spring 2018 - iiui · the essential purpose of this magazine is to inform, engage, inspire and...
TRANSCRIPT
SPRING 2018
EDUCATORS PAKISTAN
Department of Education International Islamic University
Islamabad
i
INTRODUCTION
Magazine has a great educative value for
students as it develops their writing skills
and talent and strengthentheir imagination.
In this way the general knowledge of the
students increases and they acquire the habit
of reading and writing. Therefore,
Department of Education has planned to
launch an Educational Magazine which
would be published bi-annually (semester
wise) and would include variety of students‟
original and creative work.
The Aim
The aim of this magazine is to encourage
students of Department of Education to
improve their written communication,
expression and creative writing skills.
Moreover, this initiative will also provide an
opportunity to the faculty members,
scholars, students and alumni of the
Department of Education for sharing their
views on various aspects of education.
Submission Categories
Articles,
Essays,
Critical Reviews,
Poetry,
Stories,
Book Reviews
News of the Department &
Learning experiences
EDITORIAL BOARD
Chief Editor
Prof. Dr. N.B. Jumani
Professor of Education/Former Dean FSS
Director, Directorate of Distance Education
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Editor
Prof.Dr. Samina Malik
Professor of Education/
Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences/
Addl. Director, Directorate of Distance
Education
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Sub Editors
Dr. Muhammad Zafar Iqbal Chaudhary
Assistant Professor
Department of Education
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Ms. Humaira Akram
Teaching/Research Associate
Department of Education
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Ms. Sumaira Batool
Teaching/Research Associate
Department of Education
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Editorial Assistant
Ms.Sana Ansar (MS Education Scholar)
ii
The Purpose of Education is to replace an
empty mind with an open one.
-----Malcolm S. Forbes
QUOTE
iii
Message of Chief Editor
It is a matter of great pleasure for me to go through the wonderful
contributions made by the Faculty members andstudents. This magazine is
intended to bring out the hidden literary talents of the students and to
inculcate critical thinking skills among them.
The essential purpose of this magazine is to inform, engage, inspire and entertain a diverse
readership - including alumni, parents, students, faculty, and staff. We intend to continue
presenting the talent and creativity of our students through magazine every semester.I am
confident that this magazine will impel creative writing and critical thinking among students.
Reading this magazine would definitely be an inspiration and motivation for all students and
faculty to contribute even more to the forthcoming issues. I hope that everyone would put serious
efforts to keep the momentum and the standards of the magazine.
I sincerely appreciate and congratulate the Editor, Sub-Editors, Editorial Assistantand the entire
management of the Department for their unrelenting efforts in compiling this magazine. I wish
this esteemed magazine all success.
Prof. Dr. N. B. Jumani
Professor of Education/Former Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences
Director, Directorate of Distance Education
International Islamic University Islamabad
iv
Message of Editor
Education is not an act of acquiring knowledge but learning to lead life and
forming one‟s personality. This is an ennobling process of growth and
development. The name and fame of an institute depends on the caliber
and achievements of the students and teachers.
The role of a teacher is to be a facilitator in nurturing the skills and talents of students.I am proud
to say that we have excelled in every initiative that we undertook and we have stood together in
facing the challenges in providing quality education to our students.This magazine is an initiative
for the students of the Department of Education to improve their creative writing skills. It is an
active platform for the students to exhibit their work and contribute to sharing of knowledge.It is
a great pleasure to see the creative expressions of students who had contributed to this endeavor.
I am happy that there is a dedicated team comprising of faculty members, staff and students who
have compiled, composed and published the magazine of our Department. I congratulate
editorial teams who have made untiring efforts to publish this magazine.
Prof. Dr. Samina Malik
Professor of Education/
Dean, Faculty of Social Sciences
Additional Director, Directorate of Distance Education
International Islamic University Islamabad
v
Contents
Problems of University Students ................................................................................................. 1
Problems Faced by the Students in the University Hostels ....................................................... 3
Child Labour ................................................................................................................................. 5
Effectiveness of Technology for Teaching&Learning ............................................................... 7
Future of English Language in Pakistan .................................................................................. 10
Teaching in the Middle East ...................................................................................................... 12
Concepts of Instructional Goals and Learning Objectives ..................................................... 14
Classroom Management Approaches for Students’ Behavior................................................ 17
Purposes of Education ................................................................................................................ 19
Teacher as Leaders ..................................................................................................................... 21
Importance of Wearing Helmet ................................................................................................. 23
Importance of Critical Thinking ............................................................................................... 25
External Pressures Bring Changes to Higher Education ........................................................ 27
Teaching Profession in the light of Quran and Sunnah .......................................................... 29
Education system of Balochistan: Problems and Challenges ................................................. 33
Ghost Schools in Sindh ............................................................................................................... 35
Modernization of Education in Pakistan .................................................................................. 36
1
Problems of University Students Shumaila
(MA Education) Students face many problems when they
complete their college life and enter in
university life. Generally,misguidanceabout
carrier choicebadly affectsthe students‟ life.
They are really confused about choosing
career. Sometimes, parents are not highly
educated.Therefore they can‟t properly
guide their children. The main issue is
thatuniversity administration and
departmentsdo not guide students properly
regarding admission. High tuition fee is one
of the major problems in universities.
Parents are also pressurized regarding
university dues. Some students could not
continue their studies due to unaffordable
semester fee. Some students can‟t pay huge
amount of fee therefore, they seize their
semester. Students shouldbe engaged in
some earning activities by the relevant
departments to pay their semester fee.
Many students try to cram all of content
and do not get enough sleep andwithout
proper rest. Due to which, students are
facing health problems. Because of foreign
language barrier, students need more time
and effort to comprehend the content of
theoffered courses. Some students had not
studied English as a medium of instruction
in their schools or colleges. Therefore, they
face problems in proficiency of English
language like, pronunciation, grammatical
structure, lack of vocabulary, spelling,
reading, writing and speaking. Language
problems due to double standard education
on initial levels (Urdu medium and English
medium) are also critical issues.
Lack of confidence in students is a big
issue at university level. Except this,
sometimes teachers do not cooperate with
students and do not guide them properly
about lecture. It has been also observed that
teachers and students don‟t have positive
attitude regarding their studies. Favoritism
and biasness influence badly on the attitude
of the students. It has also been noted
We have a responsibility to
ensure that every individual
has the opportunity to receive
a high-quality education, from
prekindergarten to
elementary and secondary, to
special education, to technical
and higher education and
beyond.
(Jim Jeffords)
2
thatteachers only promote dominant
students. Students have to complete lots of
assignments, presentations, quizzes, daily
lectures and research work. There is no
proper arrangement of multimedia in the
classrooms and resultantly presentation is
disturbed. Sometimes, students lose their
assignment or presentation at that time,due
to which teachers deduct their marks. Social
interaction is also a big issuewhich students
face at university level.
Time management is a very critical issue
at university level. Most of the students are
engaged in jobs while others are married.
Therefore, they can‟t follow the university
timings (morning to evening). They face
difficulty to properly adjust their time.
Transport facility is very pathetic as vehicles
are overcrowded with students. All these
problems can raise a student‟s stress level.
“Encouragement of higher education for our
youth is critical to the success of our
collective future”
__ Charles B. Rangel
3
Problems Faced by Students in the University Hostels Maqsoom Bibi
(MA Education)
It is true that students have to move away
from their cities to the far apart places to
acquire the higher studies. Therefore, they
have to reside in the hostels to complete
their study programs frommonths
toyears.Although, hostel life is significant
for students learning but still there are some
constraints. These constraints in the hostels
can be categorized under following aspects;
Food
The students residing in the university
hostels have to face the poor conditioned
mess with low quality food that causes the
deficiency in the body requirements and
students become sick. The other issue is the
unaffordable mess dues for the students who
belong to poor families.
Accommodation
Accommodation is the major problem
encountered by students leaving their cities
and moving to another city to get higher
education. Majority of university students
fail to get hostel accommodation or often get
this facility very late.
Habituation
Habituation is another problem faced by the
students residing in the university hostels. It
is difficult to adopt totally different
environment. It takes a lot of time for them
to adjust in their surroundings and build the
sound relationships with the people around
them.
Health and Hygiene
It is common problem of the students in the
hostels. Unhygienic conditions affect the
student‟s health badly. As a result, they
become sick and this sickness affects their
academic achievements. Usually hostel
managements don‟t pay attention to the
hygienic conditions of the hostels.
Electricity Facility
Provision ofelectricity for full day is
essential for student‟s academic life in
departments and hostels. In the country like
Pakistan as we have shortage of electrical
energy, there is load shedding in many areas
and many of the hostels have not any battery
backup device like generators or invertors,
therefore, the students have to face this
4
major problem in classrooms and in hostel
life.
In-security and Loneliness
The students are far away from their homes
and they usually feel in-secure and
unprotected from being out of their homes
and far away from their parents. Sometimes,
they also feel lonely in unknown gathering
of students belonging to different places in
the country.
“Education is not only a ladder of
opportunity, but it is also an investment
in our future”
__-Ed Markey
5
Child Labour Muneeza Sadia
(MA Education)
Child labour is a serious problem in
Pakistan. It's the employment of
unprivileged children who go through
physical and mental suffering. It is estimated
that more than one million children are
working under the age of 10 years.
