stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment of tutela heights...

Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of

Tutela Heights Phase 1,

Stuart & Ruggles Tract, County of Brant, Ontario

Prepared for:

Walton Development and Management

#4610 - 199 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario M5L 1G3

Tel. 416-680-9961 Fax. 416-860-9962

Archaeological Licence P049 (Steiss) MTC CIF P049-512-2010 ASI File 10TS-32

August, 2010

Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of Tutela Heights Phase 1, Stuart & Ruggles Tract, County of Brant, Ontario

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Stage 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment of Tutela Heights Phase 1,

Stuart & Ruggles Tract, County of Brant, Ontario

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Archaeological Services Inc. was retained by Walton Development and Management of Toronto, Ontario to undertake a Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment of Tutela Heights Phase 1, Stuart & Ruggles Tract, in the County of Brant, Township of Brantford, Ontario. The study area encompasses 37.25 hectares and is located on the south side of Tutela Heights Road, west of Davern Road, east of Rue Chatueax Terrace and north of Phelps Road. The study area consists of cultivated fields and wooded lands. The background review of the study area revealed that no sites had been registered within the study area but that eighteen had been registered within one kilometre of the study area. A review of all available historical mapping and archival records indicated that the study area has been settled since the early nineteenth century. The study area was assessed at five metre intervals. All areas of disturbance were documented. During the course of the archaeological survey, three historical sites, one historic industrial site, one possible historic Aboriginal site, two historic findspots, 59 pre-contact sites and 85 pre-contact findspots were documented. Given the isolated and undiagnostic nature of P2 (AgHb-419), P3, P6, P8, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15, P16, P17, P19, P21, P22, P24, P25, P29, P31, P33 (AgHb-433), P34, P35, P36, P37, P43, P44, P45, P47, P48, P49, P50, P51 (AgHb-438), P52, P53 (AgHb-439), P54, P55, P56, P57, P59, P60, P61 (AgHb-441), P62, P63, P64, P69, P70, P71, P72, P74, P75, P76, P77, P78, P79, P80, P84, P85, P86, P87, P88, P89, P90, P91 (AgHb-447), P92 (AgHb-448), P99, P102, P104 (AgHb-457), P106, P109, P110, P111, P112, P113, P114, P115, P118, P119, P121, P123, P124, P125 (AgHb-464), P126, P128, P129, P131 (AgHb-466), P133, P134, P135, P137 (AgHb-469), P140, P142, P143, P144 and P145, these findspots do not represent significant archaeological resources and are considered to be free of any further archaeological concern. Given the isolated nature of H1 and H3, these findspots do not represent significant archaeological resources and are considered to be free of any further archaeological concern. Findspots P10, P30, P38, P66, P73, P94, P96, P122, P130 and P146, represent components that have yielded few artifacts, but appear to have highly focused distributions. Given this factor, it is recommended that these areas be subject to a revisit and if additional artifacts are encountered at each site, then those sites will be subject to Stage 3 investigation. If the revisits do not result in the recovery of any additional artifacts, recommendation will be made to clear those sites of further archaeological concern. Given the nature of the deposits at Euro-Canadian sites AgHb-416 and AgHb-417, these sites potentially represent significant archaeological resources. If these sites cannot be avoided in the development plan, they must be subject to a comprehensive Stage 3 assessment, in accordance with the Ministry of Tourism and Culture’s Standards and Guidelines for Consulting Archaeologists (2009). Given the nature of the deposits and considering the property’s land use history, the Blackers Brickworks site (AgHb-415) represents a potentially significant archaeological resource. If this site cannot be avoided in the development plan, it must be subject to a comprehensive Stage 3 assessment.


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Site AgHb-413 represents a significant component of the Late Iroquoian and contact period history of Brantford. If this site cannot be avoided in the development plan, it must be subject to a comprehensive Stage 3 assessment. Sites P1 (AgHb-418), P5 (AgHb-421), P9 (AgHb-423), P18 (AgHb-424), P20 (AgHb-426), P23 (AgHb-427), P26 (AgHb-428), P27 (AgHb-429), P28 (AgHb-430), P32 (AgHb-432), P39 (AgHb-434), P40 (AgHb-435), P41 (AgHb-436), P42 (AgHb-437), P58 (AgHb-440), P65 (AgHb-442), P67 (AgHb-443), P68 (AgHb-444), P81 (AgHb-445), P83 (AgHb-446), P93 (AgHb-449), P108 (AgHb-459), P117 (AgHb-461), P136 (AgHb-468), P147 (AgHb-472), and P148 (AgHb-473) represent significant archaeological resources of potential high heritage value. If these sites cannot be avoided in the development plan, they must be subject to comprehensive Stage 3 assessment. The following sites are situated within areas to be protected and will not be subject to Stage 3 investigation: P4 (AgHb-420), P95 (AgHb-451), P97 (AgHb-452), P98 (AgHb-453), P100 (AgHb-454), P101 (AgHb-455), P103 (AgHb-456), P105 (AgHb-458), P116 (AgHb-460), P120 (AgHb-462), P121, P127 (AgHb-465), P132 (AgHb-467), P138 (AgHb-470), P139 (AgHb-471) and Euro-Canadian site AgHb-414. The remainder of the subject property may be considered free from further archaeological concern.


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PROJECT PERSONNEL

Project Director: Debbie Steiss, MA, Partner & Senior Archaeologist (P049)

Project Manager: Beverly Garner, Hons. BA,

Assistant Manager Field Director: Mr. Robert Wojtowicz, BSc

Staff Archaeologist (R291) Field Archaeologists: Ms. Maya Basdeo Ms. Devon Brusey Mr. Jenna Down Ms. Jillian Fraser Ms. Johanna Kelly Mr. Adrian Morrison Ms. Anatoly Venovcev Project Historian: Mr. Brian Narhi Report Preparation: Ms. Andrea Carnevale, Hons. BSc

Staff Archaeologist (R314) Artifact Processing: Ms. Carol Bella Mr. Shawn Bayes, BA Ms. Elaine Cheng, BA, Staff Archaeologist (R318) Artifact Analysis Ms. Andrea Carnevale Ms. Alexis Dunlop, MSc, Laboratory Manager Ms. Deborah Steiss Artifact Photography: Ms. Andrea Carnevale Graphics: Ms. Sarina Finlay, Hons. BA, GIS/CAD technician Ms. Andrea Carnevale Report Compilation and Editing: Ms. Andrea Carnevale Ms. Beverly Garner


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................................................I

PROJECT PERSONNEL ............................................................................................................................................................. II

1.0 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................................... 1

2.0 STAGE 1 BACKGROUND RESEARCH.......................................................................................................................... 2

2.1 PREVIOUS ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH........................................................................................................................ 2 2.2 PHYSIOGRAPHY AND ASSESSMENT OF PRE-CONTACT POTENTIAL ....................................................................................... 3 2.3 ASSESSMENT OF HISTORIC ARCHAEOLOGICAL POTENTIAL: SUMMARY REVIEW OF HISTORICAL MAPPING ................................. 4

3.0 STAGE 2 FIELD ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................................... 6

Test Pit Survey ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 Pedestrian Survey.......................................................................................................................................................... 7

3.1 RESULTS OF THE FIELD ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................................................... 10 3.1.2 Pre-Contact Sites and Findspots .................................................................................................................. 13

AgHb-418 – P1 .............................................................................................................................................................................13 AgHb-419 – P2 .............................................................................................................................................................................14 P3 .................................................................................................................................................................................................14 AgHb-420 – P4 ............................................................................................................................................................................14 AgHb-421 – P5 .............................................................................................................................................................................15 P6 .................................................................................................................................................................................................15 AgHb-422 – P7.............................................................................................................................................................................16 P8 .................................................................................................................................................................................................16 AgHb-423 – P9.............................................................................................................................................................................17 AgHb-474 – P10 ...........................................................................................................................................................................18 P11 ................................................................................................................................................................................................18 P12................................................................................................................................................................................................19 P13................................................................................................................................................................................................19 P14 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................19 AgHb-475 – P15 ...........................................................................................................................................................................20 P16 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................20 P17................................................................................................................................................................................................20 AgHb-424 – P18...........................................................................................................................................................................20 P19 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................22 AgHb-426 – P20 ..........................................................................................................................................................................23 P21................................................................................................................................................................................................24 P22 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................24 AgHb-427 – P23...........................................................................................................................................................................24 P24 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................27 P25 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................27 AgHb-428 – P26 ..........................................................................................................................................................................27 AgHb-429 – P27...........................................................................................................................................................................28 AgHb-430 – P28 ..........................................................................................................................................................................29 P29 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................29 AgHb-431 – P30 ...........................................................................................................................................................................30 P31................................................................................................................................................................................................30 AgHb-432 – P32...........................................................................................................................................................................31 AgHb-433 – P33...........................................................................................................................................................................31 P34 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................32 P35 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................32 P36 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................33 P37 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................33 AgHb-476 – P38 ..........................................................................................................................................................................33 AgHb-434 – P39 ..........................................................................................................................................................................34 AgHb-435 – P40 ..........................................................................................................................................................................35 AgHb-436 – P41...........................................................................................................................................................................35 AgHb-437 – P42...........................................................................................................................................................................36


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P43 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................37 P44 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................37 P45 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................38 P47 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................38 P48 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................38 P49 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................39 P50 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................39 AgHb-438 – P51 ...........................................................................................................................................................................39 P52 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................40 AgHb-439 – P53...........................................................................................................................................................................40 P54 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................40 P55 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................41 P56 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................41 P57 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................41 AgHb-440 – P58 ..........................................................................................................................................................................42 P59 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................42 P60 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................43 AgHb-441 – P61 ...........................................................................................................................................................................43 P62 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................43 P63 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................44 P64 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................44 AgHb-442 – P65 ..........................................................................................................................................................................44 AgHb-477 – P66...........................................................................................................................................................................45 AgHb-443 – P67...........................................................................................................................................................................45 AgHb-444 – P68 ..........................................................................................................................................................................46 P69 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................46 P70 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................46 P71................................................................................................................................................................................................46 AgHb-478 – P72...........................................................................................................................................................................47 AgHb-479 – P73 ...........................................................................................................................................................................47 P74 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................47 P75 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................48 P76 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................48 P77................................................................................................................................................................................................48 P78 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................49 P79 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................49 P80 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................49 AgHb-445 – P81 ...........................................................................................................................................................................49 P82 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................50 AgHb-446 – P83 ..........................................................................................................................................................................51 P84 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................52 P85 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................52 P86 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................52 P87 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................52 P88...............................................................................................................................................................................................53 P89 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................53 P90 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................53 AgHb-447 – P91 ...........................................................................................................................................................................53 AgHb-448 – P92 ..........................................................................................................................................................................54 AgHb-449 – P93 ..........................................................................................................................................................................55 AgHb-450 – P94 ..........................................................................................................................................................................55 AgHb-451 – P95 ...........................................................................................................................................................................56 AgHb-480 – P96 ..........................................................................................................................................................................56 AgHb-452 – P97...........................................................................................................................................................................57 AgHb-453 – P98 ..........................................................................................................................................................................57 P99 ...............................................................................................................................................................................................57 AgHb-454 – P100.........................................................................................................................................................................58 AgHb-455 – P101 .........................................................................................................................................................................58 P102 .............................................................................................................................................................................................60 AgHb-456 – P103.........................................................................................................................................................................60 AgHb-457 – P104 .........................................................................................................................................................................60 AgHb-458 – P105 .........................................................................................................................................................................61


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P106 .............................................................................................................................................................................................62 AgHb-459 – P108.........................................................................................................................................................................63 P109 .............................................................................................................................................................................................63 P110..............................................................................................................................................................................................63 P111 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................63 P112 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................64 AgHb-481 – P113..........................................................................................................................................................................64 P114..............................................................................................................................................................................................64 P115 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................65 AgHb-460 – P116 .........................................................................................................................................................................65 AgHb-461 – P117..........................................................................................................................................................................66 P118..............................................................................................................................................................................................67 P119 ..............................................................................................................................................................................................67 AgHb-462 – P120 ........................................................................................................................................................................68 AgHb-486 – P121 .........................................................................................................................................................................68 AgHb-463 – P122.........................................................................................................................................................................69 P123 .............................................................................................................................................................................................69 P124 .............................................................................................................................................................................................69 AgHb-464 – P125.........................................................................................................................................................................70 P126 .............................................................................................................................................................................................70 AgHb-465 – P127 .........................................................................................................................................................................71 AgHb-482 – P128 ........................................................................................................................................................................71 P129 .............................................................................................................................................................................................72 AgHb-483 – P130.........................................................................................................................................................................72 AgHb-466 – P131 .........................................................................................................................................................................73 AgHb-467 – P132 .........................................................................................................................................................................73 P133..............................................................................................................................................................................................74 P134 .............................................................................................................................................................................................74 AgHb-484 – P135.........................................................................................................................................................................74 AgHb-468 – P136 ........................................................................................................................................................................75 AgHb-469 – P137 .........................................................................................................................................................................75 AgHb-470 – P138.........................................................................................................................................................................76 AgHb-471 – P139 .........................................................................................................................................................................76 P140 .............................................................................................................................................................................................77 P142 .............................................................................................................................................................................................78 P143 .............................................................................................................................................................................................78 P144 .............................................................................................................................................................................................78 P145..............................................................................................................................................................................................78 AgHb-185 – P146 .........................................................................................................................................................................79 AgHb-472 – P147 .........................................................................................................................................................................79 AgHb-473 – P148.........................................................................................................................................................................80

3.1.3 Historic Sites and Findspots......................................................................................................................... 81 H1.................................................................................................................................................................................................81 AgHb-413 .....................................................................................................................................................................................82 H3.................................................................................................................................................................................................83 AgHb-414 .....................................................................................................................................................................................83 Blacker Brickworks (AgHb-415) ..................................................................................................................................................84 AgHb-416 .....................................................................................................................................................................................84 AgHb-417 .....................................................................................................................................................................................85

3.1.4 Review of Historic Features indicated on the 1875 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Brant County 87

4.0 LAND USE HISTORY................................................................................................................................................ 87

4.1 ADMINISTRATIVE AND SURVEY HISTORY ...................................................................................................................... 87 4.2 STEWART AND RUGGLES TRACT .................................................................................................................................. 88 4.3 HISTORY OF STUDY AREA .......................................................................................................................................... 91

4.3.1 Tutela (Tutelo) Heights .................................................................................................................................. 91 4.3.2 R. Brooks Farm............................................................................................................................................... 92 4.3.3 W. Brooks Farm.............................................................................................................................................. 93 4.3.4 T. Brooks Farm ............................................................................................................................................... 93


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4.3.5 E. Blacker Farm .............................................................................................................................................. 93 4.3.6 Blacker Brickyard .......................................................................................................................................... 94 4.3.7 J. Stewart Farm............................................................................................................................................... 95

4.4 SUMMARY OF LAND USE HISOTRY .............................................................................................................................. 96

5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................................................ 97

6.0 REFERENCES CITED ............................................................................................................................................... 102

7.0 PHOTOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................................................... 105

APPENDIX: ARTIFACT CATALOGUES ................................................................................................................................... 119

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: The location of the subject lands............................................................................................................... 1 Figure 2: The study area superimposed on the 1858 Tremaine Map of the County of Brant......................................... 4 Figure 3: The study area superimposed on the 1875 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Brant County. ........... 5 Figure 4: Stage 2 Field Survey of Tutela Heights Phase 1 ..........................................................................................8 Figure 5: Figure 6: Stage 2 Field Survey of Tutela Heights Phase 1 – Detail of Sites.................................................... 9

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Registered Archaeological Sites Within One Kilometre ................................................................................ 2 Table 2: Outline of Southern Ontario Prehistory....................................................................................................... 3 Table 3: Weather Conditions for the Stage 2 Field Assessment................................................................................. 6 Table 4: Sites and Findspots encountered during the Stage 2 Assessment of Tutela Heights Phase 1....................... 10 Table 5: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-418 ................................................................................................................13 Table 6: Artifact Catalogue for P2.......................................................................................................................... 14 Table 7: Artifact Catalogue for P3 .......................................................................................................................... 14 Table 8: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-420 ...............................................................................................................15 Table 9: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-421 ................................................................................................................15 Table 10: Artifact catalogue for P6......................................................................................................................... 16 Table 11: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-422.............................................................................................................. 16 Table 12: Artifact Catalogue for P8 ........................................................................................................................ 16 Table 13: Artifact Catalogue for P9 ........................................................................................................................ 18 Table 14: Artifact Catalogue for P10....................................................................................................................... 18 Table 15: Artifact Catalogue for P11 ........................................................................................................................19 Table 16: Artifact Catalogue for P12........................................................................................................................19 Table 17: Artifact Catalogue for P13 ........................................................................................................................19 Table 18: Artifact Catalogue for P14........................................................................................................................19 Table 19: Artifact Catalogue for P15 ....................................................................................................................... 20 Table 20: Artifact Catalogue for P16 ...................................................................................................................... 20 Table 21: Artifact Catalogue for P17 ....................................................................................................................... 20 Table 22: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-424............................................................................................................. 22 Table 23: Artifact Catalogue for P19 ...................................................................................................................... 22 Table 24: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-426............................................................................................................. 23 Table 25: Artifact Catalogue for P21....................................................................................................................... 24 Table 26: Artifact Catalogue for P22...................................................................................................................... 24 Table 27: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-427 ............................................................................................................. 26 Table 28: Artifact Catalogue for P24...................................................................................................................... 27 Table 29: Artifact Catalogue for P25 ...................................................................................................................... 27 Table 30: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-428............................................................................................................. 28 Table 31: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-429 ............................................................................................................. 29 Table 32: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-430............................................................................................................. 29


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Table 33: Artifact Catalogue for P29 ...................................................................................................................... 29 Table 34: Artifact Catalogue from AgHb-431 .......................................................................................................... 30 Table 35: Artifact Catalogue for P31....................................................................................................................... 30 Table 36: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-432..............................................................................................................31 Table 37: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-433 ............................................................................................................. 32 Table 38: Artifact Catalogue for P34 ...................................................................................................................... 32 Table 39: Artifact catalogue for P35....................................................................................................................... 32 Table 40: Artifact Catalogue for P36...................................................................................................................... 33 Table 41: Artifact Catalogue for P37....................................................................................................................... 33 Table 42: Artifact Catalogue for P38...................................................................................................................... 33 Table 43: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-434............................................................................................................. 34 Table 44: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-435 ............................................................................................................. 35 Table 45: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-436............................................................................................................. 36 Table 46: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-437............................................................................................................. 37 Table 47: Artifact Catalogue for P43 ...................................................................................................................... 37 Table 48: Artifact Catalogue for P44...................................................................................................................... 38 Table 49: Artifact Catalogue for P45 ...................................................................................................................... 38 Table 50: Artifact Catalogue for P47 ...................................................................................................................... 38 Table 51: Artifact Catalogue for P48 ...................................................................................................................... 38 Table 52: Artifact Catalogue for P49 ...................................................................................................................... 39 Table 53: Artifact Catalogue for P50 ...................................................................................................................... 39 Table 54: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-438............................................................................................................. 40 Table 55: Artifact Catalogue for P52 ...................................................................................................................... 40 Table 56: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-439............................................................................................................. 40 Table 57: Artifact Catalogue for P54...................................................................................................................... 41 Table 58: Artifact Catalogue for P55 ...................................................................................................................... 41 Table 59: Artifact Catalogue for P56 ...................................................................................................................... 41 Table 60: Artifact Catalogue for P57 ...................................................................................................................... 41 Table 61: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-440 ............................................................................................................. 42 Table 62: Artifact Catalogue for P59 ..................................................................................................................... 42 Table 63: Artifact Catalogue for P60...................................................................................................................... 43 Table 64: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-441 ............................................................................................................. 43 Table 65: Artifact Catalogue for P62 ...................................................................................................................... 44 Table 66: Artifact Catalogue for P63...................................................................................................................... 44 Table 67: Artifact Catalogue for P64 ...................................................................................................................... 44 Table 68: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-442............................................................................................................. 45 Table 69: Artifact Catalogue for P66...................................................................................................................... 45 Table 70: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-443 ............................................................................................................. 45 Table 71: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-444 ............................................................................................................. 46 Table 72: Artifact Catalogue for P69 ...................................................................................................................... 46 Table 73: Artifact Catalogue for P70 ...................................................................................................................... 46 Table 74: Artifact Catalogue for P71....................................................................................................................... 47 Table 75: Artifact Catalogue for P72....................................................................................................................... 47 Table 76: Artifact Catalogue for P73 ...................................................................................................................... 47 Table 77: Artifact Catalogue for P74....................................................................................................................... 48 Table 78: Artifact Catalogue for P75 ...................................................................................................................... 48 Table 79: Artifact Catalogue for P76 ...................................................................................................................... 48 Table 80: Artifact Catalogue for P77 ...................................................................................................................... 48 Table 81: Artifact Catalogue for P78 ...................................................................................................................... 49 Table 82: Artifact Catalogue for P79 ...................................................................................................................... 49 Table 83: Artifact Catalogue for P80...................................................................................................................... 49 Table 84: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-445............................................................................................................. 50 Table 85: Artifact Catalogue for P82.......................................................................................................................51 Table 86: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-446 .............................................................................................................51 Table 87: Artifact Catalogue for P84...................................................................................................................... 52 Table 88: Artifact Catalogue for P85...................................................................................................................... 52


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Table 89: Artifact Catalogue for P86...................................................................................................................... 52 Table 90: Artifact Catalogue for P87 ...................................................................................................................... 52 Table 91: Artifact Catalogue for P88 ...................................................................................................................... 53 Table 92: Artifact Catalogue for P89...................................................................................................................... 53 Table 93: Artifact Catalogue for P90 ...................................................................................................................... 53 Table 94: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-447............................................................................................................. 54 Table 95: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-448............................................................................................................. 55 Table 96: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-449............................................................................................................. 55 Table 97: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-450 ............................................................................................................. 56 Table 98: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-450............................................................................................................. 56 Table 99: Artifact Catalogue for P96...................................................................................................................... 57 Table 100: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-452 ........................................................................................................... 57 Table 101: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-453............................................................................................................ 57 Table 102: Artifact Catalogue for P99 .................................................................................................................... 58 Table 103: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-454 ........................................................................................................... 58 Table 104: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-455 ........................................................................................................... 59 Table 105: Artifact Catalogue for P102 ................................................................................................................... 60 Table 106:Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-456 ............................................................................................................ 60 Table 107: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-457............................................................................................................ 61 Table 108: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-457 ........................................................................................................... 62 Table 109: Artifact Catalogue for P106................................................................................................................... 62 Table 110: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-459............................................................................................................ 63 Table 111: Artifact Catalogue for P109.................................................................................................................... 63 Table 112: Artifact Catalogue for P110.................................................................................................................... 63 Table 113: Artifact Catalogue for P111 .................................................................................................................... 64 Table 114: Artifact Catalogue for P112.................................................................................................................... 64 Table 115: Artifact Catalogue for P113 .................................................................................................................... 64 Table 116: Artifact Catalogue for P114.................................................................................................................... 65 Table 117: Artifact Catalogue for P115 .................................................................................................................... 65 Table 118: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-460 ........................................................................................................... 65 Table 119: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-461 ............................................................................................................ 66 Table 120: Artifact Catalogue for P118 ................................................................................................................... 67 Table 121: Artifact Catalogue for P119.................................................................................................................... 67 Table 122: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-462 ...........................................................................................................68 Table 123: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-462 ...........................................................................................................68 Table 124: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-463 ........................................................................................................... 69 Table 125: Artifact Catalogue for P123 ................................................................................................................... 69 Table 126: Artifact Catalogue for P124................................................................................................................... 70 Table 127: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-464 ........................................................................................................... 70 Table 128: Artifact Catalogue for P126................................................................................................................... 70 Table 129: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-465 ............................................................................................................71 Table 130: Artifact Catalogue for P128................................................................................................................... 72 Table 131: Artifact Catalogue for P128 ................................................................................................................... 72 Table 132: Artifact Catalogue for P128................................................................................................................... 72 Table 133: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-466 ........................................................................................................... 73 Table 134: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-467 ........................................................................................................... 74 Table 135: Artifact Catalogue for P133 ................................................................................................................... 74 Table 136: Artifact Catalogue for P134 ................................................................................................................... 74 Table 137: Artifact Catalogue for P134 ................................................................................................................... 75 Table 138: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-468 ........................................................................................................... 75 Table 139: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-469 ........................................................................................................... 76 Table 140: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-470 ........................................................................................................... 76 Table 141: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-471 .............................................................................................................77 Table 142: Artifact Catalogue for P140....................................................................................................................77 Table 143: Artifact Catalogue for P142 ................................................................................................................... 78 Table 144: Artifact Catalogue for P143................................................................................................................... 78


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Table 145: Artifact Catalogue for P144 ................................................................................................................... 78 Table 146: Artifact Catalogue for P145 ................................................................................................................... 78 Table 147: Artifact Catalogue for P146 ................................................................................................................... 79 Table 148: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-472 ...........................................................................................................80 Table 149: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-473 ...........................................................................................................80 Table 150: Nineteenth Century Artifact Date Ranges in Ontario............................................................................... 81 Table 151: Artifact Catalogue for H1 ....................................................................................................................... 82 Table 152: Artifact Catalogue for H3 ...................................................................................................................... 83 Table 153: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-415 ............................................................................................................ 84 Table 154: Tutela Height Phase 1 - Archaeological Sites Subject to Stage 3 Investigations ...................................... 101 Table 155: Tutela Height Phase 1 - Archaeological Sites Subject to Revisits ............................................................ 101

LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES Appendix A – Table 1: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-413..........................................................................................120 Appendix B – Table 2:: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-414 ........................................................................................124 Appendix C – Table 3: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-416 .........................................................................................126 Appendix D – Table 4: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-417 ......................................................................................... 131

LIST OF PLATES Plate 1: Biface (Cat.#L5) from AhGb-418 (P1) ...........................................................................................................13 Plate 2: Projectile point fragment (Cat.#L1) from AgHb-420 (P4) ............................................................................. 14 Plate 3: Biface fragment (Cat.#L4) from AgHb-421 (P5) ............................................................................................15 Plate 4: Biface fragment (Cat.#L1) from AgHb-422 (P7) ........................................................................................... 16 Plate 5: Late Archaic (ca. 2,500-1,000 B.C.) projectile point fragment (Cat.#L5) and biface fragments (Cat.#L6 and

Cat.#L4) from AgHb-423 (P9).........................................................................................................................17 Plate 6: Scraper (Cat.#L13), secondary knapping flake (Cat.#L14), shatter (Cat.#L6), primary reduction flake (Cat.#L1),

Middle Archaic corner-notched Brewerton point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.; Cat.#L11), Middle Archaic corner-notched Brewerton point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.; Cat.#L10), Late Archaic Innes point (ca. 1,500 B.C.; Cat.#L12), and projectile point fragment (Cat.#L9) from AgHb-424 (P18). ...............................................................................21

