SECURITY WITH HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGNWWW.AMNESTYUSA.ORG/SECURITY

SPRING 2013 ACTION GUIDE

STOP HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN THE NAME OF UNENDING “GLOBAL WAR”

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Help save paper: print double-sided (15 sheets) or just the pages you’ll hand out) Contact Info Page 2 How to Get Resources Page 2 Why Join Amnesty? Page 2 Introduction Page 3 Goals & Objectives Page 4 The Issues in Depth Page 5 Top 5 Actions Page 6 Action Calendar Page 7 How to Take Action Page 8 How to Promote Your Action Page 12 How to Get Media Coverage Page 13 How to Talk about the Issues Page 13

Fact Sheet: Guantanamo & Drones Page 15 Fact Sheet: Torture Page 17 Quotes from Military Personnel Page 18 Q & A: Guantanamo, Drones & Torture Page 19 Case Sheet: Shaker Aamer (Guantanamo) Page 23 Case Sheet: Maher Arar (Torture) Page 25 Petition: Drones Page 27 Petition: Shaker Aamer & Guantanamo Page 28 Petition: Maher Arar &Torture Page 29 In Memoriam: Adnan Latif Page 30 Campaign Flyer Page 31 “America I Believe In” Poster Page 32

HOW TO CONTACT US Contact Zeke Johnson, Security with Human Rights Campaign Director at zjohnson@aiusa.org ,

212.633.4256, or on Twitter @ZekeJohnsonAi, with any questions, ideas or requests.

Contact your local Field Organizer: 1.866.A.REGION (toll free) or www.amnestyusa.org/contact.

Website: www.amnestyusa.org/security Facebook: www.facebook.com/swhrcampaign

HOW TO GET ACTIVISM RESOURCES Contact Zeke or your local AIUSA Field Organizer for the following free activism resources:

AIUSA brochure & membership info

Campaign 1-sheet

More case sheets & petitions

Banners & signs

Orange jumpsuits

Instructions to build a fake Guantanamo cell

Free DVDs for film screenings

Speakers for panel discussions

WHY JOIN AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL? Amnesty International is a global movement of people fighting injustice and promoting human rights. We work to protect people wherever justice, freedom, truth and dignity are denied. We investigate and expose abuses, educate and mobilize the public, and help transform societies to create a safer, more just world. We received the Nobel Peace Prize for our life-saving work. Join us!

Joining Amnesty International as a dues paying member allows you to vote on the direction of the organization, increases our leverage over governments around the world, and brings a sense of community and purpose. Go to amnestyusa.org/join to find out more.

Amnesty International takes no money from governments or from corporations that violate human rights. We depend on the support of individual donors to fund our campaigns. Please consider a financial contribution. Go to amnestyusa.org/donate to learn more.

Cover Photos Top: Guantanamo detention facility “Camp X-Ray,” closed in 2002 after detainees were moved to permanent detention facilities. © US DoD. Bottom: “Weaponized MQ-9 Reaper” drone © General Atomics Aeronautical.

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INTRODUCTION Dear Friends, December 11, 2012 Thank you for joining Amnesty International’s campaign—your campaign—to stop, and ensure accountability for, human rights violations committed by the U.S. government in the name of unending “global war.” Specifically, we seek to end unlawful detention at Guantanamo, Bagram in Afghanistan, and other U.S. facilities; stop unlawful killings with drones and other weapons; end impunity for torture and ill-treatment; and ensure security with human rights. The negative consequences for human rights of the USA’s “global war” framework (‘Human Rights do not apply in War’; ‘Everywhere is War’) are immense. The message sent is that a government can ignore or jettison its human rights obligations and replace them with rules of its own whenever it deems the circumstances warrant it. Shaker Aamer is a case in point. He’s one of 55 Guantanamo detainees that the U.S. government named in September 2012 as cleared for transfer, but he remains held without charge after 10 years—even though the British government says he should be free, living with his wife and children in London. All people have rights—and that’s a fact. President Obama and Congress must change course to ensure that the U.S. government respects, protects and fulfills its international human rights obligations. This spring our campaign is focused on these three goals:

Ending indefinite detention and unfair trials at Guantanamo and other U.S. facilities

Stop unlawful killings with drones and other weapons

Ensuring accountability for torture, ill-treatment and other abuses Your participation is crucial. By using this Action Guide, you’ll be joining Amnesty International members across the U.S. and around the world in harnessing the power of collective action to:

Educate your friends, family, classmates, colleagues and communities about the facts

Raise awareness online and in the media about Shaker Aamer and other individual cases

Influence President Obama & Congress through petitions, letters, calls, tweets, emails & lobby visits Here’s how to get started:

Email me at zjohnson@aiusa.org to let me know you’ve joined the campaign

Read through this guide and decide how you can best take action—I’m here to help, contact me!

Contact me or your local AIUSA Field Organizer with any questions, requests, feedback or updates

Share ideas, photos & videos with us at Facebook.com/swhrcampaign & Twitter.com/ZekeJohnsonAi I look forward to changing the world with you this spring! Zeke Johnson Director, Security with Human Rights Campaign, Amnesty International USA zjohnson@aiusa.org I 212.633.4256 I www.twitter.com/ZekeJohnsonAi

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OUR CAMPAIGN’S GOALS & OBJECTIVES Our overarching goal is to stop—and ensure accountability for—human rights violations committed by or on behalf of the U.S. government in the name of national security and unending “global war.” Why? All governments have an obligation under international law to respect, protect and fulfill human rights. The U.S. government is no exception. Under international law—including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment—all people have:

The right to be free from arbitrary detention

The right to a fair trial

The right not to be arbitrarily deprived of one’s life

The right to be free from torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment

The right to remedy and redress for human rights violations The attacks in the USA on September 11th, 2001, were a crime against humanity. The failure of the U.S. government to provide the victims and the general public the opportunity to see those responsible for the 9/11 attacks and other such crimes under international law brought to justice in fair trials has been shameful. It has been inconsistent with the USA’s human rights obligations to the victims, as well as the accused: victims of terrorism and other armed group violence have the right, like all victims of human rights abuses, to respect for and fulfillment of their rights to justice, redress, and the truth. Our focus in 2013: This year, the Security with Human Rights Campaign—after consultations with AI members (perhaps you!), staff and allies—will focus on pressing President Obama, his administration and Congress on the following goals and objectives:

Goal: End indefinite detention and unfair trials at Guantanamo, Bagram and other U.S. prisons—and ensure that detainees are either charged and fairly tried, or released to countries that will respect their human rights.

o 2013 Objective: Ensure that Shaker Aamer and other Guantanamo detainees the U.S.

government has cleared for transfer are immediately transferred to suitable countries unless they are charged and fairly tried in U.S. federal court, without recourse to the death penalty.

o 2013 Objective: Remove the National Defense Authorization Act’s (NDAA) restrictions on the

transfer of Guantanamo detainees and its indefinite military detention provisions

Goal: Stop unlawful killings with drones and other weapons, bring transparency and accountability to U.S. policy and practice on drones, and ensure that any use of lethal force meets U.S. obligations under international human rights law and, in the very limited circumstances where it also applies, international humanitarian law.

o 2013 Objective: Ensure that the President’s “drone rule book” is the U.S. Constitution and

international law (reports indicate that the President is working to develop a “rule book” on the use of drones and lethal force).

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o 2013 Objective: Release the secret Department of Justice memo that reportedly details the U.S. government’s legal rationale for the use of lethal force.

Goal: Ensure that torture and other ill-treatment are never used again, and that there is full accountability for torture, other ill-treatment, and other human rights violations—including investigation, prosecution and remedy. o 2013 Objective: Declassification and public release, with as few redactions as possible, of the

Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA rendition, detention & interrogation since 9/11.

o 2013 Objective: Remedy, including an apology, for torture survivors, including Maher Arar, who was kidnapped at a U.S. airport and rendered to Syria, where he was held for a year and tortured.

Our activism goals are to:

Educate friends, family, classmates, colleagues and communities about the facts

Raise awareness about human rights violations online and in the media

Influence President Obama & Congress through the power of collective action

Build a long-term, diverse and effective human rights movement

THE ISSUES IN DEPTH Please refer to these three recent comprehensive Amnesty International reports for more in-depth information about the human rights concerns above:

USA: Guantanamo: A Decade of Damage to Human Rights http://bit.ly/GD7X0Y (Covers “unending “global war,” indefinite detention, torture, unfair trials, Guantanamo & Bagram)

USA: ‘Targeted Killing’ Policies Violate the Right to Life http://bit.ly/TNwSaS (Covers drones and the use of lethal force)

USA: Investigation, Prosecution, Remedy: Accountability for Human Rights Violations in the “War on Terror” http://bit.ly/z5mPnL (Covers torture, rendition and accountability)

Many other Amnesty International reports on these subjects—and others— can be found by using the search function at www.amnestyusa.org/security. In addition, Amnesty International USA’s blog, Human Rights Now, has useful updates and posts on these and other subjects, including:

The National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) & indefinite detention: http://bit.ly/Yv2PKH

The controversial new film about Osama bin Laden, “Zero Dark Thirty”: http://bit.ly/ZVVnbU Can’t find what you’re looking for? Please feel free to contact me (Zeke) with any questions.

