Introduction to SPSSDILSHAD HUSSAIN SHAHMINHAJ UNIVERSITY LAHOREshahdilshad76@yahoo.comshahdilshad76@yahoo.com

SPSS Workshop AgendaLayout of the ProgramAdding Data to SPSSPreparing Data for AnalysisCreating New VariablesDescriptive Data AnalysisWorking with SPSS Output

Layout of the SPSS ProgramSPSS Program WindowsMenus and ToolbarsSPSS Options

SPSS Program WindowsSPSS Program WindowsData EditorData ViewVariable ViewOutput ViewerSyntax EditorFile TypesData: filename.savOutput: filename.spoCommands: filename.spsMenus and Toolbars

SPSS OptionsUsers can set options to make program easier to useEdit menuChoose OptionsOn General Tab:Display Names & Fileh Record Syntax & Temp. Dir.H:\On Viewer Tab:h Display Commands in the Log

More SPSS OptionsOutput Labels TabFor Pivot Table Labeling:Variables in labels shown as Names and LabelsVariable values in labels shown as Values and Labels

Pivot tables TabFor Tablelook:Choose Academic (narrow).tlo

Adding Data to SPSSUse Syntax to Read an Existing Data FileIn-line Data in a Syntax FileThe SPSS Text Import WizardData Entry in the SPSS Data EditorImport from Excel /

Loading Data Using Text WizardThe SPSS Text Import Wizard:File Menu:Read Text DataIn Open Data box, enter: C:\SPSS\grades.txtStep 1: choose No, NextStep 2: choose Fixed Width, No, NextStep 3: use defaults: NextStep 4: use defaults: Next

Loading Data Using Text WizardThe SPSS Text Import Wizard:Step 5: Use these names and formats:V1: ID, NumericV2: Gender, StringV3: Test1, NumericV4: Test2, NumericV5: Test3, NumericClick on Next

Loading Data Using Text WizardThe SPSS Text Import Wizard:Step 6: choose No, Yes The Yes will open a syntax window with the text of a GET DATA commandClick on FinishIn the Syntax window choose the Run MenuChoose AllThis creates an SPSS data file with the contents of grades.txt

Loading Data Using SyntaxYou can re-use a syntax file by opening it and running itFile menuOpenSyntaxYou can open a blank syntax window to type in your own commandsFile menuNewSyntax

Other Ways to Load DataData Entry in the SPSS Data Editor

Import from ExcelFile Menu:OpenDataIn Open Data box, enter: C:\SPSS\grades.xlsClick OK for defaults

Preparing Data for AnalysisVariable FormatsVariable LabelsValue LabelsMissing ValuesCopying Data Properties

Formatting Your VariablesVariable FormatsClick on the Variable View tab of the Data Editor to edit or display formatsName Type WidthDecimals Label Values Missing Columns Align MeasureVariable Labels Type in descriptive text that explains what the variable measures

Formatting Your Variables (cont.)Value Labels Text that explains what numeric values stand forClick in the cell of the Value column for your variable, enter a Value and Label, click AddMissing Values Defines values that should not be included in calculationsClick in the cell of the Missing column for the variable, choose either Discrete or Range and enter the values

Creating New VariablesCollapsing Variables Using RecodeComputing VariablesCounting Values in Other VariablesRanking CasesDate and Time Variables

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Recoding VariablesRecoding renumbers or collapses the values of a variableTransform menuRecode into different variablesHighlight variable(s) and move over with arrowFill in a Name and Label for the new variableClick Old and New Values

Recoding VariablesSpecify the Old Valuee.g., 90 through 100, 80 through 89, etc.Specify a New Valuee.g., 4 (for an A), 3(for a B), etc.Click on the Add buttonRepeat until all old and new values are specifiedOld values can be defined as single values, ranges or missing valuesAdd value and variable labels, etc.

Computing New VariablesCreate new variables using equations or functionsTransform menuCompute VariableEnter a Target Variable Name e.g. TestAvgBuild a Numeric ExpressionE.g. (Test1 + Test2 + Test3)/3Click OK

Other Ways to Create VariablesCounting Values in Other Variables

Ranking Cases

Date and Time Variables

Descriptive Data AnalysisFREQUENCIES

DESCRIPTIVES

CROSSTABS

MEANS

The FREQUENCIES ProcedureFREQUENCIES creates tables with counts of cases for each value of the variableAnalyze Menu:Descriptive StatisticsFrequenciesHighlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to variable list, then click OKStatistics, Chart and Format options are available

FREQUENCIES OutputCommand syntaxSummary statisticsVariable values and corresponding labelsFrequency counts for each valuePercentagesRaw percentValid percentsCumulative percents

The DESCRIPTIVES ProcedureDESCRIPTIVES creates tables with summaries of values for variablesAnalyze Menu:Descriptive StatisticsDescriptivesHighlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to variable list, then click OKOptions are available to choose different statistics

DESCRIPTIVES OutputCommand syntaxVariable name and labelNumber of casesStatistics:MinimumMaximumMeanStandard Deviation

The CROSSTABS ProcedureCROSSTABS displays the intersection of values of two or more variablesAnalyze Menu:Descriptive StatisticsCrosstabsHighlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to Row, Column or Layer variable lists, then click OKStatistics, Cells and Format options are available

Crosstabs OutputTable titleColumn variablesRow variablesCell counts (# of cases)Column percents (% of cases in column)Statistics

The MEANS ProcedureMEANS calculates overall means and group means (defined by independent variables) Analyze Menu:Descriptive StatisticsMeansHighlight variables to create tables, click the arrow to add to Dependent or Independent variable lists, then click OKOptional Statistics are available

MEANS OutputCommand syntaxNumbers of cases included and excludedDependent variableIndependent (group) variableMeansNumber of casesStandard Deviations

Working with SPSS OutputEditing/Manipulating TablesExporting Output to a FileCopying and Pasting Output

Editing SPSS TablesSPSS Table objects can be opened for editing before you use them elsewhereRight-click on the tableSPSS Pivot Table ObjectEither Edit or OpenText can be formatted, rows or columns removed, footnotes added, etc.

Exporting SPSS Output to a FileSPSS output can be exported to other programsEither entire output file, or selected tablesExport to Word, HTML, Excel, Text, PDF, or PowerPoint

*Syntax is SPSS Command Language. You type the text of the commands and then run the commands.*Syntax is SPSS Command Language. You type the text of the commands and then run the commands.*Syntax is SPSS Command Language. You type the text of the commands and then run the commands.*Syntax is SPSS Command Language. You type the text of the commands and then run the commands.**