SS4E1:

The students will give examples of technological advancements and

their impact on business productivity during the development

of the United States.

• SS4G1:The students will be able to locate important physical and man-made features of the United States.

Essential Question:

• What was the Industrial Revolution?

Vocabulary:

• textile: Cloth or fabric interchangeable parts: parts made by a machine to be exactly the

same size and shape mass productivity: making many products at one time productivity: the amount of goods and services made by a

worker in a certain amount of time. entrepreneur: a person who takes risks to start a new

business

Industrial Revolution

New Inventions New Transportation New Ways of Life

New Inventions brought changes to manufacturing.

• In the 1700s most people were farmers. • Cloth, tools, and furniture were made by

hand.

• In the early 1800s, people began to make things in factories. New forms of transportation and machines moved people and goods faster.

• These changes in transportation and manufacturing are called the Industrial Revolution.

Industrial Revolutioin

• The Industrial Revolution began when British inventors created machines for their textile industry.

• In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. It cleaned cotton quickly and cotton became America’s biggest export.

Eli Whitney

• After inventing the cotton gin, Eli Whitneywas hired by the government to make 10,000 guns. Whitney used interchangeable partsto make guns quicklyand at less cost.

Mass Production• Whitney used a system of

mass production to make the guns.

• Manufacturers used interchangeable parts and mass production to make many types of tools and machines.

• The nation’s productivity increased.

Machines Bring Big Change

• The Industrial Revolution changed the way people worked in mills and on farms.

• Entrepreneurs used machines to change how people work.

• Francis Lowell built a mill that turned cotton into

cloth. Many people began to work in factories.

Industry and the Economy• During the Industrial

Revolution, northern mills used more and more southern cotton.

• As the North industrialized, the South became more agricultural. Cotton growers used more enslaved people to produce greater amounts of cotton.

Transportation Changes

• As more people traveled west, the government began to build paved roads.

• People built towns and opened businesses.

• In 1811, the government began building the National Road that connected Ohio to Maryland. It became the most heavily traveled road in the United States.

Steamboats

• Robert Fulton invented a steamboat that could travel without wind or currents.

• The paddlewheel powered it against the flow of water.

• Soon, many other steamboats were invented.

Canals

• Canals were faster and cheaper ways to ship goods.

• In 1825, the Erie Canal opened. It connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie.

• By 1840, more than 3000 canals had been built across the eastern part of the nation.

Railroads• Steam locomotive trains

were even faster than steamboats.

• Trips that took 32 hours by steamboat only took 10 hours by train.

• By 1850, there were more than 9,000 miles of railroad tracks.

• Factories and farmers sent their goods faster to places all over the country!

Essential Question:

• What was the Industrial Revolution?

The Industrial Revolution changed the way people worked and the goods that were produced in the

United States.

• The Industrial Revolution came to the United States in the late 1700s.

• New inventions increased productivity and changed the way people worked in factories and on farms.

• New roads, canals, steamboats, and steam locomotives made travel and shipping cheaper and faster.