Child labour is the illegal act which forces
children to be away from their normal
childhood, their schooling, their normal
growth and development. It is a big social
issue because it‟sinsignificance for children
in all aspects such as mentally, physically,
socially and morally. Child labour has
enslaved the life of children, separated them
from their childhood, education and families
exposed them to serious hazards, illnesses,
diseases and many more harms at very early
age. Given below are the causes of child
labour;
Causes of Child Labour:
■ Poverty and high level of unemployment
in the developing countries are the main
reason of child labour.
■ Inadequate social control give rise to the
child labour.
■ Young children get involved, in order to
manage two times foodtheir family.
■ They are hired by the industries to get
more work at reduced labour cost.
■ Parents do not realize the need for a
proper physical, emotional and cognitive
development of child.
■ As they are uneducated, they do not
realize the importance of education for their
children.
■ Many time poverty force parents to send
their children to hazardous jobs.
■Most of the countries are overpopulated,
due to limited and more mouths to feed,
children are employed in various forms of
work.
Suggestions to Overcome Child Labour
Issues:
● Provision of free education to the children.
● Education is their birth rights, let them
educate, not earn.
6
● Children are the future of
country,therefore let them grow in a natural
way.
● Boycott companies that promote child
labour.
● Motivate people from all sectors to
participate in order to prevent child labour.
● Prizing and punishment policies should be
introduced and ensured.
● Give out punishment to employers hiring
children.
● Reduce the factors that lead to child
labour.
● Encourage the escaped children to back to
home and school.
● Child labour laws should be strictly put
into practice.
“The capacity to learn is a
gift; the ability to learn is a
skills; the willingness to learn
is a choice.”
―Brian Herbert
― Robert Frost
7
Effectiveness of Technology in Teaching & Learning Memoona Saeed
(MA Education)
Students‟ access to technology is no longer
out of use. They can easily use technology in
teaching and learning activities. It is
important for full participation in high
quality education opportunities for better
results. Now-a-days, important learning
resources used by teachers and students are
digital. Due to technological advancements
students prefer to consult with different
websites on internet rather than going
tolibrary and collect information from
books.
Modern technology tools that enable
design, media production, self-expression,
research, analysis, communication,
collaboration and computer programming
are very common in many professions and
these tools are essential in teaching learning
activities. Technology is supporting the
development of higher order learning skills.
These are enhancing their critical thinking.
Technology is enabling students to
express their ideas and provide new
experiences that cause them to question
those ideas, and it also helps them to
understand that there might be a common
situation which they are not been able to
explain, that can set the stage for students to
use new knowledge through technology to
reorganize or modify their existing ideas and
also they are enhancing their critical
thinking. Technology based learning system
is supporting the personalization of the
students‟ learning experiences by analyzing
students‟ performance on different tasks and
suggested learning activities which are being
matched to each student‟s skills and
competencies.
Technology is being very useful in
deeper learning which opens up different
ways. The vast resources on the internet are
supporting students. They collect
information and enhance their knowledge
through internet. The internet is also offering
access to a broader assortment of materials.
Through the internet students are being able
to understand complex ideas as well as
clarifying concepts.
Online technology is also very useful for
teachers as well as students. Although,
teachers do not need technology to work
with students in small groups as they only
8
visit one group at a time. Education and
technology is interlinked. Education would
not have improved without the usage of
technology in teaching learning activities.
The technology being an effective
educational tools will enable us to generate
new knowledge and collecting useful
information.
Teachers are using technology at
university level. Technology is also
affecting the student‟s performance in
different levels. There is significant effect of
the use of technology on effective teaching.
There is also a significant effect of use of
technology on the academic performance of
the students. Students are motivated to learn
due to the use of technology as they are well
motivated to express their ideas and enhance
their knowledge.
Teachers are also being helped in
teaching due to the use of technology. They
are also motivated to organize teaching and
learning activities. Technology is very
useful for teachers and students to make
their teaching learning process better and
effective.
Technology provides dynamic interests
and useful teaching learning environment.
The aim of technology is to improve and
increase quality, so students can easily
access the delivery of instructions that also
of low cost. It also helps students to face the
challenges of the current globalization.
Technology is not one or a single step, but it
is a continuous step that is totally supporting
teaching learning actives in all educational
institutions as it also supporting information
resources. Use of technology in education
generally means technology based teaching
learning activities and process as well that
was closely related to the integration of
technologies in schools, colleges and
universities.
It is right that almost all the subjects like
mathematics, science, arts, languages and
other major fields are learnt very effectively
through the use of technological tools and
equipments in the institution for the
betterment of teachers and students. In
addition, technology is providing help and
support for both teachers and students.It
involves effective learning with the help of
computers in teaching learning activities.
Computers and technology do not act as
replacing tools for quality but they are
considered as important components for the
betterment of teaching and learning. The
need for technology is very important,
because with the help of technology,
teaching and learning activities are not only
9
happening in the school or other educational
institutions but also outside the classroom or
educational institutions when teachers and
students are physically in distance.On the
other hand, students are being helped and
benefiting from technology, where they are
not bounded to the curriculum but the
technology based course is designed to help
them to demonstrate their understanding
about all the subjects. It is also helping
teachers design their lesson plans in
aneffective and interesting way and in the
result of that students who learn more
effectivelywith motivation. Technology is
very important for teaching and learning
activities and without that teaching and
learning process is not considered as an
effective as desired.
“Education is the most powerful
weapon which you can use to
change the world.”
―Nelson Mandela
― Robert Frost
10
Future of English Language in Pakistan Syed Sajid Bukhari
(MS Education Scholar)
Pakistan is a vast country inhabited by
people speaking different languages.
Languages has, therefore, been a very
controversial issue right since Pakistan
became free. Different political leaders and
educationists have been expressing different
opinions on the subject. Even today, the
issue remains as unresolved as it was half a
century ago.English was introduced in our
schools and colleges by the British era. It
gradually took firm roots in the soil of our
hand. English played an important role in
the freedom struggle. The contribution of
English in this respect cannot be
undermined.
It was believed that after the departure of
the English from Pakistan, English would
also be discarded. But, in reality, this
language has continued to occupy an
important place in the country. It was laid
down by our Senate and Supreme Court that
Urdu, our national language would replace
English within 05 years. All felt that the
common language of the country must be
any Pakistani language. But circumstances
took such a shape that English had to be
recognized as the second official language
of the country.
Pakistan is trying to become a powerful
nation in all spheres. The economic, social
and political life of the nation is to be
changed. It is an uphill task. Progress is
possible only if the people of Pakistan freely
interact with their counterparts in other
developed countries of the world. The
world is becoming smaller day by day.
People in other countries are making rapid
progress in numerous fields of knowledge.
English is our life-line of contact with the
outside world. It is an important bridge for
the traffic of thought between the East and
the West. English continues to be an
important language used by computers and
commercial establishments in major parts of
the world. In Pakistan too it continues to be
a mark of education.
No doubt, English is an international
language. Most of the research work in
science and technology in the world is being
done through the medium of English.
English is the window for western
knowledge to Pakistan. Because of financial
constraints in the education sectorin
11
Pakistan, it is very difficult to translate all
the latest knowledge into national and
regional languages. Even if an effort is made
in this respect, till the knowledge concerned
is translated, the theory has since changed
meanwhile. That is why even countries like
China and Japan have started giving more
attention to the study of English to get the
latest knowledge.
Regional languages have not yet fully
developed. Some universities like Federal
Urdu University has taken steps to develop
the regional languages fully. But, it will
take a long time before regional languages
are in a position to replace English.
Recently, some provinces in Pakistan,
especially Sindh have been expressing fears
regarding the imposition of Urdu on them.
The Government has assured them that
English would continue to stay and to be
used along with Urdu and other regional
languages. English is, therefore, essential
for national unity. There is little doubt that
English has come to say in this country as an
important language. Almost every new
private school being opened in the country is
an English medium school. English has
come to be recognized not only as a mark of
education but also as a mark of status and
prestige.
The lovers of English will, however,
have to accept a subdued place for English
in the changing state of affairs. It is being
increasingly realized that English should be
developed and taught more as a library
language than as a language of refined
literature and rich thought. Moreover,
English can no longer continue to remain the
only language of opportunity.
To conclude, we can say that in this
modern era, it must be remembered that
English language has an international out-
look. We have to evolve an international
cosmopolitan culture, a wider and broader
horizon of human civilization. For adapting
ourselves to the changed world-picture and
international urge, we must have a cosmic
vision of life. We should not have any
narrow prejudice in the context of learning
foreign languages.
“Education is the passport
to the future, for
tomorrow belong to those
who prepare for it today.”
―Malcolm X
― Robert Frost
12
Teaching in the Middle East Tabassum Saleem
(PhD Scholar)
It is commonly said that teaching is
prophetic job. Teachers are like preachers
etc. but if you are a teacher and you are
teaching in any middle east country like
Kuwait and in Pakistani school then it will
be a horrible experience. In Kuwait, two
types of Pakistani schools exits. One with
Pakistani administration comprise of 92%
Arab students only 8% Pakistani students
while the other schools with nearly 90%
Pakistani students and 10% Arab students
also having the Pakistani administration.
Arab students include Egyptians, Syrians,
Lebanese, and Kuwaiti. Although
Bangladeshi, Philippine and some other
nationals are there but they are in minorities.
Among Arabs, the real problem is to
teach Kuwaiti students. Not all but most of
the Kuwaiti students treat their teachers like
maids and if the school is having Arab
students in majority then the situation is
more pathetic. Some Arabs are good with
teachers but they are few in numbers.
