spss intro manual

8/11/2019 Spss Intro Manual

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SPSS v17

Introductionto SPSS

Document No. IS-145


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Contents

About SPSS and the course.....................................................................1Starting SPSS 1Getting help 2

Quitting SPSS 2Data organisation and the Data Editor...................................................3

Opening a data fle 3Terminology 4Moving inside the Data ditor !Types o" value #

Defning variables and entering data.....................................................8

Saving SPSS data..................................................................................10

Importing Ecel data fles.....................................................................11

Inserting! deleting and moving variables and cases............................1"

Sorting cases.........................................................................................1"

Selecting a subset o# data.....................................................................13

$abelling variables and values..............................................................1%

&issing values......................................................................................1'

(ecoding variables................................................................................1)$e%oding string varia&les 1#

'utomati% $e%ode 1($e%oding data into %ategories 1)

*omputing ne+ data............................................................................."1

,he *ase Summaries command............................................................"3

,he -ie+er +indo+..............................................................................."%Saving the output 24Printing SPSS output 2!

,he re/uencies command..................................................................."

Descriptives.........................................................................................."8

*rosstabulating data.............................................................................30

,he &eans command............................................................................33

, ,ests................................................................................................... 3%

*ndependent+Samples T Test 34The Paired+Samples T Test 3!

*orrelation............................................................................................3)

(egression............................................................................................3

urther graphics...................................................................................%0Printing graphs 44

urther reading2 boos and 4eb resources..........................................%,oo-s 4./e& resour%es 4.

1 Correlation


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IntroductionThis guide has &een prepared to help users 0ho 0ould li-e to learn ho0 to%arry out statisti%al analyses in SPSS *t is assumed that you have thereuisite -ey&oard s-ills and -no0ledge o" a P in%luding fle handling anddata storage *t is also assumed that you are "amiliar 0ith /indo0s and -no0ho0 to use a mouse Some -no0ledge o" &asi% statisti%al terms is desira&le to&eneft "rom the %ourse

About SPSS and the courseSPSSis a 0ell esta&lished statisti%al and data analysis program with arange o""a%ilities "or data manipulation and oers many pro%edures "or statisti%alanalysis The aim o" this %ourse is to provide a simple introdu%tion to SPSS"or/indo0s

The %ourse in%ludes a &asi% guide to %reating an SPSS fle and %reating5

re%oding and %omputing ne0 varia&les5 "ollo0ed &y &asi% analyti%al%ommands to display simple des%riptive statisti%s5 "reuen%ies5%rossta&ulations5 means5 t+tests5 %orrelation and regression The produ%tion o"simple graphi%s and dealing 0ith missing values 0ithin your data are also%overed

4A(5I56777

6i-e all statisti%al pa%-ages5 SPSS is 7ust a tool "or statisti%al and data analysis*t is very easy to produ%e results 0hi%h have no meaning at all8 ,e"oreper"orming any statisti%al analysis 0ith this pa%-age it is strongly advised that

you ensure you have a good understanding o" the statisti%al pro%eduresinvolved *" ne%essary5 %onsult a good statisti%s te9t &oo- or an e9perien%edstatisti%ian

Starting SPSS

li%- the Start&utton5 Programs5 the relevant so"t0are group5 SPSS5 and%li%- on the SPSS i%on

The initial SPSSs%reen should appear5 sho0ing theData Editor 0indo05 0iththeData View 0indo0 on top5 and a ta& at the "oot o" the s%reen giving a%%ess

to the Variable View 0indo0 This is superimposed &y a smaller 0indo0headed SPSS "or /indo0s 0hi%h you %an temporarily dis%ard &y %li%-ing onthe *ancel&utton :ou %an s0it%h &et0eenData View and Variable View &y%li%-ing the appropriate ta&

Regression 2


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3 Correlation


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Getting help

:ou %an o&tain help on SPSSat any time during your SPSSsession ;eaturessu%h as &eing a&le to sear%h "or spe%if% topi%s are in%luded To a%%ess theonline help system5 %li%- on the elpmenu and ,opicsto display the"ollo0ing 0indo0as in the Inde?

Quitting SPSS,e"ore 0e start loo-ing at data organisation5 it is important to -no0 ho0 toe9it "rom SPSS The pro%ess is similar to uitting "rom most other /indo0sappli%ationseg 4)?5 0hether the f"th

&eer 0as light or regular5 or the name o" the 2Bth

&eer surveyed

o!ing inside the Data Editor

Co0 that some data have &een retrieved5 you %an e9periment moving aroundinside the Data ditor ;irst there are some points to noteD?