Plate 7: Biface fragment (Cat.#L5) and Biface (Cat.#L4) from AgHb-426 (P20).......................................................... 23 Plate 8: Shatter (Cat.#L15), projectile point (ca. 1,500 B.C.; Cat.#L18), preform (ca. 6,000-2,500 B.C.; Cat.#L17), Biface

(Cat.#L15), and Biface (Cat.#L16) from AgHb-427 (P23). ................................................................................. 25 Plate 9: Biface fragments (Cat.#L5 and Cat.#L4) from AgHb-429 (P27) .................................................................... 28 Plate 10: Biface (Cat.#L3) from AgHb-431 (P30) ...................................................................................................... 30 Plate 11: Projectile point fragment from AgHb-432 (P32) .........................................................................................31 Plate 12: Scraper (Cat.#L3) from AgHb-433 (P33).....................................................................................................31 Plate 13: Projectile point fragments (Cat.#L10 and Cat.#L11) and scraper (Cat.#L8 and Cat.#L6) from AgHb-434 (P39)34 Plate 14: Biface fragment (Cat.#L3) and Late Archaic Crawford Knoll (ca. 1,300-900 B.C.) projectile point (Cat.#L4)

from AgHb-436 (P41).................................................................................................................................... 36 Plate 15: Projectile point fragment (Cat.#L1) from AgHb-437 (P42) .......................................................................... 37 Plate 16: Biface (Cat.#L1) from AgHb-438 (P51) ...................................................................................................... 39 Plate 17: Scraper (Cat.#L53) from AgHb-439 (P53) .................................................................................................. 40 Plate 18: Middle Archaic Brewerton side-notched projectile point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.; Cat.#L2) from AgHb-440

(P58)........................................................................................................................................................... 42 Plate 19: Biface fragment (Cat. #L2) from AgHb-441 (P61) ....................................................................................... 43 Plate 20: Fossil Hill secondary knapping flake (Cat.#L1)......................................................................................... 45 Plate 21: Graver (Cat.#L1) and projectile point fragment (Cat.#L3) from AgHb-445 (P81)........................................... 50 Plate 22: Two pieces of European flint shatter (Cat.#L4) and an end scraper (Cat.#L3) from, AgHb-446 (P83) ............51 Plate 23: Biface (Cat.#L1) from AgHb-447 (P91) ...................................................................................................... 54 Plate 24: Biface fragment from AgHb-448 (P92)..................................................................................................... 54 Plate 25: Late Woodland Levanna projectile point (Cat.#L2) from AgHb-449 (P93) ................................................... 55 Plate 26: Early Woodland Adena projectile point fragment (Cat.#L1) from AgHb-454 (P100) ..................................... 58


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Plate 27: Projectile point fragment (Cat.#L5), and two biface fragments (Cat.#L3 and Cat.#L4) from AgHb-455 (P101) 59 Plate 28: Transitional Archaic Perkiomen (ca. 1,600 – 1,500 B.C.) projectile point from AgHb-457 (P104).................. 61 Plate 29: Possible Middle Archaic Brewerton projectile point from AgHb-458 (P105) ............................................... 62 Plate 30: Middle Archaic Brewerton corner-notched projectile point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.; Cat.#L3) from AgHb-460

(P116).......................................................................................................................................................... 65 Plate 31: A: Late Archaic Crawford Knoll projectile point (Cat.#L9), b: Early Archaic Nettling point (Cat.#L8), c: preform

(Cat.#L6), d: projectile point fragment (Cat.#L7) and e: Early Woodland Meadowood point (Cat.#L10) from AgHb-461 (P117).................................................................................................................................................... 66

Plate 32: Early Woodland Meadowood point (ca. 800-300 B.C.) from AgHb-486 (P121) (Cat.#L1). .............................68 Plate 33: Biface fragment (Cat.#L2) from AgHb-463 (P122) ..................................................................................... 69 Plate 34: Biface (Cat.#L1) from AgHb-464 (P125) .................................................................................................... 70 Plate 35: Late Archaic projectile point fragment (ca. 1,300-900 B.C.; Cat.# L5) from AgHb-465 (P127) ........................71 Plate 36: Middle Woodland Snyders projectile point (ca. 400 B.C. – AD 500; Cat.#L4) from AgHb-467 (P132) ........... 73 Plate 37: Projectile point fragment (Cat.#L1) from AgHb-468 (P136) ........................................................................ 75 Plate 38: Biface fragment (Cat.#L1) from AgHb-469 (P137)...................................................................................... 75 Plate 39: Projectile point fragments (Cat.#L4 and Cat.#L5) from AgHb-471 (P139) .....................................................77 Plate 40: Late Archaic stemmed projectile point from AgHb-472 (P147)................................................................... 79 Plate 41: Iroquoian triangular point from AgHb-473 (P148) .....................................................................................80 Plate 42: Select artifacts from AgHb-413. a: Cat.#H1, b: Cat.#H3, c: Cat.#H6, d: Cat.#H10, e: Cat.#H13, f: Cat.#H14 and

g: Cat.#H47. ................................................................................................................................................ 82 Plate 43: Metal artifacts from AgHb-413. Cat.#M1 and Cat.#M2 .............................................................................. 82 Plate 44: Select artifacts from AgHb-414 (H4). A: Blue Chinoiserie Transfer Print Muffin Plate Cat.#H2, b: Hand-

painted Late Palette Saucer Cat.#H3, c: Transfer Print Flatware fragment Cat.#H7 and d: Scalloped Edgeware Flatware Cat.#H9. ........................................................................................................................................ 83

Plate 45: Select artifacts from Blackers Brickworks AgHb-415 (Cat.#H2) ................................................................. 84 Plate 46: Select artifacts from AgHb-416. a: Floware Cat.#H1, b: Transfer Printed sherd Cat.#H10, c: Ceramic sherd

Cat.#H35, d: Milk Glass fragment Cat.#H58 and e: Pipe Stem Fragment Cat.#H49 .......................................... 85 Plate 47: Select artifacts from AgHb-417. a: Moulded Supper Plate Cat.#H16, b: Undecorated sherd Cat.#H18, c:

Undecorated sherd Cat.#H19, d: Salt-glazed Framgent Cat.#H20, and Glass Bottle Fragments e: Cat.#H22 and f: Cat.#H23.....................................................................................................................................................86

Plate 48: Schedule 6 “Return of Industrial Establishments” (Brantford Township Census 1871), showing data for the “Blacker Brick Yard” second item from the bottom........................................................................................ 95

Plate 49: Looking southwest at end of Rue Chateaux Terrace. ...............................................................................105 Plate 50: Looking southwest at area subject to test pit survey...............................................................................105 Plate 51: Looking northwest at test pitting of the grassed and treed area...............................................................105 Plate 52: Soil profile of test pit in the grassed areas of the northwest corner of the study area. ..............................105 Plate 53: Conditions for the pedestrian survey within ploughed land. Looking northwest at location of AgHb-421 (P5).

................................................................................................................................................................. 106 Plate 54: Conditions for the pedestrian survey within ploughed land. Looking south along the western boundary of

the study area. .......................................................................................................................................... 106 Plate 55: Looking south along the western boundary of the study area. ................................................................ 106 Plate 56: Looking south at location of AgHb-420 (P4)........................................................................................... 106 Plate 57: Field crew conducting a pedestrian survey of ploughed land. Looking west at the location of findspot P139.

..................................................................................................................................................................107 Plate 58: Looking north from the location of findspot AgHb-470 (P138)..................................................................107 Plate 59: Looking north from the location of findspot P143 and P144. ....................................................................107 Plate 60: Looking southeast at the location of findspot P11...................................................................................107 Plate 61: Looking east at the location of findspot P13 and P14.............................................................................. 108 Plate 62: Looking north at the location of findspots P47 and P48. ........................................................................ 108 Plate 63: Looking south at the location of findspots P49, P50, and site AgHb-438 (P51)......................................... 108 Plate 64: Looking southeast at the location of findspots P54 and P55................................................................... 108 Plate 65: Conditions for the pedestrian survey within the relatively flat ploughed area in the northern portion of the

property. Looking southeast from the north corner of the study area. ...........................................................109 Plate 66: Looking south from the northern boundary of the study area at the field crew conducting the pedestrian

survey........................................................................................................................................................109


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Plate 67: Conditions for the pedestrian survey within the relatively flat ploughed fields of the northern portion of the study area. Looking southeast at the location of findspot P86......................................................................109

Plate 68: Looking northeast at the location of findspots P70 and P72. ...................................................................109 Plate 69: Looking west at the location of findspots P78 and P80. .......................................................................... 110 Plate 70 : A view north along the driveway. .......................................................................................................... 110 Plate 71: A view north along the treed and grassed area long the driveway. ........................................................... 110 Plate 72 : Artifact scatter of site AgHb-446 (P83)................................................................................................... 110 Plate 73: Artifact scatter of site AgHb-413 and AgHb-445 (P81) and findspot P82.................................................... 111 Plate 74: Looking south at driveway leading to farm complex in the vicinity of site AgHb-417 ................................. 111 Plate 75: Looking south at area test pitted around outbuilding in the vicinity of site AgHb-417................................ 111 Plate 76: Looking south along back of outbuilding at grassed area test pitted in the vicinity of AgHb-417 ............... 111 Plate 77: Soil profile of test pit at site AgHb-417.................................................................................................... 112 Plate 78: Grassed area around silo where test pit survey was conducted in the vicinity of site AgHb-416 ................ 112 Plate 79: Grassed area around demolished house where test pit survey was conducted......................................... 112 Plate 80: View of demolished house in vicinity of site AgHb-416 ........................................................................... 112 Plate 81: Soil profile of test pit at site AgHb-416 ................................................................................................... 113 Plate 82: Looking northeast at the location of AgHb-416. ...................................................................................... 113 Plate 83: Field crew conducting pedestrian survey around the location of findspot P56.......................................... 113 Plate 84: Looking west at the location of findspot P60.......................................................................................... 113 Plate 85: Conditions of pedestrian survey in sloping ploughed field, looking northwest......................................... 114 Plate 86: Field crew conducting a pedestrian survey of ploughed land. Looking south at the location of the site AgHb-

436 (P41).................................................................................................................................................... 114 Plate 87: Conditions of pedestrian survey of ploughed land. Looking south at the location of the sites AgHb-435 (P40)

and AgHb-434 (P39).................................................................................................................................... 114 Plate 88: Looking north at location of P63 on top of gently sloping ploughed area. ................................................ 114 Plate 89: Looking northwest at the location of site AgHb-432 (P32). ...................................................................... 115 Plate 90: Looking southwest at the location of site AgHb-430 (P28) and findspots P29 and P30. ............................ 115 Plate 91: Looking northeast at the location of site AgHb-430 (P28) and findspot P30.............................................. 115 Plate 92: Looking north at the location of site AgHb-433 (P33) and findspots P34 and P38. .................................... 115 Plate 93: Looking north at the location of findspot P20. ........................................................................................ 116 Plate 94: Looking north at the location of findspots P16, P22 and P24................................................................... 116 Plate 95: Looking south at the location of findspot P147. ...................................................................................... 116 Plate 96: Conditions for the pedestrian survey in the southern portion of the study area. Looking across site AgHb-

423 (P9). .................................................................................................................................................... 116 Plate 97: Looking south across findspots P114 and P115. ...................................................................................... 117 Plate 98: Looking northeast across site AgHb-464 (P125) and findspot P133.......................................................... 117 Plate 99: Looking southeast towards site AgHb-463 (P122). .................................................................................. 117 Plate 100: Looking northwest from the southern boundary of the study area across site AgHb-462 (P120). ............. 117 Plate 101: Looking northeast from the southern boundary of the study area across findspot (P119)......................... 118 Plate 102: Looking across the location of site AgHb-455 (P101).............................................................................. 118 Plate 103: Conditions for the pedestrian survey within ploughed land in the southeast corner of the study area. .... 118


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1.0 INTRODUCTION

Archaeological Services Inc. was retained by Walton Development and Management of Toronto, Ontario to undertake a Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment of Tutela Heights Phase 1, Stuart & Ruggles Tract, in the County of Brant, Township of Brantford, Ontario. The study area encompasses 37.25 hectares and is located on the west side of the Grand River, south side of Tutela Heights Road, west of Davern Road, east of Rue Chatueax Terrace and north of Phelps Road (Figure 1). This assessment was conducted under the project direction of Ms. Debbie Steiss, under professional archaeological license P049 (MTC CIF P049-512-2010) issued to Ms. Steiss in accordance with the Ontario Heritage Act (R.S.O. 1990 and 2005). The field assessment was conducted under the direction of Mr. Robert Wojtowicz. Ms. Beverly Garner was the project manager. Permission to access the subject lands was granted by Walton Development and Management of Toronto in April, 2010.

Figure 1: The location of the subject lands. NTS Sheet Markham 30 M/14, 1994


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2.0 STAGE 1 BACKGROUND RESEARCH

A Stage 1 archaeological assessment involves research to describe the known and potential archaeological resources within the vicinity of a study area. The background research for such an assessment incorporates a review of previous archaeological research, physiography, and nineteenth and twentieth-century development for the study area. Background research was completed to identify any archaeological sites in the study area and to assess its archaeological potential.

2.1 Previous Archaeological Research

In order that an inventory of archaeological resources could be compiled for the study area, three sources of information were consulted: site record forms for registered sites housed at the Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MTC); published and unpublished documentary sources, and the files of Archaeological Services Inc. In Ontario, information concerning archaeological sites is stored in the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database (O.A.S.D.), a database maintained by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture. This database contains archaeological sites registered within the Borden system. Under the Borden system, Canada has been divided into grid blocks based on latitude and longitude. A Borden block is approximately 13 kilometres east to west, and approximately 18.5 kilometres north to south. Each Borden block is referenced by a four-letter designator, and sites within a block are numbered sequentially as they are found. The study area is located in Borden Block AgHb. No archaeological sites have been registered within the subject property; however, 18 sites have been registered within a one kilometre radius of the property. The information available about these sites has been summarized in Table 1. The cultural/temporal categories of Southern Ontario are outlined in Table 2.

Table 1: Registered Archaeological Sites Within One Kilometre

Borden Site Name Cultural/Temporal Affiliation Site Type Researcher

AgHb-6 Tutela Princess Point Unknown D. Stothers

AgHb-266 Ruijis & Kirchberger

Late Archaic, Early Woodland, Middle Woodland

Lithic scatter P. Timmins, TMHC*

AgHb-222 Prehistoric Campsite D. Poulton

AgHb-223 Meadowood, Early Woodland Campsite D. Poulton

AgHb-224 Prehistoric Lithic scatter, Campsite D. Poulton

AgHb-225 Late Archaic Lithic scatter, Campsite D. Poulton

AgHb-245 Late Archaic Lithic scatter D. Poulton

AgHb-246 Prehistoric Campsite D. Poulton

AgHb-247 Middle Archaic, Laurentian Campsite D. Poulton

AgHb-264 Late Archaic, Early-Middle Woodland

Findspot P. Timmins, TMHC*

AgHb-265 Prehistoric Unknown P. Timmins, TMHC*

AgHb-282 Precontant/Historic Unknown H. Martelle, TMHC*

AgHb-283 Precontact/Historic Homestead H. Martelle, TMHC*

AgHb-350 Middle Archaic Findspot P. Timmins, TMHC*

AgHb-351 Late Archaic Findspot P. Timmins, TMHC*


AgHb-353 Precontact Findspot P. Timmins, TMHC*


* TMHC – Timmins Martelle Heritage Consultants Inc.


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Table 2: Outline of Southern Ontario Prehistory

Period Archaeological Material Culture Date Range Lifeways/Attributes

PALEO-INDIAN Early Gainey, Barnes, Crowfield 9000 - 8500 BC Big game hunters Late Holcombe, Hi-Lo, lanceolate 8500 - 7500 BC Small nomadic groups

ARCHAIC Early Nettling, Bifurcate-base 7800 - 6000 BC Nomadic hunters and gatherers Middle Kirk, Stanly, Brewerton, Laurentian 6000 - 2000 BC Transition to territorial settlements Late Lamoka, Genesee, Crawford Knoll, Innes 2500 - 500 BC Polished/ground stone tools

(small stemmed) WOODLAND

Early Meadowood 800 - 400 BC Introduction of pottery Middle Point Peninsula, Saugeen 400 BC - AD 800 Incipient horticulture Late Algonkian, Iroquoian AD 800 - 1300 Transition to village life and agriculture Algonkian, Iroquoian AD 1300 - 1400 Establishment of large palisade villages Algonkian, Iroquoian AD 1400 - 1600 Tribal differentiation and warfare

HISTORIC Early Huron, Neutral, Petun, Odawa, Ojibwa AD 1600 - 1650 Tribal displacements Late Six Nations Iroquois, Ojibwa AD 1650 - 1800's Euro/Canadian AD 1800 - present European settlement

2.2 Physiography and Assessment of Pre-Contact Potential

The study area is situated within the Norfolk Sand Plain physiographic region of southern Ontario. The sands and silts that characterize the region were deposited as a delta within glacial Lakes Whittlesey and Warren (Chapman and Putnam 1984:153-156). Soils in the vicinity include Wilsonville, Fox and Caledon, all of which are well-drained soils from sandy parent material (Ontario Soil Survey n.d.).

The local topography is complex due to the presence of numerous small tributaries which have dissected the Grand River flood plain. The Grand River watershed has long been recognized as an area that is exceptionally rich in archaeological remains dating back 11,000 years ago and continues to the present (ASI 1997). Due to the diversity and richness of its natural environment, the region in which the study area lies has attracted human habitation from the time of human’s first entrance into Ontario (ASI 1997).

Potable water is the single most important resource necessary for any extended human occupation or settlement. Since water sources have remained relatively stable in south-central Ontario after the Pleistocene era, proximity to water can be regarded as a useful index for the evaluation of archaeological site potential. Indeed, distance from water has been one of the most commonly used variables for predictive modeling of site location. Peoples would have been attracted to the creeks and water of the Grand River, especially during the spring, by the abundance of fish, as well as by other important aquatic resources. The MTC’s Draft Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (2009:5) stipulates that primary water sources (lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, etc.), secondary water sources (intermittent streams and creeks, springs, marshes, swamps, etc.), ancient water sources (glacial lake shorelines indicated by the presence of raised sand or gravel beach ridges, relic river or stream channels indicated by clear dip or swale in the topography, shorelines of drained lakes or marshes, cobble beaches, etc.), as well as accessible or inaccessible shorelines (high bluffs, swamp or marsh fields by the edge of a lake, sandbars stretching into marsh, etc.) are characteristics that indicate archaeological potential. The study area is comprised of lands adjacent to the Grand River with several tributaries running across it.


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Other geographic characteristics that can indicate archaeological potential include: elevated topography (eskers, drumlins, large knolls, plateaux), pockets of well-drained sandy soil, especially near areas of heavy soil or rocky ground, distinctive land formations that might have been special or spiritual places, such as waterfalls, rock outcrops, caverns, mounds, and promontories and their bases. Resource areas are also considered to be characteristics that indicate archaeological potential (MTC 2009:5-6). Therefore, due to the proximity of a primary water source as well as topographic features conducive to site location, it may be concluded that there is potential for the recovery of archaeological remains within the study area depending on the degree of previous land disturbance.

2.3 Assessment of Historic Archaeological Potential: Summary Review of Historical Mapping

The 1858 Tremaine Map of the County of Brant and the 1875 Illustrated Historical Atlas for Brant County were reviewed to determine the potential for finding historic archaeological remains within the study area. The study area is located within the former Township of Brantford, County of Brant and comprises of the Stuart & Ruggles Tract. The 1858 Tremaine Map of the County of Brant illustrates the west half of the study area as owned by Mr. R. Brooks and the east half as owned by Mr. E. Blacker. A small portion of the study area also extends into the southern most part of the adjacent property owned by Mr. J. Stewart. There are no structures illustrated within the study area. The study area fronts a historic transportation route of present day Tutela Heights Road.

Figure 2: The study area superimposed on the 1858 Tremaine Map of the County of Brant.


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The 1875 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Brant County indicates that the region had become more heavily settled by this time. The west half of the study area has been divided into two properties owned by Mr. W. Brooks and Mr. T Brooks. A homestead and orchard are illustrated on both Brooks’ properties in the northern portion of the property south of the road. The eastern portion of the study area remained under the ownership of Mr. E. Blacker. A house and orchard are illustrated in the northern portion of the property south of the road. At this time, a small portion of the study area still extended into Mr. Stewart property. It should be noted that not all features of interest were mapped systematically in the 1858 Tremaine Map and the 1875 Atlas, given that they were financed by subscription, and subscribers were given preference with regard to the level of detail provided on the maps. Moreover, not every feature of interest would have been within the scope of this atlas. Nevertheless, for the Euro-Canadian period, the majority of early nineteenth century farmsteads (i.e., those which are arguably the most potentially significant resources and whose locations are rarely recorded on nineteenth century maps) are likely to be captured by the basic proximity to the water model outlined above, since these occupations were subject to similar environmental constraints. An added factor is the development of the network of concession roads through the course of the nineteenth century. Accordingly, undisturbed lands within 100 metres of the early settlement roads may also be considered to have potential for the presence of Euro-Canadian archaeological sites, including the east-west roadway extending through the study area (modern day Tutela Height Road). The MTC’s Draft Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (2009:6) stipulates that areas of early Euro-Canadian settlement (pioneer homesteads, isolated cabins, farmstead complexes), early wharf or dock complexes, pioneer churches and early cemeteries, are considered to have archaeological potential. There may be commemorative markers of their history, such as local, provincial, or federal monuments or heritage parks. Early historical transportation routes (trails, passes, roads, railways, portage routes), properties listed on a municipal register or designated under the Ontario Heritage Act or a federal, provincial, or municipal historic landmark or site, and properties that local histories or informants have identified with possible archaeological sites, historical events, activities, or occupations are also considered to have archaeological potential. Thus, based on the subject land’s location adjacent to a historic transportation route, proximity to the Grand River and the historical farmsteads, there is potential for the identification of historical archaeological remains within the study area.

Figure 3: The study area superimposed on the 1875 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Brant County.


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3.0 STAGE 2 FIELD ASSESSMENT

The Stage 2 field assessment was carried out in order to inventory, identify and describe any archaeological resources extant on the subject property prior to development. The survey was conducted under the field direction of Mr. Robert Wojtowicz. The weather for the field days is summarized in Table 3.

Table 3: Weather Conditions for the Stage 2 Field Assessment Date of Field Work Weather Conditions May 25

th, 2010 hot and clear

May 31st

, 2010 hot with a mix of sun and clouds June 1

st, 2010 warm and clear

June 2nd

, 2010 mild with a mix of sun and clouds June 4

th, 2010 mild and overcast

June 7th

, 2010 mild and clear June 8

th, 2010 mild and clear

June 10th

, 2010 overcast and light rain June 11

th, 2010 mild and overcast

June 12th

, 2010 mild with a mix of sun and clouds

The property comprises very undulating land. The majority of the land is cultivated agricultural fields (Plates 51 and 52), with fields divided by woodlots or lands covered by heavy vegetation (Plate 69). As a result of the varieties in vegetation cover, survey strategies varied accordingly. Field observations have been compiled on project mapping for the study area (Figures 4-6).

Test Pit Survey

Areas of potential within woodlots or other lands covered by heavy vegetation were test pitted at five metre intervals (Plates 1-4, 32-33, and 37-45). Each test pit was hand excavated into subsoil and all of the topsoil was screened through six millimetre screen to facilitate artifact recovery. Upon completion, all of the test pits were backfilled. Test pits excavated within the fallow field south of Rue Chatueax Terrace (Plates 47-49), revealed both disturbed and undisturbed soil profiles (Plate 50). The topsoil encountered consisted of dark reddish brown clay loam while the subsoil, consisted of light reddish brown clay. Test pits ranged in depth from 24 cm to 48 cm. Throughout this area, mottled soils were noted and the excavation of three test pits ceased due to the watertable. No artifacts were recovered in this area. The farm complex, located on Tutela Heights Road, was also subject to test pit survey at five metre intervals (Plates 68-69 and 72-74). Several piles of building rubble and modern garbage have been deposited randomly throughout the farm complex (Plates 76-80). The complex features a modern brick house, a barn, three outbuildings, one demolished house/outbuilding foundation and a cement silo surrounded by a lawn area. Within the lawn around the modern house, soil profiles were a dark reddish brown clayey loam topsoil (25 cm deep on average) over light reddish brown clay (43 cm deep on average). Twelve positive test pits were excavated within this area (AgHb-416) which will be discussed in Section 3.1. Test pit excavations within the lawn around the northern edge of the barn (Plates 72-75), revealed soil profiles were layered with dark reddish brown clayey loam topsoil (26 cm deep on average) over light reddish brown


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clay (29 cm deep on average). Twelve positive test pits were excavated within this area (AgHb-417) which will be discussed in Section 3.1.

Pedestrian Survey

The balance of the study area consists of open agricultural lands (Plates 5-9). These lands had been ploughed and well weathered, and were subjected to a pedestrian survey at five metre intervals. The soils encountered in these fields consist of a clayey loam soil.

TEST PIT SURVEY AT 5 m INTERVALS

DIRECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES

STUDY AREA BOUNDARY PEDESTRIAN SURVEY AT 5 m INTERVALS

PRECONTACT SITE

HISTORIC SITE

PRECONTACT/HISTORIC FINDSPOT

Figure 4: Stage 2 Field Survey of Tutela Height Phase 1, City of Brantford.

DATE: July 23,2010ASI PROJECT NO.: 10TS-32 DRAWN BY: AC

FILE: 10TS-32 Figure 4

BASE:

SCALE

LEGEND

528 Bathurst St.Toronto, OntarioCanada, M5S 2P9

T 416-966-1069F 416-966-9723

[email protected]/www.iAS±.to

0 100mDRAFT PLAN OF PROPOSED SUBDIVISION PART OF THESTEWART AND RUGGLES TRACT, (GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF BRANTFORD)COUNTY OF BRANTDESIGN PLAN SERVICES INC.JULY 15TH, 2010

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TEST PIT SURVEY AT 5 m INTERVALS

DIRECTION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES

STUDY AREA BOUNDARY PEDESTRIAN SURVEY AT 5 m INTERVALS

PRECONTACT SITE

HISTORIC SITE

PRECONTACT/HISTORIC FINDSPOT

Figure 5: Stage 2 Field Survey of Tutela Height Phase 1, City of Brantford - Detail of Sites.

DATE: July 23,2010ASI PROJECT NO.: 10TS-32 DRAWN BY: AC

FILE: 10TS-32 Figure 4

BASE:

SCALE

LEGEND

528 Bathurst St.Toronto, OntarioCanada, M5S 2P9

T 416-966-1069F 416-966-9723

[email protected]/www.iAS±.to

0 100mDRAFT PLAN OF PROPOSED SUBDIVISION PART OF THESTEWART AND RUGGLES TRACT, (GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF BRANTFORD)COUNTY OF BRANTDESIGN PLAN SERVICES INC.JULY 15TH, 2010

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3.1 Results of the Field Assessment

During the course of the Stage 2 survey, three historical sites, one historic industrial site, one possible historic Aboriginal site, two historical findspots, 59 pre-contact sites and 85 pre-contact findspots were encountered (Figure 3). The sites and findspots are summarized in Table 4 below. The sites have been registered in the Ontario Archaeological Sites Database (OASD).

