ssush1b & c european settlement of north america (the new...
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SSUSH1B & C
European Settlement of North America (The New England, Middle, & Southern Colonies)
The Great Migration to North America
• Between 1620 – 1640, new colonies
developed in North America due to
the Great Migration of Religious
Refugees from England.
• The Protestant Reformation and
English Civil War created a hostile
Religious and Political atmosphere
in England by the 1620’s.
• Church members who adopted a reformed theology called Calvinism
became known as Puritans.
• These New England Colonies included Massachusetts, Rhode Island,
Connecticut, and New Hampshire.
Developments in New England
• In 1620, 120 settlers sailed from England to the
Plymouth Bay Colony on the ship Mayflower.
• Most of these settlers were English Separatists
who had broken ties with the Anglican Church of
England.
• Among these religious settlers were
people known as Pilgrims, Quakers, and
Baptists.
• Upon arrival in Massachusetts, the settlers established a Representative
Government by signing the Mayflower Compact
Developments in New England
• It was signed on Nov 11, 1620 on board the Mayflower by the 41 adult
male that eventually settled at the Plymouth Colony.
• In 1628, English Puritans obtained permission from the King to establish
a Colony at Massachusetts Bay.
Developments in New England
• In 1630, 900 Puritans sailed to the
colony under the leadership of John Winthrop.
• From 1630 to 1640 approximately 20,000 colonists came to New England.
• The Puritans created a deeply religious and socially tight-knit community.
Developments in New England
• Although there was a Representative Government, the Puritan Church
controlled the society through
a series of Congregational
Town Hall Meetings.
• Eventually, in order to take part in the
Government or live in Massachusetts, settlers had to be members in
Good standing with the Church.
Religious Dissenters Established New Colonies
• In 1636, a group of religious dissenters from the Massachusetts Bay
Colony followed
Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson
to establish a new colony at the head
of Narragansett Bay
• This new colonial settlement
(originally called Providence
Plantation) was eventually
renamed Rhode Island.
Religious Dissenters Established New Colonies
• Also in 1636, a Puritan Nobleman named
Thomas Hooker established another
settlement originally called the River Colony.
• This colonial settlement was later renamed
Connecticut.
• In 1662, Reverend Solomon Stoddard
proposed an answer to the church’s
declining membership and religious
turmoil called the Half-Way Covenant.
• The agreement allowed for partial membership in the Puritan Church.
Relations with the Native Americans
• Like Virginia, the New England Colonies established good Trade Relations
with the local Native American tribes.
• Puritans and Native
Americans shared their
bountiful harvests by
celebrating a day of
Thanksgiving.
• However, eventual disputes over territorial lands erupted between the
settlers and their Native American neighbors.
• Between 1675 – 1676, a
conflict known as King Philip’s
War was fought between the
settlers and Native Americans.
Relations with the Native Americans
• King Philip was a local reference to the Native
American leader known as Metacomet.
• The war involved settlements in all of the New
England Colonies.
• As a result of the war, the colonists requested military troops and
government assistance from Britain. In 1684, King Charles II revoked
the Charter of Massachusetts making it a Royal Colony.
Religious Tensions and the Salem Witch Trials
• High Religious Tensions peaked in the small town of Salem, Massachusetts
during the spring of 1692.
• Puritan leaders feared that the Devil was
active in the lives of their community.
• People who
had uncontrolled fits, practiced local remedies
or did not follow the strict guidelines of the
Church were accused of being Witches.
• Many people were tried, convicted, and
sentenced to death on little to no evidence.
Establishing the Middle Colonies
• The Dutch Colony of New Netherlands was originally established to
exploit the rich Fur Trade in
North America.
• In 1674, after several
Anglo-Dutch Wars, the
colony was formally turned
over to the British and was
renamed New York.
• The acquisition of this colony linked the New England Colonies to the
Southern Colonies.
• On March 4, 1681, King Charles II granted a Royal
Charter to a large parcel of land in North America
to William Penn .
Establishing the Middle Colonies
• This new colony was to be a
refuge for the religious
group known as Quakers.
• The Colony was given the name Pennsylvania, which translates
roughly as “Penn’s Woods.”
• Originally Chartered in 1629, the Province of Carolina was reissued as
a Charter to eight noblemen as the Lord Proprietors in 1663.
Establishing the Southern Colonies
• Although these lords and their
heirs controlled the colony from
1663 to 1729, the territory was
divided between the northern
and southern halves in 1712.
• A Rebellion against the Lord
Proprietors resulted in the
appointment of a Royal Governor in 1720.
• The last of the Thirteen Original Colonies established by Great Britain
was the Province of Georgia.
Establishing the Southern Colonies
• The Colony’s Corporate Charter
was granted to General James
Oglethorpe in 1732.
• He envisioned the colony as a
haven for the resettlement of
English debtors.
• The British Government saw the colony as a “Buffer State” between
the British Colonies and Spanish Florida.