When teacher enter a class full of Arab
students at any grade then students tried
their best to knock out teacher from the
class. Most of the Arab students have two
things common one they don‟t want to study
and second they don‟t let the teacher to
teach.
Here the question arises that why they
come to school. The simple answer of this
question is, “Kuwaiti children want to enjoy
so they come to school. Pakistani schools
are their best choice. Because in Pakistani
schools, the administration is always ready
to entertain the Arab parents. Whether
teacher is right, do nothing but he/she is
always blamed for every wrong conduct of
students. In other schools like British and
American even Indian schools, parents are
not entertained like that. In those schools,
rules are strictly followed. If the student is
wrong then he/she will be punished. While
in Pakistani schools, whether student is right
or wrong teacher will always be punished.
During my job in Pakistani school in
Kuwait, there were many such events in
which teacher has to apologize to parents
and students for nothing. For example, one
teacher shouted on 8th
grade girl because,
“She was talking during lecture”. The girl
13
called the police and principal told the
teacher to say sorry to the girl. Similarly,
one Arab mother claimed in the Ministry
against a teacher for beating her son. While
the actual reason was that child didn‟t get
good marks in examination. The mother
made a false statement that teacher shouted
at her son and son was
psychologicallyaffected. She presented some
medical reports also (it was easy for her
because that was her country). So, the
teacher was fined 6000KD which is nearly
26 lac in Pakistani Currency.
So my dear country fellows, understand
the importance of your country. Every glitter
is not gold and rocks are beautiful when
these are far from us. Same is the case living
some other country. Although life in
Pakistan is also not so comfortable but it is
our country, our homeland. And if we face
problems in other countries and survive
there then why not in our own country. May
live long Pakistan-Ameen.
“Educating the mind without
educating the heart is no education
at all.”
―Aristotle
― Robert Frost
14
Concepts of Instructional Goals and Learning Objectives Fatima Maqsood
(PhD Scholar)
Educational objectives are widely discussed
and considered as important factors for the
continuous educational activities. It is
recognized that educational objectives are
much more than mere learning the
knowledge and thinking. Instead of this,
now it involves students‟ beliefs, feelings
and cultural environment. However, we
cannot deny the importance of teaching
thinking and creativity.
The educational objective taxonomy is a
framework that is used to classify the
statement which we are intended students to
learn as a result of instruction. This
classification framework provides assistance
for the exchange of various test items among
faculty of different universities to create a
bank of items. Among the taxonomist,
Benjamin S. Bloom, Associate Director of
the Board of Examination in the Chicago
University, initiated the idea of preparing
test items bank to reduce the labor involved
in preparing the final comprehensive
examinations. Initially he enlisted a group of
measurement specialists across the United
States. This group met twice a year staring
of 1949 to consider progress, make revisions
and plan the next step. Their final draft was
published in 1959 with the title „Taxonomy
of Educational Objectives’.This is known as
original Bloom‟s Taxonomy of educational
objectives. Bloom considered this original
taxonomy more than just a measuring tool.
He believed that this tool could serve as
common language about learning goals that
could help in communication among people,
about subject matters and various grade
levels. For Bloom, it serves as basis for a
particular course the specific meaning of
broad educational objectives. These are
means for determining the resemblance of
educational objectives, activities, and
assessments in a unit, course, or curriculum.
Various educational psychologists
encouraged to determine educational
objectives using taxonomies. Because these
classified educational objectives can provide
assistance in communication of educational
objectives and to understand the
relationships among them (Lehmann &
Mehrens, 1991). The original plan of
classification of educational objectives was
based on main three domains; Cognitive
Domain first published in 1956 by Bloom,
15
the Affective domain in 1964 by Krathwohl,
and the Psycho motor domain in 1972 by
Simpson and Harrow.
Blooms Taxonomy of Educational
Objectives
“Bloom‟s Taxonomy of Educational
Objectives” consists of three domains:
Cognitive Domain: based on knowledge
Affective Domain: based on attitudes and
values
Psychomotor Domain: based on skills and
expertise
Table 1: Taxonomy of Educational
Objectives
Cognitive
Domain
Affective
Domain
Psychomotor
Domain
Knowledge Receiving Perception
Comprehension Responding Set
Application Valuing Guided
Response
Analysis Organizing Mechanism
Synthesis Characterizing Complex Overt
Response
Evaluation Adaptation
Origination
Each domain is consisting of a multi-tiered,
hierarchical structure for classifying learning
outcomes leading from simple to complex.
In this classification each level of learning is
pre-requisite for the next level and moves to
the classification of lower to higher order
learning.
The Original and Revised Taxonomy of
Cognitive Domain
Bloom‟s original taxonomy of cognitive
domain was originated in 1956 which was
based on cognitive levels of learning
representing more noun words than the
verbs such as knowledge, comprehension
etc. whereas the revised Bloom‟s taxonomy
developed in 2001 by a student of Bloom,
Lorin Anderson, and his group of cognitive
psychologists, representing more action
verbs related to the cognitive domain instead
of using simple nouns and replace old noun
terms with the latest action verbs as
knowledge is replaced with remembering
and similarly in the place of comprehension
the action verb understanding is introduced.
Figure 1: Revised Bloom's Taxonomy
16
The revised Bloom‟s Taxonomy is
considered more relevant for the 21st century
skills and includes significant changes in the
terminology and structure of original
Blooms taxonomy. This consists of more
action words or verbs instead of nouns and
three of cognitive levels are renamed and
top two higher orders cognitive levels are
interchanged. This reflects a more dynamic
model for classifying the intellectual
processes in acquiring and using knowledge
by the students.
Instructional Objectives as Learning
Outcomes
Curriculum developers and teachers
have long recognized the importance of
analyzing the subject matter to be learned in
terms of intended learning outcomes. In
1960s the concept of instructional objectives
was evolved by Bloom and his associates.
Learning outcomes are broad statements of
what is acquired and measured at the end of
a course. The concept of learning outcomes
and outcome-based education is high on
today‟s education agenda. The idea has
features in common with the move to
instructional objectives which was very
fashionable in the 1960s, but which never
had the impact on education practice that it
merited (Harden, 2002). Over past four
decades the importance to educational
methods of teaching, learning and
assessments is given rigorously. More
recently the attention has moved at least in
some measures, from emphasis on the
educational process to a consideration of the
product and the expected learning outcomes
of the students‟ studies. In short it is
summarized that at the heart of whole
evaluation process is the determining the
instructional objectives and learning
outcomes that give direction to the all
process of teaching learning activities.
Objectives provide us directions what to
measure and how to measure. They
furthermore indicate whether the educational
process is successful and to what extent it
has achieved its‟ targets.
“Education is not the learning of
facts but training the mind to
think.”
―Albert Einstein
― Robert Frost
17
Classroom Management Approaches for Students’ Behavior Sana Ansar
(MS Education Scholar)
Classroom Management refers to, “the
actions taken to create and maintain a
learning environment conducive to
successful instruction by arranging the
physical environment, establishing rules and
procedures, maintaining students' attention
to lessons and engagement in activities”.
Behavior can be defined as the way in
which an individual behaves or acts.
Behavior, therefore, is the way an individual
acts towards people, society or objects. It
can be either bad or good. It can be normal
or abnormal according to society norms.
Society always tries to correct bad behavior
and try to bring abnormal behavior back to
normal.
Positive student behaviors are most
effectively developed and supported through
innovative classroom practices and clearly
communicated behavioral expectations.
Some students exhibit challenging behavior
and require additional support and
interventions to address this behavior and to
develop positive behaviors.
Disruptive talking
Chronic avoidance of work
Clowning
Interfering with teaching activities
Verbal insults
Rudeness with teacher
There are number of classroom management
strategies available to teachers. The
emerging trends include the constructivist
approacheswhich are moral and more
focused on innovative activities and
knowledge acquisition.
1. Self-Discipline Approach
This approach is built on the premise that
students can be trusted to reflect upon and
regulate their behaviors to benefit
themselves and others. This approach
advocates for its democratic view of
classroom management argues that teachers
need to exhibit the dispositions of respect,
realness, trust, acceptance, and empathy
toward students so they can build and
establish working teacher-student
relationships.
2. Instructional Approach
Teachers who use the instructional approach
to classroom management prevent the
dominant management barriers by actively
engaging students in high-interest lessons
geared to meet their interests, needs, and
18
abilities. Thus, students are motivated to
attend class, to positively participate in
activities, and to manage their own behavior.
3. Desist Approach
This approach gives the teacher full
responsibility for regulating the classroom.
The teacher establishes and enforces a set of
specific rules to control student behavior in
the classroom. Because, the desist approach
models of classroom management give
teachers power to deal forcefully and
quickly with misbehavior. So, they can be
viewed as powerful systems. This approach
probably is the most widely used classroom
management strategy in today‟s schools.
There are two educations. One should teach us how to
make a living and the other how to live.”
―John Adams
19
Purposes of Education Muhammad Idrees
(BS Education)
Education is thekey to succeed in life.It is
very important for everyone. The role of
Education is to prepare students to face the
future challenges in life to play vital role in
the social development of society as a
responsible citizen. It allows some one to do
things that he/she is not able to do without
an education. During school life, students
have many teachers, coaches and role
models. School helps students to learn and
develop their life skills through the teachers.