Table 4: Sites and Findspots encountered during the Stage 2 Assessment of Tutela Heights Phase 1 Site or Findspot Cultural Affiliation Type Coordinate [NAD 27]

Pre-contact

P1 (AgHb-418) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558877 4772040 P2 (AgHb-419) Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558853 4772000 P3 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558819 4772733 P4 (AgHb-420) Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558765 4772708 P5 (AgHb-421) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558780 4772907 P6 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558734 4772846 P7 (AgHb-422) Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558811 4772789 P8 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558730 4772000 P9 (AgHb-423) Pre-contact Late Archaic lithic scatter 17T 0558835 4772521 P10 Pre-contact Lithic scatter 17T 0558849 4772494 P11 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558808 4772654 P12 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558818 4772675 P13 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558837 4772676 P14 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558831 4772684 P15 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558856 4772666 P16 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558860 4772634 P17 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558856 4772745 P18 (AgHb-424) Pre-contact Middle Archaic lithic scatter 17T 0558863 4772716 P19 (AgHb-425) Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558889 4772755 P20 (AgHb-426) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558886 4772696 P21 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558886 4772637 P22 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558867 4772617 P23 (AgHb-427) Pre-contact Late Archaic lithic scatter 17T 0558903 4772666 P24 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558862 4772604 P25 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558882 4772632 P26 (AgHb-428) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558931 4772640 P27 (AgHb-429) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558937 4772658 P28 (AgHb-430) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558943 4772682 P29 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558961 4772687 P30 (AgHb-431) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558938 4772700 P31 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558952 4772708 P32 (AgHb-432) Pre-contact Middle Archaic lithic scatter 17T 0558969 4772732 P33 (AgHb-433) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558905 4772711 P34 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558934 4772775 P35 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558946 4772730 P36 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558934 4772736 P37 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558919 4772734 P38 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558902 4772728 P39 (AgHb-434) Pre-contact Late Archaic lithic scatter 17T 0558937 4772756 P40 (AgHb-435) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558928 4772764 P41 (AgHb-436) Pre-contact Late Archaic lithic scatter 17T 0558911 4772778 P42 (AgHb-437) Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558903 4772766 P43 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558890 4772720 P44 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558882 4772765


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Table 4: Sites and Findspots encountered during the Stage 2 Assessment of Tutela Heights Phase 1 Site or Findspot Cultural Affiliation Type Coordinate [NAD 27] P45 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558873 4772765 P47 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558859 4772760 P48 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558861 4772762 P49 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558866 4772795 P50 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558874 4772810 P51 (AgHb-438) Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558884 4772802 P52 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558878 4772820 P53 (AgHb-439) Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558886 4772794 P54 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558983 4772941 P55 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558966 4772950 P56 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558974 4772992 P57 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558963 4772839 P58 (AgHb-440) Pre-contact Middle Archaic lithic scatter 17T 0558979 47728220 P59 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559013 4772824 P60 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558979 4772896 P61 (AgHb-441) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559055 4773027 P62 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559067 4773062 P63 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559033 4772723 P64 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 05590114 772595 P65 (AgHb-442) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559149 4772814 P66 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559139 4772761 P67 (AgHb-443) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559119 4773037 P68 (AgHb-444) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559094 4773022 P69 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559073 4773022 P70 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559095 4773010 P71 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559081 4772995 P72 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559117 4773014 P73 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559117 4772989 P74 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559122 4772995 P75 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559125 4772988 P76 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559063 4772939 P77 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559060 4772947 P78 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559076 4772975 P79 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559080 4772967 P80 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559078 4772984 P81 (AgHb-445) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559090 4772967 P82 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559087 4772943 P83 (AgHb-446) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559109 4772940 P84 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559198 4772965 P85 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559214 4772966 P86 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559229 4772965 P87 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559225 4772971 P88 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559209 4772941 P89 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559201 4772933 P90 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559199 4772917 P91 (AgHb-447) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559186 4772905 P92 (AgHb-448) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559210 4772918 P93 (AgHb-449) Pre-contact Late Woodland 17T 0559175 4772876 P94 (AgHb-450) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559186 4772862 P95 (AgHb-451) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559095 4772184 P96 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559075 4772189 P97 (AgHb-452) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559080 4772175 P98 (AgHb-453) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0559048 4772175 P99 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559014 4772223


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Table 4: Sites and Findspots encountered during the Stage 2 Assessment of Tutela Heights Phase 1 Site or Findspot Cultural Affiliation Type Coordinate [NAD 27] P100 (AgHb-454) Pre-contact Early Woodland Isolated

findspot 17T 0558942 4772238

P101 (AgHb-455) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558867 4772275 P102 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558878 4772313 P103 (AgHb-456) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558877 4772327 P104 (AgHb-457) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558907 4772354 P105 (AgHb-458) Pre-contact Middle Archaic lithic scatter 17T 0558877 4772379 P106 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558854 4772419 P108 (AgHb-459) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558959 4772553 P109 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558947 4772557 P110 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558935 4772549 P111 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558992 4772506 P112 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558989 4772500 P113 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0559004 4772492 P114 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558984 4772484 P115 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558977 4772475 P116 (AgHb-460) Pre-contact Middle Archaic 17T 0558960 4772447 P117 (AgHb-461) Pre-contact Early Archaic to Meadowood

lithic scatter 17T 0558927 4772504

P118 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558951 4772495 P119 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558734 4772246 P120 (AgHb-462) Pre-contact Early Woodland 17T 0558723 4772249 P122 (AgHb-463) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558698 4772323 P123 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558728 4772337 P124 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558727 4772459 P125 (AgHb-464) Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558768 4772469 P126 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558781 4772687 P127 (AgHb-465) Pre-contact Late Archaic lithic scatter 17T 0558810 4772646 P128 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558798 4772639 P129 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558826 4772487 P130 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558805 4772509 P131 (AgHb-466) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558801 4772441 P132 (AgHb-467) Pre-contact Middle Woodland 17T 0558794 4772422 P133 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558763 4772495 P134 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558699 4772481 P135 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558675 4772425 P136 (AgHb-468) Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558641 4772452 P137 (AgHb-469) Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558623 4772375 P138 (AgHb-470) Pre-contact lithic scatter 17T 0558580 4772317 P139 (AgHb-471) Pre-contact Early to Middle Archaic 17T 0558560 4772309 P140 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558553 4772320 P141 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558534 4772316 P142 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558531 4772328 P143 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558546 4772364 P144 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558531 4772379 P145 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558547 4772434 P146 Pre-contact Isolated findspot 17T 0558614 4772589 P147 (AgHb-472) Pre-contact Late Archaic lithic scatter 17T 0558878 4772549 P148 (AgHb-473) Pre-contact Late Woodland Isolated

findspot 17T 0558998 4772599

Historic

H1 Historic Euro-Canadian Isolated findspot 17T 0558994 4772808 H2 (AgHb-413) Historic Euro-Canadian Possibly Historic Aboriginal 17T 0559098 4772951


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Table 4: Sites and Findspots encountered during the Stage 2 Assessment of Tutela Heights Phase 1 Site or Findspot Cultural Affiliation Type Coordinate [NAD 27] H3 Historic Euro-Canadian Isolated findspot 17T 0558943 4772251 H4 (AgHb-414) Historic Euro-Canadian Possible homestead 17T 0558805 4772476 Blacker's Brickworks (AgHb-415)

Historic Euro-Canadian Industrial site 17T 0559009 4772531

H5 (AgHb-416) Historic Euro-Canadian Possible homestead 17T 0559175 4772841 H6 (AgHb-417) Historic Euro-Canadian Possible homestead 17T 0559109 4772900

3.1.2 Pre-Contact Sites and Findspots

A pre-contact site is distinguished from a findspot by either the quantity of material encountered (>3 artifacts) or by the presence of a formal tool or diagnostic artifact such as a projectile point. A historical site is evaluated based on the quantity of the material encountered (>20 artifacts) and the presence of diagnostic artifacts, such as refined white earthenware with an identifiable motif. Dates for pre-contact sites are determined by the form of the diagnostic lithics and pottery encountered and the archaeological culture to which they pertain (Table 1).

AgHb-418 – P1

Site AgHb-418 was encountered during pedestrian survey of an area of flat ploughed field overlooking a low wet area with a seasonal stream, southeast of the end of Rue Chateaux Terrace. This site is directly south of the SWM pond for the neighbouring subdivision. The lithic scatter extended approximately 18 m north-south and 29 m east-west. A total of 26 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of eight artifacts was collected from the site (Table 5). The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake manufactured from Lockport chert, one primary thinning flake, one secondary knapping flake and one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert, and one oval mid-stage biface fragment manufactured from Haldimand chert (Table 5, Plate 1). The biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 41 mm; width, 26 mm; and thickness, 9 mm. These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558877 4772040 [NAD 27] for AgHb-418 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-418 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Table 5: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-418

Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material L

(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments

L1 1 Surface Primary thinning flake Onondaga utiliz. on distal margin?

L2 1 Surface Primary thinning flake Lockport

L3 4 Surface Secondary knapping flakes Onondaga

L4 1 Surface Shatter Onondaga

L5 1 Surface Biface Haldimand 41 26 9 middle stage biface, oval-shaped

Plate 1: Biface (Cat.#L5) from AhGb-418 (P1)


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AgHb-419 – P2

Findspot P2 was encountered on a gently to steeply sloped ploughed surface, adjacent to a low wet area with a seasonal stream. The find consists of one isolated Onondaga chert biface fragment (Table 6). It has the following dimensions: length, 17 mm; width, 11 mm; and thickness, 3 mm. This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558853 4772000 [NAD 27] for AgHb-419 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.

Table 6: Artifact Catalogue for P2

Cat. # Qty Sub-

Operation Artifact Type Material

L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Thermal Alt.

Comments

L1 1 Surface Biface fragment Onondaga 17 11 3 Yes small

P3

Findspot P3 was encountered on a gently sloped ploughed surface, adjacent to a low wet area with a seasonal stream. The find consists of one piece of Onondaga chert shatter (Table 7). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558819 4772733 [NAD 27] for P3 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material


AgHb-420 – P4

Findspot P4 was encountered on a gently sloped to relatively flat ploughed surface, adjacent to a low wet area with a seasonal stream (Plate 54). The find consists of one medial portion projectile point fragment (Table 8, Plate 2). Manufactured from Onondaga chert, this point has the following dimensions: length, 23 mm; width, 22 mm; and thickness, 5 mm. Due to the fragmentary nature of this artifact, any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation can not be determined. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558765 4772708 [NAD 27] for P4 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.

Plate 2: Projectile point fragment (Cat.#L1) from AgHb-420 (P4)


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Cat. # Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Comments

L1 1 Surface Projectile Point Fragment

Onondaga 23 22 5 shallow notched projectile point base fragment, snapped at base

AgHb-421 – P5

Site AgHb-421 was encountered on relatively flat ploughed surface, adjacent to a low wet area with a seasonal stream (Plate 51). The lithic scatter extended approximately 30 m north-south and 17 m east-west. A total of 24 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of six artifacts was collected from the site (Table 9). The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake, one secondary knapping flake and one piece of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert and one biface fragment manufactured from Bois Blanc chert (Table 9, Plate 3). The biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 33 mm; width, 12 mm; and thickness, 8 mm. These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558780 4772907 [NAD 27] for P5 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-421 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material L

(mm) W

(mm) T (mm) Comments

L1 1 Surface Primary thinning flake

Onondaga

L2 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake

Onondaga


L4 1 Surface Biface fragment Bois Blanc 33 12 8 biface edge fragment

P6

Findspot P6 was encountered on a gently sloped ploughed surface. The find consists of one Onondaga chert secondary knapping flake (Table 10). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558734 4772846 [NAD 27] for P6 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.

Plate 3: Biface fragment (Cat.#L4) from AgHb-421 (P5)


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Table 10: Artifact catalogue for P6


L1 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Onondaga

AgHb-422 – P7

Findspot P7 was encountered on a gently sloped, ploughed surface, adjacent to a low wet area with a seasonal stream. The find consists of one isolated Early Woodland Meadowood period biface fragment with steep retouch along its proximal end evidencing possible use as a scraping edge (Table 11, Plate 4). Manufactured from Onondaga chert, this biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 28 mm; width, 22 mm; and thickness, 5 mm. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558811 4772789 [NAD 27] for AgHb-422 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-

Operation Artifact

Type Material

L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch/ Utilized

Comments

L1 1 Surface Biface fragment

Onondaga 28 22 5 Yes thin Early Woodland Meadowood biface fragment steep retouch at proximal end forming scraper edge

P8

Findspot P8 was encountered on a gently sloped, ploughed surface. The find consists of one Selkirk chert secondary knapping flake (Table 12). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558730 4772000 [NAD 27] for P8 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.



L1 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Selkirk



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AgHb-423 – P9

Site AgHb-423 was encountered on a relatively flat, ploughed surface, adjacent to a low wet area with a seasonal stream (Plate 82). The lithic scatter extended approximately 47 m north-south and 22 m east-west. A total of 16 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of eight artifacts was collected from the site (Table 13). The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake, two secondary knapping flakes and two pieces of shatter, one complete biface, one incomplete biface fragment and one projectile point fragment (Table 13, Plate 5). All artifacts are manufactured from Onondaga chert. The complete biface (Cat.#H6) is mid-stage in production and has the following dimensions: length, 33 mm; width, 37 mm; and thickness, 10 mm. The incomplete biface (Cat.#L4) is a thin Early Woodland Meadowood (ca. 800-300 B.C.) biface base fragment with retouch along its proximal end. It has the following dimensions: length, 30 mm; width, 24 mm; and thickness, 4 mm. The base and medial portion of the possible Late Archaic (ca. 2,500-1,000 B.C.) corner-notched projectile point has the following dimensions: length, 26 mm; width, 22 mm; thickness, 6 mm; notch width, 4 mm and notch depth, 3 mm. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558835 4772521 [NAD 27] for P9 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-423 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Plate 5: Late Archaic (ca. 2,500-1,000 B.C.) projectile point fragment (Cat.#L5) and biface fragments (Cat.#L6 and Cat.#L4) from AgHb-423 (P9)


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Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation

Artifact Type Material L

(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Thermal

Alt. #

Altered Comments


Onondaga

L2 2 Surface Secondary knapping flakes

Onondaga

L3 2 Surface Shatter Onondaga Yes 1


Onondaga 30 24 4 thin Early Woodland Meadowood biface base frag., retouched atproximal end

L5 1 Surface Projectile point fragment

Onondaga 26 22 6 basal portion of small, thick prob. Late Archaic corner-notched pt., notch w=4; d=3mm

L6 1 Surface Biface Onondaga 33 37 10 middle stage biface

AgHb-474 – P10

AgHb-474 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface, adjacent to a low wet area with a seasonal stream. P10 is approximately 34 m of southeast of P9. The lithic scatter extended approximately 11 m north-south and 9 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of three secondary knapping flakes and two pieces of shatter (Table 14). All artifacts are manufactured from Onondaga chert. These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558849 4772494 [NAD 27] for AgHb-474 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the number of artifacts recovered from this locale and their relatively focussed distribution, it is recommended that the site be revisited. If additional artifacts are encountered, the find spot should be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.




Onondaga


P11

Findspot P11 was encountered on a gently sloped ploughed surface, adjacent to a low wet area with a seasonal stream (Plate 58). The find consists of one Onondaga chert secondary knapping flake (Table 15). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558808 4772654 [NAD 27] for P11 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


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P12

Findspot P12 was encountered on a gently sloped ploughed surface. The find consists of one Onondaga chert secondary knapping flake (Table 16). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558818 4772675 [NAD 27] for P12 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P13

Findspot P13 was encountered on a gently sloped ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake, one secondary knapping flake and one piece of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 17). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558837 4772676 [NAD 27] for P13 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field examined surveyed a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.



L1 1 Surface Primary thinning flake Onondaga



P14

Findspot P14 was encountered on a gently sloped ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 18). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558831 4772684 [NAD 27] for P14 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.





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AgHb-475 – P15

Site AgHb-475 was encountered on a gently sloped ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 16 m north-south and 18 m east-west. A total of 10 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of five artifacts was collected from the site (Table 19). The artifact assemblage consists of three secondary knapping flakes and two pieces of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 19). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558856 4772666 [NAD 27] for AgHb-475 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this site.





P16

Findspot P16 was encountered on a gently sloped ploughed surface (Plate 92). The artifact assemblage consists of two secondary knapping flakes manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 20). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558860 4772634 [NAD 27] for P16 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifacts, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P17 Findspot P17 was encountered on a gently sloped ploughed surface. The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 21). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558856 4772745 [NAD 27] for P17 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field examined surveyed a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




AgHb-424 – P18 Site AgHb-424 was encountered on relatively flat ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 62 m north-south and 53 m east-west. A total of 78 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of 19 artifacts was collected from the site (Table 22). The artifact assemblage consists of one primary reduction flake, one primary thinning flake, seven secondary knapping flakes, three pieces of shatter, two projectile point fragments, two complete projectile points, one scraper, one biface fragment and one


Page 21

anvil/hammerstone (Table 22, Plate 6). Raw materials present in this artifact assemblage include: Onondaga chert, Kettle Point, Lockport and Blois Blanc chert, as well as Chalcedony. One projectile point is manufactured from slate and one secondary knapping flake is manufactured from an unknown chert. The first complete projectile point (Cat.#L10) is a Middle Archaic corner-notched Brewerton point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.) manufactured from Onondaga chert, and has the following dimensions: total point length, 33 mm; width, 33 mm; and thickness, 8 mm. The second complete projectile point (Cat.#L11) is a Middle Archaic corner-notched Brewerton point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.) manufactured from slate, and has the following dimensions: total point length, 43 mm; blade width, 31 mm; blade thickness, 7 mm, notch width, 9 mm; notch depth, 7 mm; and base width, 28 mm. The blade of this point has been retouched to a slightly serrated edge. The first incomplete projectile point is a tip fragment, manufactured from Onondaga chert and has the following dimensions: length, 19 mm; width, 11 mm; and thickness, 3 mm (Cat.#L9). The second projectile point fragment is a Late Archaic Innes point (ca. 1,500 B.C.), missing its tip and manufactured from Kettle Point chert (Cat.#L12). It has the following dimensions: length, 27 mm; blade width, 23 mm; thickness, 5 mm; base width, 13 mm and base length, 10 mm. The scraper, manufactured from Chalcedony and fashioned from a piece of shatter, has pronounced steep retouch along its working edge and has the following dimensions: length, 19 mm; width, 25 mm; and thickness, 6 mm (Cat.#L13). The biface fragment (Cat.#L15) is manufactured from Bois Blanc and has the following dimensions: length, 18 mm; width, 14 mm; and thickness, 6 mm. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558863 4772716 [NAD 27] for P9 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-424 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Plate 6: Scraper (Cat.#L13), secondary knapping flake (Cat.#L14), shatter (Cat.#L6), primary reduction flake (Cat.#L1), Middle Archaic corner-notched Brewerton point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.; Cat.#L11), Middle Archaic corner-notched Brewerton point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.; Cat.#L10), Late Archaic Innes point (ca. 1,500 B.C.; Cat.#L12), and projectile point fragment (Cat.#L9) from AgHb-424 (P18).


Page 22


Cat. # Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch/ Utilized

Comments

L1 1 Surface Primary reduction flake

Kettle Point


Onondaga


Onondaga


Chalcedony


L6 1 Surface Shatter Lockport


Onondaga Yes concave, lateral retouch

L8 1 Surface Shatter Lockport Yes distal flake frag. w ret./ utiliz. on distal margin


Onondaga 19 11 3 tip only frag.

L10 1 Surface Projectile point Onondaga 33 33 8 squat Middle Archaic corner-notched Brewerton pt.

L11 1 Surface Projectile point Slate 43 31 7 squat Middle Archaic corner-notched Brewerton pt. , reworked blade, notch w=9, d=7mm; base w= 28mm


Kettle Point 27 23 5 stemmed pt. missing tip, prob. Late Archaic Innes pt., base w=13; L=10mm

L13 1 Surface Scraper Chalcedony 19 25 6 Yes shatter w steep, pronounced retouch


Unknown Fossil Hill?

L15 1 Surface Biface fragment Bois Blanc 18 14 6 frag. from a biface?

G1 1 Surface anvil stone/hammer stone

indeterminate sedimentary rock

two areas of pitting on one face

P19 Findspot P19 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 23). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558889 4772755 [NAD 27] for P19 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.





Page 23

AgHb-426 – P20

Site AgHb-426 was encountered on relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 90). The lithic scatter extended approximately 17 m north-south and 11 m east-west. A total of 13 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of six artifacts was collected from the site (Table 24). The artifact assemblage consists of one Onondaga chert secondary knapping flake, one Kettle Point chert secondary knapping flake, one complete Kettle Point chert biface, one incomplete Onondaga chert biface fragment, and two pieces of Onondaga chert shatter (Table 24, Plate 7). The complete biface has the following dimensions: length, 41 mm; width, 31 mm; and thickness, 12 mm (Cat.#L4). It is possible that the multiple tips present along the distal end of the piece were utilized as graver tips. The biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 35 mm; width, 26 mm; and thickness, 6 mm (Cat.#L5). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558886 4772696 [NAD 27] for P9 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-426 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. # Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Thermal Alt. #

Altered Comments


Onondaga



Kettle Point

L4 1 Surface Biface Kettle Point 41 31 12 incomplete bifacial flaking, cortex present, poss. multiple distal graver tips

L5 1 Surface Biface fragment Onondaga 35 26 6 thin, incomplete bifacial flaking

Plate 7: Biface fragment (Cat.#L5) and Biface (Cat.#L4) from AgHb-426 (P20)


Page 24

P21

Findspot P21 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The two artifacts were found across a 7 m north-south by 6.5 m east-west area. The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake and two pieces of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 25). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558886 4772637 [NAD 27] for P21 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-




P22

Findspot P22 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 92). The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake and one secondary retouched flake, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 26). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558867 4772617 [NAD 27] for P22 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-


Thermal Alt.

# Altered

L1 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Onondaga L2 1 Surface Secondary retouch flake Onondaga Yes 1

AgHb-427 – P23 Site AgHb-427 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 91 m north-south and 44 m east-west. A total of 102 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of 26 artifacts was collected from the site (Table 27). The artifact assemblage consists of one primary reduction flake, three primary thinning flakes, 10 secondary knapping flakes, three pieces of shatter, two bifaces, two biface fragments, one preform, one projectile point, two projectile point fragments and one celt (Table 27; Plate 8). Raw materials present in the collection include: Onondaga, Trent Valley, Lockport and Haldimand cherts. The first complete biface is a large mid-stage biface manufactured from Onondaga chert with the following dimensions: length, 77 mm; width, 42 mm; and thickness, 13 mm (Cat.#L15). The second complete biface is a large mid-stage biface manufactured from Lockport chert and had the following dimensions: length, 70 mm; width, 49 mm; and thickness, 14 mm (Cat.#L16). One biface proximal end fragment manufactured from Onondaga chert has the following dimensions: length, 15 mm; width, 22 mm; and thickness, 6 mm (Cat.#L16). A second biface proximal end fragment manufactured from Onondaga chert has the following dimensions: length, 37 mm; width, 27 mm; and thickness, 7 mm (Cat.#L13). The complete preform manufactured from Onondaga chert, possible dates to the Middle Archaic period (ca. 6,000-2,500 B.C.) and has the following dimensions: length, 48 mm; width, 33 mm; and thickness, 9 mm (Cat.#L17). The complete projectile point is a side-notched/stemmed Late Archaic Innes point (ca. 1,500 B.C.) manufactured from


Page 25

Onondaga chert and has the following dimensions: length, 39 mm; width, 33 mm; and thickness, 11 mm; base width, 39 mm; and notch width 8 mm (Cat.#L17). Two projectile point fragments manufactured from Onondaga chert are too incomplete to be diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation (Cat.#L12 and L14). The first has the following dimensions: length, 22 mm; width, 19 mm; and thickness, 6 mm (Cat.#L12). The second has the following dimensions: length, 28 mm; width, 24 mm; and thickness, 5 mm (Cat.#L14). The celt is manufactured from an indeterminate igneous rock and has the following dimensions: length, 105 mm; width, 50.4 mm; and thickness, 32 mm. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558903 4772666 [NAD 27] for P23 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-427 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Plate 8: Shatter (Cat.#L15), projectile point (ca. 1,500 B.C.; Cat.#L18), preform (ca. 6,000-2,500 B.C.; Cat.#L17), Biface (Cat.#L15), and Biface (Cat.#L16) from AgHb-427 (P23).


Page 26


Cat. #

Qty Sub-

Operation Artifact

Type Material

L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch/ Utilized

Thermal Alt.

# Altered

Comments

L1 1 Surface Primary reduction flake

Onondaga


Onondaga


Trent Valley




Onondaga Yes distal and lateral edge retouch


Onondaga Yes pronounced distal retouch forming end-scraper edge


Onondaga Yes Yes 1 ventral, lateral ret./ utiliz.


Onondaga Yes ret./ utiliz. on ventral, lateral margin


Haldimand


Onondaga 15 22 6 tip frag.


Onondaga 22 19 6 tip only


Onondaga 37 27 7 tip portion of refined biface


Onondaga 28 24 5 tip + partial blade

L15 1 Surface Biface Onondaga 77 42 13 large, middle stage biface, straight base

L16 1 Surface Biface Lockport 70 49 14 large middle stage biface, rather rectangular-shaped

L17 1 Surface Preform Onondaga 48 33 9 preform for prob. Middle Archaic pt., has shape of a Brewerton pt.

L18 1 Surface Projectile point

Onondaga 39 23 11 Yes 1 complete side-notched/ stemmed Late Archaic Innes pt., base w=39mm; notch w=8mm


Page 27


Cat. #

Qty Sub-

Operation Artifact

Type Material

L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch/ Utilized

Thermal Alt.

# Altered

Comments

G1 1 Surface celt Indeterminate igneous rock

105 50.4 32 possible axe, slightly asymmetrical bit and blade, bit is pitted, poll is missing and laterally broken

P24

Findspot P24 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 92). The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 28). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558862 4772604 [NAD 27] for P24 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the find, no further work is recommended.




P25

Findspot P25 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of three secondary knapping flakes and one piece of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 29). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558882 4772632 [NAD 27] for P25 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew pedestrian surveyed a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the find, no further work is recommended.