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TOP 5 ACTIONS FOR SPRING 2013! Here are the top 5 actions I hope you can take this spring to help us make progress on the goals and objectives listed above. By working together and each doing a small part, we can use the power of collective action to change the U.S. government’s course on human rights. See the “How To Take Action” section for details on how to organize and promote these actions. 1) Join the January 11 Day of Action against Guantanamo, Torture & Unlawful Killings

Goal: be visible to President Obama and Congress—in DC, worldwide, online and in the media--so that they know the public demands human rights change.

Come to Washington DC for the orange jumpsuit march: www.amnestyusa.org/jan11

Or organize a solidarity action or event in your town, here are ideas: o Focus on the case of Shaker Aamer, held 10 years without charge at Guantanamo o Gather signatures to the petition for Shaker Aamer in this Action Guide or take action online at

www.amnestyusa.org/aamer. o Hand out the “Torture Fact Sheet” in this Action Guide at screenings of the film “Zero Dark

Thirty” (it opens nationwide on January 11). You can also write a letter to the editor about torture in response to articles about the film. Contact me for a sample letter.

o If you have time and interest, consider an orange jumpsuit stunt to garner local media attention. Or a call-in, Tweet-in or fax jam with your friends to send more messages to the White House about Shaker Aamer’s case.

o See the “How To…” section for tips on how to organize these types of actions.

Please register your participation at http://www.amnestyusa.org/jan11 so we can keep a tally.

2) Organize a “Get the Facts about Guantanamo & Drones” panel discussion, film-screening or creative stunt—on campus or in your community:

Goals: educate and inspire participants to take action; influence your federal Senators and federal Representative; and earn local media visibility—all to help create human rights change.

It could be a panel, film screening, workshop or creative stunt—I’m here to help you decide.

A panel could include you as a moderator, me (Zeke from Amnesty), a professor from your school or community, and a Guantanamo military lawyer, with a lot of time saved for questions and discussion. I can also give a workshop on Guantanamo and drones the day before your panel. Contact me for details and help: zjohnson@aiusa.org or 212.633.4356.

Creative stunts could include creating a mock Guantanamo cell with our kit and orange jumpsuits, or creating a mock “drone attack” scene, with debris and activists playing the part of affected civilians. Use your imagination and share ideas with us, so that we can share them with other activists!

Amnesty may be able to help with expenses and speakers—contact me for more info.

See the “How To…” section for tips on how to organize these types of actions. 3) Make 3 Lobby visits against Guantanamo and the National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA):

Goal: Direct pressure on your elected officials

Gather several friends and schedule appointments this spring to meet with the local offices of your two federal Senators and your federal Representative.

Tell your elected officials that you are very unhappy that Congress passed the NDAA with provisions that restrict the transfer of Guantanamo detainees and further entrench indefinite detention.

Let them know you want them to work hard in 2013 to ensure that the 2014 NDAA has no such provisions, and that Guantanamo prison closes.

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I can give you a full briefing and help you prep before your meeting—there will probably be additional “asks” for you to raise at the time of your meeting.

See the “How To…” section for tips on how to lobby 4) Make a phone call against torture:

Goal: Direct pressure for the release of the Senate report on CIA torture

Call the office of Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA), Chair of the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, at 1.202.224.3841 and say “I urge Senator Feinstein to do all she can to ensure declassification and public release, with as few redactions as possible, of the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture. Public release of the report would be an important step toward countering pro-torture claims and ensuring the U.S. never uses torture again. Thank you."

Also, if you have a Senator on the Intelligence Committee, be sure to call them as well. 5) Tell President Obama to ensure that no people are unlawfully killed with drones:

Goal: Direct pressure for reform on U.S. policy and practice on the use of lethal force

Click and share our online action on drones at www.amnestyusa.org/drones

You can also call the White House comment line at 1.202.456.1111 and say “I call on President Obama to end unlawful killings with drones. The “rule book” for the use of lethal force is international law. President Obama must follow the law and respect human rights.”

To get more involved, write a letter to the President, expressing why you personally care deeply about the issue. Reportedly, he reads 10 letters from the public a day. Get your drone letter read by following our letter writing tips at: http://www.amnestyusa.org/activisttoolkit (p.40)

ACTION CALENDAR January 11, 2013: 11th anniversary of Guantanamo prison

Action: Join the January 11 Day of Action Against Guantanamo, torture & unlawful killings: www.amnestyusa.org/jan11

February 14, 2013: 11th anniversary of Shaker Aamer’s arrival at Guantanamo

Action: Call for him to be charged or released: www.amnestyusa.org/aamer Spring Semester: Organize your “Get the Facts about Guantanamo & Drones” educational action

Action: See #2 in the “Top 5 Spring 2013 Actions” section! Email zjohnson@aiusa.org March 22 – 24, 2013: AIUSA’s Annual General Meeting

Action: Join us in Washington DC to meet other passionate activists and take part in panels and workshops on the issues you care about. http://www.amnestyusa.org/agm

June 26, 2013: International Day of Action in Support of Victims of Torture

Action: Remedy for Maher Arar & all torture survivors: www.amnestyusa.org/arar Fall 2013 Sneak Peek

Education drive during the fall/winter semester

Regional Conferences

January 11 action against Guantanamo

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HOW TO TAKE ACTION How to Choose Which Actions to Take, and When?! Different actions have different levels of impact, and may be more or less strategic depending on the issue on which you want to focus (Guantanamo, torture or drones), the timing, and on the roles your federal Senators and Representative play on these issues in Washington DC. Therefore, please feel free to contact me so that we can talk through the best action or actions for you to take. How to Organize a “Get the Facts About Guantanamo & Drones” Panel Discussion Organizing a panel can take a lot of hard work but the payoff is big. Participants come away better informed and inspired to take action. Panels can also get coverage in local media, and help put more pressure on your elected officials for change.

The basics: Check out the Activist Toolkit for tips: www.amnestyusa.org/activisttoolkit (p. 34 & 36).

When to do it: Chose a time that will facilitate attendance, and consider having food available!

Where to do it: On campus, part of a class, public space, place of workship, etc

Speakers: Keep it to three speakers or less, plus a moderator. Here are ideas: o I can join you in person or by Skype (this is Zeke writing!), depending on schedule & expenses o I may be able to get a Guantanamo military defense lawyer to come speak, contact me o September 11th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows Speakers Bureau o AIUSA speakers list http://bit.ly/oV8FIo o Look for local professors with expertise in international law o Contact your local Veterans for Peace or ACLU chapter

Have actions available: use the petitions in this Action Guide, and consider a call-in action to local Members of Congress.

Be sure to publicize your panel to the media & invite local politicians to attend! How to Organize a “Get the Facts” Stunt on Campus or in Your Local Community The idea is to do something creative and exciting, in order to get people engaged, set them up with educational handouts, get local media attention, and help put pressure on your elected officials. Here are several ideas, but please use your own creative powers to come up with other ideas and share them with me, so that I can share with other activists!

The basics: Check out the Activist Toolkit for event tips: www.amnestyusa.org/activisttoolkit (p. 34).

Be sure to publicize your stunt to the media & invite local politicians to attend!

Guantanamo idea: Use our “build your own Guantanamo cell” kit to construct a mock cell, and ask your teachers, professors or friends to wear an orange jumpsuit inside of it. Create a sign that says “No one should be held without charge or fair trial at Guantanamo” and ask passersby to sign the petition for Shaker Aamer (at the end of this guide). Give them the fact sheet to take away, and ask them to join your Amnesty group’s next meeting.

Drone idea: Create a mock “drone strike” scene, with debris and activists playing the part of affected civilians. Create a sign that says "President Obama: Stop Unlawful Killings with Drones" and ask passersby to sign the petition on drones. Give them the fact sheet to take away, and ask them to join your Amnesty group’s next meeting.

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How to Organize a “Get the Facts” Film Screening & Discussion Movies are a powerful way to help educate people about why they should care about Guantanamo, torture and drones. Post-screening discussions give people a way to express their own views on these difficult issues and learn about what they can do to help. Having actions available--and getting your event covered by local or campus media--helps generate more pressure on your elected officials.

The basics: Check out the Activist Toolkit for tips: www.amnestyusa.org/activisttoolkit (p. 37).

Where to screen: on campus, in your class, in your home, at a theater…be creative!

Note: We are not allowed to charge a fee to view any of these films

Have actions available: use the petitions in this Action Guide, and consider a call-in action to local Members of Congress.

Be sure to publicize your screening to the media & invite local politicians to attend!

