SSCB14-1 (Seminars 1 & 4)

Republic of Liberiaas a Case Study

Security Sector Capacity Building(SSCB)

Aim• To present a strategy which will promote stability in

Liberia, using a Security Sector Capacity Building (SSCB) development framework from 2014 -2018

Overall Threats Terrorism in Mali via Guinea Multiple fragility points Guinea & Ivory Coast’s elections Piracy, organized crime and porous borders with Sierra

Leone, Ivory Coast & Guinea Soldiers of fortune

Threat Analysis

Global & Regional• Terrorism in the AQIM, which changes the MRU security strategy• Instability in the sub-region

Sub-Regional• Instability in neighboring countries (internal conflict backed by neighbors, refugees from

neighbors, undue influence, etc.)– Business interests by MNCs (diamonds, oil, lumber, iron ore, etc.)

Internal Threats• Extremely fragmented society (ethnic, religious, political, urban/rural, etc.)• Land disputes • Widespread corruption • Poverty, unemployment, poor health and education system, sensitive demographic structure• Poor central government authority and capacity• Gender-based violence and discrimination

• Lawlessness undermines public confidence in the security sector/security forces predatory towards civilians

Functions of Stability

• SSR Concerns– President (leadership)– Parliament (lack of diverse representation)– Armed Forces of Liberia (capabilities)– Liberian National Police/Monrovia City Police– Intelligence Institutions (bilateral developments)– Judicial, legal and correctional institutions– Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization

Gaps

President and Parliament• Nepotism• Corruption• Oversight

Police • Not well-trained and equipped• Lack of resources outside Monrovia (4`500/8`000)• Progress made under UN Lead

- 150 graduated (46 Women)

Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization• Not properly paid/training/laws

Gaps

Armed Forces• Not fully operational (expected by 2014)

- Insufficiency of financial, operational, logistical means

- Dependency on external support- Not trained

Judicial, legal and correctional institutions• Lack of trained judges, prosecutors & lawyers• Timely case management is still a challenge• Infrastructure of prisons and correctional institutions

is fragile

Gaps

Human Rights• Police brutality• Predatory policing• Mob justice• Gender violence/discrimination (rapes, assaults, etc.)

Humanitarian Situation• 60,000 refugees from Cote d`Ivoire• 80 % Live below poverty line• 85 % Unemployed• 35 % Insufficient food

Gaps

BIN LNP Military

InstitutionalCapabilities

Insufficient Insufficient Insufficient

Finance Insufficient (-17%)

Insufficient (-17%)

Insufficient

Personnel (- 40%) (-45%) OK

Legal Insufficient Insufficient Insufficient

Infrastructure Insufficient Insufficient Insufficient

Logistics Insufficient Insufficient Insufficient

• Political: Poor leadership , heightened political turmoil

• Economic: Increasing prices, significant unemployment

• Rule of Law: Lawlessness impedes human rights (women, children)

• Governance: Projects are yet to reach the rural people, poor and women

Functional Analyses Gap Analyses

cratic Deficit • Party patronage & trust in leadership• Presidential election approaching• More space for democratic practice

cratic Deficit

• Price increase of food• Unemployment• Food production & Roads• Improving on exports

• Trust in LNP & AFL• Local courts in rural areas• Roads to rural areas• Lack of capacity

• Deliver rule of law• Poor road conditions for elections• Sensitization visits upcountry• Customary law visits

Note: Activities are iterative

SSCB Strategy

Vision• Reintegration of ex-combatants, internally displaced persons• Robust Rule of Law (whole-of-government approach)• De-politicization of all sectors

Goals• Peace (sustainable)• Oversight• Education • Infrastructure• Economy• Employment

• Strategy: Promote stability in Liberia to allow human development through justice and social delivery by 2015 (UN transition)

Objectives & Outputs

• Analysis and research for policy development (link DDR, SSR & SSCB to development of national security strategy)