AgHb-428 – P26

Site AgHb-426 was encountered on gently sloping ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 8 m north-south and 10 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of two Onondaga chert secondary knapping flakes and three pieces of Onondaga chert shatter (Table 30). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558931 4772640 [NAD 27] for AgHb-428 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals. Given the limited nature of the artifact finds, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Page 28


Cat. #

Qty Sub-

Operation Artifact Type Material Retouch/Utilized Comments



L3 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Onondaga Yes fine ret./ utiliz. on lateral and distal margins

AgHb-429 – P27

Site AgHb-429 was encountered on gently sloping ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 5 m north-south and 7.5 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake, two pieces of shatter, two biface fragments and one complete biface (Table 31, Plate 9). All artifacts are manufactured from Onondaga chert. The first biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 14 mm; width, 12 mm; and thickness, 8 mm (Cat.#L4). The second biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 22 mm; width, 32 mm; and thickness, 7 mm (Cat.#L5). The complete mid-stage biface has the following dimensions: length, 31 mm; width, 27 mm; and thickness, 10 mm (Cat.#L6). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558937 4772658 [NAD 27] for AgHb-429 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals. Given the size and density of the surface scatter it is recommended that AgHb-429 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Plate 9: Biface fragments (Cat.#L5 and Cat.#L4) from AgHb-429 (P27)


Page 29


Cat. # Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch/ Utilized

Comments


Onondaga Yes concave, lateral retouch

L2 1 Surface Shatter Onondaga Yes retouched lateral edge on distal flake frag.


L4 1 Surface Biface fragment Onondaga 14 12 8 frag. from a biface

L5 1 Surface Biface fragment Onondaga 22 32 7 tip frag. of middle stage biface

L6 1 Surface Biface Onondaga 31 27 10 middle stage biface

AgHb-430 – P28

Site AgHb-430 was encountered on gently sloping ploughed surface (Plates 87 and 88). The lithic scatter extended approximately 10 m north-south and 15 m east-west. A total of 24 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of seven artifacts was collected from the site (Table 32). The artifact assemblage consists of two primary thinning flakes, two secondary knapping flakes and three pieces of shatter (Table 32). Raw materials in the collection include: Onondaga, Lockport and Bois Blanc cherts. These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558943 4772682 [NAD 27] for AgHb-430 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-430 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Thermal Alt. # Altered




L4 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Bois Blanc


P29

Findspot P29 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 87). P29 was four metres northeast of P28. The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake and one piece of shatter, both manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 33). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558961 4772687 [NAD 27] for P25 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot, although it will likely be investigated by means of peripheral units in P28.






Page 30

AgHb-431 – P30

Site AgHb-431 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 87-88). The lithic scatter extended approximately 10 m north-south and 16 m east-west. A total of seven artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of five artifacts was collected from the site (Table 34). The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake, one piece of shatter and one complete biface (Table 34, Plate 10). All artifacts are manufactured from Onondaga chert. The mid-stage biface has the following dimensions: length, 46 mm; width, 30 mm; and thickness, 9 mm (Cat.#L3). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558938 4772700 [NAD 27] for AgHb-431 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the number of artifacts recovered from this locale and their relatively focussed distribution, it is recommended that the site be revisited. If additional artifacts are encountered, the site should be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Table 34: Artifact Catalogue from AgHb-431

Cat. # Qty Sub-

Operation Artifact

Type Material

L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Thermal Alt.

# Altered

Comments


Onondaga


L3 1 Surface Biface Onondaga 46 30 9 rather rectangular, middle stage biface, w retouched along lateral edge

P31

Findspot P31 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Bois Blanc chert (Table 35). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558952 4772708 [NAD 27] for P31 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




Plate 10: Biface (Cat.#L3) from AgHb-431 (P30)


Page 31

AgHb-432 – P32

Site AgHb-432 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 86). The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake, one piece of shatter and one projectile point found within a 5 m radius (Table 36, Plate 11). Raw materials present in the collection include: Onondaga, Bois Blanc and Haldimand cherts. The projectile point is a complete Middle Archaic side-notched Brewerton point manufactured from Haldimand chert with the following dimensions: length, 34 mm; width, 32 mm; thickness, 8 mm; base width, 25 mm; notch width, 8 mm and notch depth, 4 mm (Cat.#L3). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558969 4772732 [NAD 27] for AgHb-432 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-432 be subject to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. # Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Comments


Onondaga

L2 1 Surface Shatter Bois Blanc

L3 1 Surface Projectile point Haldimand 34 32 8 Middle Archaic side-notched Brewerton pt., broken base at notches, base w=25mm; notch w=8, d=4mm

AgHb-433 – P33

Site AgHb-433 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 89). The lithic scatter extended approximately 14 m north-south and 10 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake, two secondary knapping flakes, one piece of shatter, and one scraper (Table 37, Plate 12). Raw materials present in the collection include: Onondaga, Lockport and Kettle Point cherts. The scraper is fashioned from a shatter fragment with pronounced steep retouch along its working edge and has the following dimensions: length, 20 mm; width, 14 mm; and thickness, 5 mm (Cat.#L3). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558905 4772711 [NAD 27] for AgHb-433 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system

(GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius

Plate 11: Projectile point fragment from AgHb-432 (P32)

Plate 12: Scraper (Cat.#L3) from AgHb-433 (P33)


Page 32

around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the widespread character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this site.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch/ Utilized

Comments


Onondaga


L3 1 Surface Scraper Kettle Point 20 14 5 Yes shatter frag. w steep, pronounced retouch


Onondaga Yes retouched ventral, lateral margin

P34

Findspot P34 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 90). The artifacts were found across an area of 7 m north-south by 5 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of two secondary knapping flakes and one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 38). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558934 4772775 [NAD 27] for P34 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the limited character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this site.


Cat. # Qty Sub-

Operation Artifact

Type Material Retouch/Utilized Comments


Onondaga

L2 1 Surface Secondary retouch flake

Onondaga

L3 1 Surface Shatter Onondaga Yes distal flake frag. w some lateral retouch

P35

Findspot P35 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 39). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558946 4772730 [NAD 27] for P35 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this site.

Table 39: Artifact catalogue for P35




Page 33

P36

Findspot P35 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 40). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558934 4772736 [NAD 27] for P36 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this site.




P37

Findspot P37 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. P37 is five metres south of P36. The find consists of two secondary knapping flakes manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 41). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558919 4772734 [NAD 27] for P37 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifacts, no further work is recommended at this site.


Cat. # Qty Sub-


Retouch/ Utilized

Comments


L2 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Onondaga Yes pronounced ventral, lateral retouch for scraper edge

AgHb-476 – P38

Site AgHb-476 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 89). The lithic scatter extended approximately 10 m north-south and 8 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of two secondary knapping flakes and one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert and one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Bois Blanc chert (Table 42). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558902 4772728 [NAD 27] for AgHb-476 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the number of artifacts recovered from this locale and their relatively focussed distribution, it is recommended that the site be revisited. If additional artifacts are encountered, the site should be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.






L4 2 Surface Secondary retouch flakes Onondaga


Page 34

AgHb-434 – P39

Site AgHb-434 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 84). The lithic scatter extended approximately 18 m north-south and 17 m east-west. A total of 26 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of 12 artifacts was collected from the site (Table 43). The artifact assemblage consists of two primary thinning flakes, two secondary knapping flakes, three pieces of shatter, one biface fragment, two projectile point fragments and two scrapers (Table 43, Plate 13). Raw materials present in the collection include: Onondaga, Kettle Point and Trent Valley cherts. The biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 20 mm; width, 14 mm; and thickness, 4 mm (Cat.#L9). The first projectile point fragment is a narrow blade fragment of a stemmed point and has the following dimensions: length, 32 mm; width, 16 mm; and thickness, 4 mm (Cat.#L10). The second projectile point fragment is a small, poorly formed stemmed point, manufactured from Kettle Point chert and has the following dimensions: length, 25 mm; width, 18 mm; and thickness, 4 mm (Cat.#L11). The first scraper is a combination side- endscraper, manufactured from Kettle Point chert and fashioned from a primary thinning flake. It has the following dimensions: length, 28 mm; width, 27 mm; and thickness, 7 mm (Cat.#L6). The mid-stage biface has the following dimensions: length, 46 mm; width, 30 mm; and thickness, 9 mm (Cat.#L3). The second scraper, fashioned from a piece of shatter has steep retouch along its distal working edge and has the following dimensions: length, 39 mm; width, 35 mm; and thickness, 8 mm (Cat.#L8). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558937 4772756 [NAD 27] for AgHb-434 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-434 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch/ Utilized

Comments


Onondaga


Onondaga


L4 1 Surface Shatter Trent Valley


Onondaga Yes dorsal, lateral edge retouch

L6 1 Surface Scraper Kettle Point

28 27 7 Yes combination end/side scraper, made on a primary flake

L7 1 Surface Shatter Onondaga Yes distal primary flake w retouch on both lateral margin

L8 1 Surface Scraper Onondaga 39 35 8 shatter w steep, distal

Plate 13: Projectile point fragments (Cat.#L10 and Cat.#L11) and scraper (Cat.#L8 and Cat.#L6) from AgHb-434 (P39)


Page 35


Cat. #

Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch/ Utilized

Comments

retouch

L9 1 Surface Biface fragment Onondaga 20 14 4 bifacial frag.


Onondaga 32 16 4 narrow blade of stemmed pt., broken at base/ shoulder


Onondaga 25 18 4 small, crude stemmed pt. w reworked blade and rounded


Onondaga Yes ventral, lateral edge retouch

AgHb-435 – P40

Site AgHb-435 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 26 m north-south and 22 m east-west. A total of 23 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of five artifacts was collected from the site (Table 44). The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake, three secondary knapping flakes and one piece of shatter (Table 44). Raw materials present in the collection include: Onondaga chert, Balsam Lake chert and Bois Blanc chert. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558928 4772764 [NAD 27] for AgHb-435 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-435 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. # Qty Sub-


Retouch/ Utilized

Thermal Alt.

# Altered Comments

L1 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Balsam Lake L2 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Onondaga Yes lateral retouch

near distal end L3 1 Surface Shatter Onondaga Yes 1


L5 1 Surface Primary thinning flake Bois Blanc

AgHb-436 – P41

Site AgHb-436 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 83). The lithic scatter extended approximately 24 m north-south and 14 m east-west. A total of 13 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of six artifacts was collected from the site (Table 45). The artifact assemblage consists of four secondary knapping flakes, one biface fragment and one projectile point (Table 45, Plate 14). Raw materials present in the collection include: Onondaga and Bois Blanc cherts and Flint Ridge Chalcedony. The biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 52 mm; width, 36 mm; and thickness, 14 mm (Cat.#L3). The projectile point is a complete possible Late Archaic Crawford Knoll point (ca. 1,300-900 B.C.) manufactured from Flint Ridge Chalcedony and has the following dimensions: total point length, 34 mm; blade width, 13 mm; blade thickness, 5 mm; base width, 8 mm and base height, 6 mm (Cat.#L4). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558911 4772778 [NAD 27] for AgHb-436 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-436 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Page 36


Cat. # Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Comments



L3 1 Surface Biface fragment Onondaga 52 36 14 crude biface or bifacial core frag.

L4 1 Surface Projectile point Flint Ridge Chalcedony

34 13 5 small, narrow stemmed pt., prob. Late Archaic Crawford Knoll pt., base w=8, h=6mm

AgHb-437 – P42

Site AgHb-437 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. P42 is approximately 4 metres south of P41. The find consists of one projectile point fragment manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 46, Plate 15). This base fragment is fashioned from a flake and has the following dimensions: length, 19 mm; width, 22 mm; and thickness, 6 mm (Cat.#L1). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558903 4772766 [NAD 27] for AgHb-437 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the character of the artifacts and its close proximity to P41, it is recommended that site AgHb-437 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Plate 14: Biface fragment (Cat.#L3) and Late Archaic Crawford Knoll (ca. 1,300-900 B.C.) projectile point (Cat.#L4) from AgHb-436 (P41)


Page 37


Cat. #

Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Comments


Onondaga 19 22 6 non-diagnostic proj. pt. base made on a flake, unifacial, shallow side notches

P43

Findspot P43 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 7 m north-south and 5 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of three secondary knapping flakes and one piece of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 47). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558890 4772720 [NAD 27] for P43 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-

Operation Artifact Type Material Retouch/Utilized Comments


Onondaga



Onondaga Yes retouched distal and lateral margins

P44

Findspot P44 was encountered on a gently sloping to relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 48). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558882 4772765 [NAD 27] for



Page 38

P44 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.



L1 1 Surface Secondary retouch flake Onondaga

P45

Findspot P45 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 49). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558873 4772765 [NAD 27] for P45 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P47

Findspot P47 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 60). The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 50). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558859 4772760 [NAD 27] for P47 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Thermal

Alt. #

Altered


P48






Page 39

P49

Findspot P49 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 61). The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 52). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558866 4772795 [NAD 27] for P49 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.



L1 1 Surface Secondary retouch flake Onondaga Yes 1

P50





AgHb-438 – P51

Site AgHb-438 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 61). The find consists of one complete oval shaped, mid-stage biface manufactured from Lockport chert (Table 54, Plate 16). It has the following dimensions: length, 55 mm; width, 34 mm; and thickness, 16 mm (Cat.#L1). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558884 4772802 [NAD 27] for AgHb-438 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.



Page 40



(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments

L1 1 Surface Biface Lockport 55 34 16 middle stage biface, oval-shaped

P52





AgHb-439 – P53

Site AgHb-439 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one complete scraper fashioned from a primary thinning flake point fragment and manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 56, Plate 17). It has the following dimensions: length, 41 mm; width, 31 mm; and thickness, 6 mm (Cat.#L53). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558886 4772794 [NAD 27] for AgHb-439 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch Utilized

Comments

L53 1 Surface Scraper Onondaga 41 31 6 Yes comb. scraper w distal and lateral edge retouch, made on a primary flake

P54

Findspot P54 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 62). The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 57). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558983 4772941 [NAD 27] for P54 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m

Plate 17: Scraper (Cat.#L53) from AgHb-439 (P53)


Page 41

radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P55

Findspot P55 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 62). The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake and one piece of shatter, both manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 58). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558966 4772950 [NAD 27] for P55 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of these artifacts, no further work is recommended at this find spot.





P56

Findspot P56 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Kettle Point chert and one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 59). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558974 4772992 [NAD 27] for P56 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of these artifacts, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Retouch/ Utilized

Comments

L1 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Kettle Point

L2 1 Surface Primary thinning flake Onondaga Yes retouched distal edge

P57






Page 42

AgHb-440 – P58

Site AgHb-440 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of one complete projectile point and one piece of shatter, both manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 61, Plate 18). The projectile point is a Middle Archaic Brewerton side-notched point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.) with the following dimensions: length, 39 mm; width, 28 mm; and thickness, 8 mm (Cat.#L2). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558979 47728220 [NAD 27] for AgHb-440 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the importance of the diagnostic point, it is recommended that AgHb-418 be subject to a Stage 3 assessment.



(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments


L2 1 Surface Projectile point Onondaga 39 28 8 squat Middle Archaic Brewerton side-notched pt., reworked

P59

Findspot P59 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 62). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559013 4772824 [NAD 27] for P59 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




Plate 18: Middle Archaic Brewerton side-notched projectile point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.; Cat.#L2) from AgHb-440 (P58)


Page 43

P60

Findspot P60 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 81). The find consists of one primary thinning flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 63). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558979 4772896 [NAD 27] for P60 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




AgHb-441 – P61

Site AgHb-441 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of one biface fragment and one piece of shatter, both manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 64, Plate 19). The biface fragment is mid-stage, has a weakly developed single notch and has the following dimensions: length, 28 mm; width, 38 mm; and thickness, 12 mm (Cat.#L2). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559055 4773027 [NAD 27] for AgHb-441 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of these artifacts, no further work is recommended at this find spot.



(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments


L2 1 Surface Biface fragment Onondaga 28 38 12 squared base portion of middle stage biface, notch on one side

P62

Findspot P62 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of two secondary knapping flakes manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 65). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559067 4773062 [NAD 27] for P62 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifacts, no further work is recommended at this find spot.

Plate 19: Biface fragment (Cat. #L2) from AgHb-441 (P61)


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Cat. # Qty Sub-


Thermal Alt.

# Altered

L1 1 Surface Secondary retouch flake Onondaga Yes 1


P63

Findspot P63 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 82). The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 66). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559033 4772723 [NAD 27] for P63 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-



P64





AgHb-442 – P65

Site AgHb-442 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 3 m north-south and 2 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of three secondary knapping flakes manufactured from Onondaga chert and two secondary knapping flake manufactured from Lockport chert (Table 68). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559149 4772814 [NAD 27] for AgHb-442 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the site periphery at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter it is recommended that AgHb-418 be subject to a Stage 3 assessment.


Page 45


Cat. # Qty Sub-

Operation Artifact Type Material Comments


L2 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Onondaga notching, denticulation along 1 side

L3 2 Surface Secondary knapping flakes Lockport

AgHb-477 – P66

Findspot P66 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Fossil Hill chert (Table 69). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation, although that chert type is typically used to manufacture Paleo-Indian tools. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559139 4772761 [NAD 27] for P66 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the nature of the artifact, it is recommended that the site be revisited. If additional artifacts are encountered, the site should be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. # Qty Sub-


Retouch/ Utilized

Comments


Fossil Hill formation

Yes retouched lateral edge incl. concave area

AgHb-443 – P67

Site AgHb-443 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface south of the houses along Tutela Height’s Road. The lithic scatter extended approximately 18 m north-south and 17 m east-west. A total of 81 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of six artifacts was collected from the site (Table 70). The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake and five secondary knapping flakes, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 70). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559119 4773037 [NAD 27] for AgHb-443 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the periphery of the site at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter it is recommended that AgHb-4443 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Retouch/ Utilized

Thermal Alt.

# Altered

Comments

L1 1 Surface Primary thinning flake Onondaga Yes distal retouch


Onondaga Yes 1

Plate 20: Fossil Hill secondary knapping flake (Cat.#L1)


Page 46

AgHb-444 – P68

Site AgHb-444 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 29 m north-south and 19 m east-west. A total of 26 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of five artifacts was collected from the site (Table 71). The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake and four pieces of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 71). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559094 4773022 [NAD 27] for P57 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the periphery of the scatter at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter it is recommended that AgHb-444 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.





P69





P70

Findspot P70 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 66). The find consists of one primary thinning flake and one secondary knapping flake, both manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 73). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559095 4773010 [NAD 27] for P70 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.





P71

Findspot P71 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one primary thinning flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 74). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559081 4772995 [NAD 27] for P71 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find


Page 47

at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




AgHb-478 – P72

Site AgHb-478 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 66). The lithic scatter extended approximately 19 m north-south and 9 m east-west. A total of 10 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of six artifacts was collected from the site (Table 75). The artifact assemblage consists of four secondary knapping flakes and two pieces of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 75). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559117 4773014 [NAD 27] for AgHb-478 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the periphery of the scatter at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the widely scattered distribution of the artifacts, no further work is recommended at this spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation

Artifact Type Material Thermal

Alt. # Altered

L1 4 Surface Secondary knapping flake Onondaga Yes 2


AgHb-479 – P73

Site AgHb-479 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 15 m north-south and 12 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of two primary thinning flakes, one secondary knapping flake and one piece of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert and one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Bois Blanc chert (Table 76). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559117 4772989 [NAD 27] for AgHb-479 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the site area at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the number of artifacts recovered from this locale and their relatively focussed distribution, it is recommended that the site be revisited. If additional artifacts are encountered, the site should be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Comments

L1 2 Surface Primary thinning flakes Onondaga gold coloured patina/ cortex present on 1 flake




P74

Findspot P74 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of two pieces of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 77). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559122 4772995 [NAD 27] for


Page 48

P74 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifacts, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P75

Findspot P75 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake and one piece of shatter, both manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 78). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559125 4772988 [NAD 27] for P75 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifacts, no further work is recommended at this find spot.





P76

Findspot P76 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 79). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559063 4772939 [NAD 27] for P76 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P77



Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Thermal

Alt. # Altered

L1 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Onondaga Yes 1


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P78





P79 Findspot P79 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one primary thinning flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 82). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559080 4772967 [NAD 27] for P79 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P80

Findspot P80 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 67). The find consists of one secondary retouch flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 83). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559078 4772984 [NAD 27] for P80 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




AgHb-445 – P81

Site AgHb-445 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 71). This site overlaps with site AgHb-413. The lithic scatter extended approximately 17 m north-south and 10 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake, one graver fragment and one projectile point fragment, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 84, Plate 20). The graver, fashioned from a flake, has the following dimensions: length, 23 mm; width, 21 mm; and thickness, 3 mm (Cat.#L1). The tip portion of the projectile point fragment has the following dimensions: length, 10 mm; width, 11 mm; and thickness, 3 mm (Cat.#L3). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559090 4772967 [NAD 27] for AgHb-445 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional


Page 50

artifacts were found. Given the nature of the artifacts, it is recommended that AgHb-445 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch/ Utilized

Thermal Alt.

# Altered

Comments

L1 1 Surface Graver Onondaga 23 21 3 Yes flake frag. w concave retouch leading to graver tip at broken proximal end


Onondaga


Onondaga 10 11 3 Yes 1 extreme tip frag.

P82

Findspot P82 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 71). This site overlaps with site AgHb-413. The lithic scatter extended approximately 15 m north-south and 10 m east-west. A total of 8 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of four artifacts was collected from the site (Table 45). The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake and two secondary knapping flakes, all manufactured from Onondaga chert and one piece of shatter too thermally altered to identify the chert type (Table 85). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559087 4772943 [NAD 27] for P82 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the site area at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.

Plate 21: Graver (Cat.#L1) and projectile point fragment (Cat.#L3) from AgHb-445 (P81)


Page 51


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Thermal

Alt. # Altered Comments


Onondaga Yes 1

L2 1 Surface Shatter Unknown Yes 1 too thermally altered to determine chert type


AgHb-446 – P83

Site AgHb-446 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 70). This site overlaps with site AgHb-413. The lithic scatter extended approximately 58 m north-south and 95 m east-west. A total of 95 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of nine artifacts was collected from the site (Table 45). The artifact assemblage consists of five secondary knapping flakes and one piece of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert, one end scraper manufactured from Bois Blanc chert and two pieces of shatter manufactured from a European flint which most likely are associated with the historic site (Table 86, Plate 21). The end scraper is fashioned from a flake and has the following dimensions: length, 39 mm; width, 27 mm; and thickness, 8 mm (Cat.#L1). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559109 4772940 [NAD 27] for AgHb-446 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-446 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation


(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Retouch/ Utilized

Thermal Alt.

# Altered

Comments


Onondaga


L3 1 Surface End scraper Bois Blanc

39 27 8 deep, pronounced distal retouch forming end scraper on a flake, cortex present

L4 2 Surface Shatter Flint- European

2 frags. of European gunflint material

Plate 22: Two pieces of European flint shatter (Cat.#L4) and an end scraper (Cat.#L3) from, AgHb-446 (P83)


Page 52

P84




L1 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Onondaga bending initiation, w faceted striking platform

P85





P86

Findspot P86 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 65). The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 89). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559229 4772965 [NAD 27] for P86 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P87






Page 53

P88

Findspot P88 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 91). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559209 4772941 [NAD 27] for P88 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifacts, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P89





P90




L1 1 Surface Shatter Onondaga distal primary flake frag.

AgHb-447 – P91

Site AgHb-447 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage, found together, consists of one secondary knapping flakes and one complete biface, both manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 94, Plate 22). The tear-drop shaped biface is mid-stage in production and has the following dimensions: length, 42 mm; width, 29 mm; and thickness, 9 mm (Cat.#L2). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559186 4772905 [NAD 27] for AgHb-447 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifacts, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Page 54


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation


(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments


L2 1 Surface Biface Onondaga 42 29 9 tear drop-shaped, middle stage biface

AgHb-448 – P92

Site AgHb-448 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 26 m north-south and 15 m east-west. A total of 10 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of six artifacts was collected from the site (Table 95). The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flakes, two secondary retouch flakes and two pieces of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert, and one biface fragment manufactured from Lockport chert (Table 95, Plate 24). The biface fragment is a base portion and has the following dimensions: length, 16 mm; width, 32 mm; and thickness, 10 mm (Cat.#L4). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559210 4772918 [NAD 27] for AgHb-448 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the widely dispersed nature of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Plate 24: Biface fragment from AgHb-448 (P92)


Page 55




(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments




L4 1 Surface Biface fragment Lockport 16 32 10 base portion of refined biface, transverse break at midsection

AgHb-449 – P93

Site AgHb-449 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake and one complete projectile point, both manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 96, Plate 24). The projectile point is a complete Transitional Late Woodland Levanna point with the following dimensions: length, 29 mm; width, 25 mm; and thickness, 4 mm (Cat.#L2). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559175 4772876 [NAD 27] for AgHb-449 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the nature of the diagnostic, it is recommended that AgHb-449 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation


(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments


L2 1 Surface Projectile point Onondaga 29 25 4 complete Transitional Woodland Levanna pt., finely flaked sides- almost serrated, slightly concave base

AgHb-450 – P94

Site AgHb-450 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage, found within a 10 m diameter, consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Kettle Point chert, one secondary knapping flake, one secondary retouch flake and one biface fragment, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 97). The biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 33 mm; width, 25 mm; and thickness, 10 mm (Cat.#L1). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559186 4772862 [NAD 27] for AgHb-450 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around these finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the number of artifacts recovered from this locale and

Plate 25: Late Woodland Levanna projectile point (Cat.#L2) from AgHb-449 (P93)


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their relatively focussed distribution, it is recommended that the site be revisited. If additional artifacts are encountered, the site should be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation


(mm) W

(mm) T


Thermal Alt.

# Altered

Comments


Kettle Point


Onondaga Yes 1


Onondaga


Onondaga 33 25 10 crude biface or core frag.

AgHb-451 – P95

Site AgHb-451 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 12 m north-south and 18 m east-west. A total of 20 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of five artifacts was collected from the site (Table 98). The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Selkirk chert and two secondary knapping flakes and two pieces of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 98). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559095 4772184 [NAD 27] for AgHb-451 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around these finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-451 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.



L1 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Selkirk



AgHb-480 – P96

Site AgHb-480 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 8 m north-south and 9 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Bois Blanc chert and one secondary knapping flake, one secondary retouch flake and two pieces of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 99). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559075 4772189 [NAD 27] for AgHb-480 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the number of artifacts recovered from this locale and their relatively focussed distribution, it is recommended that the site be revisited. If additional artifacts are encountered, the site should be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


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Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Retouch/Utilized Comments


L2 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Onondaga Yes lateral ret./ utiliz. L3 1 Surface Secondary retouch flake Onondaga L4 2 Surface Shatter Onondaga

AgHb-452 – P97

Site AgHb-452 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 11 m north-south and 16 m east-west. A total of 15 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of five artifacts was collected from the site (Table 100). The artifact assemblage consists of three secondary knapping flakes and one piece of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert, and one piece of shatter manufactured from Bois Blanc chert (Table 100). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559080 4772175 [NAD 27] for AgHb-452 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-452 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.