Individual Purposes
Thinking about college, there‟s so much to
consider when it comes to get ready for
college: where to go, what to study, how to
apply, how to pay for it and more. However,
the role of education helps individual to
learn a basic level to prepare for a higher
level of demonstrated competences in
mathematics, science etc.
Knowing Ourselves
The mission of education, as we all know, is
to prepare students to face the future
challenges. An important element of that
preparation involves the development of
career skills. Education also helps students
how to socialize. They learn how to respect
older people. Treating people with respect
makes the world much more pleasurable
place for everyone.
Sensible and Better Citizens
A good citizen is one who is actively
involved in social development keeping in
view national aims and objectives of the
society. Good citizenship makes a man good
citizen. Through education, an individual
learn good citizenship and kindness. Good
citizens are those who never harm other
people and it is noble quality that is essential
for the people of country. A good citizen
lives in a society with calm and peace. He
never quarrels with others. He does not
become jealous towards other members of
the society rather he becomes friendly to all.
He believes in co-operation.
Development of Country
Human beings today needs to have a
specific set of skills to survive in this
competitive world as well as progress. This
set of skills can be referred to as Education.
20
Education is important for a country to
grow. Educated people are aware of the
socio-economic scenario of the country and
can help in the progress of country. Whether
it is a simple thing like using water sparingly
or taking a bus to work instead of using bike
or car in order to save fuel, the educated
mass somehow or the other knows how to
contribute towards the country well-being.
Improved Living Standards
Education develops a person into a
responsible human being whose skills can
help the country to succeed both socially
and economically. Education requires in
every sector and to perform an activity of
different categories. Due to tough
competition in the market, it is quite difficult
to survive and show your skills among the
competitors. Education also helps to change
the mindset of the people and provides them
a sense to think well than illiterate.
Conclusion
Education is definitely important in one‟s
life. A gift of knowledge can bring us to the
top of our dreams. It leads us to the right
path and gives us a chance to have
wonderful life. Education makes people
capable of doing new interesting things that
can go a long way to improve human living
conditions and standards. We should always
remember that getting a good education is
imperative in today‟s society as it is a
foundation of our successful future. Our
education is really worth investment. Only if
you believe and work hard you can achieve
anything in life.
“Develop a passion for learning. If you
do, you will never cease to grow.”
―Anthony J. D‟ Angelo
― Robert Frost
21
Teacher as a Leader Moon Khan Nazir
(MS Education Scholar)
Education is the most powerful weapon to
get success in life. Teachers and the students
are playing a vital role in education. The
greater responsibility is given to the teachers
to nourish their students for future. They
lead students from their childhood and make
them better socially, mentally and
intellectually. Teachers should work as a
leader because this is the need of 21st
century‟s learners.
Teaching is an important, respectable
and well-regarded profession in every
society. A teacher is precious gift of God.
Our beloved Holy Prophet (PBUH) was the
loving teacher and his sayings are guideline
for the whole humanity.
In Holy Book, Allah SWT says that:
“Our Lord, and send among them a
messenger from themselves who will recite
to them your verses and teach them the Book
and wisdom and purify them. Indeed, you
are the Exalted in Might, the Wise.” (Al-
Baqarah 2:129)
It is narrated from Jabir Bin Abdullah (May
Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet
(PBUH) said:
“Allah did not send Me(SAW) to make
things hard for people in the hope that they
would make mistakes, rather He sent me to
teach (as a teacher) and make things
easy.” (Muslim: 1478).
Who are leaders? Leaders are those people
who lead and command a group or a society.
So, the teachers are also leaders, because
they lead their students. The primary goal of
a teacher as a leader is to improve the
learning of students and his second goal is
improve the student‟s personalities.
Teachers are the naturally leaders because
all the instruction come from the teachers.
REACH Model:
Some roles are briefly explained in REACH
Model for Teacher Leader:
Risk taker: Who seeks challenges
and create new processes.
The only safe ship in a storm is
leadership” Faye Wattleton
22
Effectiveness: Teacher who models
best practice, professional growth
and heart.
Autonomy: Teacher who displays
initiative, independent thought and
responsibility.
Collegiality: Teacher who promotes
community and interactive
communication skills.
Honor: Teacher who demonstrates
integrity, honesty and professional
ethics.
According to Brent Barry (President and
CEO the center of Teaching Quality)
The teacher leader model standards set the
stage for the 21st century teaching
profession that students deserves.
“Teaching is the
highest form of
understanding.”
― Aristotle
23
Importance of Wearing Helmet Muhammad Idrees
(BS Education)
Riding motorcycle can be fun and exciting
hobby for an individual. As oil prices at near
all-timelooks high, therefore, it can also be a
very financial way of getting around y
motorcycle.Unfortunately, motorcycle can
also be dangerous in many ways. In 2017,
my cousin was injured, when his motorcycle
was hit by a car. He was not wearing a
helmet at the time of the crash and
surprisingly, he was survived. He was lucky
enough to have survived, but many others
are not. To protect motorcyclists, laws
should be mandatory for all riders to wear a
helmet because statistics indicate that
helmets prevent serious injuries.
Traffic accident is the most serious
problem we are facing today. In my opinion,
wearing helmet provides safety to some
extent. First of all, wearing helmet helps to
reduce traffic accidents. Secondly, people
can pay enough attention while they are
driving their motors if they wear helmet.
Moreover, it helps us in protecting our eyes
from the dust or terrible lights from others‟
vehicles because we don‟t need to use our
hand or fingers to clean it while we are
controlling vehicles.
Wearing helmet helps to oblige your
duty as real citizen. Wearing helmet is the
traffic law. Someone who breaks would be
fined by the police. People who wear helmet
become the responsible person because they
obey the traffic law. It helps you to protect
your life. While you are controlling your
vehicle on the roads, you would face a lot of
problems especially accident but by wearing
helmet can protect your head from danger.
While riding a motorcycle on road
everyone must wear helmet, because it not
only provide them safety, it is also a good
sign of responsible citizen. The high cost of
motorcycle accident includes direct costs
(emergency services, hospital expenses,
legal and funeral expenses, and insurance
and government administrative costs) and
indirect costs (the value of the lost earning
and services due to death of the person.
When person gets injured in accident,
helmet can save from many serious injuries
like eyesight, memory loss and the whole
structure of head. And it also helps an
individual to save his monthly income.
24
Conclusion
Wearing helmet is very useful for us
especially to protect our lives. We can‟t buy
our lives but we can prevent it by wearing
helmet as proverb signifies “Prevention is
better than cure”. I believe that our country
will be in safety, peace and development by
wearing helmet while driving the
motorcycles.
“Education comes from within; you get it
by struggle and effort and Thought”.
― Napoleon Hill
25
Importance of Critical Thinking Saadia Dilshad
(PhD Education Scholar)
“Providing the written and controlled information to the students in the class would be like to
feed them with fruits already chewed” (Chinese Proverb)
In Pakistan,many teachers and parents have
the opinion to give children the perfectly cut
and chewed fruit from school to graduation
level. In fact, the schools are structured in
such a way that focus is more on the
transmission of the knowledge, of more or
less absolute truths, rather than to teach
children to think for themselves and draw
their own conclusions. Same with the
parents, they repeat it at home, because we
all feel easy to repeat with our children the
same guidelines used with us, without
rethinking about the demands of the
knowledge or the consequences of blind
repetition. Teaching children to believe
blindly in alleged truths without questioning
means to steal the most important skill that
is the self-determination ability. From a
cognitive point of view, there is no greater
challenge than facing problems and making
errors which involves reorganization of our
mindset for perfect solutions.
So, instead of teaching children
curriculum (the copied content), we should
offer them the challenges that oblige them to
think. We should develop ability in students
to observe, think and make decisions. If we
teach children to accept something without
thinking, the information will not be
substantial. It will not produce a major
alteration in their brains, but will solely be
stored somewhere inside the memory
storage section of the brain, where it will
remain for some time and will slowly
disappear.
Just thinking is an unconscious process,
but thinking about the topic with a specific
guideline and gearing the thinking potential
is ability or a technique used by the teacher
in making the learning an active process.
Sometimes, a brain storming secession can
be given for unconscious thinking as an
effective teaching approach. During this
process, students must be provided with the
idea of “thinking out-side the box”. It means
that they must be appreciated for bringing
the innovative ideas about the concept.
Teacher should not consider unconscious
thinking as the only pathway, but also
include the potentiality of thinking with
26
consciousness or the guided thinking. A
teaching approach that leads the thinking of
the student to consciousness would lead to
an exclusivity of knowledge about how it
could lead the student towards critical
thinking, the ultimate goal for active
learning process.
“Education is the key to success in life,
and teachers make a lasting impact in the
lives of their students”.
― Solomon Ortiz
27
External Pressures Bring Changes to Higher Education
Samina Rafique
(PhD Education Scholar)
Higher education includes all post-
secondary education, training and the
orientation of research in educational
institutions, such as universities that are
authorized as Higher Education Institutions
by state authorities.
Web based learning at higherlevel is
proceeding to meet the continually changing
necessities of students. A considerable lot of
the profitable employments accessible in the
activity showcase require some kind of
school instruction. Progressively, students
are working all the day and exploiting new
media communications innovation to finish
their training whenever the timing is ideal.
These progressions are driving numerous
schools and colleges to adjust.