Suggested films:

o WitnessToGuantanamo.com video interviews. (Length: up to you; documentaries) The free online video collection at WitnessToGuantanamo.com/ is an incredible resource that allows you to put together your own video program of interviews with former detainees, military personnel, lawyers and others. Or you can use one of their suggested combinations of video interviews based on themes from their collection. The website also has a useful teacher’s guide and other valuable resources.

o The Response (30 minutes; drama; about Guantanamo). Available on DVD for free by emailing

me. More info: http://www.theresponsemovie.com

o Outside of the Law: Stories from Guantanamo (75 minutes; doc; Shaker Aamer, torture, Guantanamo). Available for $10 from http://www.andyworthington.co.uk/outside-the-law-stories-from-guantanamo/

o CNN Program on the case of torture survivor Maher Arar (8 minutes, documentary). Available

for free at www.amnestyusa.org/apologize

o Road to Guantanamo (95 minutes; drama; torture, Guantanamo). Available on DVD for free by emailing me. More info: http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0468094/

o Torture on Trial (30 minutes; doc). Available on DVD for free by emailing me. More info:

http://www.linktv.org/programs/torture-on-trial

o Torturing Democracy (90 minutes; doc). Available on DVD for free by emailing me. More info: http://www.torturingdemocracy.org/

o Taxi to the Dark Side (90 minutes; doc; Bagram, torture). Activists must rent or buy the DVD.

More info: http://www.hbo.com/documentaries/taxi-to-the-dark-side/index.html

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How to Organize In-District Lobby Visits with Your Two Senators and Representative Meeting with the staff of your two Senators or your Representative—either in DC or locally--is one of the best ways to get your voice heard on Guantanamo, torture and drones. I’ve done it many times and it is always an empowering experience!

The basics: Check out the Activist Toolkit for tips: www.amnestyusa.org/activisttoolkit (p. 41 – 42).

What to lobby them about: Our current lobby focus is on the NDAA (see Top 5 Actions), but depending on when you go and with whom you meet, I may have additional “asks”—contact me!

When to do it: Amnesty holds lobby weeks, but you can also lobby anytime on your own or with your group. The idea is to build a long term relationship with the staff of your elected officials, so you should try to meet with them at least twice a year.

Be sure to let me know if you are planning a lobby visit. I’ll set you up with timely “asks,” handouts and background information.

How to Send Messages to President Obama, his Administration and Congress It is very important that our elected officials hear directly from us through phone calls, letters, faxes, emails and Tweets. Sure, just one email or letter probably won’t change much. But if enough of us do it, the power of collective action will kick in, and we’ll see results! Remember, your elected officials expect to hear from you, so don’t be shy about contacting them!

What to contact them about: Choose from the “Goals & Objectives” section above or look at the sample letters in the E-Mail actions (outlined below). If in doubt, email me and I will help you with a sample letter, call script, e-mail or tweet.

Who to Contact: The President (1.202.456.1111, @barackObama), the Attorney General, the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of State, your two Senators or your Representative. I can help you choose which person to contact about a particular issue.

Note: It is more fun when you do this with friends or your group, so organize a direct action party!

Remember: Let me know when you take action, so I can keep a tally!

Letter Writing Tips: http://www.amnestyusa.org/activisttoolkit (p. 40).

Sample call: Call the White House comment line at 1.202.456.1111 and say, “Hello, I am calling to urge President Obama to close Guantanamo, end unlawful killings with drones and ensure that torture is never used by the U.S. government again. He should take steps right away to either charge or release Guantanamo detainee Shaker Aamer, held without charge for over 10 years, despite being cleared for transfer and the UK government wanting him free. The U.S. government is obligated under international law to respect, protect and fulfill human rights. Thank you.”

E-Mail Actions. Be sure to take and share all of them! The sample letters are also useful guides for writing op-eds, letters to the editor, faxes, Tweets and letters: o Guantanamo: Charge or release Shaker Aamer: www.amnestyusa.org/aamer o Guantanamo: Charge or release Hussain Almerfedi: www.amnestyusa.org/almerfedi o Guantanamo: Charge or release 2 Kuwaitis: www.amnestyusa.org/kuwaitis o NDAA & Guantanamo: Remove NDAA detention provisions: www.amnestyusa.org/ndaa o Drones: End unlawful killings with drones and other weapons: www.amnestyusa.org/drones o Torture: Apology and remedy for Maher Arar & other survivors: www.amnestyusa.org/arar o Torture: Release the Senate report on CIA torture: www.amnestyusa.org/ciatorture

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How to Use Twitter & Facebook Twitter is a great way to reach elected officials, reporters and other activists directly, join in discussion and recruit more people to the cause. If you don’t know how to use it, go to www.twitter.com to set up an account, and email me—I will help you! Facebook is good for getting other activists to take action, or to promote an event. You can also post to the Facebook pages of elected officials, but the downside is that you may have to “Like” their page!

Who to Tweet: @BarackObama @WhiteHouse @TheJusticeDept @StateDept @DeptofDefense. Also, look up the Twitter handles of your Senators and Representative.

Who to follow: @amnesty and @ZekeJohnsonAi, www.facebook.com/swhrcampaign

Hashtags to use: #Guantanamo #CloseGitmo #torture #drones #HumanRights #Amnesty

Urls to include: Use the urls in the email action section above or create short urls to AI reports

Share our blogs: http://blog.amnestyusa.org/category/waronterror/

Post links to the email actions on your page / Set your Facebook photo to one of our graphics How to Use Your Talent for Graphic Design, Videography, Art, etc., to Support the Campaign Are you passionate about and skilled in a creative field? Then let’s talk about how we can put your talents and passions to good use for human rights—contact me at zjohnson@aiusa.org or 212.633.4256. How to Get a Letter to the Editor (LTE) Published Getting a letter published in your local paper is a great way to raise the visibility of our campaign and increase the pressure on elected officials. The trick is to connect your letter to a recent article or editorial in the paper—and send it in fast!

The basics: Check out AIUSA’s Activist Toolkit at http://www.amnestyusa.org/activisttoolkit

When to do it: Connect your letter to a recent article or editorial (respond the same day or next)

What to write about: you can draw text from the Goals & Objectives section or contact me for our messages. People often want templates for these letters, and we do provide them sometimes, but it is best to craft a personal message unique to you that includes our “asks.”

For example, if you see an article about Guantanamo, send in a letter referencing it, explaining why you personally want Guantanamo closed and calling for Shaker Aamer and all other detainees to either be charged and fairly tried in federal court, or released.

Or, if you see an article or review about the film “Zero Dark Thirty,” write a letter noting that torture is immoral, unlawful and never permitted. Contact me if you need help.

Keep it short: 250 words or less

Include: your contact info, as papers will want to verify information

Let me know: if you write a letter—and if you get published! How to Get an Op-Ed Published Getting an op-ed placed in your local paper or online can be tough, but it’s worth the effort. Op-eds get read by lots of people and are often flagged for Senators and Representatives by their staff.

When to do it: It’s best to connect to current or breaking news, but sometimes an anniversary (like the January 11 anniversary of Guantanamo prison can be a good hook).

How to get started: Call or email me and I will help you with text and with pitching.

Another idea: if you’re in school and you have a professor who agrees with us on Guantanamo, torture and drones, ask her or him to write an op-ed for the local paper or student paper.

Also: it’s worthwhile to meet with the editorial board of your local paper and develop relationships with reporters. It’ll make it easier to get an op-ed placed and your events covered.

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How to Adopt a Case for Sustained Campaigning Adopting the case of a particular Guantanamo detainee or torture survivor is very important way for individuals and groups to generate sustained pressure on elected officials for human rights change.

Here are several cases one can adopt for sustained activism, I can send you the full case details, suggested actions, and help you select a case: o ‘Abd al Rahim al-Nashiri, prosecuted in an unfair trial at Guantanamo o Fawzi al-Odah & Fayiz al-Kandari, held 10+ years without charge: amnestyusa.org/kuwaitis o Hussain Almerfedi, held 9+ years at Guantanamo without charge: amnestyusa.org/almerfedi o Maher Arar, rendered from NYC to Syria, where he was tortured: amnestyusa.org/arar o Mohamed al Qahtani, tortured at Guantanamo, held without charge o Saifullah Paracha, held 8+ years without charge at Guantanamo o Shaker Aamer, held 10+ years at Guantanamo without charge: amnestyusa.org/aamer

Please share your ideas for other actions! We’re always looking for new, creative and effective actions. So please brainstorm ideas and let me know what you come up with. Need some inspiration? Check out this list of “198 Methods of Nonviolent Protest and Persuasion.”

HOW TO PROMOTE YOUR ACTION OR EVENT 1) Get clear on the details: It’s all about the 5 W’s! Everyone in your group should be able to rattle off the 5Ws and all your materials should clearly have this info: Who (who’s the event for, who’s organizing it, who to ask for more info?) What (what type of event is it & what is it about?) When (give date and day of the week as well as time) Where (provide a link to a map or directions and information on transportation and parking) Why (what’s the purpose of the event & why is it important?) 2) Develop the tools: (a) Flyer & email (b) Handbill; (c) Facebook page; (d) Media Advisory (see below). 3) Cast the outreach net: Brainstorm with your group about organizations, places and individuals you should get the materials and information to. What groups might have an interest in your topic? What are the ways folks get information in your community? Get other groups to cosponsor, and they can reach out to their networks. Plaster the flyers around, hand them out at well-trafficked pedestrian areas or events. Send the media advisory out to your local media. Give everyone in your group a stack of materials to distribute. Be sure to invite your federal Senators and Representative—and their staffers. 4) Conduct personalized outreach & follow up: The best way to get people to come is to make as many personalized appeals as possible. Don’t rely only on email, ask people in person where possible or call.

