Attacking Hunger in the U.S

Spotlight on World Nutrition: The Faces of Global Malnutrition Tiara White , Gabrielle Tyler , Danielle Wilder and Shayla Vinson.

Vitamin A DeficiencyThe leading cause of preventable blindness in children

Increases the risk of disease and death from severe infections

Causes night blindness and may increase the risk of maternal mortality in pregnant women

Iron-Deficiency AnemiaThe most common nutritional disorder in the world Causes profound fatigue and in severe cases death

3 pronged approach to restore personal health:

Increase iron intakeControl infectionImprove nutritional status

Overweight/ObesityA growing health problem worldwide

1 billion adults are overweight

One of the major contributors of chronic disease and disability

Economic growth, modernization, urbanization, and globalization of food markets are some forces the underlie this epidemic

Attacking Hunger in the U.SEfforts to fight hunger began during The Great DepressionFederal efforts include at least 14 programs that address hungerNonprofit community affiliates create a large network of food suppliesFood assistance programs have reduced the prevalence of hunger but not of food

FYI: Hungry & Homeless 2009-2012 amongst people requesting food assistance were families, homeless, unemployed.Who are the homeless asking for assistance?

Causes of hungerLow paying jobsUnemployment Poverty Approximately 4.8 million households obtain food from pantries(8.8 million adults, 4.5 million children)

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)October 1, 2008 the Food Stamp program was renamed SNAPMain food security program in the U.S Benefit amount varies depending on household size and incomeReceive EBT Card (Electronic Benefits Transfer)

Women, Infants & Children Program (WIC)Provides food to pregnant and breastfeeding women, infants and preschoolersMore than 9 million women and children receive WIC monthlyUnlike SNAP benefits amount varies with nutritional needEligibility- Must be at nutritional risk - Household income less than federal poverty level

National School Lunch ProgramEnsures children receive at least one meal every school daySchool lunches must comply with Dietary Guidelines for AmericansProgram operates in more than 100,000 public nonprofit schools, residential childcare institutionsProgram Requirements- Family of four, meals are free if household income is less than $30,615- Allotment reduced if income exceeds $30,615 but less than $43,568

Child & Adult Care Food ProgramProvides funds for childrens meals and snacksFunds are given to many places like:- Nonprofit licensed childcare centers- Daycare homes- Afterschool programs and similar settingsMeals funded for older adults or disabled people at nonprofit facilities

Feeding AmericaFormerly known as Americas Second Harvest

Largest charitable hunger relief organization in U.S

Donates 3 billion pounds of food to more than 37 million people

Malnutrition in the Developing WorldAccording to WHO (World Health Organization):

Hunger is a global problem

The number and the proportion of undernourished people have declined but remain high

Makes it difficult to achieve international hunger targets.

The World Food EquationSoaring food prices are hitting the worlds most vulnerable

Today the world consumes more than it produces

Food stocks are at low and the food supply is vulnerable to unpredictable

The Fight Against Global HungerInternational relief agencies and government programs help fight food shortages and hunger.

The USDA, U.S. State Department, and the CDC are some of the U.S. agencies involved in the fight against global hunger.

Long-term solutions to hunger are complexThey require economic, political, and social change.

Source: http://www.english-online.at/economy/world-hunger/hunger-global-food-crisis.htmSource: Insel, P., Heier, J., Ross, D., Bernstein, M., & McMohon, K. (n.d.). Discovering Nutrition. 5th edition.

Social and Economic Factors Poverty is the most important underlying reason for chronic hunger. Population Growth- in many regions is outstripping gains in food production. As rural lands become too crowded or exhausted farmland no longer supports good crops.

Source: http://www.newhealthadvisor.com/Symptoms-of-Malnutrition.htmlSource: Insel, P., Heier, J., Ross, D., Bernstein, M., & McMohon, K. (n.d.). Discovering Nutrition. 5th edition.

Infection and Disease Nutrient deficiencies lower resistance to infections. The fever of infection speeds depletion of calories and nutrients. HIV is a demonstration of the interaction of malnutrition and infection. Globally, AIDS is the 4th leading cause of death.

Source: www.avert.orgSource: Insel, P., Heier, J., Ross, D., Bernstein, M., & McMohon, K. (n.d.). Discovering Nutrition. 5th edition.

Political Disruptions War- diverts limited financial resources to give money to fighting and destruction.

Refugees- masses of refugees are weakened by chronic hungerIt is difficult to supply to all refugees because of several influences. Sanctions- embargoes create food shortages by limiting access to agricultural supplies, fuel, and food processing supplies.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_picture_candidates/Korean_War_RefugeesSource: Insel, P., Heier, J., Ross, D., Bernstein, M., & McMohon, K. (n.d.). Discovering Nutrition. 5th edition.

Environmental degradation is a concern in developing countries

There is a need for more land in growing populations

Many resources are being used and not properly disposed

Environmental degradation has many nutritional consequences

Urbanization decreases the amount of land available for farming

Overdependence on irrigation is draining water sources

The over use of pesticides can destroy fish and seafood

Malnutrition is a rising concern in foreign countries