SSUSH 13The student will identify major efforts to reform American society and politics in the

Progressive Era.

• Explain Upton Sinclair ’s The Jungle and federal oversight of the meatpacking industry.

 • Identify Jane Addams and Hull House and describe the role of women in reform movements.

 • Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.

• Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a Muckraker.

• Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum, direct election of senators, reforms of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities.

• Describe the conservation movement and the development of national parks and forests; include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.

Progressive EraProgressive Era – 1880s to 1920

• One of a long line of Reform Movements in American History – First Great Awakening, Second Great Awakening

• women's rights /temperance movement first issues of Progressives

• Effects of Industrial Revolution issues– Unsafe working conditions in factories– Slum areas, ethnic ghettoes around factories– Child labor abuses

• Farmer’s movement– Progressives sought policies to help farmers– declining importance of rural areas due to increasingly urbanized

America

Progressive Era

Muckrakers• Investigative journalists or authors who exposed public to

problems in American society• Books, articles, pictures moved federal, state, and local

governments to enact laws and regulations

Three main goals of Progressives– remove corruption from government through laws against political

machines– include more people in the political process– promote belief that government must play a role to solve social

problems

Progressive Era

• Success of Progressives– Federal Laws

Interstate Commerce Act (1887) Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)

– State and Local Progressive ReformsInitiatives, referendums, recallsNew forms of local governments

• Failure of Progressives– needs of blacks and Native Americans ignored

Upton Sinclair

• One of the most famous Muckrakers of the Progressive Era

• Wrote famous book - The Jungle – Sickened and angered Americans– Public outrage led to two federal laws

Meatpacking Act Pure Food and Drug Act.

Hull House

• Jane Addams co-founder Hull House 1889

• Chicago's first nation's most influential settlement house

• 13-building complex covering a city block– gymnasium, theater, art gallery, music school, boys' club– auditorium, cafeteria, cooperative residence for working women– kindergarten, nursery, libraries, post office, meeting and club rooms– art studios, kitchen, dining room and apartments for the residential staff.– Offered extensive social, educational, and artistic programs

• Five hundred settlements nationally by 1920.

• Forerunner to community centers and social services work

Jim Crow

• Caricature black man = Jim Crow• Thomas D. "Daddy" Rice

– white musician/actor - blackened face

– sang danced in a prejudiced/stereotyped manner– Sang song titled "Jim Crow“ most popular 1829

• Jim Crow act in every traveling minstrel show • Prepared way for “Jim Crow” segregation laws

– Laws designed to humiliate African-Americans– Laws denying social, economic, political rights

Plessy vs. Ferguson

• Supreme Court ruling in 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson– Doctrine of “separate but equal” ruled constitutional – encouraged the passage of Jim Crow laws in South– Set back black rights gained during Reconstruction.

• de jure racial segregation in public facilities– states could prohibit the use of public facilities by African

Americans. Trains, buses, public restrooms, restaurants hotels, theaters, public parks Public schools, hospitals Facilities separate but never equal to those for whites

NAACP

Describe the rise of Jim Crow, Plessy v. Ferguson, and the emergence of the NAACP.

Muckraker

Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a Muckraker.

Ida Tarbell

Explain Ida Tarbell’s role as a Muckraker.

Progressive Reforms

Describe the significance of progressive reforms such as the initiative, recall, and referendum, direct election of senators, reforms of labor laws; and efforts to improve living conditions for the poor in cities.

Teddy Roosevelt

Describe the conservation movement and the development of national parks and forests; include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.

Teddy Roosevelt

Describe the conservation movement and the development of national parks and forests; include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.

Teddy Roosevelt

Describe the conservation movement and the development of national parks and forests; include the role of Theodore Roosevelt.