• Peace & stability• Mainstreaming gender and information exchange

Key Stakeholders • UNDP, UNMIL, multiple countries, ECOWAS, MRU and the

civil society, including the 4th Estate

New strategy - Goal: Bring sustainable peace & security to Liberia by 2015

Peace, Securityand Rule of Law

EconomicTransformation

HumanDevelopment

Governance andPublic Institutions

SECTOR THEMATIC GOALS/OUTCOMES

• Security• Rule of Law• Judicial Reform

• Private Sector Development• Macroeconomic Framework• Infrastructure Agriculture and Food Security• Forestry• Mineral Development and Management

• Education Health and Social welfare • Water and Sanitation • Social Protection

• Nation-building and Decentralization• Management of Gov’t Assets• Civil Society

• Concessions Land Tenure and Use• Transparency and Anti-corruption

• Environment• Youth Empowerment• Gender Equality Disabled and Disadvantaged• Labor and Employment Human Rights HIV and AIDS Child Protection

Constraints Constraints Constraints Constraints Constraints

Objectives/Outcomes

Objectives/Outcomes

Objectives/Outcomes

Objectives/Outcomes

Objectives/Outcomes

Objectives/Outcomes

PRSP PILLARS: INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS/PRSP ACTION

Change Agent/Change Strategy

Crosscutting Issues

Anti-

Cor

rupti

on C

omm

issi

on

Implementation Plan(In priority/time order)

• Establish anti-corruption commission/committee • Employ a local consultant (to write a draft strategy)• Appoint a Liberian Steering Committee: NSC, MoD, MIA (working groups)• Appoint a resident commissioner for SSCB• Steering Committee to write: Communication Strategy & Development Framework in consultation with donors & private sector• Identify pillars to drive the strategy with pillar goals (5 pillars)• Distribute themes to coordinated donors• Do the resources plan: money, staff, funding & time with donors• Identify communication infrastructure improvements (feasible)• Presidential approval • Brief the Commission (twice weekly)• Coordinate and brief the population: All “peace actors”• Follow the change management {International Security Assistance Team (ISAT) theory}

Development FrameworkSSCB goal: Ensure peace and stability in order to manage tensions in Liberian society, increase social cohesion and uphold human rights.

Institutionalcapacity constraint

Objectivesand Outcomes

Changeagents

Change process

Milestone PriorityInterventions

Donor and Resources

• Stakeholder participation limited • Opportunities to participate in peace-building, reconciliation, political processes for marginalized groups & lack of

consensus on mandate & approach to peace, reconciliation.

• More women, disabled, & youth in leadership roles• Peace and reconciliation decision making reflect input from marginalized groups

• Traditional leaders

• Political and religious groups

• Civil society groups

• Media

• Youth groups

• Ministry of Internal Affairs will collaborate with Governance Commission in engaging stakeholders to define & implement framework for civic engagement

• Civil society groups have new skills to engage meaningfully in key processes

• Lead national dialogue to ask Liberians what they need for reconciliation

• Civil-military

LeadUSA, DfID, UNOPS will provide resources

PartnersECOWASMRUUNMILPrivate Sector(“Right-size”)

Sustainability Strategy

• SSCB must be continuously assessed• Local dev (PRSP) & SSCB • The ISAT theory • Public oversight

rolReintegration Capacity building

- Peace & Stability - RoL

DDR ROL

Decision Points B Decision Point CWho stays behind ?

Decision Point A

SSR

ss ISAT& PRSP SUPERVISION ($) ?

Reintegration

DisarmamentDemobilization

RoL

Monitoring, Review and Evaluation

• Monitoring & Evaluation structure is established• NSC/SSR Commissioner briefs National Security Council Coordinating Group (NSCCG) monthly• NSC 2-weekly with local stakeholders in attendance• Donor meeting(s) held at the NSC• End of year symposium on achievements on SSCB• SSCPB projects• Resource allocation• PRSP vs. SSCB• ISAT shadow theory• Change strategy

Conclusion

• Communication• Cooperation• Collaboration• Consensus• Coordination at the grassroots level• Mutual transparency