Ta& Ce9t %ontrol Previous%ontrol

Previous appli%ation

PrtS% S%reen%apture

/indo0 %apture

Regression +


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$ey Plain Shift Ctrl Alt

Spa%e li%-%ontrol

Sele%t %ase (DE) Sele%tvaria&le(DE)

'ppli%ation %ontrolmenu

The other method o" navigating SPSSis to use the mouseorstring? ' string varia&le 0ill a%%ept most te9t input5 in%luding &oth letters and

num&ers

The other t0o varia&les5 alcoholand light only %ontain num&ers Thesevaria&les are -no0n as nuericvaria&les Cumeri% varia&les 0ill only a%%eptnum&ers >in%luding de%imal points? and 0ill not a%%ept any other type o"%hara%ter

One other point to note< the varia&le lightonly %ontains the values @BA and @1AThis is &e%ause lightis a categoricalvaria&le 0here the values @BA and @1Arepresent regular beer and light beer respe%tively ' %ategori%al varia&leta-es a limited range o" levels or ran-s >ordinal? as opposed to a %ontinuous

varia&le >li-e alcohol? 0hi%h %an ta-e an indefnite range o" values Othere9amples o" %ategori%al varia&les are days o" the 0ee-5 or a yesFno response"rom a uestionnaire These are noinalvaria&les The "ollo0ing ta&le sho0sthe dierent types o" measurement5 0ith e9amplesrating?

Dis%rete 6i-ert S%ale5 eg 1+!5 "ore9amplesho0n in the Data ditor &y a dot?

SPSS0ill also generate a missing value i" it generates an invalid num&er 0hilst%al%ulating data "or a ne0 varia&le >eg dividing &y B?

6etAs loo- at the ;reuen%ies output "or the varia&le believe!

Regression 26

'elie!e in Santa,

2 #.7 #.7 #.7

17 5#.7 5#.7 #3.3

11 3#.7 3#.7 166.6

36

166.6

166.6

No

es

Aotal

!alid

Ereuenc0 Percent !alid Percent

Cumulative

Percent


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's you %an see5 missing values have not &een indi%ated >there should &e t0omissing values? *nstead SPSSinterpretsspa%es as a%tual te9t values 0hen readingte9t or string varia&les

The missing values 0e have 7ust dis%ussed"or the varia&le age are -no0n as #yste$issing Values5 &e%ause the SPSSsystem hasinterpreted the missing values that 0ay=sers %an spe%i"y %ertain values to &eregarded as missing values i" reuired5 0hi%h0ill over%ome the pro&lem sho0n &y the believevaria&le5 0here spa%es areread into string varia&les These missing values are -no0n as %ser $issingValues

*n order to enter missing values into the Data ditor 0e frst need to defne0hat the missing values are going to &e /e 0ill start 0ith the varia&le agenume9pr5nume9pr5?

! li%- on this "un%tion and %li%- on the large arro0 pointing up0ards

. Delete all o" the %ontents inside the "un%tions &ra%-ets

# Type or paste englis$$istor0mat$sinside the &ra%-ets

:ou should have somethingli-e this"or e9ample? toin%lude in a report

To list the %ontents o" the flenegatively s-e0ed? or to the le"t>positively s-e0ed? &oth o" these are &eyond the normal range i" they areappro9imately greater than 1 or less than I1

Desele%t the &ean5 Std Deviation5 &inimumand &aimum&o9es

Sele%t the ;urtosis and Se+nessoptions

li%- on *ontinueto return to the initialDescriptivesdialog &o9

,e"ore %ontinuing 0e should remove the varia&les lightand rating"rom theanalysis as they are %ategori%al varia&les and 0ill not produ%e meaning"ulresults

Eighlight the varia&les lightand ratingin the Variable-s.&o9

li%- on the large arro0 pointing le"t

li%- on 9;.

The results produ%ed no0 loo- li-e thiseg 1B "emales inlass '5 &ut no males?

The totals at the side and the &ottom o" the ta&le sho0 the "reuen%ies 0ithinone varia&le5 eg overall5 there 0ere 1B pupils in ea%h %lass5 and 1! o" ea%hse9 The &ottom right %orner sho0s the totals "or the 0hole ta&le

The ells su&%ommand has options to in%lude the per%entages "or the ro05%olumn and 0hole ta&le5 as 0ell as the e9pe%ted and residual values "or ea%h%ell

The ne9t e9ample uses the %ommand previously &uilt to produ%e e9tra values"or the ro05 %olumn and total per%entages5 and also the e9pe%ted values

1 all up the rossta&s dialog &o9 again The same varia&les 0ill remainsele%ted

2 li%- on the *ells&utton to produ%e the"ollo0ing &o9%oei%ient ,? and its highsignif%an%e and the signif%ant value o" ; in the2nalysis of Variance ta&le%onfrm the strong linear relationship that %an &e seen on the s%atter plot andsho0 that the nglish results are a good predi%tor "or the history results

47 Correlation


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1urther graphicsThis se%tion sho0s you ho0 to generate more spe%if% graphi%s5 modi"y andprint them

/e 0ill frst produ%e a pie %hart sho0ing ho0 the &eers 0ere rated in the fle

&eer"ullsav5 so a"ter opening the fle again

spss intro manual

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