Comments


L2 1 Surface Shatter Bois Blanc

Yes flake frag. w poss. distal edge utilized

L3 1 Surface Shatter Onondaga Yes flake frag. w poss. lateral utilized

AgHb-453 – P98

Site AgHb-453 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 18 m north-south and 25 m east-west. A total of 25 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of five artifacts was collected from the site (Table 101). The artifact assemblage consists of three secondary knapping flakes manufactured from Onondaga chert and two secondary knapping flakes manufactured from Lockport chert (Table 101). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559048 4772175 [NAD 27] for AgHb-453 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around these finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter it is recommended that AgHb-453 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.



L1 3 Surface Secondary knapping flakes Onondaga L2 2 Surface Secondary knapping flakes Lockport

P99

Findspot P99 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 87). The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 102). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal


Page 58

period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559014 4772223 [NAD 27] for P90 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.



L1 1 Surface Secondary retouch flake Bois Blanc

AgHb-454 – P100

Site AgHb-454 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface. The find consists of one projectile point manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 103, Plate 25). The projectile point is a complete Early Woodland Adena point with the following dimensions: total point length, 43 mm; blade width, 27 mm; blade thickness, 9 mm; stem length, 19 mm and stem width, 17 mm (Cat.#L1). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558942 4772238 [NAD 27] for AgHb-454 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the diagnostic nature of the projectile point, it is recommended that AgHb-454 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #


(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments


Onondaga 43 27 9 base and partial blade of Early Woodland Adena pt., transverse snap at tip, weak shoulders and narrow blade,stem has a pointed base; stem L=19, W=17mm

AgHb-455 – P101

Site AgHb-455 was encountered on a relatively flat, poorly drained ploughed surface (Plate 100). The lithic scatter extended approximately 46 m north-south and 26 m east-west. A total of 13 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of eight artifacts was collected from the site (Table 104). The artifact assemblage consists of two primary thinning flakes, three pieces of shatter, two biface fragments, all

Plate 26: Early Woodland Adena projectile point fragment (Cat.#L1) from AgHb-454 (P100)


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manufactured from Onondaga chert and one projectile point fragment manufactured from Lockport chert (Table 104, Plate 26). The first biface fragment is the tip portion and has the following dimensions: length, 24 mm; width, 32 mm; and thickness, 8 mm (Cat.#L3). The second biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 44 mm; width, 33 mm; and thickness, 10 mm (Cat.#L4). The tip portion of the projectile point has the following dimensions: length, 20 mm; width, 16 mm; and thickness, 5 mm (Cat.#L5). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558867 4772275 [NAD 27] for AgHb-455 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-455 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch/ Utilized

Thermal Alt.

Comments

L1 2 Surface Primary thinning flakes

Onondaga Yes

L2 3 Surface Shatter Onondaga Yes


Onondaga 24 32 8 tip portion of middle stage biface


Onondaga 44 33 10 Yes middle stage biface base, oblique break, some steep lateral retouch - poss. scraper edge


Lockport 20 16 5 tip only

Plate 27: Projectile point fragment (Cat.#L5), and two biface fragments (Cat.#L3 and Cat.#L4) from AgHb-455 (P101)


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P102

Findspot P102 was encountered on a relatively flat, poorly drained ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake and one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert and one primary thinning flake manufactured from Lockport chert (Table 104). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558878 4772313 [NAD 27] for P102 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.






AgHb-456 – P103

Site AgHb-456 was encountered on a relatively flat, poorly drained ploughed surface. P103 is approximately 12 metres north of P102. The lithic scatter extended approximately 4 m north-south and 4 m east-west. A total of six artifacts were encountered on the surface and a representative sample of five artifacts was collected from the site (Table 106). The artifact assemblage consists of four secondary knapping flakes and one piece of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 106). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558877 4772327 [NAD 27] for AgHb-456 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-456 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Table 106:Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-456

Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Thermal Alt. Comments


L2 1 Surface Shatter Onondaga Yes

AgHb-457 – P104

Site AgHb-457 was encountered on a relatively flat, poorly drained ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 24 m north-south and 24 m east-west. A total of 10 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of six artifacts was collected from the site (Table 107). The artifact assemblage consists of two secondary knapping flakes, two pieces of shatter, one biface fragment and one projectile point (Table 107, Plate 27). Raw materials present in the assemblage include: Onondaga, Haldimand and one unknown chert type. The biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 16 mm; width, 10 mm; and thickness, 4 mm (Cat.#L3). The projectile point is a complete Transitional Archaic Perkiomen point (ca. 1,600 – 1,500 B.C.) and has the following dimensions: total point length, 34 mm; blade width, 30 mm; blade thickness, 5 mm; and base width, 7 mm (Cat.#L6). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558907 4772354 [NAD 27] for AgHb-457 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the discovery of a projectile point and biface on the site, it is recommended that site AgHb-457 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


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Cat. #

Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Comments


L2 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Unknown


L4 1 Surface Shatter Haldimand

L5 1 Surface Biface fragment Onondaga 16 10 4 biface edge frag.

L6 1 Surface Projectile point Onondaga 34 30 5 Transitional Archaic Perkiomen pt. , broad blade, slightly concave base and rounded basal corners, base W=7mm

AgHb-458 – P105

Site AgHb-458 was encountered on a relatively flat, poorly drained ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 16 m north-south and 28 m east-west. A total of 10 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of six artifacts was collected from the site (Table 108). The artifact assemblage consists of two primary thinning flakes, one secondary knapping flake, two pieces of shatter and one projectile point, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 108, Plate 28). The projectile point is a complete broad stem and heavily reworked Middle Archaic Brewerton point with the following dimensions: total point length, 27 mm; blade width, 25 mm; thickness, 6 mm and stem width, 17 mm (Cat.#L3). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558877 4772379 [NAD 27] for AgHb-458 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found.

Plate 28: Transitional Archaic Perkiomen (ca. 1,600 – 1,500 B.C.) projectile point from AgHb-457 (P104)


Page 62

Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-458 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation

Artifact Type Material L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Retouch/ Utilized

Comments


Onondaga


Onondaga



Onondaga Yes distal retouch

L6 1 Surface Projectile point Onondaga 27 25 6 short, squat pt. w broad stem and heavily reworked blade, prob. Middle Archaic Brewerton pt. ; basal stem w=17mm

P106

Findspot P106 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary retouch flake and two pieces of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 109). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558854 4772419 [NAD 27] for P106 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.






Plate 29: Possible Middle Archaic Brewerton projectile point from AgHb-458 (P105)


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AgHb-459 – P108

Site AgHb-459 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Bois Blanc chert and one projectile point fragment manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 110). The projectile point fragment has the following dimensions: length, 16 mm; width, 9 mm; and thickness, 5 mm (Cat.#L3). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558959 4772553 [NAD 27] for AgHb-459 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter it is recommended that AgHb-459 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. # Qty

Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material

L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm) Comments


L2 1 Surface Projectile point fragment Onondaga 16 9 5 basal tang frag. of a proj. pt.

P109

Findspot P109 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary retouch flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 111). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558947 4772557 [NAD 27] for P109 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P110



Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Thermal Alt. # Altered


P111

Findspot P111 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary retouch flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 113). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558992 4772506 [NAD 27] for P111 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find


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at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Retouch/ Utilized Comments

L1 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Onondaga Yes retouched on distal margin

P112

Findspot P112 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Lockport chert (Table 114). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558989 4772500 [NAD 27] for P112 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-

Operation Artifact

Type Material Comments

L1 1 Surface Shatter Lockport distal flake frag.

AgHb-481 – P113

Findspot P113 was encountered on a relatively flat, poorly drained ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake, one secondary knapping flake, one secondary retouch flake and one piece of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 115). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559004 4772492 [NAD 27] for P106 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the limited nature of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.







P114

Findspot P114 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 95). The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake and one piece of shatter, both manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 116). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558984 4772484 [NAD 27] for P114 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifacts, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


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P115

Findspot P115 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 95). The find consists of one primary thinning flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 117). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558977 4772475 [NAD 27] for P106 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-


Thermal Alt.

# Altered Comments

L1 1 Surface Primary thinning flake Onondaga Yes 1 ventral surface removed by large potlid fracture

AgHb-460 – P116

Site AgHb-460 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 27 m north-south and 11 m east-west. A total of 10 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of five artifacts was collected from the site (Table 118). The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake, three pieces of shatter and one projectile point, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 118, Plate 29). The projectile point is a complete Middle Archaic Brewerton corner-notched point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.) with the following dimensions: length, 38 mm; width, 31 mm; and thickness, 6 mm (Cat.#L3). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558960 4772447 [NAD 27] for AgHb-460 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the discovery of a diagnostic projectile point, it is recommended that AgHb-460 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #


(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments


Onondaga


L3 1 Surface Projectile point Onondaga 38 31 6 Middle Archaic Brewerton corner-notched pt., snapped

Plate 30: Middle Archaic Brewerton corner-notched projectile point (ca. 4,000-2,500 B.C.; Cat.#L3) from AgHb-460 (P116)


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a b

d c e

AgHb-461 – P117

Site AgHb-461 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 72 m north-south and 33 m east-west. A total of 61 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of 12 artifacts was collected from the site (Table 119). The artifact assemblage consists of two primary thinning flakes, three secondary knapping flakes, two pieces of shatter, one preform, three projectile point fragments and one complete projectile point. Raw materials present in the assemblage include: Onondaga, Bois Blanc, Lockport and Selkirk cherts (Table 119, Plate 30). The complete preform has the following dimensions: length, 38 mm; width, 20 mm; and thickness, 9 mm (Cat.#L6). The first projectile point fragment is a possible Early to Middle Archaic (ca. 7,000-6,000 B.C. to ca. 6,000-2,500 B.C.) point missing its tip and both tangs. It has the following dimensions: length, 40 mm; width, 23 mm; and thickness, 7 mm (Cat.#L7). The second projectile point fragment is an Early Archaic Nettling point (ca. 7,500-6,000 B.C.) with finely serrated lateral margins and a broken base. It has the following dimensions: length, 32 mm; width, 23 mm; and thickness, 5 mm (Cat.#L8). The third projectile point fragment is a possible Early Woodland Meadowood point (ca. 800-300 B.C.) missing its tip and one tang. It has the following dimensions: length, 43 mm; width, 29 mm; and thickness, 5 mm (Cat.#L10). The first complete projectile point is a Late Archaic Crawford Knoll point (ca. 1,300-900 B.C.) manufactured from Selkirk chert. It has the following dimensions: total point length, 43 mm; blade width, 29 mm; thickness, 5 mm, base width, 13 mm (Cat.#L9). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558927 4772504 [NAD 27] for AgHb-461 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the site scatter at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-461 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation


(mm) W

(mm) T


Comments


Bois Blanc


Onondaga


Plate 31: A: Late Archaic Crawford Knoll projectile point (Cat.#L9), b: Early Archaic Nettling point (Cat.#L8), c: preform (Cat.#L6), d: projectile point fragment (Cat.#L7) and e: Early Woodland Meadowood point (Cat.#L10) from AgHb-461 (P117)


Page 67


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation


(mm) W

(mm) T


Comments


Onondaga Yes retouched around one lateraledge and distal edge


Lockport Yes ventral, lateral ret./ utiliz.

L6 1 Surface Preform Onondaga 38 20 9 unfinished pt., fractured at base


Onondaga 40 23 7 narrow blade portion of notched/ stemmed pt., prob. Early to Middle Archaic pt., broken at extreme tip and at shoulders


Onondaga 32 23 5 Early Archaic Nettling pt., finely serrated sides, broken base and extreme tip, oblique flaking

L9 1 Surface Projectile point Selkirk 32 16 5 Late Archaic Crawford Knoll pt., base w=13mm


Onondaga 43 29 5 Early Woodland Meadowood pt., thin w convex base, broken tip and 1 basal corner broken

P118

Findspot P118 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface. The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Trent Valley chert (Table 120). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558951 4772495 [NAD 27] for P106 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.



L1 1 Surface Shatter Trent Valley Yes 1

P119

Findspot P119 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface adjacent to a tributary (Plate 99). The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Bois Blanc chert (Table 121). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558734 4772246 [NAD 27] for P119 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact Type Material Thermal Alt.

L1 1 Surface Shatter Bois Blanc Yes


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AgHb-462 – P120

Site AgHb-462 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface adjacent to a tributary (Plate 98). The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake and one projectile point fragment, both manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 122). The projectile point fragment is an Early Woodland Meadowood point (ca. 800-300 B.C.), missing its tip with one lateral edge reworked to an incurvate edge (Cat.#L1). It has the following dimensions: total point length, 37 mm; blade width, 21 mm; blade thickness, 5 mm; base width, 20 mm; notch width 6 mm and notch depth, 4 mm. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558723 4772249 [NAD 27] for AgHb-462 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the discovery of a diagnostic projectile point fragment, it is recommended that AgHb-462 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation


(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments


Onondaga 37 21 5 Early Woodland Meadowood pt., missing tip, thin, side-notched, 1 side has been resharpened leaving almost no shoulder, base w=20mm; notch w=6, d=4mm


Onondaga

AgHb-486 – P121

Site AgHb-486 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of one projectile point fragment manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 122). The projectile point fragment is an Early Woodland Meadowood point (ca. 800-300 B.C.), missing its tip with one lateral edge reworked leaving almost no shoulder (Cat.#L1). It has the following dimensions: total point length, 38 mm; blade width, 20 mm; blade thickness, 4 mm; base width, 21 mm; notch width 6 mm and notch depth, 4 mm. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558689 4772268 [NAD 27] for AgHb-486 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the discovery of a diagnostic projectile point, it is recommended that AgHb-486 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Plate 32: Early Woodland Meadowood point (ca. 800-300 B.C.) from AgHb-486 (P121) (Cat.#L1).


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation

Artifact Type Material L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Comments


Onondaga 37 21 5 Early Woodland Meadowood pt., missing tip, thin, side-notched, 1 side has been re sharpened leaving almost no shoulder, base w=20mm; notch w=6, d=4mm


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AgHb-463 – P122

Site AgHb-463 was encountered on a relatively flat to sloping ploughed surface (Plate 97). The artifact assemblage consists of three secondary knapping flakes and one biface fragment, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 123, Plate 31). The biface fragment is oval shaped and has the following dimensions: length, 41 mm; width, 38 mm; and thickness, 9 mm (Cat.#L2). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558698 4772323 [NAD 27] for AgHb-463 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the number of artifacts recovered from this locale and their relatively focussed distribution, it is recommended that the site be revisited. If additional artifacts are encountered, the site should be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. # Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Comments


L2 1 Surface Biface fragment Onondaga 41 38 9 symmetrical refined biface, oval-shaped, transverse break at midsection

P123

Findspot P123 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface, overlooking tributary. The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 124). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558728 4772337 [NAD 27] for P123 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P124

Findspot P124 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary retouch flake manufactured from Bois Blanc chert (Table 125). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558727 4772459 [NAD 27] for P124 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.



Page 70




AgHb-464 – P125

Site AgHb-464 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface (Plate 96). The find consists of one complete biface manufactured from Lockport chert (Table 126, Plate 32). The biface is mid-stage in production and has the following dimensions: length, 57 mm; width, 40 mm; and thickness, 13 mm (Cat.#L1). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558768 4772469 [NAD 27] for AgHb-464 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Artifact

Type Material

L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Comments

L1 1 Surface Biface Lockport 57 40 13 complete, thick, middle stage biface

P126

Findspot P126 was encountered on a relatively flat, poorly drained ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert and one secondary retouch flake manufactured from Kettle Point chert (Table 127). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558781 4772687 [NAD 27] for P126 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifacts, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. # Qty Sub-



L2 1 Surface Secondary retouch flake Kettle Point



Page 71

AgHb-465 – P127

Site AgHb-465 was encountered on a relatively flat, poorly drained ploughed surface. The artifact assemblage consists of two primary thinning flakes, two secondary knapping flakes, two pieces of shatter, one complete projectile point and one projectile point fragment, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 128; Plate 33). The complete projectile point is a Late Archaic Crawford Knoll point (ca. 1,300-900 B.C.) with the following dimensions: length, 27 mm; width, 19 mm; and thickness, 6 mm (Cat.#L5). The projectile point fragment is the blade portion of a non-diagnostic point fashioned from a flake (Cat.#L6). It has the following dimensions: length, 47 mm; width, 29 mm; and thickness, 9 mm. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558810 4772646 [NAD 27] for AgHb-460 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-465 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation


(mm) W

(mm) T


Thermal Alt.

# Altered

Comments


Onondaga


Onondaga Yes 1



Onondaga Yes dorsal, lateral retouch

L5 1 Surface Projectile point

Onondaga 27 19 6 small side-notched pt., prob. Late Archaic Crawford K


Onondaga 47 29 9 blade of non-diagnostic pt., made on a flake, w plano

AgHb-482 – P128

Findspot P128 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface, adjacent to a seasonal stream. The lithic scatter extended approximately 28 m north-south and 23 m east-west. A total of 13 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of six artifacts was collected from the site (Table 129). The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Bois Blanc chert, two secondary

Plate 35: Late Archaic projectile point fragment (ca. 1,300-900 B.C.; Cat.# L5) from AgHb-465 (P127)


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knapping flakes manufactured from Kettle Point chert, two secondary knapping flakes and one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 129). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558798 4772639 [NAD 27] for AgHb-482 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-482 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.



Artifact Type Material


L2 2 Surface Secondary knapping flakes Kettle Point



P129

Findspot P129 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface, adjacent to a seasonal stream. The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Kettle Point chert (Table 130). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558826 4772487 [NAD 27] for P129 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.



L1 1 Surface Secondary retouch flake Kettle Point

AgHb-483 – P130

Site AgHb-483 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface, adjacent to a seasonal stream. The lithic scatter extended approximately 20 m north-south and 18 m east-west. A total of eight artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of five artifacts was collected from the site (Table 131). The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake, one secondary knapping flake and two secondary retouch flakes (Table 131). Raw materials present in the assemblage include: Onondaga, Bois Blanc and Haldimand cherts. These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558805 4772509 [NAD 27] for AgHb-483 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around these finds at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the number of artifacts recovered from this locale and their relatively focussed distribution, it is recommended that the site be revisited. If additional artifacts are encountered, the site should be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.



Artifact Type Material Thermal Alt.

# Altered



L3 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Haldimand

L4 2 Surface Secondary retouch flakes Onondaga Yes 1


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AgHb-466 – P131

Site AgHb-466 was encountered on a relatively flat, poorly drained ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 15 m north-south and 20 m east-west. A total of 13 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of five artifacts was collected from the site (Table 132). The artifact assemblage consists of four secondary knapping flakes and one biface fragment, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 132). The biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 17 mm; width, 12 mm; and thickness, 4 mm (Cat.#L2). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558801 4772441 [NAD 27] for AgHb-460 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the dispersed nature of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Thermal Alt.

# Altered Comments


Onondaga


Onondaga 17 12 4 Yes 1 bifacial edge frag.

AgHb-467 – P132

Site AgHb-467 was encountered on a relatively flat, poorly drained ploughed surface. The lithic scatter extended approximately 33 m north-south and 17 m east-west. A total of 27 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of six artifacts was collected from the site (Table 133). The artifact assemblage consists of three secondary knapping flakes and one secondary retouch flake and one complete projectile point manufactured from Onondaga chert, and one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Lockport chert (Table 133, Plate 34). The complete projectile point is a possible Middle Woodland Snyders point (ca. 400 B.C. – AD 500) with a missing tip (Cat.#L4). It has the following dimensions: total point length, 41 mm; blade width, 33 mm; blade thickness, 6 mm; notch width, 4 mm; notch depth, 7 mm and base width, 21 mm. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558794 4772422 [NAD 27] for AgHb-467 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-467 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Plate 36: Middle Woodland Snyders projectile point (ca. 400 B.C. – AD 500; Cat.#L4) from AgHb-467 (P132)


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(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments


Onondaga


Lockport


Onondaga

L4 1 Surface Projectile point Onondaga 41 33 6 thin, broad corner-notched pt., resembles Middle Woodland Snyders pt., broken tip has been retouched to repair edge, convex base; notch w=4, d=7mm; base w=21mm

P133





P134

Findspot P134 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one primary thinning flake manufactured from Bois Blanc chert (Table 135). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558699 4772481 [NAD 27] for P134 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.



Comments

L1 1 Surface Primary thinning flake Bois Blanc Yes distal edge retouch

AgHb-484 – P135

Findspot P135 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Lockport chert and one secondary knapping flake manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 136). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558675 4772425 [NAD 27] for AgHb-484 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


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L2 1 Surface Secondary knapping flake Lockport

AgHb-468 – P136

Site AgHb-468 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface. The find consists of one projectile point fragment manufactured from Kettle Point chert (Table 137, Plate 35). The projectile point has the following dimensions: length, 23 mm; width, 18 mm; and thickness, 4 mm (Cat.#L1). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558641 4772452 [NAD 27] for AgHb-468 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation


(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments


Kettle Point 23 18 4 very finely flaked proj. pt. tip, broken transversely

AgHb-469 – P137

Site AgHb-469 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface. The find consists of one biface fragment manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 138, Plate 36). The biface fragment has the following dimensions: length, 21 mm; width, 19 mm; and thickness, 4 mm (Cat.#L1). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558623 4772375 [NAD 27] for AgHb-469 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




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(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments

L1 1 Surface Biface fragment Onondaga 21 19 4 tip /base only frag.of refined biface

AgHb-470 – P138

Site AgHb-470 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface, adjacent to a seasonal stream (Plate 65). The lithic scatter extended approximately 16 m north-south and 20 m east-west. A total of 17 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of seven artifacts was collected from the site (Table 139). The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake, four secondary knapping flakes and two pieces of shatter, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 139). These artifacts are not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558580 4772317 [NAD 27] for AgHb-460 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter, it is recommended that AgHb-470 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation

Artifact Type Material




AgHb-471 – P139

Site AgHb-471 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface, adjacent to a seasonal stream. The lithic scatter extended approximately 10 m north-south and 10 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of one secondary knapping flake, one piece of shatter, two projectile point fragments, all manufactured from Onondaga chert and one biface fragment manufactured from Lockport chert (Table 140, Plate 37). The first projectile point fragment is a Early Archaic Nettling point (ca. 7,500-6,000 B.C.) with the following dimensions: length, 39 mm; width, 22 mm; and thickness, 5 mm (Cat.#L4). The second projectile point fragment is a probable Middle Archaic (ca. 6,000-2,500 B.C.), and notched point with long blade and incipient basal notching on one lateral edge (Cat.#L5). It has the following dimensions: length, 57 mm; width, 26 mm; and thickness, 8 mm. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558560 4772309 [NAD 27] for AgHb-471 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the density of the surface scatter and the recovery of diagnostic projectile point fragments, it is recommended that AgHb-471 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Page 77


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation


(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments

L1 2 Surface Secondary retouch flakes

Onondaga


L3 1 Surface Biface fragment Lockport 27 21 6 midsection frag. of middle stage biface


Onondaga 39 22 5 serrated blade of Early Archaic Nettling pt., broken


Onondaga 57 26 8 prob. Middle Archaic notched pt. w long blade and incipient basal notching on 1 side, oblique fracture removed opposite basal corner

P140

Findspot P140 was encountered on a relatively flat to gently sloping ploughed surface. The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 141). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558553 4772320 [NAD 27] for P140 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




Plate 39: Projectile point fragments (Cat.#L4 and Cat.#L5) from AgHb-471 (P139)


Page 78

P142





P143





P144

Findspot P144 was encountered on a gently sloping ploughed surface. The find consists of one piece of shatter manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 144). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558531 4772379 [NAD 27] for P144 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the isolated character of the artifact, no further work is recommended at this find spot.




P145






Page 79

AgHb-185 – P146

Findspot P146 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one primary thinning flake possibly manufactured from Fossil Hill chert (Table 146). This artifact is not diagnostic of any particular temporal period or cultural affiliation. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558614 4772589 [NAD 27] for P146 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the discovery of a Fossil Hill chert flake, it is recommended that the site be revisited. If additional artifacts are encountered, the site should be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.



L1 1 Surface Primary thinning flake Unknown Fossill Hill?

AgHb-472 – P147

Site AgHb-472 was encountered on a gently sloping to relatively flat ploughed surface (Plate 93). The lithic scatter extended approximately 10 m north-south and 10 m east-west. The artifact assemblage consists of one primary thinning flake, two pieces of shatter and one projectile point fragment, all manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 147, Plate 38). The projectile point fragment is a Late Archaic (ca. 2,500-1,000 B.C.) stemmed point, possibly either a Perkiomen or Innes point (Cat.#L3). The blade is thin and asymmetrical and the base is slightly convex. It has the following dimensions: length, 23 mm; width, 25 mm; thickness, 6 mm; base width, 3 mm; notch width, 9 mm; and notch depth, 6 mm. One piece of fire cracked rock was encountered but not retained. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558878 4772549 [NAD 27] for AgHb-472 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the size and density of the surface scatter and the recovery of diagnostic tools, it is recommended that AgHb-472 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment. Plate 40: Late Archaic stemmed projectile point from AgHb-472 (P147)


Page 80


Cat. # Qty Sub-


L (mm)

W (mm)

T (mm)

Thermal Alt.

# Altered Comments


Onondaga



Onondaga 23 25 6 Late Archaic stemmed pt., either Perkiomen or Innes, broken blade is thin, asymmetrical and base is slightly convex; base w=13; notch w=9, d=6mm

AgHb-473 – P148

Site AgHb-473 was encountered on a relatively flat ploughed surface. The find consists of one complete projectile point manufactured from Onondaga chert (Table 148, Plate 39). The projectile point is a Late Woodland Iroquoian triangular point (ca. AD 1,500-1,600) with the following dimensions: length, 32 mm; width, 18 mm; and thickness, 4 mm (Cat.#L1). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558998 4772599 [NAD 27] for AgHb-473 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The field crew examined a 20 m radius around the find at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. Given the recovery of a diagnostic tool, it is recommended that AgHb-473 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation


(mm) W

(mm) T

(mm) Comments

L1 1 Surface Projectile point Onondaga 32 18 4 Iroquoian triangular pt., concave base w basal thinning, collateral flaking

Plate 41: Iroquoian triangular point from AgHb-473 (P148)


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3.1.3 Historic Sites and Findspots

Historical artifacts are dated by the material from which they are made and by the type of decoration and motif that they feature. Historical artifact date ranges for Ontario are presented in Table 149. A historical site is distinguished from a findspot by either the quantity of material encountered (>20 artifacts) or by the presence of diagnostic artifacts, such as refined white earthenware ceramics.