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HOW TO GET YOUR ACTION OR EVENT IN THE MEDIA

Notify the media at least 48 hours before your event if possible. Write a media advisory (see below) and fax it to the local Associated Press and other local media. Call or email the Associated Press and ask if they can list your event in the “daybook,” a calendar that local media read to learn of upcoming events. Time your event to make it convenient for newspaper coverage. As many weekly newspapers go to print on a Monday or Tuesday, time between a weekend event and going to press is short.

Take photographs at your event and submit them electronically within 48 hours to your weekly paper. Make sure to label each photograph in the e-mail when you submit it. Strong visual events could also interest local television – new and creative ideas are always worth trying. Use Amnesty banners or posters with “Amnesty International” clearly written on them at your event. Clearly marked Amnesty branding will help bystanders identify you and if a picture is published it will indicate that Amnesty International was the host of the event.

A media advisory should simply announce an event, along with relevant details (who-what-when-where-why). It should be as short and to the point as possible. It should also contain a key message along with a quote stating AI’s position on a relevant issue. Keep the message clear and concise, and use your follow up call as an opportunity to provide additional information.

Send the media advisory to all relevant local media by fax or e-mail ideally one week before the event, but at least two or three days in advance. Identify the person you want to send it to beforehand. Address faxes and letters to them directly, and ask to speak to them when you follow up with phone calls. Get e-mail addresses whenever possible, so you can minimize the risk of individuals not receiving your advisory via fax.

Follow up with a phone call and e-mail one to two days before the event, and perhaps again the day of the event as a reminder. Keep your conversation brief and courteous at all times. When following up, ask if they have a moment to speak since they are often on deadline; if this is the case, inquire when you should call back. The best time to place these calls is usually during the morning hours.

HOW TO TALK ABOUT THE ISSUES

Be polite; show that your position is the one a polite and reasonable person would take.

Try to connect with people, rather than disconnect; build bridges, don’t burn them.

Look for common ground; for example, we all care about the safety of our families and friends. Human rights protect all of us from abuse.

If someone is mean or disrespectful toward you, just thank them for their opinion and excuse yourself from the conversation. Don’t escalate the situation by arguing back or by being rude.

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Don’t feel pressure to change someone’s mind about these issues, rather, focus on a more realistic goal of planting the seed of doubt in their minds about their own position. If they leave your conversation thinking about what you said, rather than dismissing it, that is a positive step toward human rights!

Acknowledge that the 9/11 attacks were a crime against humanity and there must be justice for the attacks, but note that justice means a fair trial—and that the 9/11 attacks do not justify torture, unlawful killings, indefinite detention and other human rights violations.

Refer to the fact that there are military experts, like former interrogator Matthew Alexander, and 9/11 family members, like the group September 11th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows, who agree that Guantanamo must close, torture must never be used, and unlawful killings with drones must stop. Citing these groups can help convince people who are skeptical about human rights.

Unless you know the facts and the legal nuances, don’t get drawn in to legalistic or factual arguments; instead stick with what you know in your heart to be true: detention without charge, unfair trials, unlawful killings and torture are wrong. It is always fair to tell someone you will find out the answer to something you don’t know and get back to them.

The issue: The issue is not whether Guantanamo, torture and drones are effective or ineffective at countering terrorism (though many military experts say they are ineffective and counterproductive). The issue is that these are human rights violations: immoral, illegal and are never permitted.

Illegal: Torture and other human rights violations are considered so heinous by society that they have been explicitly outlawed in US and international law. And the law requires accountability for human rights violations. The idea that we are somehow “at war” with terrorism or armed groups does not justify torture, unlawful detention, unfair trials or unlawful killings.

Immoral: We know deep down that torture, detention without charge and other human rights violations are immoral. We don’t need to refer to any other authority than ourselves on this point!

If someone doesn’t care about abuses happening to someone else, you can point out that by violating human rights, the U.S. government is undermining the rule of law and the global human rights framework, which puts each and every one of us and our families at greater risk of abuse. As Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. wrote in his Letter from a Birmingham Jail, “injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.”

Have an “elevator speech” ready. Whether for an elevator ride, media interview, lobby visit, or dinner table debate, it’s useful to have a few points memorized. Here’s an example (be sure to personalize it): Did you know that many military personnel and 9/11 family members oppose torture, Guantanamo and unlawful killings with drones? They say these are human rights violations that are immoral and against the law. I for one don’t feel safer knowing that our government thinks it can do whatever it wants to people in the name of a vague, unending “global war” against terrorism. Using fair trials and standard law enforcement techniques is a better way.”

Read and share the following fact sheets and the Q & A!

STOP HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN THE NAME OF UNENDING “GLOBAL WAR” January 1, 2013: The U.S. government continues to violate human rights in the name of a vaguely defined and unending “global war” against terrorism, including indefinite detention at Guantanamo and other U.S. facilities, unfair trials, impunity for torture, and policies that appear to allow unlawful killings, including with drones.

The USA’s “global war” paradigm is an unacceptably unilateral and wholesale departure from the very concept of the international rule of law generally, and the limited scope of application of the law of armed conflict in particular, as it has existed to date. The negative consequences for human rights of the USA’s double-barreled assault (‘Human rights do not apply in war’; ‘Everywhere is war’) are immense. The message sent is that a government can ignore or jettison its human rights obligations and replace them with rules of its own whenever it deems the circumstances warrant it. Under international law, all people have the right to a fair trial, the right to be free from arbitrary detention, the right to be free from torture, the right not to be arbitrarily deprived of one’s life, and the right to remedy for human rights violations. The attacks in the USA on September 11

th, 2001, were a crime against humanity. Those

responsible must be brought to justice though a fair trial that meets international standards. But the September 11

th attacks and claims of national security do not justify indefinite detention, torture, unlawful killings with drones

or other human rights violations. The U.S. government must end violations of human rights and ensure security with human rights.

GUANTANAMO It is 11 years since the transfer of the first

detainees to the US detention center in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. More than 150 men are still held in Guantánamo.

779 detainees have been held in Guantánamo, the vast majority without charge or criminal trial.

About 600 detainees have been transferred from Guantánamo to other countries since 2002.

At least 12 of those held at Guantánamo were under 18 years old when taken into custody.

1 Guantánamo detainee has been transferred to the US mainland for trial in US federal court.

6 detainees currently are facing the possibility of death sentences after unfair trial by military commission.

7 detainees have been convicted by military commission, five as a result of pre-trial

agreements under which they pled guilty four of whom have been repatriated.

9 detainees have died while in US custody in Guantánamo, the most recent in September 2012.

48 detainees would neither be released nor tried, but would be held in indefinite detention according to the Obama administration in 2010.

Guantánamo detainees must be released immediately to countries that will respect their human rights, unless they are charged with a recognizably criminal offence and given fair trials in independent courts, in full accordance with international standards, and without recourse to the death penalty.

DRONES Key factual and legal details of the USA’s

‘targeted killing’ program remain shrouded in secrecy. But the picture slowly emerging gives grounds to conclude that U.S. policies and practices are unlawful, violating the fundamental human right not to be arbitrarily deprived of one’s life. <continued on reverse>

DRONES (continued from reverse) While some of the killings in question, if

conducted in the context of specific armed conflicts, may not violate international human rights or international humanitarian law, the policy appears also to permit extrajudicial executions in violation of international human rights law, virtually anywhere in the world.

The U.S. government must take immediate steps to bring its policies and practices on the use of lethal force, including with drones, in line with US obligations under international human rights law and, in the very limited circumstances where it also applies, international humanitarian law.

Deliberate killings of terrorism suspects by the USA far from any recognized battlefield and without charge or trial has been reported since at least 2002, but the policies and practices for such killings appear to have undergone rapid expansion in recent years.

While Amnesty International does not have comprehensive data of its own on the totality of such killings, and is not in a position to endorse the findings of others, the Bureau of Investigative Journalism has published figures that give some sense of the scale of such US operations. The Bureau estimates there have been a total of some 2854 to 4175 people reported killed in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia, from 2001 to 2012.

The Bureau also estimates that across these countries 551 to 1027 of those killed were reported to have been “civilians” (meaning individuals who are not alleged to have been “militants”), of whom 200-202 have been children.

Amnesty International notes that, in respect of attacks carried out in the context of an armed conflict, international humanitarian law does not prohibit incidental killing of civilians, including children, so long as among other things the attack is not indiscriminate, civilian losses are minimized as much as is feasible, and the civilian losses are not disproportionate to the military objective that was the target of the attack.

Amnesty International calls on the U.S. government to:

o Disclose further legal and factual details

about US policy on drones and the use of lethal force.

o End claims that the USA is authorized by

international law to use lethal force anywhere in the world under the theory that it is involved in a “global war” against al-Qa'ida and other armed groups and individuals.

o Recognize the application of international

human rights law to all US counterterrorism operations including those outside US territory.

o Bring US policies and practices in line with

the USA’s international human rights obligations.

