stage 12 notes. the different tenses we have learned so far are: present, imperfect, and perfect the...
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Stage 12 Notes
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The different tenses we have learned so far are: present, imperfect, and perfect
The endings of verbs will tell you what tense and what person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) they are in.
Sing Plural
1st Person I We
2nd Person You You all (yall)
3rd Person He/she/it They
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When you look up a verb in the dictionary it will look like this:
laborolaboro, laborarelaborare, , laboravilaboravi, laboratus - to work
1st pres, infinitive, 1st perfect1st pres, infinitive, 1st perfect, 4th principle part
Cut off -re to get stem to attach to present
and imperfect endings
Cut off -i to get stem to attach
to perfect endings
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The present tense is translated as (blank) s, is (blank) ing, does (blank).
To form the present tense, look at the first two principle parts of your dictionary entry:
laborolaboro,, laborare,laborare, laboravi, laboratus
First plug laborolaboro into the first person singular.
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Then figure out the stem of the verb by cutting off the -re from the 2nd form.
laboro,laboro, laborare,laborare, laboravi, laboratus
What is the stem?
labora is what you will attach the person indicators (o/m, s, t, mus, tis, nt).
labora-labora-
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To form the present tense, take your present stem and attach the person indicators. N.B. The ‘a’ is dropped in 1st singular.
singular plural
1st person - laborlaborOO laborAlaborAmusmus
2nd person -laborAlaborAss laborAlaborAtistis
3rd person - laborAlaborAtt laborAlaborAntnt
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Conjugate and translate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense-
singular plural
1st person -
2nd person -
3rd person -
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• Conjugate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense- singular
1st person - festinO- festinO- I hurry, I am hurrying, I I hurry, I am hurrying, I do hurrydo hurry
2nd person -festinAfestinAss - You hurry, You are - You hurry, You are hurrying, you do hurryhurrying, you do hurry
• 3rd person –festinfestinAAt- t- He/she/it hurries, is He/she/it hurries, is hurrying, does hurry hurrying, does hurry
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• Conjugate festino, festinare, festinavi, into the present tense-
plural
• 1st person - festinAfestinAmus- We hurry, We are mus- We hurry, We are hurrying, We do hurryhurrying, We do hurry
• 2nd person –festinAfestinAtis- You all hurry, You all tis- You all hurry, You all are hurrying, You all do hurryare hurrying, You all do hurry
• 3rd person –festinfestinAAnt-nt- They hurry, They They hurry, They are hurrying, They do hurryare hurrying, They do hurry
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• The imperfect tense is translated as was/were ing
• To form the imperfect tense, take your stem from the infinitive and attach the letters -BA.
• Then stick present tense mickey mouse endings on the end!
• The only change it that the first person singular will end in a -m instead of o.
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• Let us conjugate specto, spectare, spectavi into the imperfect tense.
• What tense indicator do we attach to the verb stem?
• What person indicators do we attach to the tense indicator?
• spectaspecta-
singular plural
• 1st person- spectaspectabam spectaspectabamus
• 2nd person- spectaspectabasspectaspectabatis
• 3rd person- spectaspectabat spectaspectabant
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Conjuate and translate dico, dicere, dixi: to say/ speak, into the imperfect tense-
singular plural
1st person -
2nd person -
3rd person -
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singular
1st dicedicebam: I was saying
2nd dicedicebas: You were saying
3rd dicedicebat: He,she, it was saying
dico, diceredicere, dixi, imperfect tense-
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plural
1st dicedicebamus: we were saying
2nd dicedicebatis: yall were saying
3rd dicedicebant: they were saying
dico, diceredicere, dixi, imperfect tense-
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• The perfect tense is translated as (blank) ed.
• To form the perfect tense, take the third principle part and cut off the letter - i .
• Then attach the perfect endings (i, isti, it, imus, istis, erunt).
• What is the perfect stem of laboro, laborare, laboravi, laboratus? laboravlaborav--
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Lets use the perfect stem and conjugate fero, ferre, tulituli
singular plural
1st person- tultuli tultulimus
2nd person- tultulisti tultulistis
3rd person- tultulit tultulerunt
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Conjugate and translate do, dare, dedi: to give into the perfect tense-
singular plural
1st person -
2nd person -
3rd person -
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singular
1st person- deddedi: I gave
2nd person- deddedisti : You gave
3rd person- deddedit: He/she/it gave
do, dare, dedidedi perfect tense-
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plural
• 1st person- deddedimus: We gave
• 2nd person- deddedistis: You all gave
• 3rd person- deddederunt: They gave
do, dare, dedidedi perfect tense-
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The verb sum, esse, fui : to be is the most common verb you will see in Latin
singular plural
1st person - sumsum- I am sumussumus- We are
2nd person - eses- You are estisestis- You all are
3rd person - estest- He, she, it is suntsunt- They are
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The verb sum, esse, fui: to be looks like this in the imperfect tense:
singular plural
1st person - erameram- I was eramuseramus- we were
2nd person - eraseras- you were eratiseratis- you all were
3rd person - eraterat- he, she it was eranterant- they were