Table 150: Nineteenth Century Artifact Date Ranges in Ontario Artifact Type Before 1830 1830-1845 1845-1870 1870-1890 After 1890

Nails Wrought Machine Cut Machine Cut Machine Cut Wire

Ceramic Wares

Pearlware Creamware

Refined White Earthenware (RWE)

Refined White Earthenware (RWE) Ironstone introduced

Ironstone common

Semi-porcelain introduced

Edge Blue and Green scalloped

Mostly blue scalloped

Blue straight Not common Not common

Painted All Blue or Early Palette*

Late Palette** Late Palette Not common Not common

Sponged Not found Rare Common Becomes rare Rare

Printed Blue only Blue, brown, black,

red, purple or green

Blue, brown, black Blue and browns popular in 1880’s

Many colours; over glaze

Flow Not found Not found Popular Not common Revival of Flow

Yelloware Not found Introduced in

1840’s Present Present Present

Guns

Flintlocks; Percussion invented in 1807

Percussion; Flintlocks in decline

Percussion; rise of cartridge in 1860s

Cartridge Cartridge

Glass Bottles: Bases

Pontil mark

Pontil mark

Pontil mark in decline

No pontil mark No pontil mark

Glass Bottles: Manufacture

Cup mould, two piece open mold, and three piece mold



Seam from base to lip

Seam from base onto lip and over lip

Glass Bottles: Finish

“Crown” finish; threaded lips common

Other

U.S. McKinley tariff act of 1891 requires country of origin to be marked on goods.

H1

Site H1 was encountered within a gently rolling ploughed field in the northern part of the study area. The find consists of one indeterminate lead fragment and one indeterminate long bone fragment (Table 150). The field crew examined the entire area at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558994 4772808 [NAD 27] for H1 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. Given the character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.


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Table 151: Artifact Catalogue for H1

Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Class Sub-class Type Comments

H1 1 Surface Indeterminate Indeterminate Unidentified small lead fragment with impressed rounded lines motif on one side, rough edges

F1 1 Surface Faunal Mammal indeterminate Longbone

AgHb-413

Site AgHb-413 was encountered during pedestrian survey of an area of ploughed field in the northern part of the study area (Plate 71). The scatter extended approximately 81 m north-south and 77 m east-west. A total of 360 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of 98 artifacts was collected from the site (Appendix A - Table 1). A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559098 4772951 [NAD 27] was established at the centre of the scatter using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The ceramic assemblage consists of sherds of Pearlware, RWE and Ironstone tablewares, with decorated, undecorated and transfer printed motifs. Personal items such as pipe stem fragments were also recovered. These materials were commonly found on rural farmsteads, pre-1830s through to 1880s, throughout this region of Ontario. In addition to this, three metal artifacts, two bronze kettle scraps and a possible rolled copper bead (Cat.#M1 and Cat.#M2) were recovered. The presence of these three artifacts may suggest a component of the site dates to the Late Iroquoian and/or contact period history of Brantford. Given the size and density of the surface scatter and its rich nature, it is recommended that AgHb-413 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment. Plate 42: Select artifacts from AgHb-413. a: Cat.#H1, b: Cat.#H3, c: Cat.#H6, d: Cat.#H10, e: Cat.#H13, f: Cat.#H14 and g: Cat.#H47.

Plate 43: Metal artifacts from AgHb-413. Cat.#M1 and Cat.#M2

ab

c

d e f

g


Page 83

H3

Site H3 was encountered within a gently rolling ploughed field in the northern part of the study area. The find consists of one metal button (Table 151). The field crew examined the area at one metre intervals; no additional artifacts were found. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558943 4772251 [NAD 27] for H3 was recorded using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. Given the character of the surface scatter, no further work is recommended at this find spot.

Table 152: Artifact Catalogue for H3

Cat. # Qty Sub-Operation Class Sub-class Type Material Comments

H1 1 Surface Personal Artifacts

Clothing Button Metal - Cuprous

oxidized cuprous two part button

AgHb-414

Site AgHb-414 was encountered during pedestrian survey of an area of ploughed field on a gentle slope overlooking a low wet area and small tributary in the south-central part of the study area. The scatter extended approximately 37 m north-south and 33 m east-west. A total of 105 artifacts was encountered on the surface and a representative sample of 39 artifacts was collected from the site (Appendix B - Table 2).A UTM coordinate of 17T 0558805 4772476 [NAD 27] was established at the centre of the scatter using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. The ceramic assemblage consists of sherds of Pearlware, RWE and Stoneware tablewares, with decorated, undecorated and transfer printed motifs. These materials were commonly found on the early to mid-nineteenth century rural farmsteads, throughout this region of Ontario. Given the density of the scatter, nature of the artifacts and history outlined in Sections 2.3, 3.1.4 and 4.3.3, it is recommended that AgHb-413 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Plate 44: Select artifacts from AgHb-414 (H4). A: Blue Chinoiserie Transfer Print Muffin Plate Cat.#H2, b: Hand-painted Late Palette Saucer Cat.#H3, c: Transfer Print Flatware fragment Cat.#H7 and d: Scalloped Edgeware Flatware Cat.#H9.

a b

c d


Page 84

Blacker Brickworks (AgHb-415)

Site AgHb-415 was encountered during pedestrian survey of an area of ploughed field in the eastern central part of the study area. The scatter extended approximately 55 m north-south and 68 m east-west. A UTM coordinate of 17T 0559009 4772531 [NAD 27] was established at the centre of the scatter using a handheld global positioning system (GPS) unit. A total of three artifacts was collected from the scatter (Table 152, Plate 43). The artifact assemblage collected during the Stage 2 survey of the AgHb-415 consists of two machine cut nails (1830-1880) and an indeterminate light green container glass sherd. Given the history of the site discussed in Sections 4.3.5 and 4.3.6, it is recommended that AgHb-415 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.


Cat. #

Qty Sub-Operation Class Sub-class Type Material Comments

H1 1 Surface Indeterminate Indeterminate Container - Unidentifiable

Glass light green glass

H2 2 Surface Architectural Building component

Nail - Machine Cut Metal - Ferrous

AgHb-416

Site AgHb-416 was encountered within a grassed area surrounding a twentieth century brick house along the eastern boundary of the study area (Plate 72-75 and 80). The site extended approximately 37 m north-south and

Plate 45: Select artifacts from Blackers Brickworks AgHb-415 (Cat.#H2)


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37 m east-west. A UTM co-ordinate of 17T 0559175 4772841 [NAD 27] was established at the centre of the site. The site was first encountered during the test pit survey of this grassed area. The terrain is relatively flat. Wherever a positive test pit was encountered during the five metre interval survey of the area, the positive test pit was encircled with an additional eight test pits at a radius of one metre. A total of 71 artifacts was collected from 11 positive test pits (Appendix C - Table 3, Plate 44). Topsoils consisted of a dark reddish brown clayey loam that ranged in depth from 34 cm to 54 cm deep. The subsoil was noted to be light reddish brown clay. Additionally, the field crew noted a scatter of artifacts in the agricultural fields bounding the house to the north and south. An additional 25 artifacts, 10 from the north field and 15 from the south field were collected (Appendix C - Table 3). The material culture recovered during the Stage 2 survey of AgHb-416 included RWE, Ironstone, Semi-porcelain and Bone China ceramics which are typical of a mid–nineteenth century to early twentieth century occupation. The test pits also included, window glass, brick fragments, colourless glass container fragments and coloured glass tableware as well as hand wrought (pre-1830s), machine cut (1830-1880) and wire (post 1890) nails. The historical material from this site dates from the early nineteenth to early twentieth century. Given the density of the scatter, nature of the artifacts and history outlined in Sections 2.3, 3.1.4 and 4.3.5, it is recommended that AgHb-416 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

AgHb-417

Site AgHb-417 was encountered within a grassed area, adjacent to an old demolished house and north of the contemporary barn in the northern part of the study area (Plates 76-79). The site extended approximately 15 m north-south and 33 m east-west. A UTM co-ordinate of 17T 0559109 4772900 [NAD 27] was established at the centre of the site.

Plate 46: Select artifacts from AgHb-416. a: Floware Cat.#H1, b: Transfer Printed sherd Cat.#H10, c: Ceramic sherd Cat.#H35, d: Milk Glass fragment Cat.#H58 and e: Pipe Stem Fragment Cat.#H49

a b c

d e


Page 86

The site was first encountered during the test pit survey of this grassed area. The terrain is relatively flat to gently sloping. Wherever a positive test pit was encountered during the five metre interval survey of the area, the positive test pit was encircled with additional test pits at a radius of one metre. A total of 25 artifacts was collected from eight positive test pits (Appendix D - Table 4, Plate 45). Topsoils consisted of a reddish brown clayey loam that ranged in depth from 27 cm to 79 cm deep. The subsoil was noted to be light reddish brown clay. Additionally, the field crew noted a scatter of artifacts in the agricultural fields northwest and southwest of the barn. An additional 20 artifacts, 17 from the northwest field and 3 from the southwest field was collected (Appendix D - Table 4). The ceramic assemblage collected during the Stage 2 survey of the AgHb-416 consists of sherds of RWE and Ironstone tablewares, with undecorated and moulded motifs. There was also aqua and colourless container glass and both machine cut (1830-1880) and wire (post 1890) nails. These materials were commonly found on mid- to late nineteenth century rural farmsteads throughout this region of Ontario. Given the density of the scatter, nature of the artifacts and history outlined in Sections 2.3 and 4.0, it is recommended that AgHb-417 be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment.

Plate 47: Select artifacts from AgHb-417. a: Moulded Supper Plate Cat.#H16, b: Undecorated sherd Cat.#H18, c: Undecorated sherd Cat.#H19, d: Salt-glazed Framgent Cat.#H20, and Glass Bottle Fragments e: Cat.#H22 and f:

a

d

cb

e f


Page 87

3.1.4 Review of Historic Features indicated on the 1875 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Brant County

As outlined in Section 2.3, a number of historic homesteads are indicated within the boundary of the study area. The location of the T. Brooks homestead within the northern portion of the property may correspond to the site AgHb-413. The E. Blacker homestead located along the eastern boundary of the property may correspond to the AgHb-416 site. Although not illustrated on the Historical Atlas, further archival research has indicated a number of other significant historic features such as Blacker Brickworks. Furthermore, the archival research documents later Aboriginal occupation and use of the study area lands. This will be discussed in Section 4.0.

4.0 LAND USE HISTORY

The study area lands are located within the “Stewart and Ruggles Tract” on the west side of the Grand River in the City of Brantford. The study area is situated in the former Township of Brantford, in the County of Brant. This land has been converted to the POLARIS system, and it now comprises lands in Block 32067. Prior to 1649-50, the area around Brantford had been inhabited by the Neutral Indians. Their principal village, said to have been named “Kandoucho,” was probably on or in the vicinity of the site of the present-day City of Brantford. It was undoubtedly destroyed by the Iroquois sometime between 1649 and 1651 (Mika 1977:252).

4.1 Administrative and Survey History

Brant was not one of the “original” counties established in Upper Canada during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. It formed part of the old Western District between 1788 and 1798. Thereafter for electoral, municipal and judicial purposes, portions of it belonged to the Niagara, London and Home Districts from 1798 until 1816. Between 1816 and 1837, Brant comprised part of the Gore and London Districts, and then it was attached to the Gore and Brock Districts from 1837 until 1850. Brant was elevated to independent County status through legislation passed in 1851 (14 & 15 Vic. ch. 5). It was initially united with Wentworth and Halton for municipal and judicial purposes, but separated from this union in 1853. At various times, parts of Brantford belonged to the West Riding of York, and to the Counties of Halton, Haldimand, Wentworth and Oxford (Gardiner 1899:289; Mika 1977:252, 256; Armstrong 1985:151; Jonasson 2006:202). . The area upon which Brantford Township was laid out formed part of a tract of land six miles wide on either side of the Ouse or Grand River, which extended from its’ source to its’ mouth. This land was granted to the Six Nations “as a safe and comfortable retreat for them” by Governor Frederick Haldimand on October 25, 1784. This grant was made partly in consideration of their Loyalty and services during the American Revolutionary War, and also on account of the subsequent loss of their ancestral territory in Western New York State. This land surrender was later referred to as Treaty No. 106. Additional treaties (numbers 3 and 4) which confirmed this land to the Six Nations were made in December 1792 and January 1793 respectively (Indian Treaties vol. 1 pp. 5, 9, 251). One of the earliest published Gazetteers covering Upper Canada in detail referred to the “Mohawk Village” on the Ouse. It was described as “the chief settlement of the six nations of Indians; Captain Brant, one of the chiefs, resides in this village. The situation is handsome; the Indians have here a church and school, both supported by the British government.” In the late 1790s, this settlement contained both a gristmill and a sawmill, as well as a council house and blacksmith shop (Smith 1799:56, 109-110; Boulton 1805:84).


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Brant County and Brantford Township were named in honour of the famous Mohawk Chief Joseph Brant or Thayendanegea (1742-1807), who was born along the Ohio River. Brant was a valuable native ally to the British during the American Revolutionary War. He collected funds for the Mohawk Chapel, which was constructed in 1786. Brant also translated the Gospel of Mark and the Book of Common Prayer into Mohawk. He died at the Head of the Lake at Burlington, then known as “Wellington Square,” where a replica of his original dwelling has been constructed. Brant was buried in the churchyard of the Mohawk Chapel. The Township is said to have received its name around 1825, and was called “Brant’s Ford” on account of a boom which was thrown across the river at this crossing point (Gardiner 1899:291; Mika 1977:252, 256; Rayburn 1997:42).1 Much of the area covered by Brantford Township was not formally surveyed until 1830-31, when this task was undertaken by Lewis Burwell. The majority of the early “legal” Euro-Canadian settlers did not take up their land holdings until the 1830s. Several additional surveys followed in the years between 1833 and 1853.2 The town site of Brantford was not surrendered to the Crown until 1830, when the first survey was also undertaken by Lewis Burwell. In the 1840s, a canal was constructed by the Grand River Navigation Company which linked Brantford with Lake Erie. The city thus became the head of navigation along the Grand for any of the larger ships which sailed upon the “upper” Great Lakes (Mika 1977:256-257; Armstrong 1985:141; Winearls 1991:469-470). The soil was described as “varied” by a nineteenth century observer. On the west side of the river it was situated in the oak plains, containing “plain land, sandy soil and fairly productive,” with “much stronger” soil inclined to clay in the west of the township. “On the whole, this township embraces a very fine tract of country” (Page & Smith 1875:xv). In 1846, about 72% of the available land in Brantford Township was taken up and was under cultivation, assessed at £114,437. Farm land could be purchased in Brantford for about $30 or $40 per acre in the mid- nineteenth century. This “fine township” then contained “numerous well cultivated farms.” The land on the west side of Brantford was classified as “oak plains,” which was “light land, easy of cultivation.” It was observed that “under proper management” the land in Brantford produced “superior wheat.” This was mainly due to the readily available local supply of plaster or lime which was used for sweetening the ground. The township contained six grist mills and six saw mills in the early 1840s. The population in 1841 numbered approximately 5,199 (Smith 1846:19; Smith 1851:240).

4.2 Stewart and Ruggles Tract

The “Stewart and Ruggles Tract,” a parcel of land containing at least 1,400 acres, was first patented by Jemima Stewart and Sarah Ruggles on June 25, 1835. It was named by the surveyors, and for the purposes of Land Registry, after the names of these patentees (Brantford Township Abstract Index to Deeds, vol. “C” p. 183). It was erroneously stated in a newspaper article which appeared in 1949, that this tract was named after Captain Stewart and Captain Ruggles, “loyal colonial miltia officers who had lost all their holdings as the result of the American revolution and, on coming to Canada, were recompensed by the Crown with a grant of 600 acres each” (Waldie 1952:66).

1 Other sources claim the name “Brantford” was not officially conferred on the Township until 1840. It is said that alternative names suggested for Brantford included “Biggar’s Town” and “Lewisville,” but this probably referred to the town rather than the township (Gardiner 1899:291; Rayburn 1997:42). 2 The “Oxbow Tract” was surveyed by William Walker in 1842, the survey of the “Burch Tract” was altered by Walker in 1843, the “Kerr Tract” was surveyed by Burwell in 1845, the “Eagles Nest Tract” by Walker (1845), the “Brant Tract” by Burwell and David Thorburn (1848), and two minor surveys containing the “residue” of the township were made in 1849 and 1853 (see Winearls 1991:469-470).


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Stewart and Ruggles were sisters by birth. Their grandfather was Sir William Johnson (ca 1715-1774), the Irish born Indian superintendent, who settled in the Mohawk Valley of New York State at his home called “Johnson Hall.” Their grandmother was simply referred to as an “Indian woman.” Their son was named Kaghneghtaga (ca 1748-March 1818), although he was also known as “Young Brant” and also as “Cognac Johnson.” Kaghneghtaga was married to a “white woman” said to have been named Margaret Campbell, and they had at least four daughters, Eliza, Mary, Jemima and Sarah. Young Brant seems to have later resided for a time at Canajoharie, but died at the Grand River. His wife may have been dead by 1783, since she was not listed in the family grouping on the census taken at Niagara in that year. Note that many sources erroneously claim that the girls were actually the daughters of Molly Brant. Jemima Johnson was born in New York State around 1766, and her sister Sarah was born several years later around 1775. Their father was mentioned in contemporary records as a Lieutenant in the Indian Department. The family was enumerated in a census of Loyalists residing “at Niagara,” which probably meant Fort Niagara, on December 1, 1783. They appear to have brought two servants with them, one was a man simply referred to as “James,” and the other was recorded on this census as a “negro woman.” The sisters presented a petition to the Executive Council in June 1793, praying for lands “located by their father…in 1785, which have since been assigned by their father for their use.” In 1796, the Johnson sisters’ petition for their father’s 2000 acres was confirmed to them, and an additional 800 acres to each sister “in consideration of their personal merits” (Fraser 1930:34; Fraser 1931:76; Taylor 1992:14). Jemima Johnson was married at St. Mark’s (Anglican) Church at Niagara to Alexander Stewart on December 7, 1796. They were to raise a family of three sons and three daughters, who were born at Niagara between 1797 and 1811. Their youngest son was named Brant Johnson Stewart, who was baptized by the Reverend Robert Addison at St. Mark’s on April 28, 1811 (St. Mark’s Anglican Church Register, “Weddings Niagara 1796” and “Baptisms Niagara 1811;” Reid 1973:164, 309). Alexander Stewart was a Loyalist who had served as a Lieutenant in Colonel Thomson’s Regiment in the Royal American Dragoons during the American Revolutionary War.3 After the end of the War, he sought refuge in New Brunswick, but he had settled permanently in Niagara sometime during the mid-1790s. Alexander Stewart petitioned the Executive Council for lands in July 1796, in which he stated that he had received 500 acres in New Brunswick, but prayed for an additional 1000 acres. This was granted to him, as well as a town lot at Niagara which he was granted in May 1797. By later in that same year, Stewart was acting as a trustee on behalf of the Six Nations, empowered to receive mortgage money and other securities for them from the sale of their lands. Joseph Brant was “curiously amused” with Stewart’s views that certain obstacles existed which might have prevented the sales of these lands.4 Stewart was admitted to the Law Society of Upper Canada as a barrister at their first meeting at Niagara in Trinity term 1797. Stewart became a member of the first Freemason’s Lodge at Niagara in 1797, and served as treasurer for that fraternal organization. The family dwelling house appears to have been situated at the corner of Prideaux and Regent Streets. The land may have originally been leased or rented as early as 1800, when he secured a mortgage for these premises. He built what must have been a substantial house on this property, which was unfortunately destroyed when the American troops burned the Town of Niagara in December 1813. Stewart does not appear to have taken any active role in the early campaigns in the War of 1812, nor did he live to see the Town of Niagara captured and his house burned, since he died and was buried at St. Mark’s on February 3, 1813. Letters Probate in his estate were filed in the Surrogate Court for Lincoln County in 1816 (Old UEL List 1885:260; St. Mark’s Anglican Church Register, “Burials Niagara 1813;” Robertson 1900:363; Fitzgerald 1993:189, 198, 212.)

3 Note that in some sources he was referred to as “Captain Stewart.” 4 Brant’s “amusement” centered around the fact that Stewart insisted that the deeds conveying Indian lands to settlers along the Grand River required the signature of the “old women” of the Six Nations, “a thing quite strange and new to us” (Cruikshank 1935: 105).


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Mrs. Stewart submitted a War Losses claim for this house which amounted to £500, but she received just £71.8.6¾ for her claim. During the war, Mrs. Stewart was awarded £25 by the Loyal and Patriotic Society, due to the fact that she and her “large family” were considered to be “in great distress.” She and her young children went to live at the home of her sister and brother-in-law, Elizabeth and Ralfe Clench. This house was one of the few which had escaped the burning of the Town due to the fact that it was laundry day and water had been drawn into the house for that purpose. This building stood until the spring of 1814 with nineteen inhabitants under its roof, when it, too, was accidentally burned leaving both families homeless. In 1818, Mrs. Stewart purchased the corner property at King and Prideaux Streets from the owner, Augustus Jones. Her son, Alexander Stewart Jr., built the finely arcaded brick house in 1830, which still stands at this spot numbered 42 Prideaux Street. Presumably Mrs. Stewart also lived in this house with her son and daughter-in-law. Jemima Stewart died at the residence of her sister and brother-in-law, Dr. John J. Lafferty, at Drummondville (now part of the City of Niagara Falls) on December 26, 1840. She was probably buried in St. Mark’s Churchyard in Niagara-on-the-Lake, although neither her grave nor that of her husband appears to have ever been marked. The large Johnson, Clench, Claus and Kerr family plot is located in the north-west quarter of the churchyard (Gray 1817:272, 298, 380, 396; Carnochan 1914:40, 108; Cruikshank 1931: 211, 226; Fraser 1931:36, 138; Cruikshank 1935:42; Johnston 1964:98ff; Stokes 1971:20-21; Armstrong 1985:128). Less information is known about Sarah Johnson. She was also born in New York State probably around 1775. She was named in a “census” of Loyalists, living with her father and sisters at Fort Niagara in December 1783. There are no records which referred to her in the Niagara area after that time, which raises the possibility that she may have opted to live amongst the Six Nations people on the Grand River. She was married in Ancaster to William Ruggles, or Rougles, a shoemaker who resided in nearby Burford Township, on January 23, 1823. Witnesses to the event were William Knoll, a “yeoman” of Ancaster, and George Rousseaux, innkeeper at Ancaster, and son of the late merchant and Indian interpreter Jean Baptiste Rousseaux. There appear to have been no children from this union. Ruggles himself died “at the Mohawk Village near Brantford” in April 1831, and was buried there on April 24th. His death notice was published in the Christian Guardian newspaper. Based upon evidence contained in the Brantford Township Abstract Index to deeds, we know that Sarah Ruggles died sometime between May and December 1851. At this time Elizabeth Johnson Clench, inherited 150 acres of land in the Stewart and Ruggles tract from Sarah’s estate (Christian Guardian May 7, 1831; Brantford Memorial deed #126; Wilson 1985:76). There appears to be a very early reference to the “Stewart and Ruggles Tract” in a “Resolution” made by the Six Nations’ Council at the Onondaga Village on March 1, 1809. An American land speculator and settler named Benaijah Mallory (d. 1814) “pretended” to have a claim against part of the Six Nations’ lands. His claim was “disallowed” by the council “as we know nothing about it.” The resolution continued: “there is farms marked out along the River for the children of Dr. Kerr along the river, and also for the children of Kaghneghtaghno … this we allow of because we were made acquainted with it.” This must clearly be a reference to Brant Johnson and his children (Johnston 1964:110). Jemima Stewart and Sarah Ruggles sold or conveyed a significant portion of their interest in this “Tract” to Johnson Stewart by means of an undated deed. This is probably none other than Brant Johnson Stewart, son of Jemima and Alexander Stewart, who was born at Niagara in 1810-11. Other instruments registered slightly later suggest that this conveyance was made in the latter part of 1835, and certainly before January 1836. Stewart mortgaged his lands at this time in favour of the Niagara merchant Samuel Street (Brantford Memorial deeds #2138, 2279). Johnson Stewart was born at Niagara, either in late 1810 or early 1811, since he was baptized in April of 1811. There are few details of his early life, although we know that he was confirmed at St. Mark’s, Niagara, in September 1826. The abstract index to deeds for Brantford Township suggests that Stewart was married sometime between July 1840 and June 1844, since deeds from the earlier year were executed by him alone, but


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in those deeds registered in the latter year his wife signed in order to bar her dower. He was named in the Brantford Township census of 1851-52 as a “gentleman” who was born in Upper Canada. He was a member of the Church of England. His wife was named Mary (b. ca 1825), and they had four children named Alexander (b. ca 1844), Jemima (b. ca 1846), Mary (b. ca 1848) and Huron (b. ca 1850). The remainder of the household consisted of two servants or labourers named Margaret and George Taylor, as well as a possible relative named Ella Stewart who was born about 1824 (1851 Brantford census “North Ward” p. 7). During the 1860s, the township assessment rolls recorded him as a “farmer” and “yeoman.” He was listed among the local militia “reseves” in 1865. The abstract index to deeds shows that Stewart was still alive as late as July 1875. He was not enumerated in any census returns after 1871. This suggests that he either died or moved away from the area sometime between 1875, when his name last appeared in the abstract index, and the next census of 1881. In November 1839, Johnson Stewart transferred title to 400 acres of this tract of land to his sisters, Margaret and Elizabeth Clench Stewart. He made a further conveyance to them for an additional 300 acres in December 1851. There appears to have been some dispute over a 140 acre parcel of this land, since a Chancery certificate was registered on title in January 1860 (Brantford Memorial deeds #802, 154 and 1703). Little information is known about the sisters. Margaret was born at Niagara, and baptized by Rev. Addison at St. Mark’s on March 8, 1801. She submitted a petition to the Executive Council for a grant of land as the daughter of a Loyalist (DUE), for which an order-in-council was issued in February 1829. There is no baptismal record for Elizabeth Clench Stewart. She was probably born sometime between 1805 and 1809, and falls in neatly between the known birthdates of the other children. She also applied for land as a DUE, for which an order-in-council was issued in late February 1840. Both the sisters were still alive in November 1863, when they sold a 110 acre parcel of land to Anne Claus, who was probably the wife of their nephew, H.D. Claus. Margaret may have been living in the town of Niagara as late as 1871. Both sisters may have been buried at St. Mark’s Church in the large family plot in the north-west quarter of the cemetrey, which contains the graves of other members of the extended Johnson, Kerr, Stewart, Clench and Claus families (St. Mark’s Anglican Church Register, “Baptisms Niagara 1801;” Reid 1973: 309; Brantford Memorial deed #2736).