Ensuring that any use of lethal force outside of specific recognized zones of armed conflict complies fully with the USA’s obligations under international human rights law, including by limiting the use of force in accordance with law enforcement standards.

Ensuring that any use of lethal force within specific recognized zones of armed conflict complies fully with the USA’s obligations under international human rights and humanitarian law, including by recognizing and respecting the rule that if there is doubt as to whether a person is a civilian, the person is to be considered a civilian.

Ensuring independent and impartial investigations in all cases of alleged extrajudicial executions or other unlawful killings, respect for the rights of family members of those killed, and effective redress and remedy where killings are found to have been unlawful.

For full reports and citations please go to www.amnestyusa.org/security

“IT WAS NOT TORTURE or cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment of detainees that got us the major leads that ultimately enabled our intelligence community to find Osama bin Laden.”

Senator John McCain (R-AZ)1

“CIA did NOT first learn about the existence of the UBL courier from detainees subjected to coercive interrogation techniques. Nor did the agency discover the courier’s identity FROM DETAINEES SUBJECTED TO COERCIVE TECHNIQUES. “

Senator Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) Chairman, Senate Intelligence Committee and

Senator Carl Levin (D-MI) Chairman, Senate Armed Services Committee2

Fact Sheet: Torture and Osama bin Laden

1http://www.mccain.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=PressOffice.FloorStatements&ContentRecord_id=e496acf5-a37f-1136-f1be-f15d5e3d93e92http://www.feinstein.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/files/serve?File_id=026a329b-d4c0-4ab3-9f7e-fad5671917cc3http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum‐line/post/exclusive‐private‐letter‐from‐cia‐chief‐undercuts‐claim‐torture‐was‐key‐to‐killing‐bin‐laden/2011/03/03/AFLFF04G_blog.html#pagebreak 4http://www.weku.fm/post/did‐harsh‐interrogation‐tactics‐lead‐bin‐laden 5http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/13/zero-dark-thirty-torture_n_2288471.html?utm_hp_ref=email_share

“I’m willing to concede the point that NO ONE GAVE US valuable or ACTIONABLE INTELLIGENCE while they were, for example, being WATERBOARDED.”

Former CIA Director (under former President George W. Bush) Michael Hayden4

“The issue isn’t does torture work or not. The issue is, is torture right, or is torture wrong? And the answer to that is TORTURE IS WRONG.”

Senator Jim Risch (Republican – ID) 5

“No detainee in CIA custody revealed the facilitator/courier’s full true name or specific whereabouts. This INFORMATION WAS DISCOVERED THROUGH OTHER INTELLIGENCE MEANS.”

Secretary of Defense, Leon Panetta (former CIA Director)3

U.S. GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS WITH ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION HAVE SAID ON THE RECORD THAT TORTURE DID NOT HELP FIND OSAMA BIN LADEN.

FOR MORE INFORMATION amnestyusa.org/security facebook.com/swhrcampaignTWITTER @Amnesty

TORTURE IS UNEQUIVOCALLY PROHIBITED under the U.S. Constitution and under international law, including under the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights, the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Geneva Conventions, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and a number of regional instruments. No derogation or exceptional circumstances can be invoked as justification for torture. International law also requires a full investigation of credible allegations of torture.

TAKE ACTION: Declassification and public release, with as few redactions as possible, of the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture would be an important step toward countering pro-torture claims and toward the U.S. meeting its international human rights obligations against torture, including ensuring that no person is ever again subjected to torture or ill-treatment by or on behalf of the U.S. government.

• Call Senator Feinstein and urge public release of the Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture: 1.202.224.3841.

MORE IMPORTANTLY, TORTURE IS IMMORAL, UNLAWFUL--AND CAN NEVER, EVER BE JUSTIFIED.

QUOTES FROM MILITARY PERSONNEL AGAINST GUANTANAMO & TORTURE

"If it were up to me I would close Guantánamo not tomorrow but this afternoon...Essentially, we have shaken the belief that the world had in America's justice system...and it's causing us far more damage than any good we get from it." -Colin Powell, former U.S. Secretary of State and former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Source: Reuters "I'd like to see it shut down...I believe that from the standpoint of how it reflects on us that it's been pretty damaging." -Admiral Michael Mullen, former Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Source: Miami Herald "I consider the insistence on pressing ahead with cases that would be marginal even if properly prepared to be a severe threat to the reputation of the military justice system and even a fraud on the American people...After all, writing a motion saying that the process will be full and fair when you don't really believe it is kind of hard, particularly when you want to call yourself an officer and lawyer." -Major Robert Preston, former military commission prosecutor at Guantanamo. Source: ABC "Torture and abuse cost American lives...I learned in Iraq that the No. 1 reason foreign fighters flocked there to fight were the abuses carried out at Abu Ghraib and Guantánamo . Our policy of torture was directly and swiftly recruiting fighters for al-Qaeda in Iraq...How anyone can say that torture keeps Americans safe is beyond me -- unless you don't count American soldiers as Americans." -Matthew Alexander, former Senior US military interrogator in Iraq. Source: Washington Post “Physical coercion—torture—has nothing to do with a useful interrogation. Torture is simple, crude, obtuse, and immoral, and does not work. It is patently stupid, an offense to any understanding of how a mind works, independent of its illegality and barbarity, independent of how it corrodes the principles the CIA is sworn to protect and U.S. society defines itself as embodying.” -Glenn L. Carle, member of the CIA’s Clandestine. Source: Carle’s book, The Interrogator: An Education "My approach was what we call a relationship-based approach, far more than just rapport-building. I've never felt any necessity or operational requirement to bring physical, psychological or emotional pressure on a source to win their cooperation. I feel unconstrained in my ability to work in the paradigm that I've taught for so many years." -Colonel Steven Kleinman, former military interrogator. Source: Senate transcript "Cruelty disfigures our national character. It is incompatible with our constitutional order, with our laws, and with our most prized values ...there is no more fundamental right than to be safe from cruel and inhumane treatment. Where cruelty exists, law does not." -Alberto Mora, former general counsel of the United States Navy. Source: JFK Library, Profile in courage award acceptance speech

Q & A: Guantanamo, Drones, Torture & Unending “Global War” Isn't Guantanamo necessary given the security risks those detained there still pose? No. Amnesty International believes the ordinary criminal justice and law enforcement systems in the United States of America are equipped to address any security risks posed by those held at Guantánamo. There are some 150 detainees still held at Guantánamo, the majority held in indefinite detention without charge or criminal trial. As it has since the detentions began, following the attacks of 11 September 2001, the USA claims that it can hold them in this way in what it defines as a “global war” against al-Qa’ida and associated groups. The USA’s “global war” legal framework has been widely rejected and continues dangerously to undermine respect for international human rights. Far from being necessary, the detention facilities at Guantánamo should be promptly closed as President Obama committed to do on taking office. Isn’t torture justified if it will help prevent attacks and save lives? No, torture is immoral, unlawful and never justified. Torture is unequivocally prohibited under the U.S. Constitution and under international law, including under the International Covenant on Civil and Political rights, the Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Geneva Conventions, the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, and a number of regional instruments. No derogation or exceptional circumstances can be invoked as justification for torture. International law also requires a full investigation of credible allegations of torture. What’s wrong with using drones to kill people who want to kill others? While some of the killings in question, if conducted in the context of specific armed conflicts, for instance in Afghanistan or at some times in some parts of Pakistan, Yemen or Somalia, may not violate international human rights or international humanitarian law, US policy appears also to permit extrajudicial executions in violation of international human rights law, virtually anywhere in the world. Among the particular concerns of Amnesty International are:

the administration's continued reliance on a "global war" legal theory that treats the entire world as a battlefield between the USA and armed groups, on which lethal force may apparently be used without regard to human rights standards;

the administration’s invocation of the right to use force in self-defence to justify the deliberate killing of virtually anyone suspected of involvement of any kind in relation to a range of armed groups and/or terrorism against the USA, particularly through the adoption of a radical re-interpretation of the concept of "imminence";

reports that a "guilty until proven innocent" approach is taken to military-age males who are killed by a strike, even if there is no specific evidence that they were directly participating in hostilities in a specific armed conflict;

the fact that key factual and legal details of the killing programme remain shrouded in secrecy. These aspects of US policy and practice are not only of concern in their own right: they also weaken the credibility of the USA as an advocate for respect for human rights by other states; they set dangerous precedents that other states may exploit to avoid responsibility for their own unlawful killings; and if unchecked there is a real risk that the US “global war” doctrine will further corrode the foundations of the international framework for protection of human rights. There has also been widespread speculation that current US policies and practices with respect to such killings may inadvertently be building support for the very armed groups and terror attacks that US officials say provide its justification.