Numerous schools are hesitant to
change, however in some case, are being
compelled too. The force for change is being
driven basically by financial changes. This
is requiring schools and teachers to change
the techniques beforehand used to instruct
undergraduates.
Factors Effecting for the Change in
Higher Education
1: Economic Factor
Schools and colleges are not
insusceptible from monetary changes. Since
governments are right now encountering
significant spending issues, cash that
formally was accessible for training is no
longer there. Thus, numerous schools are
searching for new well-springs of
subsidizing. Frequent schools are thinking
about the likelihood of adjusting the plan of
action to address spending issues.
Previously, this would have appeared to be
unorthodox to teachers despising
showcasing instruction.
Another factor prompting spending
issues for schools and colleges is the
opposition from for-benefit and online
colleges. Revenue driven schools regularly
use powerful showcasing and business
methodologies to enroll new understudies
“The Roots of Education are
Bitter, But the Fruit is Sweet”
(Aristotle)
28
from customary schools. To keep
understudy enlistment rates high, customary
schools are making adjustments to their
learning models to pull in and hold more
understudies.
2: Philosophical Resistance
Many educators are not satisfied with the
developing ubiquity of online training. They
are typically worried about the nature of
instruction given by online courses. Many
college professors support conventional
encouraging methodologies, contradicted to
new models coming about because of new
innovations. This strategy includes
preparing specialists transferring their
insight to understudies inside a classroom.
Be that as it may, online training has
adjusted this technique for instructing.
Many instructors feel online instruction
is a risk to their occupations. Different
teachers are not anxious to lose control of
classroom substance and educational
programs. The loss of scholarly opportunity
concerns several instructors since it
regularly requires gatherings of teachers to
team up to create online instructive
substance.
It will be very important for traditional
educational institutions to integrate online
programs with traditional programs of study
to remain competitive with for-profit
universities. In fact, programs can be
developed that provide students the
convenience of studying online while
getting the rich education experienced
offered by traditional classroom learning.
29
Teaching Profession in the light of Quran and Sunnah Sanam Hina
(MS Education Scholar)
Teaching Profession is a challenging and
demanding career. Teacher is the pivot of
entire educational process or activity with
good leadership and appropriate teaching
aids. A good teacher never stops learning
himself and keeps himself updated to
perform duties carefully. Teacher‟s job is
not only limited to deliverknowledge but
also help students to become the useful
member of society with ethics and moral
values.
Teaching profession is among the best
profession because it is the profession of our
Holy Prophet (S.A.W). Teachers are called
the inheritors of Prophets' knowledge” العلماء
.ورثة األنبيا According to the Hadith:
“I like most the Momin who learns and the
one who teaches”.(Bukhari)
In an Islamic system of education, the
worth of teacher is realized and special
status is given to them. In an Islamic system
of education, excellence in teachers is
judged by both in term of personal
accomplishment and professional
competence. The teacher must continue to
grow on the job and advance in knowledge
in order to be able to educate the advancing
pupils. Learning and teaching being
obligatory functions, a teacher must
continue to learn and be prepared to teach
for all his/her life.
Current Scenario of Teaching Profession
Teaching was the most honorable and
prestigious profession. Teachers were called
Shaykh during past time. In the order of
service to society, first place was generally
given to teaching. In current scenario with
reference to national and international
reports; the overall status of teaching
profession is not very good. According to
Rehmani (2006) teaching profession is not
considered as respectful as doctor,
engineering etc. It is important for teachers
to consider themselves as professionals.
Teaching Profession in the Light of
Quran and Sunnah
The significance of knowledge and
preacher has been highlighted both directly
and indirectly in over five hundred places in
the Holy Qur‟an. One of the crucial
30
responsibilities of Prophet (SAW) was to
spread knowledge and wisdom to all. Allah
Almighty says:
“Likewise, We have sent you (Our)
Messenger (blessings and peace be upon
him) from amongst yourselves who recites to
you. Our Revelations and purifies and
sanctifies (your hearts and ill-commanding
selves) and teaches you the Book and
inculcates in you logic and wisdom and
enlightens you (on the mysteries of spiritual
gnosis and divine truth) which you did not
know. [Al-Baqara, 2:151.]”
Muhammad (PBUH) as a Teacher in the
Holy Quran:
Allah, the glorious and merciful declared in
Quran that it was request of Hazrat Ibrahim
(A.S) to send a Messenger from his progeny
for welfare of mankind which was accepted
by Allah and confirmed that Hazrat
Muhammad (S.A.W) was sent as a teacher
for all mankind and jins. Hazrat Muhammad
(S.A.W) is perfect teacher for whole Muslim
Ummah and also Known as “Living Quran”.
Allah says:
“Our Lord, and send among them a
messenger from themselves who will recite
to them Your verses and teach them the
Book and wisdom and purify them. Indeed,
You are the Exalted in Might, the Wise.”
(Al-Baqarah 2:129).
These verses show the fundamental
responsibility of the teacher:
To recite the Verses of the Holy
Quran.
Teach the Holy Quran.
Teach the Wisdom (Knowledge)
To purify his clique.
Examples from Sunnah:
It is narrated from Jabir Bin Abdullah (May
Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet
(PBUH) said:
“Allah did not send me to make things hard
for people in the hope that they would make
mistakes, rather He sent me to teach (as a
teacher) and make things easy.” (Muslim:
1478).
Islam greatly emphasized on following
methods of teaching;
Kindness towards students
Concerned about the Betterment of
Students
Humbleness
Have wisdom
31
The perfect speaker
Answer the question patiently, and
leave what you do not know
Teaching Methodologies of Hazrat
Muhammad (S.A.W)
Rasulullah (S.A.W) used the best suitable
and appropriate methodologies for teaching
which leave long lasting effect in the heart
of the followers, these methodologies were
according to their intellect and level of
understanding.
1. Questioning and dialogue
One of the prominent method of teaching
used by Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W)was
dialogue and questioning in order to build
desire for answer, gain attention of the
listeners and motivate them.
2. Taught by Smiles and Examples
Rasulullah (S.A.W) used this methodology
give very concrete examples that a person
could see with eyes. This methodology is
very helpful for students to understand what
teacher is trying to teach and about what he
is warning.
3. Combine Speech and Hand Action in
Teaching
While teaching Rasulullah (S.A.W) used
hand action along speech in order to give
importance of what he is teaching.
4. Replies to More than What was
Asked
Sometime Rasulullah (S.A.W) gave detailed
answer about any question that person
asked. He used this strategy when he felt
that person needed to know more about
particular issue. This shows his keen
concern towards his disciple who wanted to
learn more knowledge.
5. Teaches by Diverting the Attention of
Questioner from the Actual Question
Sometime Rasulullah (S.A.W) diverts the
attention of questioner from what he asked
because of some hikmah.
6. Teaches with Humor
Humor is an important element to make
learning and teaching interesting. It lightens
the fatigue and boredom.
7. Repeat his Words 3Times in Order to
Emphasize his Subject Matter
In order to draw attention and emphasize on
subject matter, Rasulullah (S.A.W) repeated
his words. By using this
32
methodology,person understand and
comprehend it completely.
Code of Ethics for Teachers in Islamic
Perspective
According to (Bukhari, 2006), best result
can come if a teacher follows the code of
ethics. Some of the codes of ethics for
teachers are;
A teacher must always teach what
he/she himself/herself does and
believes.
If something is contradictory to the
teaching of Islam but it is referred in
the text book it is teacher‟s religious
duty to make that concept clear and
in this regard refer to the Islamic
teaching.
A teacher must be punctual.
He/she must try to have a command
over his/her subject and prepare
his/her lecture well
His attitude must be that of guide.
Teacher must learn the art of
respectful discussion about essential
matters
Dress code for teacher is essential. A
teacher is not a showpiece he/she
must be properly covered according
to Islamic dress code.
“The goal of Education is not to
increase the amount of knowledge but
to create the possibilities for a child
to invent and discover, to create men
who are capable of doing new things.”
― Jean Piaget
33
Education system of Balochistan: Problems and Challenges Ejaz Ahmed
(PhD Education Scholar)
Balochistan is one of the four provinces of
Pakistan; it has great geo-strategic
importance due to rich resources of oil, gas
and lot of other natural resources. By area it
is largest province of Pakistan with the
geographical area 347,190 sq. km
comprising 44 % of the Pakistan. It has
boundaries with Afghanistan to north and
Iran to west. The state does not undertake
any social sector development like health,
education to that extent which is being
enjoyed by other provinces of Pakistan and
education is one of the obvious indicators of
under development. It shows Balochistan lag
far behind than the other provinces of
Pakistan.
The policy makers and international
organizers always put emphasis on the
quantifiable aspect of education to enhance
the literacy rate of province under such
circumstances quality is being ignored. Due
to socio-economic factor, the literacy rate is
very low i.e. 42%. The female literacy is
much lower than the male.Furthermore
currently, the number of schools and
colleges for girls in Balochistanare 3408 and
49 colleges with enrollment of 429784
students and employment of 16693 female
teachers and still 2.3 million boys and girls
are out of school. According to World Bank
and Human Right Watch, the present
situation of education in Balochistan is very
poor even the province badly failed to
produce the required number of human
capital to run its public and private sector.
Only Quetta city has some number of
institutes which provide good
education.Thefinancial stable people send
their children to Quetta or out of province to
acquire education. About 52% of people
who are living below the poverty line are
unable to send their children out of province.