4.3 History of Study Area

4.3.1 Tutela (Tutelo) Heights

The lands along the Grand River containing the study area originally formed part of the territory occupied by the Tutelo people. This was a small group of Siouan natives, who had originally settled in the area of West Virginia, Kentucky and North Carolina. They were gradually forced off of their ancestral lands, and by 1753 they had migrated northwards into New York State where they were adopted as part of the Cayuga tribe. A small band of the Tutelos came into Upper Canada as Loyalists with the other Six Nations. A census of the natives along the Grand River showed that there were 55 “Upper Tootalies” and 19 “Lower Tootalies” settled here in 1785. An “Indian Census” of 1810 showed 53 Upper and 29 Lower “Tootelies.” In 1811, these numbers had changed to 64 Upper and 41 Lower Tutelos. In June 1813, it is known that sixteen “Tutaleys” were present at the Battle of Beaverdams, although Captain Kerr only noted four Tutelos at Beaverdams in his official return. A map of Brantford, compiled by the Reverend Robert Lugger in February 1828, showed the “Upper Cayugas” settled here at a place called “Tatulis Heights.” It is reported that the Tutelos were “nearly exterminated in an epidemic of Asiatic cholera in 1832.” By 1843, the “Upper Cayuga village” was described as “now deserted” and the total population of Tutelos was a mere 40 “included in the Upper Cayuga return.” The Tutelo longhouse or council house is said to have once stood “opposite the later site of the Bell Homestead and a few yards to the southwest,” and that a Tutelo burial ground was located “in a sand knoll a few hundred yards southeast of the homestead.” The land here was originally covered with “gigantic trees, mostly elm and sycamore, some with


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only a small tuft of branches at the top,” in which eagles and wood ducks or mergansers used to nest (Waldie 1952:66; Johnston 1964:52, 203, 205, 281, 307).

4.3.2 R. Brooks Farm

Richard Brooks was the owner of more than 200 acres of land in the Stewart and Ruggles Tract. His first purchase, containing about 60 acres, was made from Johnson Stewart in July 1840. He purchased an additional 53 acres from the Stewart sisters in May 1845, and another 70 acres was bought from the sisters in May 1853. In 1859, he acquired another 50 acres from the estate of Joseph Noles. Noles had purchased his property from Sarah Ruggles during the 1830s and 1840s (Brantford Memorial deeds #80, 457, 53 and 3425). Brooks (b. ca 1807) was a native of England. He had settled in Upper Canada as a farmer with his wife, Eliza (b. ca 1809), sometime around 1835. By 1851-52, their family consisted of six children aged between six and sixteen years, and Joseph Brooks (possibly the family patriarch) who was aged 66. The family belonged to the “Scotch Independent” Church. The family employed two servants or labourers, named Rugan McGowan and Rebecca Perry (1851 Brantford census division 2 p. 8). In 1855, for example, the Brooks farm was assessed at $1200, with an additional $100 in personal property. Brooks was required to perform 10 days statute labour (road work) for the township based on this assessment. By 1860, Brooks must have cleared much more of his farm and perhaps built a better house, since his assessment had jumped to $5200 with an additional $400 in personal property. The assessed value of his farm had decreased slightly by 1865, but this may be explained due to the fact that he had sold or leased away about 50 acres of his farm, which was now valued at just $4000 (Brantford Township Assessment Rolls, Ward 2, 1855, 1860, 1865.) In 1871, the census noted that the widower Richard Brooks resided on this land with three of his adult children, Ann, Richard and William. The agricultural census showed that they owned 185 acres, of which 110 acres was “improved,” 12 acres was under pasture and three acres contained orchards or gardens. The Brooks farm produced fall and spring wheat, barley, oats, peas, corn, potatoes, turnips, carrots and apples, as well as hay and some firewood. The livestock consisted of horses, colts, milch cows, other “horned cattle,” pigs and sheep. Additional farm produce consisted of butter, wool, and barrels of cured beef, mutton and pork. In addition to the family residence and farm buildings, the chattels included two reapers, a horse rake, a fanning mill and ploughs. By 1881, Brooks resided with just his adult daughter, Annie (b. 1841). He appears to have died during the 1880s, since his name was no longer enumerated in the 1891 census (1871 Brantford census, division C2 p. 38; 1881 census division 2 p. 30). The Tremaine map of Brantford showed that this property was in the possession of R. Brooks. Unfortunately, this particular Tremaine map did not show the location of any structures, only the boundaries of the individual farm lots. By the mid-1870s, this farm had been divided into equal halves, which were in the hands of W. and T. Brooks. This land had been sold by Brooks to his sons, in 1873. By 1901, Richard Brooks Jr. was enumerated as the head of this household. His immediate family consisted of his adult sister, Annie, his wife Margaret (b. 1845) and son Charles (b. 1883). By 1911, Charles was no longer enumerated in the census as a member of this household. The Brooks family at that time consisted of Richard and Margaret, as well as four members of the Anders family who were described as “boarders” (1901 Census, division B6 p. 7; 1911 Census, division 12 p. 11).


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4.3.3 W. Brooks Farm

The Brantford abstract index indicates that William Brooks purchased 50 acres from his father, Richard Brooks, in December 1873. Unfortunately, no agricultural census returns were preserved after 1871; therefore no complete picture of the kind of crops grown and livestock that would have been raised on this land during the fourth quarter of the nineteenth century can be gleamed (Brantford deeds #6123). This farm contained a house and rear orchard in the 1870s. Based upon the scale and accuracy of the map of Brantford published in the Page and Smith Atlas (1875), the house would have been situated approximately 618.75 feet distant from the Tutela Heights Road.

4.3.4 T. Brooks Farm

The Brantford abstract index indicates that Thomas Brooks purchased 50 acres from Richard Brooks in December 1873.5 Unfortunately, no agricultural census returns were preserved after 1871; therefore no complete picture of the kind of agricultural activities that would have been carried out on this land during the fourth quarter of the nineteenth century can be gleamed (Brantford deeds #6124). Brooks had leased part of this land prior to the time of his purchase of the farm, since he was enumerated in the township assessment rolls during the 1860s. In 1865, for example, the 57 acre Thomas Brooks farm was assessed at $1710, with an additional $200 in personal property. Brooks was required to perform 5 days statute labour (road work) for the township based on this assessment. This roll also noted that he was a private (2nd class) in the local militia (Brantford Township Assessment Rolls, Ward 2, 1865.) This farm contained a house and rear orchard in the 1870s. Based upon the scale and accuracy of the map of Brantford published in the Page and Smith Atlas (1875), the house would have been situated approximately 620 feet distant from the Tutela Heights Road. The 1891 census named Thomas Brooks (b. June 1836), farmer, as the head of the household. His wife, Sarah (b. August 1838) was a native of England. Their family consisted of four sons, John (1864), Richard (1865), Edgar (1870) and William (1877). By 1901, all of the boys remained at home with the exception of Edgar. A servant, Emma Worthington, was also enumerated as a member of the household (1891 Brantford census, division A1 pp. 14-15; 1901 census, division B6 p. 6).

4.3.5 E. Blacker Farm

This property, containing about 130 acres, was purchased by Edward Blacker from Margaret and Elizabeth Clench Stewart in May 1853. A smaller parcel, containing slightly more than eight acres, was purchased by Blacker from the Stewart sisters in November 1858 (Brantford Memorial deeds #55, 1614). Edward Blacker (b. ca 1808) was a native of England. He settled in Brantford as a farmer with his wife, Margaret, sometime before 1843. By 1851-52, the family consisted of six young children between the ages of two and eight years. The family belonged to the “Independent” Church. Blacker employed a hired man named Edward Simpson, who was also a native of England. In 1865, Blacker was on the local militia “reserves” listing. 5 Thomas Brooks purchased sixty acres from his father at an earlier date, in March 1866 (Brantford deed #3440). Considering that the brothers obtained title to an equal amount of land on consecutively registered deeds in 1873, it seems likely that these deeds covered the study area lands, which were contiguous or adjoining parcels. A subsequent deed was registered on title in 1887, for four additional smaller parcels which Thomas bought within the Stewart and Ruggles and Tract. In 1897, the will of Richard Brooks was registered on title, by which Thomas and Richard Brooks Jr. inherited some additional smaller parcels of land (Brantford deeds #11998 and 16834).


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In 1855, for example, the Blacker farm was assessed at $800, with an additional $100 in personal property. Blacker was required to perform 11 days statute labour (road work) for the township based on this assessment. By 1860, Blacker must have cleared much more of his farm and perhaps built a better house, since his assessment had jumped to $3660 with an additional $400 in personal property. The rolls show that Blacker owned a dog at that time. The assessed value of his farm had decreased slightly by 1865, but this may be explained due to the fact that he had sold or leased away about 8 acres of his farm, which was now valued at just $431.72 (Brantford Township Assessment Rolls, Ward 2, 1855, 1860, 1865.) The Tremaine map of Brantford (1858) showed that this property was in the possession of E. Blacker. Unfortunately, this particular Tremaine map did not show the location of any structures, only the boundaries of the individual farm lots. Other records show that this farm contained a house and front orchard in the 1870s. Based upon the scale and accuracy of the map of Brantford published in the Page and Smith Atlas (1875), the house would have been situated approximately 1031.25 feet distant from the Tutela Heights Road. Beyond this, further towards the middle portion of the farm, there was also a brickyard which stood about 2475 feet away from the road. In 1871, the household consisted of Blacker and his wife, four adult children (John, Edward, Mary and Annie), and two hired labourers named William and Thomas Tomlinson. Blacker owned 122 acres, which included a house and farm buildings. The family possessed several wagons, carriages and ploughs, as well as other chattels such as a reaper, horse rake, threshing machine and fanning mill. On their farm, sixty acres of land was cultivated, as well as pasture land and orchard and garden plots. The farm produce was strictly limited to fall wheat, peas and apples. Livestock consisted of horses, colts, milch cows, horned cattle, sheep, pigs and two hives of bees. Additional farm produce included barrels of cured beef and pork, forty pounds of honey, butter, wool, flannel cloth, and a substantial amount of firewood (250 cords). Perhaps the firewood was used in connection with the firing of bricks at the Blacker brickyard (1871 census, division C3 p. 65). Edward continued to farm until the early 1890s. During this time he lived with his adult daughter Annie, his wife having predeceased him in the 1880s (1851 Brantford census, division 2 pp. 7-8; 1881 census, division 3 p. 34; 1891 census, division A1 p. 15). Blacker died sometime after the census was taken in April 1891, but before November 1894. His sons, Edward Jr. and Robert, inherited the real property of the estate through their father’s will, which was dated December 1890 and registered on title in November 1894 (Brantford deed #15663). By 1901, the census enumerated Edward Blacker Jr. (b. 1844) as the head of the family. The remainder of the household consisted of his siblings, Mary (b. 1847), Annie (b. 1848) and William (b. 1850), as well as a domestic named Alma Williams (1901 Brantford census, division B6 p. 7).

4.3.6 Blacker Brickyard

The Blacker Brickyard appears to have been operational during the 1870s and 1880s. It was in existence and noted in the 1871 Census for Brantford Township. The business consisted of $1,000 in fixed capital and a further $1,000 floating capital. It employed ten men for eight months of the year, with aggregate wages of $1,600. The brickyard consumed $500 worth of clay and sand, and produced $3,800 worth of bricks annually. The brickyard was clearly shown on the 1875 map of Brantford. In May 1888, two parcels of land containing the brick works (on 13½ acres) was deeded by Robert Blacker to the Blacker Brick Co. This same property was


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later re-conveyed to Annie Blacker in December 1895 (1871 Brantford census, division 3 schedule 6; Page and Smith 1875; Brantford deeds #12707, 16218).

Plate 48: Schedule 6 “Return of Industrial Establishments” (Brantford Township Census 1871), showing data for the “Blacker Brick Yard” second item from the bottom.

4.3.7 J. Stewart Farm

This farm undoubtedly formed part of the residue of the lands once owned by Brant Johnson Stewart, which had been purchased by him from his mother and aunt Sarah in about 1835. The Tremaine map of Brantford (1858) showed that this property remained in the possession of J. Stewart. Unfortunately, this particular Tremaine map did not show the location of any structures, only the boundaries of the individual farm lots. In 1860, for example, the 86 acre Stewart farm was assessed at $2580. Stewart was required to perform 6 days statute labour (road work) for the township based on this assessment. The assessed value of his farm had decreased slightly by 1865, but this may be explained due to the fact that he had sold or leased away about 3 acres of his farm, which was now valued at just $2400. The rolls note that the Stewart family owned a dog at that time (Brantford Township Assessment Rolls, Ward 2, 1860, 1865.) The rear portion of the Stewart farm, contained within the boundaries of the study area, does not appear to have had any standing structures according to the Page and Smith map of 1875. This is in contradiction to eyewitness accounts, which noted that “Captain Stewart’s dwelling house and farm buildings were located across the road from the Bell Homestead about 500 yards back from the road. In more recent years a brick house had been built.


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Captain Stewart’s old barn was destroyed by fire a few years ago while John Collard owned the property” (Waldie 1952:66).

4.4 Summary of Land Use Hisotry

The study area lands situated on Tutela Heights Road contains a long history. Lands on either side of the Grand River would have been utilized by the First Nations people for hunting and agrarian purposes long before the arrival of Europeans in southern Ontario. The land on either side of the Grand River took on additional significance in 1783, when a strip on both banks was reserved to the Six Nations on account of their Loyalty and loss of their native homeland in Western New York following the end of the American Revolutionary War. Maps from the early nineteenth century showed that this land was occupied by the Tutelos, a tribe that had migrated to New York State in the 1750s and had been adopted by the Cayugas. Tradition relates that the Tutelos had built a council house across the road from the Bell homestead during the mid-to-late 1780s, and that there may have been a Tutelo burial place located nearby. The burial place referred to may have been established during the early 1830s, since it is said that the Tutelos suffered heavily during the cholera epidemics which swept Upper Canada at that time. The study area lands appear to have been granted or otherwise allotted to Brant Johnson, and by the 1790s his daughters had petitioned the Executive Council for this land in their own right. A “resolution” passed by the Six Nations in 1809-10, seemed to recognize the legitimate claim that these young women had against this land. There are few surviving records for Brantford Township during the first quarter of the nineteenth century. It is not known if this land remained in a wild and uncultivated state, or if it was utilized for agricultural purposes. The land was patented by sisters Jemima Johnson and Sarah Ruggles, grand-daughters of Sir William Johnson, in 1835, and was almost immediately sold to Brant Johnson Stewart. The land was divided into parcels and part sold to Margaret and Eliza Clench Stewart, who were the sisters of Johnson Stewart. They continued to subdivide this tract of land, and to sell farm lots to Euro-Canadian settlers, from the 1830s until well into the 1860s. From the 1850s until the 1870s, the type of farming that was carried out on this land is known based upon the decennial agricultural census returns. The farms within the study area belonged to the Brooks, Blacker and Stewart families. Mixed agriculture was carried out here. This included the raising of livestock, and the growing of various fruit, cereal and root crops. Although agricultural returns were collected by the census enumerators, they were used for aggregate statistical purposes and not retained after 1871. The township assessment rolls did not record information regarding farm production in as much detail as the census, and are of very limited use. The Stewart farm was undoubtedly leased to tenant farmers, since Johnson Stewart himself was a resident in the Town of Brantford and described in the census returns as a “gentleman.” The dwelling houses and associated farm buildings which were located on this land probably dated from the second and third quarters of the nineteenth century. The Blacker brickyard at this site was documented as being in existence between ca 1871 and 1888. It may have been in existence during the 1860s, and perhaps remained in business until the mid-1890s. The operation appears to have occupied about 13 acres of land within the Stewart and Ruggles Tract. It operated for about eight months in each year, and provided employment for ten men. This business is thought to have primarily been engaged in the production of bricks, although it is not impossible that other wares may have also been manufactured by the firm such as clay drainage pipes or clay pots.


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5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The research carried out as part of the Stage 1 and 2 archaeological assessment of the Tutela Heights Phase 1 Stuart and Ruggles Tract, County of Brant, City of Brantford determined that no archaeological sites had been registered within the study area and that 18 sites had been registered within one kilometre of the study area. Review of the general physiography of the study area and nineteenth-century mapping suggested that the study area exhibits potential for the presence of pre-contact and Euro-Canadian archaeological resources in those locales that have not been disturbed by recent land uses. Three historic homesteads are shown on the 1875 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Brant County. The Stage 2 field assessment of the property involved a pedestrian and test pit survey of all areas deemed to have archaeological potential. Areas of disturbance were documented. In the course of the Stage 2 field assessment, three historical sites, one historical industrial site, one possible historic Aboriginal site, two historical findspots, 59 pre-contact sites and 85 pre-contact findspots have been documented (Table 4). The 68 sites have been registered in the OASD. The archival research documents the establishment of a settlement within the study area lands by the Tutelos, an Aboriginal tribe that had migrated to Upper Canada as Loyalists with the other Six Nations, in 1785. By 1843, the Tutelos settlement is no longer present. Site AgHb-413 likely represents the remains of this settlement. Archival research places the Euro-Canadian sites AgHb-416 and AgHb-417 as the homesteads of T. Brooks and E. Blacker within their respective lots and the location of the Blacker Brickyard at the site of AgHb-415. Table 154 lists the sites recommend for Stage 3 investigations. Table 155 lists the sites to be revisited. In light of these considerations, the following recommendations are made:

1. Given the isolated and undiagnostic nature of P2 (AgHb-419), P3, P4, P6, P7, P8, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15 (AgHb-475), P16, P17, P19, P21, P22, P24, P25, P26, P29, P31, P33(AgHb-433), P34, P35, P36, P37, P43, P44, P45, P47, P48, P49, P50, P51 (AgHb-438), P52, P53 (AgHb-439), P54, P55, P56, P57, P59, P60, P61 (AgHb-441), P62, P63, P64, P69, P70, P71, P72 (AgHb-478), P74, P75, P76, P77, P78, P79, P80, P82, P84, P85, P86, P87, P88, P89, P90, P91 (AgHb-447), P92 (AgHb-448), P99, P102, P106, P109, P110, P111, P112, P113 (AgHb-481), P114, P115, P118, P119, P123, P124, P125 (AgHb-464), P126, P129, P131 (AgHb-466), P133, P134, P135 (AgHb-484), P136, P137 (AgHb-469), P140, P142, P143, P144 and P145, these findspots are not considered to be of any further archaeological significance and may be considered free of any further archaeological concern. Given the isolated nature of H1 and H3, these findspots are not considered to be of any further archaeological significance and may be considered free of any further archaeological concern.

2. Findspots P10 (AgHb-474), P30, P38 (AgHb-476), P66 (AgHb-477), P73 (AgHb-479), P94, P96

(AgHb-480), P130 (AgHb-483), and P146 (AgHb-485) represent components that have yielded few artifacts, but appear to have highly focussed distributions. Given this factor it is recommended that these areas be subject to a revisit, under favourable field conditions. If additional artifacts are encountered at a given site, that site should be subject to a Stage 3 investigation. If the revisits do not result in the recovery of any additional artifacts from a given area, a recommendation will be made to clear that site of further archaeological concern.


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3. Euro-Canadian site AgHb-414 represents a single-family, early to mid-nineteenth century domestic occupation and represents a significant archaeological resource which has potential to shed light on the early Euro-Canadian settlement of Tutela Heights. It is, therefore, recommended that this site be subject to Stage 3 archaeological assessment in order to more fully identify the character, extent and significance of the archaeological deposits, in accordance with the Ministry of Culture’s 2006 final draft of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2009).

The Stage 3 test excavations should commence with a controlled surface collection to determine the precise extent of each site and to document any surface artifacts that may be present. This work will require that the site area be reploughed and allowed to weather a least one substantial rainfall prior to our commencing with this work. This should be followed by the excavation of a series of one metre by one metre units across the site at five metre intervals within the established grid in order to determine the nature and extent of the cultural deposits. An additional 20% of the total number of units excavated on the grid (therefore if 40 units were excavated, an additional 8 units would be required) will be strategically excavated at five metre intervals throughout the site, around units of high artifact counts or other significant areas of the site. The test units should be excavated five centimetres into the sterile subsoil and soil fills screened through 6 mm wire mesh to facilitate artifact recovery. The sterile subsoil should be troweled and all soil profiles examined for undisturbed cultural deposits. The results of the Stage 3 assessments will be used to evaluate the significance of the sites and to develop a series of recommendations concerning any further mitigative options that may be necessary.

4. The Blacker Brickworks (AgHb-415) site represents a significant resource that has the potential to

contribute significant insights into nineteenth-century industrial sites, as well as the dynamics of an important brickyard in the economy of Brantford Township. It is therefore recommended that this site be subject to Stage 3 archaeological assessment in order to more fully identify the character, extent and significance of the archaeological deposits, in accordance with the Ministry of Culture’s 2006 final draft of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2009).


5. Site AgHb-413 represents a significant component of the Late Iroquoian and contact period history of

Brantford, the Grand River drainage, and of southern Ontario in general. Further investigation of the site


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would provide significant information with respect to the occupation of the Tutela Heights area by the band of “Tutelos” Siouan Aboriginals who settled in Upper Canada, as well as allowing for further understanding of the use of the Grand River drainage during the time when the site was occupied. It is therefore recommended that this site be subject to Stage 3 archaeological assessment in order to more fully identify the character, extent and significance of the archaeological deposits, in accordance with the Ministry of Culture’s 2006 final draft of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2009).


6. Euro-Canadian sites AgHb-416 and AgHb-417 represent single-family, early nineteenth to early

twentieth century and mid- to late nineteenth century domestic occupations, which can be precisely placed within the context of land use on their respective lots. It is therefore recommended that these sites be subject to Stage 3 archaeological assessment in order to more fully identify the character, extent and significance of the archaeological deposits, in accordance with the Ministry of Culture’s 2006 final draft of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2009).

The Stage 3 test excavations should commence with the excavation of a series of one metre by one metre units across the site at five metre intervals within the established grid in order to determine the nature and extent of the cultural deposits. An additional 20% of the total number of units excavated on the grid (therefore if 40 units were excavated, an additional 8 units would be required) will be strategically excavated at five metre intervals throughout the site, around units of high artifact counts or other significant areas of the site. The test units should be excavated five centimetres into the sterile subsoil and soil fills screened through 6 mm wire mesh to facilitate artifact recovery. The sterile subsoil should be troweled and all soil profiles examined for undisturbed cultural deposits. The results of the Stage 3 assessments will be used to evaluate the significance of the sites and to develop a series of recommendations concerning any further mitigative options that may be necessary.

7. Sites P1 (AgHb-418), P4 (AgHb-420) , P5 (AgHb-421), P9 (AgHb-423), P18 (AgHb-424), P20 (AgHb-

426), P23 (AgHb-427), P26 (AgHb-428), P27 (AgHb-429), P28 (AgHb-430), P32 (AgHb-432), P39 (AgHb-434), P40 (AgHb-435), P41 (AgHb-436), P42 (AgHb-437), P58 (AgHb-440), P65 (AgHb-442), P67 (AgHb-443), P68 (AgHb-444), P81 (AgHb-445), P83 (AgHb-446), P93 (AgHb-449), P95 (AgHb-451), P97 (AgHb-452), P98 (AgHb-453), P100 (AgHb-454), P101 (AgHb-455), P103 (AgHb-456), P104 (AgHb-457), P105 (AgHb-458), P108 (AgHb-459), P116 (AgHb-460), P117 (AgHb-461), P120


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(AgHb-462), P121 (AgHb-486), P127 (AgHb-465), P128 (AgHb-482), P132 (AgHb-467), P136 (AgHb-468), P138 (AgHb-470), P139 (AgHb-471), P147 (AgHb-472), and P148 (AgHb-473) are considered to be archaeological resources of potential high heritage value, in that each may provide significant insights into the pre-contact Aboriginal occupation of the area. It is therefore recommended that each site be subject to Stage 3 archaeological assessment in order to more fully identify the character, extent and significance of the archaeological deposits, in accordance with the Ministry of Culture’s 2006 final draft of the Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists (MTC 2009).


8. No grading or other activities that may result in the destruction or disturbance of any of the archaeological sites documented by this assessment are permitted until notice of Ministry of Culture acceptance has been received.

9. The decision to protect the following sites with a 10 metre buffer has already been made, precluding the

necessity for further stage 3 investigations: P4 (AgHb-420), P95 (AgHb-451), P97 (AgHb-452), P98 (AgHb-453), P100 (AgHb-454), P101 (AgHb-455), P103 (AgHb-456), P105 (AgHb-458), P116 (AgHb-460), P120 (AgHb-462), P121, P127 (AgHb-465), P132 (AgHb-467), P138 (AgHb-470), P139 (AgHb-471) and Euro-Canadian site AgHb-414.

10. The remainder of the subject property may be considered free from further archaeological concern.

11. Should deeply buried archaeological remains be found on the property during construction activities, the

Cultural Programs Unit within the Programs and Services Branch of the Ministry of Culture should be notified immediately.

12. In the event that human remains are encountered during construction, the proponent should immediately

contact both the Ministry of Culture, and the Registrar or Deputy Registrar of the Cemetreies Regulation Unit of the Ministry of Government and Consumer Services, (416) 326-8392.

The documentation and artifacts related to the archaeological assessment of the property will be curated by Archaeological Services Inc. until such a time that arrangements for their ultimate transfer to Her Majesty the Queen in right of Ontario, or other public institution, can be made to the satisfaction of the landowner, the Ontario Ministry of Culture, and any other legitimate interest groups.


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Table 154: Tutela Height Phase 1 - Archaeological Sites Subject to Stage 3 Investigations

Site Name Dimension N/S – E/W

Number of Artifacts Cultural Affiliation/

Historic Sites

H2 (AgHb-416) 81 x 77 98 Possibly Historic Aboriginal Blacker’s Brickworks 55 x 68 2 Historic Industrial site AgHb-414 37 x 33 105 early to mid-nineteenth homestead AgHb-416 37 x 37 96 early nineteenth to early twentieth homestead AgHb-417 15 x 33 45 Mid- to late nineteenth homestead

Pre-Contact Sites

P1 18 x 29 26 Indeterminate pre-contact P5 30 x 17 24 Indeterminate pre-contact P9 47 x 22 16 Late Archaic and Early Woodland P18 62 x 53 78 Middle to Late Archaic P20 17 x 11 13 Indeterminate pre-contact P23 91 x 44 102 Middle to Late Archaic P27 5 x 7.5 7 Indeterminate pre-contact P28 10 x 15 24 Indeterminate pre-contact P32 IF 3 Middle Archaic P39 18 x 17 26 Late Archaic P40 26 x 22 23 Indeterminate pre-contact P41 24 x 14 13 Late Archaic P42 4 m apart 2 Indeterminate pre-contact P58 3 m apart 2 Middle Archaic P65 3 x 2 5 Indeterminate pre-contact P67 18 x 17 81 Indeterminate pre-contact P68 29 x 19 26 Indeterminate pre-contact P81 17 x 10 3 Indeterminate pre-contact P83 58 x 95 95 Indeterminate pre-contact P93 5 m apart 2 Transitional Woodland P104 24 x 24 10 Transitional Archaic P108 IF 2 Indeterminate pre-contact P117 72 x 33 61 Late Archaic and Early Woodland P128 28 x 23 13 Indeterminate pre-contact P147 10 x 10 4 Late Archaic P148 IF 1 Late Iroquoian

Table 155: Tutela Height Phase 1 - Archaeological Sites Subject to Revisits

Site Name Dimension N/S – E/W

Number of Artifacts Cultural Affiliation/

P10 11 x 9 5 Indeterminate pre-contact P30 10 x 16 7 Indeterminate pre-contact P38 10 x 8 5 Indeterminate pre-contact P66 IF 1 Indeterminate pre-contact –

Fossil Hill artifact P73 15 x 12 5 Indeterminate pre-contact P94 IF 4 Indeterminate pre-contact P96 8 x 9 5 Indeterminate pre-contact P122 IF 4 Indeterminate pre-contact P130 20 x 18 8 Indeterminate pre-contact P146 IF 1 Indeterminate pre-contact


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6.0 REFERENCES CITED

[anon.]