Won’t closing Guantánamo transfer the human rights violations elsewhere? It shouldn’t. Guantánamo is indeed a powerful symbol of a failure to respect human rights, but closing Guantánamo will not in itself be sufficient to guarantee respect for human rights. If the USA continues to detain all such individuals indefinitely without charge or trial outside of Guantánamo (or sends them for trial before military commissions in some location other than Guantánamo) – either on the US mainland or elsewhere – then yes, it would simply have transferred arbitrary detentions and unfair trials under international human rights law to a new location. The same would be true if the USA were to transfer any detainee to a country where he would be at risk of human rights violations. Guantánamo detainees that are charged with proper criminal offences should be prosecuted in fair trials in the ordinary courts without possibility of the death penalty; those who the US does not intend to charge should be released to an appropriate location where they will not face further human rights violations. US authorities must not only close Guantánamo but they must investigate all human rights violations committed by US personnel in the context of what the previous administration called the “war on terror”, bring to justice anyone responsible for such violations, and provide reparation for the victims and their families. There has been little or no accountability for the human rights violations that have been committed against detainees at Guantánamo and before or during their transfer to the base. Detainees currently at the base include a number who were subjected to the crimes under international law of torture and enforced disappearance while in US custody. The US administration has systematically blocked access to redress for detainees held at Guantánamo and elsewhere. These steps are key to ensure that closing Guantánamo does not simply transfer the violations elsewhere. Amnesty International must welcome the fact detainees can now challenge the lawfulness of their detention? While the detainees held at Guantánamo have been able since June 2008 to challenge the lawfulness of their detention in US court (“habeas corpus” hearings), the Supreme Court ruling not only came after the detainees had already been held for years, but also left it up to the lower courts to address the scope and rules for the habeas corpus proceedings. The “prompt” hearing on the merits of detainee challenges have taken years to happen and some still have yet to have merits hearings. Because the US courts have largely accepted the “global war” paradigm proposed by the Bush and Obama administrations as a basis for validating indefinite detention on the basis of sweeping and vague definitions not provided for by law, and allow the use of weak or secretive evidence in ways that give the government an unfair advantage, the habeas corpus hearings themselves fall short of international human rights standards. Indeed, even when the court finds a person’s detention to be unlawful, the detainee essentially remains at the mercy of the government because the USA refuses to allow detainees to be released in its own territory (and courts have declined to order the authorities to do so) and so release depends on the willingness of third countries acceptable to the USA to receive detainees. Aren’t you being naïve? Governments are trying to fight a real terrorist threat and measures need to be taken. Countering terrorism does not require the abandonment of the rule of law and respect for human rights principles. To the contrary, as states themselves have repeatedly reaffirmed, in the UN Security Council and General Assembly and elsewhere, it is crucial that all measures taken to counter terrorism fully respect human rights and the rule of law. Amnesty International of course recognizes that in many countries the public faces the threat of armed groups that deliberately target the general population for attack, and that governments should take measures to protect against such threats. But any such measures that violate human rights in the name of countering terrorism must be rejected outright. The idea that the debate is about human rights vs. security should be seen as obsolete. It is about human rights and security. More than 600 detainees have been released from Guantánamo, don’t you think the ones who are still there are the guilty ones? Questions of guilt or innocence are matters to be determined in fair trials in a court of law, something that has been denied to the detainees for years. Either way, states have an obligation to respect and protect human rights of all individuals, regardless of guilt or innocence. If the USA has sufficient admissible evidence against any detainee that he has committed criminal acts, he should be promptly charged and brought to fair trial in a US court. It should also be noted that there are among the detainees who remain at Guantánamo a number whom the USA itself has cleared for release, but who cannot be returned to their country of origin only because they

would face a risk of torture or other human rights violations, or (as in the case of the Yemeni detainees) for reasons of US policy unrelated to the individuals themselves. If the US government suspects individuals of being involved in terrorist activity isn’t it fair they remain detained for everyone’s safety? If there is admissible evidence that detainees have been involved in activities that can properly be regarded as criminal in nature, then the US or other governments can promptly charge them with recognizable criminal offences and bring them to trial following which, if convicted, continued imprisonment can of course constitute a valid sentence. Indeed, Amnesty International actively calls for any individual in respect of whom there is sufficient proper evidence that he planned or knowingly assisted in carrying out attacks deliberately targeting civilians, acts that are fundamentally incompatible with respect for the right to life, to be brought to justice in fair trials without possibility of the death penalty. What is on the other hand fundamentally unacceptable and gravely dangerous to respect for human rights is the proposition that governments should be able to deprive people of their liberty indefinitely on the basis of nothing more than accusations that will never be tested in a fair criminal trial. Yet that danger to broader respect for the right to liberty is precisely what Guantánamo, and the policies and practices it symbolises, embody. Former Guantánamo detainees have been accused of engaging in terrorism after being released, isn’t this reason enough not to release those still being held? Amnesty International does not unconditionally call for the release of detainees currently held at Guantánamo; the organization fully recognizes that the USA can promptly charge those against whom there is sufficient admissible evidence with recognizable criminal offences. Any such individuals should without undue delay be brought to fair trial following which, if convicted, continued imprisonment can of course constitute a valid sentence. Amnesty International does not have its own comprehensive research on the activities of people who are released from Guantánamo, and we therefore neither endorse nor contest the facts as reported by others. However, the unpredictable risk that some individuals might engage in particular activities, criminal or otherwise, after being released would not be a reason in any ordinary criminal justice setting to justify continuing to deprive them of their liberty in the absence of a criminal trial. It is no more valid a reason at Guantánamo to deny all detainees their basic rights and keep them detained for years on end without charge or trial. The US government should urgently charge and bring to fair trial, or else release, all the men currently held at Guantánamo. The US administration has established new rules for military commissions to ensure trials are fair, what are you exactly complaining about? How would you recommend the trials should be? From day one of the detentions, the USA had a fully functioning criminal justice system with federal courts experienced in dealing with complex terrorism cases. The Obama administration has said as much, and originally intended to try five detainees accused of leading involvement in the 9/11 attacks in the ordinary federal courts in the USA. The reason it backtracked on this decision, and is now turning to military commission trials for these cases, is for political, not legal, reasons. The cases could still be tried in the US courts, applying tried and tested standards. The military commissions, applying lower standards, are not legally necessary, and fail to comply with international standards, including because they discriminate in the fairness of proceedings based only on the nationality of the accused. Particularly when the ordinary courts stand ready to conduct the trials, trying these detainees by military tribunals rather than independent civilian courts is inherently incompatible with the right to a fair trial as guaranteed by international law. Amnesty International further considers that the USA should drop any pursuit of the death penalty, regardless of the trial forum chosen. Doesn’t Amnesty International think the USA has a responsibility to bring to justice those responsible for terrorist attacks? Don’t the victims of terrorist attacks deserve justice? Absolutely. The USA has a responsibility to bring those responsible for attacks such as those perpetrated on 11 September 2001 to justice and provide effective remedy to the victims. Amnesty International considers the situation in Guantánamo to have been inconsistent with the USA’s human rights obligations to the victims, as well as the accused: victims of terrorism and other abuses of human rights by armed groups have the right, like all victims of human rights abuses, to justice, reparation, and the truth. Amnesty International therefore also condemns the failure of the USA to provide the victims the opportunity to see those among the detainees at Guantánamo Bay who are specifically accused of responsibility for the 9/11 attacks or any other such crimes under international law brought to justice in fair trials.

Didn’t President Obama abandon the “war on terror” label? What’s the AUMF and the NDAA? President Obama stopped using the phrase “war on terror” but has adopted the “global war” framework. The Bush administration responded to the attacks of 11 September 2001 by invoking the vision of a global “war” against al-Qa’ida and other groups in which international human rights law would not apply. The Obama administration has broadly adopted this framework, which is indeed now largely accepted within all three branches of the US government. Since the Bush administration “declared” the “war on terror”, the USA has backdated this “war” to having begun prior to 9/11.The USA has asserted the exclusive right unilaterally to define the “war” and to make up its rules. On 14 September 2001, Congress passed a joint resolution, Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF), by 518 votes to 1. There seemed to be considerable confusion among legislators as to what they were voting for, including whether it amounted to a declaration of war or not. Some referred to bringing those responsible for the attacks to “justice”, but with little or no elaboration – and the AUMF itself makes no reference to detention or trials, or indeed to human rights. Some felt the resolution did not go far enough, others felt it went too far; some opined that the President had all the power he needed without a resolution; others stressed the limiting effect of the resolution. Nevertheless, legislator after legislator voted in favour of it. The resolution stated that it authorized the president to decide who was connected to the 9/11 attacks, who might be implicated in future attacks, and what level of force could be used against them. At the same time, he was unconfined by any geographical limits. President Bush signed the resolution into law four days later, and his administration would subsequently exploit it to justify a range of human rights violations. Even with the evidence before it of how its resolution had been used to violate human rights on a systematic and widespread basis, Congress continued to buy into the global war paradigm. Indeed, Congress and President Obama re-affirmed the AUMF and the use of indefinite military detention under it in the National Defense Authorization Act for 2012. The bill adopted by the Senate Armed Services Committee on 12 December 2011 stated: “Congress affirms that the authority of the President to use all necessary and appropriate force pursuant to the Authorization for Use of Military Force includes the authority for the Armed Forces of the United States to detain covered persons pending disposition under the law of war”. The “covered persons” are broadly defined and the legislation countenances their “detention under the law of war without trial under the end of hostilities authorized by the Authorization for Use of Military Force.” In seeking to distance itself from its predecessor, the Obama administration has asserted that it does not seek to rely on the President’s constitutional authority as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces to justify the detentions at Guantánamo. Instead, it has said that it is basing its detention authority on the AUMF. In fact, the Bush administration had also latterly sought to justify the detentions by reference to the AUMF. In any event, a Justice Department memorandum issued two weeks after the 9/11 attacks held that the AUMF cannot place “any limits on the President’s determinations as to any terrorist threat, the amount of military force to be used in response, or the method, timing, and nature of the response. These decisions, under our Constitution, are for the President alone to make.” This memo has not been withdrawn by the Obama administration. (“The President’s constitutional authority to conduct military operations against terrorists and nations supporting them.” Memorandum opinion for Timothy Flanigan, the Deputy Counsel to the President, from John C. Yoo, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, US Department of Justice, 25 September 2001, http://www.justice.gov/olc/warpowers925.htm) The USA’s global war paradigm is an unacceptably unilateral and wholesale departure from the very concept of the international rule of law generally, and the limited scope of application of the law of armed conflict in particular, as it has existed to date. The negative consequences for human rights of the USA’s double-barrelled assault (‘Human Rights do not apply in War’; ‘Everywhere is War’) are immense. The message sent is that a government can ignore or jettison its human rights obligations and replace them with rules of its own whenever it deems the circumstances warrant it. This is entirely inconsistent with the USA’s stated promise “to strengthen our own system of human rights protections and encourage others to strengthen their commitments to human rights.”