The schools in rural areas are in worst
conditions, the Education Policy of Pakistan
does not take into account the poor infra-
structure and scattered population of
Baluchistan.
The formal education perused in
Baluchistan is too much traditional.
Teachers who are recruited are not too much
qualified. They do not possess pedagogy
knowledge and most of the recruitment is
made on political bases. The curriculum
does not reflect the history of Baloch culture
and their national identity. The textbooks are
not being provided in all schools especially
34
in the schools which are located in the far
flung areas. On the other hand, the district
management is also very non serious about
such issues. About 5000 ghost teachers are
getting their salary without performing their
duties. The numbers of primary schools in
Balochistan are 12,500 in which more than
7000 schools do not have classroom and
teachers.
As 48% of Pakistan educational institute
only 5% institutes are in Balochistan, as per
national economic survey 2005. To improve
the situation, the state should take serious
concern; immediate steps should be taken to
restructure the province‟s worsening
education system. The education emergency
is the need of hour to raise the literacy rate
of province by deploying well qualified
teachers.
“Learning is not attained by chance, it must be
sought for with ardor and diligence.”
― Abigail Adams
35
Ghost Schools in Sindh Zulfiqar Ali
(MS Education Scholar)
Since many years the quality of education in
specially rural areas of Sindh has been
questioned everywhere and many of us were
eye witnessed to the worst conditions, ghost
schools, teachers, high ratio of drop-outs,
poor infrastructure, corporal punishment,
low standard curriculum, untrained teachers,
copy culture and even many more.
Therefore, the civil society, media groups,
education friendly stakeholders have started
campaign and announced an “Education
Emergency‟‟ in the Sindh Province.
After the Education Emergency in
Sindh last Year 2017, it was quite difficult
to believe that education in Sindh can be
improved because private schooling was the
only option for anyone designing for quality
education. May be Sindh government was
aware about the hopes of people of Sindh.
Therefore, Sindh government gave the
responsibility to Sindh Education
Foundation (SEF) for improving the quality
of education in Sindh and also facilitated
other donor agencies to execute educational
projects in province especially in rural areas.
But I was badly depressed when I heard the
news on national media on 7th
September
2018 that instead of improvement and
provision of quality education there,52 ghost
schools were identified across different
districts of Sindh including Larkana,
Hyderabad, Dadu, Tharparkar, Sanghar and
MirpurKhas.
According to reports, the Sindh
Education Foundation (SEF) had allocated
Rs 50 million to these ghost schools which
were under the supervision of various non-
governmental organizations (NGO‟s) and
the private sector. SEF is a public-private
partnership institution providing funds to
schools in areas where there are no
government educational institutes.More so,
the funds allocated had either not been
utilized properly or the schools did not
exist.Managing director SEF Naheed
Durrani said that she has written a letter to
the anti-corruption department to take action
against these schools and to recover the
funds.
36
Modernization of Education in Pakistan Samiullah Katpar
(MS Education Scholar)
The word “Modernism” is originated from
the Latin word „Modernus‟ that means “of
recent times”. Modernism is a social concept
that refers to industrialization, urbanization
and other social changes in the society.
According to Encyclopedia of Social
Sciences, Modernism is “Attitude of mind
which tends to subordinate the traditional to
the novel and to adjust the established and
customary to the exigencies of the recent
and innovating”.
Modernization of Education
The world we are living now is known
as the industrial world. Development of
science and technology has completely
changed human society. Now, as human
beings our needs are quite different in
comparison to the past. Change in needs
requires change in education because
education is the fundamental instrument to
satisfy our needs and to improve our skills
and knowledge according to the demand of
modern world. For this purpose, world has
shifted from the traditional education system
to the modern education system. Traditional
education system only imparted the
knowledge of culture, values, traditions and
religion. But for existing in a modern world,
we need knowledge of science, technology
and skills. The role of traditional education
system is quite important corresponding to
preserve our culture and religion but totally
relying on this system cannot be helpful in
the development of other essential areas of
knowledge such as science and technology
that has been indispensable in the world. In
view of modern world, the primary purpose
of education is to impart the knowledge of
science and technology and develop the
individuals with skills to become productive
for their society. The education that is taught
today in schools is the modern education
that teaches individuals science and
technology skills. Schools are the
fundamental sources of inculcating the
modern education in the present world.
Modernization of Education in Pakistan:
A Debate
Pakistan had been established on the basis of
Islamic ideology. Since the establishment of
the country a debate is being held between
the seculars and conservatives about the
37
traditional and modern education system in
the country. In Pakistan, Madrassahs
provide the traditional education that is
completely based on the knowledge of
religion. Many of children of rural and
backward areas get religious education in
these Madrassahs. These Madrassahs
provide free education and develop the
individuals with religious knowledge who
become the religious scholars and preachers
after completion of their education.
Religious extremists consider religious
education is enough for children so they do
not want to allow scientific and technical
knowledge to enter in the premises
ofMadrasas.
On the other hand, seculars prefer
modern education. In their view, religious
and traditional education is not as much
important as the modern education because
modern education is totally based on the
science and technology and evidence based.
Modern education enhances individuals‟
skills and scientific knowledge and makes
them able to compete with world. Seculars
want to completely eliminate the role of
traditional education because it is not as
much productive as the modern education.
However, these two perspectives about
education are not acceptable about
education.
Traditional and Modern education are
equally important for Pakistani society. We
need scientific and technical skills in order
to survive and compete in the modern world.
In colonial system, Sir Sayed Ahmed khan
had identified that Muslims should get the
education of English and science with the
education of religion otherwise they would
not be able to compete with others and get
their rights. He was the first person in Indo-
Pak history who had initially laid the
foundations of modern education for
Muslims. Science and technology are highly
important to solve the problems of this
country and to make it a better place to live.
So we need modern education to
produce scientists, doctors, and engineers.
On the other side, traditional education is
not less important than the modern
education. Traditional education inculcates
the knowledge of our culture, traditions,
values and religion. Our culture and religion
are very much important for us as a nation.
Without our culture and religion we cannot
know what is good or bad. Our culture
inculcates the sense of living a life
according to our traditions and our religion
instills the sense of ethics and right and
wrong.
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Conclusion
Modern and traditional education is equally
important. Modern education produces
successful individuals such as doctors,
engineers, scientists, and educationalists
who serve people and solve the problems of
society. While traditional education
produces good people and religious scholars
whodirect the society in an ethical way and
provides the guidelines for a peaceful life. In
short, modern education ensures success in
this world and traditional education ensures
success in the next world (life hereafter) and
also contributes to this world.
“Education is the movement from
darkness to light.”
― Allan Bloom
“The aim of education is the knowledge
not of the facts but of values.”
― William Ralph Inge
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Cultural Week Activities
Cultural week activities 2018 as assigned by student activity IIUI were organized by Department
of Education, Female campus International Islamic University Islamabad. Competition on
presentation skills were conducted on 20-Feb-2018 at the auditorium, Fatima Tuz Zahra Block.
The aim was to improve students‟ self-confidence, skills & communication skills for attaining a
positive impact in both personal and professional lives. 30 minutes were given to students for
making presentation. The judges were invited from Media and Mass communication Department
and English Department.Furthermore, cultural stall on Gilgit and Baltistan was organized
.
Seminar on APA Referencing Style
Seminar on APA Referencing styles was organized on Feb 22, 2018 at Lecture Theatre in
Maryam Block. Dr. Munazza Mahmood (Assistant professor Education) was the guest speaker of
seminar. Seminar was aimed at providing comprehensive understanding about current
referencing styles and to develop proficiency in students to cite electronic references in an
academic research. Seminar was largely participated by students of different departments.
Student took keen interest in understanding references.
Department NEWS
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Seminar on Career Counseling
A seminar on career counseling was conducted on 23-Feb-2018 at D108, Fatima Tuz Zahra
Block. Dr Asad Rizvi (Assistant professor Education) and Dr. Zarina Akhtar (Assistant professor
Education) were the guest speakers. They delivered detail presentation on CV writing. Student
took keen interest in all the activities organized by department of Education.
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Cleanliness Day
Students of BS 1stsemester on April 20 in department of education. They cleaned the classrooms
by themselves and gave message about the importance of cleanliness. Chairperson, Department
of Education Dr. Shamsa Aziz appreciated the efforts of students.
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Two Day National Seminar on Curriculum: Theory and Practice
in Pakistan Two day national seminar/conference titled “Curriculum: Theory and Practice in Pakistan” was
held on 8-9 March 2018 at Iqbal Auditorium, Faisal Masjid Campus.
Prof. Dr. Samina Malik, Dean Faculty of Social Sciences welcomed all guests, keynote speakers,
faculty members, teachers and students to the maga event. She enlightened the importance of
seminar for the policy makers, researchers, teachers and students. Prof. Dr. N. B. Jumani,
Professor of Education/ Director, Directorate of Distance Education briefed the audience about
the vision of seminar and explained basics of curriculum. He elaborated main issues in designing
and implementation of curriculum in Pakistan.
President IIUI, Prof. Dr. Ahmed Yousif Ahmed Al Draiweesh said that curriculum at university
and school level should be based according to the emerging demands of technology and cultural
factors shouldn‟t be ignored in the curriculum. He emphasized that ethical values must be
inculcated in the curriculum. Students must be aware of civic responsibilities to make this
country proud and progressed, Prof. Draiweesh added.
