Verbs have person and number. Number = singular or plural
Verbs agree with the subject Is there one person or more than one
Person = 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person. 1st = I/we 2nd = you/all of you 3rd = he, she, it/ they
Verbs have person and number. Number = singular or plural
Verbs agree with the subject Is there one person or more than one
Person = 1st, 2nd, or 3rd person. 1st = I/we 2nd = you/all of you 3rd = he, she, it/ they
Person IndicatorsPerson IndicatorsSingular
Plural
1 O or M MUS
2 S TIS
3 T NT
Person indicators show WHO is doing the action
Singular Plural
1 I we
2 you all of you
3 he,she, it they
Person indicators coincide with English subject pronouns
2nd conjugation2nd conjugationSingular
Plural
1 O or M MUS
2 S TIS
3 T NT
To conjugate a verb, take the infinitive and drop the -re
vidēre videO videMUS videS videTIS videT videNT
vidēre videO videMUS videS videTIS videT videNT
I see, I am seeing, I do seeYou see, you are seeing, you do seeHe sees, he is seeing, he does see.
We see, we are seeing, we do seeYou all see, you are all seeing, you all do seeThey see, they are seeing, they do see
Present Present progressiveEmphatic
1st conjugation1st conjugationSingular
Plural
1 O or M MUS
2 S TIS
3 T NT
To conjugate a verb, take the infinitive and drop the -re
amāre amOamaMUS amaS amaTIS amaT amaNT
1st person singular – drop the a before the -re
amāre amOamaMUS amaS amaTIS amaT amaNT
I like, I am liking, I do likeYou like, you are liking, you do likeHe, she, it likes, he is liking, he does like
We like, we are liking, we do likeYou all like, you all are liking, you all do likeThey like, they are liking, they do like
Present Present progressiveEmphatic