SHAKER AAMER has been held without charge by the U.S. government at the Guantanamo detention facility for over 10 years, as of December, 2012. He has been cleared for transfer and the British government has called for him to be released to his wife and children in London. Like all Guantanamo detainees, he must either be charged and fairly tried, or be released. Over 150 people remain detained at Guantanamo, most without charge. All people have the right to be free from arbitrary detention and the right to a fair trial. CASE DETAILS Shaker Aamer was arrested by Afghan forces on 24 November 2001 in Jalalabad, Afghanistan and subsequently transferred to US custody. Aamer is originally from Saudi Arabia, and his wife and four children are all British nationals and currently live in South London in the United Kingdom (UK). He had permission to live indefinitely in the UK, on the basis of his marriage to a British national, when he was originally detained by Afghan forces in late 2001. According to his own account he had been working for a Saudi charity when initially arrested in Jalalabad. No compelling evidence refuting this contention has been presented by the US authorities. On 14 February 2002 he was transferred from US custody in Afghanistan to the US naval base at Guantánamo Bay in Cuba and has been held there ever since. He is the last former resident of the UK held at Guantánamo and has never been charged, tried or convicted of any recognized criminal offence by the US authorities. Via his lawyers, Shaker Aamer has alleged that he was subjected to severe beatings and other ill-treatment while being held in secret detention and interrogated at Bagram Theater Internment Facility, Afghanistan in early 2002. Since his transfer to Guantánamo Bay, Shaker Aamer has repeatedly alleged that he has been tortured there. According to his lawyers, throughout much of his detention he has been held in solitary confinement. Shaker Aamer speaks fluent English and his lawyers understand that he has been involved in protesting against conditions at the camp, including participating in hunger strikes and speaking out on behalf of other detainees. They have stated their belief that he has been subjected to prolonged isolation and frequent ill-treatment as punishment for his defiance against his indefinite detention and ill-treatment. Shaker Aamer’s lawyers have confirmed that his mental health continues to deteriorate. Lack of adequate medical treatment for the multiple illnesses from which he is now reported to suffer means that increasingly his long-term health and well-being is at risk. His legal team are attempting to secure an independent medical assessment for him but claim that US authorities continue to refuse access The UK Government has agreed to accept him if he is returned to the UK and has on numerous occasions since 2007 called for the USA to release him. On 1 March 2012, British Foreign Secretary William Hague met with Shaker Aamer’s local UK Member of Parliament and legal representatives. AI UK has received confirmation in writing and in person on several occasions that Foreign Secretary Hague has personally raised Shaker Aamer’s case with US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, calling for him to be returned to his family in the UK.

On 21 September 2012 the U.S. Department of Justice made public a list filed in a series of federal court cases, containing Shaker Aamer and the names of 54 other detainees cleared for transfer in 2009 by the Guantánamo Review Task Force, which consisted of officials from key government departments and the intelligence agencies. Despite the seeming willingness of UK authorities to permit his return to the UK and rejoin his family, and the absence to date of any charges, Shaker Aamer remains detained without charge or criminal trial at Guantánamo. BACKGROUND INFORMATION On 22 January 2009 President Obama signed an executive order committing the US administration to resolving the cases of the detainees held at Guantánamo “as promptly as possible”, and to closing the detention facility “no later than one year from the date of this order”. However 166 men are currently detained at Guantánamo (correct as of December 2012). A few have been convicted by military commission, and some are facing charges under that system. The majority have been held without charge or trial for more than nine years. The Guantánamo Review Task Force established under President Obama’s executive order recommended in January 2010 that:

36 detainees be prosecuted by the USA, either in federal court or in military commissions;

48 others should continue to be held without charge or trial;

The remainder be transferred out of Guantánamo, to countries other than the USA, either immediately or eventually. Some of those who could not be returned to their home countries have been offered a new home in third countries in Europe and elsewhere.

The US administration continues to pursue trials by military commission in proceedings that do not meet international fair trial standards. In some of these cases, the US administration is seeking the death penalty. To date, only one Guantánamo detainee has been transferred to the US mainland for trial in a civilian court. Amnesty International considers that the detainees held at Guantánamo should be released if they are not charged with recognizably criminal offences and brought to trial in proceedings that comply with international fair trial standards. TAKE ACTION Write, e-mail & call President Obama, the US Secretary of Defense and the US Secretary of State:

Calling for Shaker Aamer, and all those held in Guantánamo, to be released immediately unless without further delay they are to be charged with a recognizably criminal offence and tried in a US federal court in proceedings that comply with international standards and without resort to the death penalty.

Urge the US authorities to immediately investigate all allegations that Shaker Aamer has been subjected to torture and other ill-treatment in US custody in Afghanistan and at Guantánamo and any similar allegations by other detainees, either currently or previously held at Guantánamo, and ensuring that anyone found responsible is brought to justice.

For a sample letter and more information, please go to the online petition at www.amnestyusa.org/aamer President Barack Obama The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW Washington, DC 20500 Comment line: 202-456-1111 Fax: 202-456-2461 Online form: whitehouse.gov/contact/ Salutation: Dear Mr. President

Secretary of Defense 1400 Defense Pentagon Washington, DC 20301 Comment line: 703-571-3343 Fax: 703-571-8951 Online form: www.defense.gov Salutation: Dear Secretary of Defense

Secretary of State U.S. Department of State 2201 C Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20520 Comment line: 202-647-6575 Fax: 202-647-1579 Online comment form: www.state.gov Salutation: Dear Secretary of State

MAHER ARAR was arrested at a New York airport in 2002. After 12 days held incommunicado by US authorities, he was rendered, via Jordan, to Syria, where he was held for a year and tortured. He and all other people subjected to torture or other ill-treatment by or on behalf of the U.S. government have the right to remedy. Countless people have been subjected to human rights violations by the USA as a result of the counter-terrorism policies and practices adopted since September 11, 2001. Far from ensuring remedy, the current US administration, like its predecessor, is actively blocking remedy for these abuses. CASE DETAILS Maher Arar, a dual Canadian/Syrian citizen, was arrested at a New York airport on 26 September 2002. He was travelling on a Canadian passport en route home to Canada from visiting his wife’s family in Tunisia. After 12 days held incommunicado by US authorities, he was sent, via Jordan, to Syria, where he was held for a year, including 10 months in a small, dark underground cell during which time he was subjected to torture, including by being whipped on his back and hands with a two inch thick electric cable. He told Amnesty International that in the small cell which he referred to as the ‘grave’, a small grate in the ceiling opened up into a hallway above. Through it cats and rats urinated on him. There was no furniture in the cell, only two blankets on the floor. He had no exposure to natural light for the first six months. Maher Arar was eventually released without charge and sent home to Canada. An investigation conducted by Canadian authorities found that he had indeed been tortured, and that his initial arrest by US authorities was based in part on false information. The Canadian authorities formally apologized to Maher Arar and provided him with compensation for Canada’s role in his imprisonment and torture. In the inquiry conducted by Canadian authorities, a number of recommendations emerged calling for legal, policy and institutional reforms to help prevent similar cases in the future. Many of those recommendations remain unimplemented, over four years after the enquiry issued its report. Canadian officials have also requested that the US government remove Maher Arar’s name from the US watch list. That request has been refused. It remains impossible from him to travel to the USA or over US airspace, and he feels constant uncertainty about which other countries may have adopted the USA watch list. Maher Arar feels that having his name removed from the list would be an important part of restoring his reputation. In recent years, Maher Arar has become a respected, high-profile human rights activist in Canada. He appears and writes often in the national media and speaks regularly to audiences across the country. He publishes an on-0line magazine, Prism, which highlights the importance of ensuring national security laws and practices be grounded in human rights. He has dedicated himself to ensuring that other individuals do not experience what happened to him at the hands of the US, Canadian, Jordanian and Syrian authorities. In contrast with Canadian authorities, US authorities have failed to apologize to Maher Arar or to offer him any form of remedy. Maher Arar filed a lawsuit against US authorities which claimed that US officials conspired to send him to Syria so that he could be interrogated under torture, and that they provided Syria with information and questions for the interrogation. This lawsuit was dismissed, without ever having been considered on its merits, by