Prof. Hashim Abbasi, Former Senior Joint Educational Advisor, MoE Islamabad talked about the
curriculum reforms in Pakistan. He discussed different policies and their implementation status.
Prof. Abbasi discussed that research must be focused on the re-thinking curriculum by teachers
and 2061 US science
curriculum should be
explored for new reforms.
He concluded that if we
want the effective
implementation of the
curriculum then we have
to focus teachers‟ training
and classroom
implications.
Prof. Dr. Rafaqat Ali
Akbar, Director IER,
University of the Punjab,
Lahore discussed the
challenges and factors
hindering the effective
implementation of the
curriculum. He said that
Lack of Professionalism,
Economic Problems,
Political Interference,
Inadequate Evaluation,
Disapproval of society,
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Lack of Teaching Material, Lack of In-services Training are affecting the implementation of
curriculum in Pakistan. He emphasized that teachers should take an active part in the planning
and development of the curriculum and must be ready to accept the change in the curriculum.
Dr. Muhammad Saleem, Former Joint Educational Advisor, MoE Islamabad discussed 21st
century skills and how to integrate these skills in our curriculum and daily life. He said that first
of all we should train our teachers according to the 21stcentury skills so that they can inculcate
these skills in the students.
Ch. Munir Ahmed, Former Joint Educational Advisor, MoE Islamabad elaborated planning for
prioritizing the educational needs of Pakistan. He highlighted reasons behind the failure of
previous educational policies and inability to achieve targets and objectives. He stated, low GPD
ratio, teachers recruitment, teachers training, lack of resources and facilities in the school as
factors impeding implementation of educational policies. Ch. Ahmed suggested that enrolment at
elementary level must be increased to achieve the MDGs and SDGs. As well as he said teachers
competencies should also be enhanced by training.
Prof. Dr. NisarHamdani, Director, Kashmir Institute of Economics, AJK University, talked about
the integration of values into our curriculum at national level. He also discussed divine model
2015 and explained how an individual has many dimensions and domains and what are the basic
values related to each dimension and domain. He concluded that with the implementation of
golden rules of ethics we can achieve targets and our curriculum can be value-based curriculum.
Prof. Dr. Haroona Jatoi, Former Joint Educational Advisor, MoE Islamabad, highlighted
educational problems and challenges of Pakistani society. She discussed that education is a
mechanism to know and use our rights, teach critical thinking, tolerance and appreciation for
diversity and raise awareness about climate change and environmental stability. She mentioned
main challenges and issues of Pakistani society and some suggestions and recommendations such
as; relate education to other social sector issues, Gender equity and equality, increase enrollment
and control dropout and improve infrastructures and governance mechanisms.
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Khan, Department of Politics & International Relations, IIUI discussed
priorities of curriculum. He emphasized that every curriculum should consider the Prophet‟s
(PBUH) vision and Quaid‟s vision and then aspiration of society, national interests, ideological
basis of a nation and elements of national power. Dr. Khan said that at domestic level,
curriculum must take into account the societal and individual needs. He stressed that in order to
remain relevant, curriculum must have the capacity to benefit from the new developments, taking
place at international level, particularly the technological advancement and their practical
applications.
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Worthy President IIUI appreciated
Prof. Dr. Samina Malik, Prof. Dr.
Jumani and the organizing
committee for arranging such a
thought provoking seminar for
teachers, curriculum makers and
policy makers at national. He said
that all universities must focus on
the curriculum reforms according to
needs of society. Furthermore he
said that Pakistani society is the
Islamic society so it is necessary
that curriculum should be Islamic
and ethical value-based curriculum.
He concluded that women
participation in different fields must
be encouraged and teachers‟
training should be ensured for teachers‟ professional development according to needs and
technological development. At the end he distributed certificates to all organizers of the seminars
and presented souvenirs to Prof. Dr. Samina Malik and Prof. Dr. N. B. Jumani
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Two Day International Seminar on “Education for National Development”
Education is a vital investment for human and economic development and the progress of a
nation depends on education. Keeping in view the significant role of education in national
development, Department of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences IIUI organized two day
international seminar on11-12 April 2018 at Iqbal Auditorium, Faisal Masjid Campus.
In the inaugural ceremony, Dr. Abdulaziz Othman Altwaijri, Director General of the Islamic
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO) was the guest of honor. President of
IIUI, Prof. Dr. Ahmad Yousif Al-Draiweesh was the chief guest. He welcomed all national and
international guests to the mega event. He said that such thought provoking seminars are very
important for the Department and the institution and he exclusively thanked to the Higher
Education Commission Pakistan for supporting Department of Education in this regard. Prof.
Draiweesh also encouraged the Distance Education programs offered by the university.
Dean Faculty of Social Sciences, Prof. Dr. Samina Malik, evoked to modify educational
programs in order to commensurate with the requirements of our country and also in enabling
our youth to productively fit into those professional and social positions.
Prof. Dr. N. B. Jumani, Former Dean FSS/ Director, Directorate of Distance Education
enlightened the audience about the role of higher education institutions in developing societal
integrity and cohesion. He also discussed various inputs and intervention to enhance quality of
education for national progress.
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Dr. Khalid Khurshid from
Bahauddin Zakariaya University,
Multan deliberated on the
“Emerging Trends and Strategies”.
He linked the development of a
nation with the emerging trends of
technological paradigm. He
emphasized on the use of
innovative and interactive
teaching learning strategies.
Dr. Irshad Hussain from Islamia
University Bahawalpur discussed
the “HEC vision 2025”andthe
UN‟s Sustainable Development
Goals. He suggested participants
to work collaboratively in order to
actualize the HEC vision 2025.
Dr. Kezang Sherab from Royal
University of Bhutan introduced
“Education for Gross National
Happiness” with respect to
constitution of Bhutan. He said
that education is meant to provide
overall happiness to the
individuals of the country. Dr.
Sherab emphasized that Gross
National Happiness is more
important than Gross National
Product.
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sarwar from
University of Sargodha talked
about the “Vision of a Nation and
Education System.” He evoked
that Pakistan‟s Vision: 2025 is
designed to serve as a critical
guide-post for the development of
an effective strategy and road-map
to reach the destination.
Prof. Dr. Anjum Bano from Iqra
University, Karachi discussed the
“Responsibilities of Educated
Youth”. Youth of any nation is
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always considered the asset of a country and they play a vital role in the development of that
country. National Development Strategy should meet the challenges and the development
process must be visualized in its broadest context if it is to meet the expectations of the national
and global demands.
Prof. Dr. Afsar Rathor from Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS), Austria
elaborated “Fundamentals of Education in National Development”. He discussed the economic
conditions of Pakistan and associated it with education. Prof. Rathor also discussed about the soft
skills that how these play an important role in the national development of education.
Prof. Dr. Michael Platzer, from Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS),
Austria talked about the “Global Citizenship Education for National Development” and entailed
3 core conceptual dimensions: Cognitive, Behavioral and Social Global Citizenship Education.
He laid stress on the participants to play their role in improvement of community‟s or
disadvantaged group‟s life and focus on the national and international issues.
Dr. Muhammad Nasir Khan from University of Vienna, Austria highlighted the “Barriers in
National Development”. He was of the view that the greatest need of the hour is to re-design
curriculum, textbooks, teaching methodology and children‟s literature, formal and non-formal
educational systems. A fundamental purpose of the University is to shape, and constantly
reshape, society, he added.
Prof. Dr. Abdul Hameed from University of Management & Technology, Lahore talked about
the “Education for Life Skills”. He discussed the five contexts that define life skills including;
Generic Skills, Contextual Values, Composite skills, Subject based skills and Miscellaneous
Skills. He emphasized that teacher education, needs a substantial restructuring in order to align it
with emerging challenges
Prof. Dr. Arshad Ali from University of Peshawar discussed “Challenges of Nation and
Education System”. He said that “Pakistan is confronted with mighty challenges hence serious
implications for its long-term prosperity and security are needed for making Pakistan a stable,
progressive, moderate and democratic country. Similarly, to make the youth of the country an
asset, attention should also be paid to vocational and technical training.
Dr. Amjad Reba from University of Peshawar talked about the “Education and Employability”.
He said that “hiring and promotion decisions should be based on individual skills”. Dr. Reba
suggested that that employer engagement can modify the distribution of human capital (technical
& employability skills), social capital (useful networks) and cultural capital (attitudes &
identities).
Dr. Muhammad Bashir Gondal from University of Gujrat elaborated “Purpose of Education”.
Discussing the education as necessity of time, he highlighted the aims, goals and objectives of
education and also related them to the national development.
This international seminar addressed the challenges underpinning idleness of youth and analyzed
the ways in which educational institutions, policy makers; various organizations can support
49
young people in reaching their full potential and enabling them as productive citizen. This
interactive seminar was attended by Deans, Directors, Faculty members, Research Scholars and
students of the varsity.
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Two Day International Seminaron “Needs of Society and Qualification of
Graduates”
Two day international seminar titled “Needs of Society and Qualification of Graduates” was held
on 14-15 May 2018 at Iqbal Auditorium, Faisal Masjid Campus.
Prof. Dr. Samina Malik, Dean Faculty of Social Sciences highlighted the needs of society for
enhancing quality and demands of education. She emphasized on the inputs and interventions
needed to boost up overall capacities of youth as constructive individuals of the society. Prof. Dr.
