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SQL SERVER –Booklet 4- Gives you the interview tips in SQL Server

SQL SERVER Interview Questions-2014

KAASHIV INFOTECH

Welcomes you to the Expert Voice Corner

Mr.J.Venkatesan PrabuVenkatesan Prabu Jayakantham (venkat) has more than 8 years experience in the Microsoft Technologies such as VB.Net, ASP.Net, C#.net, SSIS, SSAS, ADO.Net, etc., He is the Managing Director of KAASHIVINFOTECH (http://www.kaashivinfotech.com/),a software company in Chennai. Before that, he worked in HCL Technologies (India and Australia) for six years as Project Lead. As a service motive, Venkat contributed more than 700 articles which is read by the developers in 170 countries (400 developers per day) (http://venkattechnicalblog.blogspot.com/). Aligned with KaaShiv InfoTech’s mission,he met more than 20,000 young minds and spreaded Microsoft Technologies / Career guidance programs. Venkat won many awards in his career, which includes Prestigious Microsoft MVP (Most Valuable Professional) award for the years 2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013 and won many awards. List of other awards in his career,

Microsoft certified Smart .Net Candidate in 2004

Most valuable member for dotnetspider site in 2007

HCL SQL Subject Matter expert (SME - SQL Server) for the year (2008,2009)

HCL Special contribution award winner on Dotnet skills for year(2008) HCL SQL

Knowledge Champion for the year 2009

Mind Cracker MVP on SQLServer –2010 for the year 2010,2011

INETA champion - Gold Member – 2010 for the year 2010 HCL Service Contribution

Award for the year 2010

Leading Lights "Rising Star" award from Common Wealth Bank, Australia for the year

2010

TECHNICAL CERTIFICATION

Cisco certified Network Associate (CCNA) – 2004

Microsoft Certified Application Developer (MCAD) – 2005

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to thank my family members for their support and encouragement. Without their support it would be impossible for me to publish this e-book. I would also like to thank my KaaShiv InfoTech team for their support to publish this e-book.

DISCLAIMER

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied, adapted, abridged or stored in any retrieval system, computer system, photographic or other system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. Any breach will entail legal action and permission without further notice.    

1. Explain the following.a.) COLLATION. 

Collation is a type of sort order. There are mainly three types of sort orders, namely: i.) Dictionary case sensitiveii.)Dictionary - case insensitive iii.)Binary.

b.) Stored Procedure

- It is a set of T-SQL statements combined together to perform a single task formed by combining many small tasks. - When you actually run a Stored procedure, a set of statements is run.2. What do you mean by ACID?- ACID (Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a quality sought after in a reliable database. Here's the relevance of each quality: - Atomicity is an all-or-none proposition. - Consistency - it guarantees that your database is never left by a transaction in a half-finished state. - Isolation - it keeps transactions separated from each other until they’re finished. - Durability - it ensures that the database keeps a track of pending changes in a way that the server can recover from an abnormal termination.

3. Explain the following:a.) Dirty pages. These are the buffer pages that contain modifications which have not been written to disk.b.) ETL - Extraction, Transformation, and Loading. - It is the process of copying and cleaning data from heterogeneous sources. - It is an important part of development projects for data warehousing and business intelligence.4. Differentiate between a Local and a Global temporary table?- A local temporary table exists only for the duration of a connection or, if defined inside a compound statement, for the duration of the compound statement. - Global temporary tables (created with a double “##”) are visible to all sessions. - Global temporary tables are dropped when the session that created it ends, and all other sessions have stopped referencing it.5. Explain different types of Locks in SQL Server.There are 3 kinds of locks in SQL Serveri.) Shared locks - they are used for operations which do not allow any change or update of data. For e.g. SELECT. ii.) Update locks - they are used when SQL Server wants to modify a page. The update page lock is then promoted to an exclusive page lock before actually making the changes. iii.) Exclusive locks - they are used for the data modification operations. For e.g. UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE

6.What is trigger?Triggers allows us to execute a batch of SQL code when either an insert, update or delete command is executed against a specific table. 

Triggers are special types of stored procedures that are defined to execute automatically in place of or after data modifications. They can be executed automatically on the insert, delete and update operation. 7.How many types of triggers are there?There are four types of triggers. 

1. Insert 2. Delete 3. Update 4. Instead of8.What is constraints?SQL Server users constraints to enforce limitations on the data that can be entered into a particular column in table. There are following types of constraints. 

Unique, Default, Check, Primary Key, Foreign Key, Not Null.  

9. How to join two tables in Sql Server?you can write following sql statement select category.*, categoryparent.categoryparent from category, categoryparent where category.categoryparentid = categoryparent.autoid I am assuming here that category.categoryparentid (foreign key) is the value of categoryparent.autoid (primary key).

10.What's the maximum size of a row?

8060 bytes. Don't be surprised with questions like 'what is the maximum number of columns per table'. Check out SQL Server books online for the page titled: "Maximum Capacity Specifications".

11.Difference Between Implict Transaction And Explict TransactionImplicit Transaction is the auto commit. There is no beginning or ending of the transaction. Explicit Transaction has the beginning, ending and rollback of transactions with the command  Begin Transaction  Commit Transaction and  Rollback Transation In the explicit transaction, if an error occurs in between we can rollback to the begining of the transaction which cannot be done in implicit transaction.12.what is the diff between a HAVING CLAUSE and a WHERE CLAUSE?You can use Having Clause with the GROUP BY function in query and WHERE Clause is applied to each row before they are part of the GROUP BY function in a query.

 

13.How to change Database name in SQL Server?Use following code Supported in SQL Server 2000 and 2005 exec sp_renamedb "test", "test1" Supported in SQL Server 2005 and later version ALTER Database "test1" Modify Name="test"14.Write SQL Query to display current date. SQL has built in function called GetDate () which returns current timestamp.15.When do you use UPDATE_STATISTICS command? This command is used when a large processing of data has occurred. If any large amount of deletions, any modifications, or Bulk Copy into the tables has occurred, it has to update the indexes to take these changes into account. UPDATE_STATISTICS updates the indexes on these tables accordingly.16.How to create recursive query in SQL Server? Recursive query can be create in SQL using stored procedure but you can also use CTE (Common table expression). It might be also worth asking about performance as CTE is not always very fast.

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