the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in November 2009. On 14 June 2010, the US Supreme Court announced that it was refusing to consider his appeal against this ruling. The US Department of Justice had urged the Supreme Court not to hear the Maher Arar’s case because the lawsuit implicated “significant national security concerns”. A majority of the Court of Appeals found that “it is for the executive in the first instance to decide how to implement extraordinary rendition, and for the elected members of Congress – and not for us judges – to decide whether an individual may seek compensation from government officers and employees directly, or from the government, for a constitutional violation.” Responding to the Supreme Court’s decision not to take his case, Maher Arar told Amnesty International of his view that ‘”this supreme court decision, along with lower courts’ rulings, essentially gives the green light to the US administration to engage in torture without any fear of ever being prosecuted.” A small number of members of Congress took the initiative individually to apologize to Maher Arar via a video link to him in Canada at a committee hearing in the US House of Representatives in 2007, but the US President and full Congress have failed to apologize or to offer Maher Arar any form of remedy. Especially given that access to a judicial remedy for Maher Arar has now been blocked by President Obama’s administration, the non-judicial branches of the federal government have no excuse not to take measures to meet the USA’s obligation under international law to ensure that he has access to remedy, including compensation. BACKGROUND INFORMATION Countless people have been subjected to human rights violations by the USA as a result of the counter-terrorism policies and practices adopted since September 11, 2001. Far from ensuring remedy, the current US administration, like its predecessor, is actively blocking remedy for these abuses. Yet, the right of victims of human rights violations to effective access to remedy is a fundamental principle of international human rights law. The US government is obligated by international law, including the UN Convention Against Torture, to ensure full accountability for the many human rights violations committed in the name of countering terrorism, including the crimes under international law of torture and enforced disappearance, for which US personnel have been responsible. Full accountability includes investigation, prosecution and remedy for all victims. The UN Human Rights Committee has affirmed that the right to an effective remedy can never be derogated from, even during times of national emergency. Remedy means, among other things, that victims are entitled to equal and effective access to justice, effective and prompt reparation for harm suffered, and access to relevant information concerning violations and reparation mechanisms. Full and effective reparation includes restitution, compensation, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition. TAKE ACTION Write, e-mail & call President Obama and the US Attorney General:

Calling for an apology and remedy for Maher Arar, and all other people tortured by or on behalf of the US government as a result of the counter-terrorism policies and practices adopted since September 11, 2001.

Urging full accountability for the many human rights violations committed in the name of countering terrorism, including the crimes under international law of torture and enforced disappearance, for which US personnel have been responsible. Full accountability includes investigation, prosecution and remedy.

For a sample letter and more information, please go to the online petition at www.amnestyusa.org/arar President Barack Obama The White House 1600 Pennsylvania Ave NW Washington, DC 20500 Comment line: 202-456-1111 Fax: 202-456-2461 Online form: whitehouse.gov/contact/ Salutation: Dear Mr. President

Attorney General US Department of Justice 950 Pennsylvania Ave, NW Washington DC 20530-0001 Comment line: 1 202 353 1555 Fax:202-514-4507 Email: AskDOJ@usdoj.gov Salutation: Dear Attorney General

15) __________________________________________________________________________________________ Please return to the Security with Human Rights Campaign:

Petition to President Obama, US Attorney General, US Secretary of Defense & the US Secretary of State: I call on you to ensure that the US government refrains from the unlawful use of lethal force; disclose further legal and factual details about US policy and practices for so-called ‘targeted killings,' 'signature strikes,' & “Terrorist Attack Disruption Strikes”; end claims that the USA is authorized by international law to use lethal force anywhere in the world under the theory that it is involved in a 'global war' against al-Qa'ida and other armed groups and individuals; recognize the application of international human rights law to all US counterterrorism operations including those outside US territory; and bring US policies and practices in line with the USA’s international human rights obligations. NAME (Please print legibly) E-MAIL CITY, STATE, ZIP CODE 1) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 7) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 8) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 9) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 10) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 11) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 12) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 13) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 14) __________________________________________________________________________________________

15) __________________________________________________________________________________________ Please return to the Security with Human Rights Campaign:

Petition to President Obama, US Attorney General, US Secretary of Defense & US Secretary of State: As of December, 2012, Shaker Aamer has been held without charge by the U.S. government at Guantánamo for over 10 years. He has been cleared for transfer and the British government has called for him to be released to his wife and children in London. I call for Shaker Aamer, and all those held in Guantánamo, to be released immediately unless without further delay they are to be charged with a recognizably criminal offence and tried in a US federal court in proceedings that comply with international standards and without resort to the death penalty. All people have human rights.

NAME (Please print legibly) E-MAIL CITY, STATE, ZIP CODE

1) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 7) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 8) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 9) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 10) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 11) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 12) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 13) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 14) __________________________________________________________________________________________

15) __________________________________________________________________________________________ Please return to the Security with Human Rights Campaign:

Petition to President Obama and the US Attorney General: Maher Arar was arrested at a New York airport in 2002. After 12 days held incommunicado by US authorities, he was rendered, via Jordan, to Syria, where he was held for a year and tortured. I call on you to apologize to Maher Arar, and all other people subjected to torture or other ill-treatment by or on behalf of the U.S. government, and to fulfill their right to remedy. Countless people have been subjected to human rights violations by the USA as a result of the counter-terrorism policies and practices adopted since September 11, 2001. The right of victims of human rights violations to effective access to remedy is a fundamental principle of international human rights law.

NAME (Please print legibly) E-MAIL CITY, STATE, ZIP CODE

1) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 7) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 8) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 9) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 10) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 11) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 12) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 13) __________________________________________________________________________________________ 14) __________________________________________________________________________________________

JOIN AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL: WWW.AMNESTYUSA.ORG/JOIN

A COALITION OF GROUPS CALLS FOR AN END TO HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AT GUANTANAMO. JANUARY 11, 2011. © ZEKE JOHNSON.

WE ARE CAMPAIGNING FOR TORTURE SURVIVOR MAHER ARAR TO RECEIVE AN APOLOGY FROM THE U.S. GOVERNMENT. © BUD SCHULTZ.

Terror. Torture. These words rightly make us shudder. Around the world, from Iraq to Sri Lanka to the USA, the cycle of violence between states and armed groups is a global human rights crisis. Countless people have been killed, tortured or held outside the law. Maher Arar, a Canadian citizen and father, was travelling home from a family trip when he was detained at New York City’s JFK airport and secretly sent to Syria, where he was held for a year and tortured. Canada apologized and compensated Arar, but the USA has failed to apologize or offer him any form of remedy. When states respond to the threat of terrorism by abusing human rights, they are not solving the problem but fuelling it. We are all affected. Our rights and safety are imperiled when the rights of anyone are violated. There is a solution: security with human rights. Under international law, acts of ter-ror and torture by states and armed groups must end, those responsible must be held accountable, and the rights of victims must be upheld. Human rights mean security and justice for all of us. We’re not the only ones saying it. Military personnel, September 11th family members and people of many religious faiths and political beliefs are coming together to say enough is enough and demand that states and armed groups respect human rights. It’s up to us, the people, to demand it. Join us.

CAMPAIGN GOALS1. UPHOLD THE RIGHTS OF VICTIMS OF ARMED GROUPS. The deliberate targeting of civilians for attack can never be justi-fied. We support victims of armed groups by working for their rights to truth, justice and reparation.ACTION: Thank Congress for passing the James Zadroga 9/11 Health and Compensation Act of 2010 and ask them to ensure the Act is fully funded: www.amnestyusa.org/911act.

2. ENSURE ACCOUNTABILITY FOR TORTURE. States and individuals responsible for torture and other human rights violations must be held accountable to the law, so that victims and the public have justice.ACTION: Urge President Obama and Congress to apologize to torture survivor Maher Arar and fulfill his right to remedy: www.amnestyusa.org/apologize.

3. END UNLAWFUL AND ABUSIVE DETENTIONAll people are equal before the law. Every person has the right to either be charged and fairly tried, or be released—and not tortured or abused.ACTION: Call for Guantanamo detainee Shaker Aamer, held without charge for over 8 years despite the UK’s request for his return, to be charged or released: www.amnestyusa.org/aamer.

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Amnesty International USA’s Security With Human Rights Campaign works to ensure security for all of us by breaking the cycle of terror and torture between armed groups and states.

SECURITY WITH HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGNTAKE ACTION TO END TORTURE AND TERROR