1885 The Centennial of the Settlement of Upper Canada by the United Empire Loyalists, 1784-1884. Toronto: Rose Publishing Co. (contains the “Old UE Loyalist List.”)

1891 Canada: Indian Treaties and Surrenders, from 1680 to 1890. Ottawa: Brown Chamberlin (Queen’s

Printer). 1991 Loyalist Families of the Grand River Branch, United Empire Loyalists’ Association of Canada. Toronto:

Pro Familia Publishing Co.

Armstrong, Frederick H. 1985 Handbook of Upper Canadian Chronology. Toronto: Dundurn Press.

Boulton, D’Arcy.

1805 Sketch of His Majesty’s Province of Upper Canada. London: C. Rickaby. Carnochan, Janet.

1914 History of Niagara (In Part.) Toronto: William Briggs. Clark, Robert (et. al).

1967 A Glimpse of the Past: A Centennial History of Brantford and Brant County. Printed by the Moyer Printing Co. Ltd. for the Brant Historical Society.

Chapman, L. J. and D. F. Putnam

1984 The Physiography of Southern Ontario. Second Edition. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Cruikshank, E.A. 1931 The Correspondence of Lieut. Governor John Graves Simcoe, volume V (1792-1796). Toronto: Ontario

Historical Society. 1935 The Correspondence of the Honourable Peter Russell, volume II (1797-98). Toronto: Ontario Historical

Society. Fitzgerald, E. Keith.

1993 Ontario People 1796-1803. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co. Inc.

Gardiner, Herbert F. 1899 Nothing But Names: An Inquiry into the Origin of the Names of the Counties and Townships of Ontario.

Toronto: George N. Morang & Co. Ltd.

Gillespie & Wicklund 1971 The Soils of Halton County. Guelph: N.M. Miller, Ontario Agricultural College and the University of

Guelph. Guelph.

Gray, William. 1817 The Report of the Loyal and Patriotic Society of Upper Canada. Montreal: William Gray.

Johnson, Charles M.

1964 The Valley of the Six Nations: A Collection of Documents on the Indian Lands of the Grand River (Ontario Series VII). Toronto: printed by the University of Toronto Press for the Champlain Society.

1967 Brant County: A History, 1784-1945. Toronto: Oxford University Press.


Page 103

Jonasson, Eric. 2006 “The Districts and Counties of Southern Ontario, 1777-1979: Two Centuries of Evolution,” Families 45.4

pp. 191-209.

Kenyon, Ian 1995 A History of Ceramic Tableware in Ontario: 1780-1910. Paper presented at Table Talks Lecture Series,

Montgomery’s Inn, Toronto. Mika, Nick and Helma Mika.

1977 Places in Ontario: Their Name Origins and History, Part 1 A-E. Belleville: Mika Publishing Company. Ministry of Culture

1997 Archaeology, Land Use Planning and Development in Ontario. Heritage Operations Unit, Ontario Ministry of Culture.

2006 Standards and Guidelines for Consulting Archaeologists, Final Draft. August 2006. Cultural Programs Unit, Programs and Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of Culture

Page & Smith.

1875 Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Brant, Ontario. Toronto: Page & Smith. Rayburn, Alan.

1997 Place Names of Ontario. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Reid, William D.

1973 The Loyalists in Ontario: The Sons and Daughters of the American Loyalists of Upper Canada. Lambertville, New Jersey: Hunterdon House.

Reville, F. Douglas.

1967 History of the County of Brant. Brantford: Hurley Printing Co. Robertson, John Ross.

1900 The History of Freemasonry in Canada from its Introduction in 1749 (volume 1). Toronto: George N. Morang & Co. Ltd.

Smith, David William.

1799 A Short Topographical Description of His Majesty’s Province of Upper Canada in North America, to which is annexed a Provincial Gazetteer. London: W. Faden.

Smith, W.H.

1846 Smith’s Canadian Gazetteer. Toronto: H. & W. Rowsell. 1851 Canada: Past, Present and Future (volume 1). Toronto: Thomas Maclear.

Stokes, Peter John and Robert Montgomery.

1971 Old Niagara-on-the-Lake. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Taylor, Corlene. 1992 Early Settlers in Niagara Including the First “Census” 1782, 1783, 1784, 1786, 1787 Complete with

Index. St. Catharines: Niagara Peninsula Branch, the Ontario Genealogical Society. Waldie, Jean H.

1952 The County of Brant Centennial Sketches. Paris: printed by Paris Printing for the Brant County Council. 1984 Brant County: The Story of Its People (volume 1). Paris: printed by J.R. Hastings Printing and

Lithography Ltd. for the Brant Historical Society.


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Wilson, Thomas B. 1985 Marriage Bonds of Ontario 1803-34. Lambertville, New Jersey: Hunterdon House.

Winearls, Joan.

1991 Mapping Upper Canada 1780-1867: An Annotated Bibliography of Manuscript and Printed Maps. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

[----------]

1842 1842 Census of Brantford Township (NAC microfilm M7746).

1851 1851-52 Census of Brantford Township, division 2 (NAC microfilm reel C11713). 1851 1851 Brantford (Town) Census, North Ward, p. 7 (NAC microfilm reel C11713).

1861 1861 Census of Brantford Township (NAC microfilm reel C1008, agricultural census reels C1009-1010).

Note: this microfilm consisted of a poor quality negative print, which was nearly illegible.

1871 1871 Census of Brantford Township divisions C2 p. 38 and C3 p. 65 (NAC microfilm reel C9914). 1881 1881 Census of Brantford Township, division 2 p. 30, division 3 p. 34 (NAC microfilm reel T13264). 1891 1891 Census of Brantford Township, division A1 pp. 14-15 (NAC microfilm reel T) 1901 1901 Census of Brantford Township, division B6 pp. 6-7 (NAC microfilm reel T6460). 1911 1911 Census of Brantford Township, division 12 p. 11.

[----------] n.d. Brantford Township “Township Papers,” Archives of Ontario RG1-58 (formerly RG1-C-IV), microfilm

MS658 reel 43.

[----------] n.d. Brantford Township Fonds (Archives of Ontario diffusion materials, D410). Contains a broken series of

later Assessment rolls (1876-77, 1913-24 only) and Collectors rolls (1913-24) volumes 102-172 and 198-248 (fonds F1554-1 and F1554-2).

[----------]

n.d. Brantford Township Assessment Rolls, 1852-1871 (Archives of Ontario F1551-17 containers 63 and 87, barcodes D300839, D300844).

[----------]

n.d. Brantford Township Abstract Index to Deeds, volume “C” (1834-1936), “Stewart and Ruggles Tract” folios 183-195, 247-248, 288-290, 327-329 (Archives of Ontario microfilm GSU170262 =GS1799).

B. Maps Lugger, Rev. Robert.

1828 Plan of the Grand River & Location of 6 Nations of Indians as found Settled, on February 20th, 1828.

Tremaine, George R. 1858 Tremaine’s Map of the County of Brant, Canada West. Compiled and Drawn from the Surveys of Lewis

Burwell, Esq. New York: engraved by D. & J. McLellan for George C. Tremaine. (Toronto: Archives of Ontario, A-16).


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7.0 PHOTOGRAPHY

Plate 49: Looking southwest at end of Rue Chateaux Terrace.

Plate 50: Looking southwest at area subject to test pit survey.

Plate 51: Looking northwest at test pitting of the grassed and treed area.

Plate 52: Soil profile of test pit in the grassed areas of the northwest corner of the study area.


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Plate 53: Conditions for the pedestrian survey within ploughed land. Looking northwest at location of AgHb-421 (P5).

Plate 54: Conditions for the pedestrian survey within ploughed land. Looking south along the western boundary of the study area.

Plate 55: Looking south along the western boundary of the study area.

Plate 56: Looking south at location of AgHb-420 (P4).


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Plate 57: Field crew conducting a pedestrian survey of ploughed land. Looking west at the location of findspot P139.

Plate 58: Looking north from the location of findspot AgHb-470 (P138).

Plate 59: Looking north from the location of findspot P143 and P144.

Plate 60: Looking southeast at the location of findspot P11.


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Plate 61: Looking east at the location of findspot P13 and P14.

Plate 62: Looking north at the location of findspots P47 and P48.

Plate 63: Looking south at the location of findspots P49, P50, and site AgHb-438 (P51).

Plate 64: Looking southeast at the location of findspots P54 and P55.


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Plate 65: Conditions for the pedestrian survey within the relatively flat ploughed area in the northern portion of the property. Looking southeast from the north corner of the study area.

Plate 66: Looking south from the northern boundary of the study area at the field crew conducting the pedestrian survey.

Plate 67: Conditions for the pedestrian survey within the relatively flat ploughed fields of the northern portion of the study area. Looking southeast at the location of findspot P86.

Plate 68: Looking northeast at the location of findspots P70 and P72.


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Plate 69: Looking west at the location of findspots P78 and P80.

Plate 70 : A view north along the driveway.

Plate 71: A view north along the treed and grassed area long the driveway.

Plate 72 : Artifact scatter of site AgHb-446 (P83).


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Plate 73: Artifact scatter of site AgHb-413 and AgHb-445 (P81) and findspot P82.

Plate 74: Looking south at driveway leading to farm complex in the vicinity of site AgHb-417

Plate 75: Looking south at area test pitted around outbuilding in the vicinity of site AgHb-417

Plate 76: Looking south along back of outbuilding at grassed area test pitted in the vicinity of AgHb-417


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Plate 77: Soil profile of test pit at site AgHb-417

Plate 78: Grassed area around silo where test pit survey was conducted in the vicinity of site AgHb-416

Plate 79: Grassed area around demolished house where test pit survey was conducted.

Plate 80: View of demolished house in vicinity of site AgHb-416


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Plate 81: Soil profile of test pit at site AgHb-416

Plate 82: Looking northeast at the location of AgHb-416.

Plate 83: Field crew conducting pedestrian survey around the location of findspot P56.

Plate 84: Looking west at the location of findspot P60.


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Plate 85: Conditions of pedestrian survey in sloping ploughed field, looking northwest.

Plate 86: Field crew conducting a pedestrian survey of ploughed land. Looking south at the location of the site AgHb-436 (P41).

Plate 87: Conditions of pedestrian survey of ploughed land. Looking south at the location of the sites AgHb-435 (P40) and AgHb-434 (P39).

Plate 88: Looking north at location of P63 on top of gently sloping ploughed area.


Page 115

Plate 89: Looking northwest at the location of site AgHb-432 (P32).

Plate 90: Looking southwest at the location of site AgHb-430 (P28) and findspots P29 and P30.

Plate 91: Looking northeast at the location of site AgHb-430 (P28) and findspot P30.

Plate 92: Looking north at the location of site AgHb-433 (P33) and findspots P34 and P38.


Page 116

Plate 93: Looking north at the location of findspot P20.

Plate 94: Looking north at the location of findspots P16, P22 and P24.

Plate 95: Looking south at the location of findspot P147.

Plate 96: Conditions for the pedestrian survey in the southern portion of the study area. Looking across site AgHb-423 (P9).


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Plate 97: Looking south across findspots P114 and P115.

Plate 98: Looking northeast across site AgHb-464 (P125) and findspot P133.

Plate 99: Looking southeast towards site AgHb-463 (P122).

Plate 100: Looking northwest from the southern boundary of the study area across site AgHb-462 (P120).


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Plate 101: Looking northeast from the southern boundary of the study area across findspot (P119).

Plate 102: Looking across the location of site AgHb-455 (P101).

Plate 103: Conditions for the pedestrian survey within ploughed land in the southeast corner of the study area.


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APPENDIX: ARTIFACT CATALOGUES


Page 120

Appendix A – Table 1: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-413

Cat. #

Qty Sub-

Operation Class Sub-class Type Material Ware Motif Form

Thermally Altered

Comments

H1 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Pearlware Edgeware - moulded design

Flatware thin blue line along scalloped rim edge with moulded scrolling motif on upper surface, heavily exfoliated

H2 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Hand-painted - late palette

Unidentifiable blue petals on one side, other side exfoliated

H3 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Rouletted Holloware rouletted rim with green on exterior, interior exfoliated

H4 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Transfer print Flatware unidentifiable motif, scalloped rim, mostly exfoliated

H5 9 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Transfer print Flatware partially exfoliated

H6 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Transfer print Holloware dark brown stippled daisy motif on interior and exterior, partially exfoliated

H7 2 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Transfer print Unidentifiable brown stippled daisy motif on one side, other side exfoliated

H8 2 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Transfer print Flatware stippled brown geometric motif

H9 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Transfer print Flatware stippled floral motif

H10 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Pearlware Hand-painted - monochrome blue

Flatware broad blue lines along rim edge, partially exfoliated

H11 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Beverage consumption

Teaware Ceramic RWE Hand-painted - late palette

Saucer pink petals


Teaware Ceramic Pearlware Hand-painted - late palette

Saucer green leaf

H13 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Teaware Ceramic RWE Hand-painted - late palette

Teas floral motif, interior exfoliated

H13 2 Surface Indeterminate Indeterminate Unidentified Glass solarized glass, moulded starburst motif


Teas Yes floral motif on exterior, lightly thermally altered



Teacup thin pink line and broad green line on interior, exterior exfoliated


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Cat. #

Qty Sub-


Thermally Altered

Comments

H16 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Hand-painted - late palette

Holloware royal blue broad line on exterior


Teas Yes green leaves on one side, other side exfoliated, thermally altered

H18 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Pearlware Unidentified Holloware exterior yellow with thin black handpainted line

H19 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Holloware carinated shoulder, likely a bowl

H20 2 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Pearlware Undecorated Flatware indented foot ring



Saucer thin green line along rim edge

H22 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Hand-painted - general

Holloware thin handpainted line on interior and exterior

H23 3 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Teaware Ceramic RWE Hand-painted - monochrome blue

Teas Yes floral motif on one side, thermally altered and partially exfoliated

H24 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Unidentified Holloware Yes rounded foot ring, heavily thermally altered

H25 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Glazed Holloware robin's egg blue on exterior, heavily exfoliated

H26 3 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Unidentified Flatware Yes heavily thermally altered rim fragments

H27 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Moulded Flatware moulded leaf motif

H28 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Holloware mostly exfoliated

H29 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Flatware impressed maker's mark on underside - circular with unreadable letters around perimetre and graphic motif in the centre

H30 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Flatware impressed "D" on underside

H31 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Ironstone Undecorated Holloware

H32 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Ironstone Moulded Flatware unidentifiable motif, partially exfoliated


Page 122


Cat. #

Qty Sub-


Thermally Altered

Comments

H33 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Kitchenware Ceramic Red earthenware - refined

Glazed Holloware dark brown glaze on one side, other side exfoliated

H34 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Kitchenware Ceramic Red earthenware - coarse

Glazed Holloware reddish brown glaze on exterior, interior exfoliated


Glazed Holloware medium brown glaze on interior and exterior

H36 3 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Unidentified Flatware Yes heavily thermally altered

H37 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Kitchenware Ceramic Stoneware Salt-glazed Holloware buff bodied stoneware with beige salt glaze on exterior and beige glaze on interior


Glass dark olive green glass


Window Glass Glass


Window Glass Glass frosted on one side


Glass colourless glass


Glass light blue glass, square base with indented centre

H43 1 Surface Indeterminate Indeterminate Unidentified Glass colourless glass, heavily water worn fragment

H44 1 Surface Furnishings Lighting device Lamp Chimney Glass colourless glass, crimped double lipped rim edge

H45 1 Surface Indeterminate Indeterminate Unidentified Glass slightly milky glass chip


Personal gear Smoking Pipe White Ball Clay

undecorated



light brown glaze on stem


Page 123


Cat. #

Qty Sub-


Thermally Altered

Comments



moulded hair motif from an effigy pipe



unidentifiable moulded decorative motif

H50 1 Surface Tools/Equipment

Other tools Blacking bottle Stoneware

light brown glaze on exterior, interior unglazed


Stoneware

light brown glaze on exterior, interior unglazed


Ceramic buff earthenware fragment with light pink glaze on exterior, unglazed interior

H53 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Food consumption

Fork Metal - Ferrous

shoulder and three long thin tines

H54 1 Surface Indeterminate Indeterminate Scrap Metal - Ferrous

thick flat scrap fragment


Nail - Hand-Wrought

Metal - Ferrous

F1 6 Surface Faunal Mammal Indeterminate


F3 1 Surface Faunal Mammal Medium -Tooth

M1 2 Surface Misc Precontact flat bronze scrap, likely kettle fragments

M2 1 Surface Misc Precontact possible rolled copper bead


Page 124

Appendix B – Table 2: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-414


Class Sub-class Type Material Ware Motif Form Comments

H1 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Transfer print Flatware stippled unidentifiable motif, heavily exfoliated

H2 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Food consumption

Tableware Ceramic RWE Transfer print - blue chinoiserie

Plate - muffin



Saucer floral motif


Teas pink on exterior, interior undecorated

H5 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Moulded Flatware moulded floral motif handpainted over overtop on one side, other side exfoliated

H6 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Pearlware Unidentified Flatware blue along rim edge, upper surface exfoliated

H7 3 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Transfer print Flatware floral motif, partially exfoliated


Teaware Ceramic RWE Transfer print Teacup floral motif on interior and exterior

H9 2 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Edgeware - scalloped

Flatware impressed curving lines, underside exfoliated

H10 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Edgeware - straight

Flatware underside exfoliated


Glazed Holloware medium brown glaze on one side, other side exfoliated

H12 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Pearlware Moulded Flatware unidentifiable moulded motif, mostly exfoliated

H13 2 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Pearlware Undecorated Unidentifiable one side exfoliated

H14 1 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Flatware one side exfoliated

H15 2 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Holloware lightly thermally altered

H16 2 Surface Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Kitchenware Ceramic Stoneware Glazed Holloware brown salt glaze on exterior, interior has layer of unglazed red earthenware

H17 1 Surface Indeterminate Indeterminate Unidentified Glass cobalt blue glass chip


Window Glass Glass thin colourless glass




Page 125

Appendix B – Table 2: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-414


Class Sub-class Type Material Ware Motif Form Comments


Glass colourless glass with unidentifiable moulded motif and letters "ANADA"

H21 3 Surface Personal Artifacts Personal gear Smoking Pipe White Ball Clay

undecorated stems


small fragment with unidentifiable moulded motif


stem with complete spur and beginnings of moulded bowl


Nail - Machine Cut

Metal - Ferrous

H25 1 Surface Tools/Equipment Hardware Screw Metal - Ferrous


F2 1 Surface Faunal Mammal Longbone - indeterminate


Page 126

Appendix C – Table 3: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-416

Cat. #

Qty Operation Sub-Operation

Test Pit #

Layer Category Class Sub-class Type Material Ware Motif Form Burned Comments

H1 1 Test pit 1 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Floware Flatware linear flow motif on one side, partially exfoliated

H2 1 Test pit 1 topsoil Historic Architectural Building component

Window Glass Glass

H3 2 Test pit 2 1 & 2 Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Semi-porcelain

Undecorated Holloware

H4 1 Test pit 2 1 & 2 Historic Indeterminate Indeterminate Other Metal - White

tin foil fragment with "DIRECTIONS FOR MAKIN_ / SOFT DRINKS AT HO__" written in black with more text underneath

H5 6 Test pit 2 1 & 2 Historic Architectural Building component

Nail - Wire Metal - Ferrous


Nail - Hand-Wrought

Metal - Ferrous


Nail - Machine Cut

Metal - Ferrous

H8 1 Test pit 2 1 & 2 Historic Indeterminate Indeterminate Other Other clinker fragment

H9 1 Test pit 2 2 Historic Architectural Building component

Nail - Machine Cut

Metal - Ferrous

H10 1 Test pit 3 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Transfer print

Flatware landscape motif on upper surface, underside exfoliated

H11 1 Test pit 3 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Unidentified Unidentifiable completely exfoliated fragment

H12 2 Test pit 3 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Flatware partially exfoliated


Page 127


Cat. #


Test Pit #


H13 1 Test pit 3 topsoil Historic Indeterminate Indeterminate Container - Unidentifiable

Glass solarized glass


Window Glass Glass

H15 1 Test pit 3 topsoil Historic Furnishings Household accessories

Flowerpot Terracotta thin indented line on exterior

H16 2 Test pit 3 topsoil Historic Indeterminate Indeterminate Scrap Metal - Ferrous

thin flat scrap




Nail - Machine Cut

Metal - Ferrous

H19 1 Test pit 4 topsoil Historic Indeterminate Indeterminate Unidentified Plastic thin flat white hard plastic


Nail - Machine Cut

Metal - Ferrous


Glass light aqua glass


Glass colourless glass, corner between two flat panels


Glass colourless glass, base with flat paneled body and mould seam where body meets base


Nail - Machine Cut

Metal - Ferrous

H25 1 Test pit 7 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Flatware squat foot ring

H26 1 Test pit 7 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Semi-porcelain

Undecorated Holloware Yes lightly thermally altered


Glass green glass


Page 128


Cat. #


Test Pit #



Glass Yes colourless glass, lightly thermally altered


Brick Clay

H30 1 Test pit 9 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Kitchenware Ceramic Buff earthenware

Salt-glazed Holloware salt-glaze on exterior, dark brown glaze on interior

H31 1 Test pit 9 topsoil Historic Tools/Equipment Writing Slate Pencil Slate


Nail - Machine Cut

Metal - Ferrous

H33 1 Test pit 10 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Unidentified Flatware flatware foot ring, upper surface exfoliated

H34 1 Test pit 10 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Flatware mostly exfoliated

H35 1 Test pit 10 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Other Holloware blurry navy blue line on exterior, partially exfoliated

H36 1 Test pit 10 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Unidentified Flatware Yes unidentifiable blue motif, heavily thermally altered

H37 1 Test pit 10 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Food service Tableware Ceramic Semi-porcelain

Moulded Tureen moulded flower painted purple, small shelf for lid


Glass dark olive green glass




Glass blue glass, moulded letters "_ n b"


Page 129


Cat. #


Test Pit #




roofing nail

H42 1 Test pit 11 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Kitchenware Ceramic Red earthenware - coars

Glazed Holloware dark brown glaze, mostly exfoliated


Nail - Machine Cut

Metal - Ferrous

H44 1 North Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Bone china Undecorated Holloware Yes lightly thermally altered

H45 2 North Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Flatware heavily exfoliated

H46 1 North Field

Surface Historic Architectural Building component

Window Glass Glass

H47 1 North Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Beverage consumption

Tumbler Glass colourless glass with two panels

H48 1 North Field

Surface Historic Indeterminate Indeterminate Unidentified Glass Yes large melted blob

H49 1 North Field

Surface Historic Personal Artifacts


undecorated

H50 2 North Field


Drainage Tile Clay buff earthenware

H51 1 North Field


Brick Clay red clay, some mortar stuck on it

H52 1 South Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Holloware Yes lightly charred

H53 1 South Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Bone china Undecorated Flatware

H54 1 South Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Unidentified Flatware mostly exfoliated rim fragment

H55 3 South Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Flatware partially exfoliated

H56 1 South Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Ironstone Undecorated Flatware


Page 130


Cat. #


Test Pit #


H57 1 South Field

Surface Historic Indeterminate Indeterminate Container - Unidentifiable

Glass Yes amber glass, slightly melted

H58 1 South Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Food consumption

Tableware Glass milk glass, flatware base and foot ring

H59 1 South Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Food storage Liner Glass small colorless liner fragment

H60 1 South Field


Glass milk glass, moulded uneven bands on exterior

H61 1 South Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Glass milk glass, small plate base

F1 4 Test pit 2 1 & 2 Faunal Mammal Indeterminate

F2 1 Test pit 3 topsoil Faunal Mammal Indeterminate

F3 3 Test pit 3 topsoil Faunal Bird Long bone - indeterminate - small cut marks


F5 1 Test pit 7 topsoil Faunal Mammal Long bone - indeterminate

F6 2 Test pit 9 topsoil Faunal Mammal Humerus

F1 2 South Field

Surface Faunal Mammal Indeterminate

F2 1 South Field

Surface Faunal Mammal Long bone - indeterminate


Page 131

Appendix D – Table 4: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-417

Cat. # Qty Operation Sub-Operation

Test Pit #

Layer Category Class Sub-class Type Material Ware Motif Form Comments

H1 1 Test pit 1 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Flatware one side exfoliated



H3 1 Test pit 2 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Ironstone Undecorated Flatware

H4 1 Test pit 3 topsoil Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Kitchenware Ceramic Buff earthenware

Glazed Holloware beige glaze on one side, other side exfoliated


Mortar Fragment Other buff coloured mortar

H6 1 Test pit 5 all layers

Historic Indeterminate Indeterminate Container - Unidentifiable

Glass aqua glass, indented round base fragment


Historic Architectural Building component






Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Kitchenware Ceramic Buff earthenware

Glazed Holloware beige glaze on exterior, dark brown glaze on interior








Window Glass Glass


Glass very light aqua glass



H15 2 Test pit 12 topsoil Historic Indeterminate Indeterminate Scrap Metal - Ferrous

thin metal scrap with crease in it

H16 1 North West Field

Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Food consumption

Tableware Ceramic RWE Moulded Plate - supper

delicate moulded motif along rim edge


Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Unidentified Flatware mostly exfoliated


Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic Ironstone Undecorated Flatware


Page 132

Appendix D – Table 4: Artifact Catalogue for AgHb-417

Cat. # Qty Operation Sub-Operation

Test Pit #

Layer Category Class Sub-class Type Material Ware Motif Form Comments


Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Tableware Ceramic RWE Undecorated Holloware


Surface Historic Kitchen/Food Indeterminate Kitchenware Ceramic Buff earthenware

Salt-glazed Holloware beige salt glaze on exterior, dark brown glaze on interior



Glass chunky aqua glass


Surface Historic Personal Artifacts

Medicine Container - Medicine

Glass colourless glass, prescription finish



Glass colourless glass, patent finish






Window Glass Glass



Glass dark olive green glass, square base with small kick-up and moulded X, possible pontil mark underneath X





Surface Historic Tools/Equipment

Hardware Wire Metal - Ferrous



Hinge Metal - Ferrous


F2 1 Test pit 6 all layers

Faunal Mammal Long bone - indeterminate

F1 2 South West Field

Surface Faunal Mammal Indeterminate

F2 1 South West Field

Surface Faunal Mammal Long bone - indeterminate

F3 2 North West Field

Surface Faunal Mammal Rib