N. B. Jumani, Former Dean FSS/ Director, Directorate of Distance Education highlighted the
role of higher education institutions in satisfying the current needs of youth, fulfilling societal
needs and relevance of students‟ qualification with the current demands of the society.
President IIUI, Prof. Dr. Ahmed Yousif Ahmed Al Draiweesh acknowledged the efforts of
Department of Education for organizing such meaningful seminars for the students. He further
appreciated Dr. Samina Malik for
arranging such constructive events.
Dr. Katalin Csoma from Hungary
discussed “Youth Programming:
Innovative Ideas and Lessons
Learned”. She emphasized on the
United Nations‟ Sustainable
Development Goal 4“Quality
Education”. She said that by 2030,
substantial increase in the number of
youth and adults is expected who
have relevant skills, including
technical and vocational skills, for
employment, decent jobs and
entrepreneurship.
Dr. Kamal Haider from Federal Urdu
University of Arts, Science &
Technology (FUUAST), Karachi
talked about the “Higher Education
Needs and Challenges”. While
discussing Higher Education
Institutions‟ role in globalization he
said that HEIs need to enhance cross cultural and multi-cultural activities for expanding working
relation with other institutions at national and international level.
Dr. Waseem Malik fromYork University, Canada deliberated on the “Commodification of
Education and Youth Agency”. He viewed that capital economy helps to produce necessary
51
social, political, ideological and economic conditions for capitalism and therefore reflects and
reproduce inequalities in the relationship of production.
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Khan from IIUI discussed “Recognition of Skills and Qualifications in
Connection to Skills Needed for Job Market”. He said that there is an intrinsic relationship
between academic qualification, acquiring skills and absorption in the job market. Prof. Khan
viewed that development of a mechanism for the recognition of the skills and qualifications of
youth would absorb them prudently in the Job market.
Dr. Irfan Ahmed Rind from IBA University, Sukkur elaborated “Fostering global citizenship &
21stCentury Skills among Students”. He discussed that teachers should be trained to adopt
learner-centered pedagogic approaches in teaching all the subjects interactively.
Dr. Muhammad Nasir from University of Vienna, Austria talked about “Redesigning Curriculum
for the Need of Time”. He discussed that life skills are building blocks of independence, abilities
for adaptive and positive behavior that enable individuals to deal effectively with challenges of
life.
Dr. Hazir Ullah from IIUI deliberated on “Inculcating Moral & Social Values in Students”. He
was of the view that Morality is not the doctrine of how we may make ourselves happy, but how
we may make ourselves worthy of happiness. He also highlighted fundamental moral and social
values for students such as respect for others, punctuality, cooperation, honesty and obedience
etc.
This interactive seminar was attended by Deans, Directors, Faculty members, Research Scholars
and students of the varsity.
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SeminaronEnhancement of Creative and Academics Writing Skills among
Students
A seminar on “Enhancement of Creative and Academics Writing Skills among Students” was
arranged By Department of Education, International Islamic University, Islamabad. The seminar
was chaired by Chairman Department of Education, Dr.Muhammad Munir Kyani, and was
supervised by Dr. Muhammad Zafar. The organizer of the seminar was Mr.Muhammad Pervaiz
Jagwal (MS Scholar) with team of CRs of PhD, MS, M.A, BS.
The seminar was held on 26th
of October, 2017 in Imam Abu Hanifa Block of the University, at
3pm to 4:30pm. Seventy students of PhD, MS,
M.A, BS along with faculty members participated
in this seminar.
Dr. Muhammad Zafar presented his paper on
“Creative and Academic writing” in which he
explore the needs to improve this skill. He said that
Only Practice Makes Man Perfect, so only exercise
and continues effort for improvement can help to
attain this skill.
Dr.Sheikh Tariq expressed his views and said that
this type of seminars could motivate the students
and could provide guidance for students to
improve their thoughts and skills.
Mr. Zia-Ur-Rehman (MS Scholar) and Mr.
NaveedQaiser (PhD. Scholar) presented their
presentations on selected topic, and give useful tips for improvement of creative writing skill.At
last the Chairman Department of Education Dr.Muhammad Munir Kyani addressed the seminar
and said that the department is focusing to organize this type of seminars and programs for
enhancement of skills and knowledge of students.
The organizer of the seminar Mr.Muhammad
Pervaiz thanked to Dr. Muhammad Munir Kyani,
Dr. Muhammad Zafar, Dr.Azhar Mehmood,
Dr.Tariq Sheikh and Dr.Asad Rizvi for their
guidance and cooperation to organize the seminar,
he also thanked all team of CRs and other students
who took active part in arrangement.
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Seminaron Educational Measurement & Evaluation Seminar on “Educational Measurement and Evaluation” was organized for the PhD & MS
scholars of the Department of Education, International Islamic University, Islamabad (IIUI),
under the guidance and supervision of Dr. Azhar Mahmood on April 25, 2018. The purpose of
this seminar was to develop sound understanding of the educational measurement and evaluation
methods and techniques currently in practice around the globe. The seminar aimed to understand
the necessary measurement and evaluation techniques, experiences and knowledge in terms of
effective assessment and professionalism among the scholars at the department. The seminar
started with the recitation of Holy Quran.
Dean Faculty, Social Science, Prof. Dr.
Samina Malik, Prof. Dr. N.B. Jumani,
and other faculty members also
participated in the seminar. Faculty
members provided their valuable
feedback during the sessions. Participants
took keen interest in the presentations and
posed scholarly questions.
The speakers includes Sahibzada Waqar
Ahmed, Navid Qaisar, Fazal Hakim,
Tariq Mehmood, Ijaz Ahmed, Mansoor
Azmat, Irshad Hussain ,Shafqat Abbas
and Mujtaba Ahmad. Presentations were
55
made around the themes; Function of Portfolio in assessment, Assessment Procedures,
Achievement Tests, Performance-Based Assessment, Aptitude Tests, Interpreting Test Score,
Assembling Administrating Appraisal, and validity and reliability. At the end of Dr. Azhar
Mahmood concluded and thanked all the participants.
ONE DAY TRAINING PROGRAMME FOR PRIVATE SCHOOL PRINCIPALS
Department of Education, International Islamic University, Islamabad is providing free of cost
training services to private schools under its community outreach programme. In this regard one
day teachers‟ training programme was organized by the Department of Education, IIU for
Principals of private school teachers. This training session was 3rd was arranged for the
principals and head teachers associated with Private School Network (PSN). First training
session of this series was held at Tarnool Sector, while second session of the said series was held
at Ghori Sector of PSN. The third raining session was held at “The Rise International School” at
Baharkau Sector of PSN. Dr. Sheikh Tariq Mehmood, Assistant Professor, Department of
Education, IIUI was focal person for this training series. Dr. Azhar Mehmood, Associate
Professor, Department of Education put in to words „emerging roles of school leadership in 21st
century‟. Dr. Muhammad Zafar Iqbal, Assistant Professor, Department of Education delivered
his session about „how to become a reflective teacher‟. While, Dr. Shiekh Tariq Mehmood
session was about „National Professional Standards for Teachers in Pakistan‟. Dr. Babar,
President of PSN paid sincere thanks to the Department of Education, International Islamic
University for organizing the series of training sessions for the principles and head teachers. Dr.
Babar motivated the participants to apply the learned contents in the classrooms
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Directorate of Distance Education
International Islamic University, Islamabad is an international seat of Islamic learning in
Pakistan, which provides every opportunity for an all-round and harmonious development of
individuals and society and reconstruction of human thought on Islamic foundation. The
foundation of the University was laid on the first day of the 15th
Hijrah Century, Muharram 1,
1401 (November 11, 1980). This landmark of the beginning of the new century symbolizes the
aspirations and hopes of the Muslim Ummah for an Islamic renaissance. The desire is to produce
scholars and practitioners, imbued with Islamic learning, character, and personality, capable to
meet the economic, social, political, and intellectual needs of modern times. The University
started as “Islamic University” with 9 students enrolled in its LL.M degree program and classes
were conducted at the Campus of Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad. The University was
restructured and reconstituted as “International Islamic University” by the promulgation of the
International Islamic University Ordinance 1985 by the President of the Islamic Republic of
Pakistan in March 1985.
Higher Education Commission has included International Islamic University, Islamabad (IIUI) in
its Distance Education Project vide letter No. Ref. DG (QAA)/HEC/DDE (IIUI)/2015/392, dated
09.07.2015. In the beginning, IIUI is offering only Master programs in some Departments but
later-on more programs (BS, MS & Ph.D.) will be offered through distance mode of learning in
different Departments of the University.
A Directorate of Distance Education manages all the activities and tasks for the programs offered
through Distance Mode. The University aims at achieving higher standards of excellence by
setting up a wide range and developed distance education mode in future to offer services to the
nationals. There are different committees to look after the functioning of Directorate of Distance
Education to enhance the quality of running programs.
Contacts DDE Directorate of Distance Education Room # A 107, Faculty Block I,
International Islamic University, Islamabad
For Male Students Contact No. 051-9019470,
0519019409, 0300-5108615, 0300-5811275
For Female Students Contact No. 0519019370
Email: [email protected], directorate.de
@gmail.com
Skype: directorate.de
Facebook Page: directoratedeiiui
Directorate of Distance Education Faisal Masjid Campus,
International Islamic University, Islamabad
Contact No. 0300-5108615, 0300-5811275
Email: [email protected], directorate.de@g
mail.com
Skype: directorate.de
Facebook Page: directoratedeiiui
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